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The Interplay of Glycosaminoglycans and Cysteine Cathepsins in Mucopolysaccharidosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030810. [PMID: 36979788 PMCID: PMC10045161 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) consists of a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders that are caused by a defect of certain enzymes that participate in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The abnormal accumulation of GAGs leads to progressive dysfunctions in various tissues and organs during childhood, contributing to premature death. As the current therapies are limited and inefficient, exploring the molecular mechanisms of the pathology is thus required to address the unmet needs of MPS patients to improve their quality of life. Lysosomal cysteine cathepsins are a family of proteases that play key roles in numerous physiological processes. Dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins expression and activity can be frequently observed in many human diseases, including MPS. This review summarizes the basic knowledge on MPS disorders and their current management and focuses on GAGs and cysteine cathepsins expression in MPS, as well their interplay, which may lead to the development of MPS-associated disorders.
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Zhang C, Gawri R, Lau YK, Spruce LA, Fazelinia H, Jiang Z, Jo SY, Scanzello CR, Mai W, Dodge GR, Casal ML, Smith LJ. Proteomics identifies novel biomarkers of synovial joint disease in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis I. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:107371. [PMID: 36709534 PMCID: PMC9918716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis I is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by deficient alpha-L-iduronidase activity, leading to abnormal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in cells and tissues. Synovial joint disease is prevalent and significantly reduces patient quality of life. There is a critical need for improved understanding of joint disease pathophysiology in MPS I, including specific biomarkers to predict and monitor joint disease progression, and response to treatment. The objective of this study was to leverage the naturally-occurring MPS I canine model and undertake an unbiased proteomic screen to identify systemic biomarkers predictive of local joint disease in MPS I. Synovial fluid and serum samples were collected from MPS I and healthy dogs at 12 months-of-age, and protein abundance characterized using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Stifle joints were evaluated postmortem using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology. Proteomics identified 40 proteins for which abundance was significantly correlated between serum and synovial fluid, including markers of inflammatory joint disease and lysosomal dysfunction. Elevated expression of three biomarker candidates, matrix metalloproteinase 19, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy-chain 3 and alpha-1-microglobulin, was confirmed in MPS I cartilage, and serum abundance of these molecules was found to correlate with MRI and histological degenerative grades. The candidate biomarkers identified have the potential to improve patient care by facilitating minimally-invasive, specific assessment of joint disease progression and response to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahul Gawri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yian Khai Lau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lynn A Spruce
- Proteomics Core Facility, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Proteomics Core Facility, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Zhirui Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie Y Jo
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carla R Scanzello
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wilfried Mai
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George R Dodge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Margret L Casal
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lachlan J Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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3
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Poswar FDO, Henriques Nehm J, Kubaski F, Poletto E, Giugliani R. Diagnosis and Emerging Treatment Strategies for Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (Sly Syndrome). Ther Clin Risk Manag 2022; 18:1143-1155. [PMID: 36578769 PMCID: PMC9791935 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s351300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII, Sly syndrome) is an ultra-rare lysosomal disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme β-glucuronidase (GUS). The diagnosis is suspected based on a range of symptoms that are common to many other MPS types, and it is confirmed through biochemical and molecular studies. Besides supportive treatment, current and emerging treatments include enzyme replacement therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and gene therapy. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and emerging treatments for MPS VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar
- Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,DR Brasil Research Group, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johanna Henriques Nehm
- Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Edina Poletto
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,DR Brasil Research Group, HCPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,DASA Genômica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Casa dos Raros, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Correspondence: Roberto Giugliani, Medical Genetics Service- HCPA / Dep Genet UFRGS, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil, Tel +55 51 3359 6338, Email
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Montavon B, Winter LE, Gan Q, Arasteh A, Montaño AM. Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA: Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:829111. [PMID: 35620518 PMCID: PMC9127057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.829111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA (Morquio A), signified by valvular disease and cardiac hypertrophy, is the second leading cause of death and remains untouched by current therapies. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the gold-standard treatment for MPS disorders including Morquio A. Early administration of ERT improves outcomes of patients from childhood to adulthood while posing new challenges including prognosis of CVD and ERT's negligible effect on cardiovascular health. Thus, having accurate biomarkers for CVD could be critical. Here we show that cathepsin S (CTSS) and elastin (ELN) can be used as biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodeling in Morquio A disease. We found in a cohort of 54 treatment naïve Morquio A patients and 74 normal controls that CTSS shows promising attributes as a biomarker in young Morquio A children. On the other hand, ELN shows promising attributes as a biomarker in adolescent and adult Morquio A. Plasma/urine keratan sulfate (KS), and urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels were significantly higher in Morquio A patients (p < 0.001) which decreased with age of patients. CTSS levels did not correlate with patients' phenotypic severity but differed significantly between patients (median range 5.45-8.52 ng/mL) and normal controls (median range 9.61-15.9 ng/mL; p < 0.001). We also studied α -2-macroglobulin (A2M), C-reactive protein (CRP), and circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in a subset of samples to understand the relation between ECM biomarkers and the severity of CVD in Morquio A patients. Our experiments revealed that CRP and sVCAM-1 levels were lower in Morquio A patients compared to normal controls. We also observed a strong inverse correlation between urine/plasma KS and CRP (p = 0.013 and p = 0.022, respectively) in Morquio A patients as well as a moderate correlation between sVCAM-1 and CTSS in Morquio A patients at all ages (p = 0.03). As the first study to date investigating CTSS and ELN levels in Morquio A patients and in the normal population, our results establish a starting point for more elaborate studies in larger populations to understand how CTSS and ELN levels correlate with Morquio A severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Montavon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Linda E. Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qi Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Adriana M. Montaño
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Guerreiro G, Faverzani J, Moura AP, Volfart V, Gome Dos Reis B, Sitta A, Gonzalez EA, de Lima Rosa G, Coitinho AS, Baldo G, Wajner M, Vargas CR. Protective effects of L-carnitine on behavioral alterations and neuroinflammation in striatum of glutaryl-COA dehydrogenase deficient mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 709:108970. [PMID: 34181873 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA1) is caused by glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency that leads to a blockage in the metabolic route of the amino acids lysine and tryptophan and subsequent accumulation of glutaric acid (GA), 3-hydroxyglutaric acids and glutarylcarnitine (C5DC). Patients predominantly manifest neurological symptoms, associated with acute striatal degeneration, as well as progressive cortical and striatum injury whose pathogenesis is not yet fully established. Current treatment includes protein/lysine restriction and l-carnitine supplementation of (L-car). The aim of this work was to evaluate behavior parameters and pro-inflammatory factors (cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and cathepsin-D levels), as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 in striatum of knockout mice (Gcdh-/-) and wild type (WT) mice submitted to a normal or a high Lys diet. The potential protective effects of L-car treatment on these parameters were also evaluated. Gcdh-/- mice showed behavioral changes, including lower motor activity (decreased number of crossings) and exploratory activity (reduced number of rearings). Also, Gcdh-/- mice had significantly higher concentrations of glutarylcarnitine (C5DC) in blood and cathepsin-D (CATD), interleukin IL-1β and tumor factor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) in striatum than WT mice. Noteworthy, L-car treatment prevented most behavioral alterations, normalized CATD levels and attenuated IL-1β levels in striatum of Gcdh-/- mice. Finally, IL-1β was positively correlated with CATD and C5DC levels and L-car was negatively correlated with CATD. Our results demonstrate behavioral changes and a pro-inflammatory status in striatum of the animal model of GA1 and, most importantly, L-car showed important protective effects on these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilian Guerreiro
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035- 903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Faverzani
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alana Pimentel Moura
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035- 903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Volfart
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gome Dos Reis
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Sitta
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035- 903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Lima Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Simon Coitinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Fisiologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035- 903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035 000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035- 903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 90035 000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Gonzalez EA, Tobar Leitão SA, Soares DDS, Tavares AMV, Giugliani R, Baldo G, Matte U. Cardiac pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis I mice: Losartan modifies ERK1/2 activation during cardiac remodeling. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:740-750. [PMID: 33145772 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the IDUA gene, that codifies the alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme, which deficiency leads to storage of glycosaminoglycans, with multiple clinical manifestations. One of the leading causes of death in MPS I patients are cardiac complications such as cardiac valve thickening, conduction abnormalities, myocardial dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanism leading to cardiac dysfunction in MPS I is not entirely understood. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that losartan and propranolol improved the cardiac function in MPS I mice. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the pathways influenced by these drugs may modulate the cardiac remodeling process in MPS I mice. According to our previous observation, losartan and propranolol restore the heart function, without altering valve thickness. MPS I mice presented reduced activation of AKT and ERK1/2, increased activity of cathepsins, but no alteration in metalloproteinase activity was observed. Animals treated with losartan showed a reduction in cathepsin activity and restored ERK1/2 activation. While both losartan and propranolol improved heart function, no mechanistic evidence was found for propranolol so far. Our results suggest that losartan or propranolol could be used to ameliorate the cardiac disease in MPS I and could be considered as adjuvant treatment candidates for therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Santiago Alonso Tobar Leitão
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas Dos Santos Soares
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Vicente Tavares
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Corrêa T, Feltes BC, Gonzalez EA, Baldo G, Matte U. Network Analysis Reveals Proteins Associated with Aortic Dilatation in Mucopolysaccharidoses. Interdiscip Sci 2021; 13:34-43. [PMID: 33475959 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-020-00406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses are caused by a deficiency of enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Heart diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in MPS patients, even in conditions in which enzyme replacement therapy is available. In this sense, cardiovascular manifestations, such as heart hypertrophy, cardiac function reduction, increased left ventricular chamber, and aortic dilatation, are among the most frequent. However, the downstream events which influence the heart dilatation process are unclear. Here, we employed systems biology tools together with transcriptomic data to investigate new elements that may be involved in aortic dilatation in Mucopolysaccharidoses syndrome. We identified candidate genes involved in biological processes related to inflammatory responses, deposition of collagen, and lipid accumulation in the cardiovascular system that may be involved in aortic dilatation in the Mucopolysaccharidoses I and VII. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of losartan treatment in Mucopolysaccharidoses I mice to underscore how this drug acts to prevent aortic dilation. Our data indicate that the association between the TGF-b signaling pathway, Fos, and Col1a1 proteins can play an essential role in aortic dilation's pathophysiology and its subsequent improvement by losartan treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Corrêa
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno César Feltes
- Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-903, Brazil.
- Postgraduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Sasaki T, Ogata M, Kajihama A, Nakau K, Okizaki A. Dysostosis in mucopolysaccharidosis type 2: A case of longitudinal follow up and literature review. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:656-660. [PMID: 33488893 PMCID: PMC7809250 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 is a congenital lysosomal disease characterized by iduronate-2-sulfatase deficiency, which leads to excessive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in tissue. Dysostosis, which primarily involves decreased bone mineralization with morphological changes in the bone, is a major skeletal condition in mucopolysaccharidosis, but its pathophysiology is not well known. Here, we report a case of mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 diagnosed at the age of 2 years with longitudinal follow-up data for more than 15 years. Although the patient underwent bone marrow transplantation, the developmental quotient did not improve, and cranial hyperostosis progressed prominently with a faintly dilated perivascular space. Other dysostoses and contraction of the joints were observed but did not improve either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Sasaki
- Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Miki Ogata
- Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Aya Kajihama
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kouichi Nakau
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Okizaki
- Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Lin HY, Chen MR, Lee CL, Lin SM, Hung CL, Niu DM, Chang TM, Chuang CK, Lin SP. Aortic Root Dilatation in Taiwanese Patients with Mucopolysaccharidoses and the Long-Term Effects of Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010016. [PMID: 33374885 PMCID: PMC7823494 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular abnormalities have been observed in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) of any type, with the most documented abnormalities being valvular regurgitation and stenosis and cardiac hypertrophy. Only a few studies have focused on aortic root dilatation and the long-term effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in these patients. Methods: We reviewed echocardiograms of 125 Taiwanese MPS patients (age range, 0.1 to 19.1 years; 11 with MPS I, 49 with MPS II, 25 with MPS III, 29 with MPS IVA, and 11 with MPS VI). The aortic root diameter was measured at the sinus of Valsalva. Results: Aortic root dilatation (z score >2) was observed in 47% of the MPS patients, including 66% of MPS IV, 51% of MPS II, 45% of MPS VI, 28% of MPS III, and 27% of MPS I patients. The mean aortic root diameter z score was 2.14 (n = 125). The patients with MPS IV had the most severe aortic root dilatation with a mean aortic root diameter z score of 3.03, followed by MPS II (2.12), MPS VI (2.06), MPS III (1.68), and MPS I (1.03). The aortic root diameter z score was positively correlated with increasing age (n = 125, p < 0.01). For the patients with MPS II, III, and IV, aortic root diameter z score was also positively correlated with increasing age (p < 0.01). For 16 patients who had received ERT and had follow-up echocardiographic data (range 2.0–16.2 years), the mean aortic root diameter z score change was −0.46 compared to baseline (baseline 2.49 versus follow-up 2.03, p = 0.490). Conclusions: Aortic root dilatation was common in the patients with all types of MPS, with the most severe aortic root dilatation observed in those with MPS IV. The severity of aortic root dilatation worsened with increasing age, reinforcing the concept of the progressive nature of this disease. ERT for MPS appears to stabilize the progression of aortic root dilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-M.L.); (C.-L.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ren Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-M.L.); (C.-L.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Lin Lee
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan;
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Shan-Miao Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-M.L.); (C.-L.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-M.L.); (C.-L.H.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Dau-Ming Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ming Chang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Changhua Christian Children’s Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-K.C.); (S.-P.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2348) (C.-K.C.); +886-2-2543-3535 (ext. 3090) (S.-P.L.); Fax: +886-2-2808-5952 (C.-K.C.); +886-2-2543-3642 (S.-P.L.)
| | - Shuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (M.-R.C.); (S.-M.L.); (C.-L.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan
- Department of Rare Disease Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Infant and Child Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-K.C.); (S.-P.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2348) (C.-K.C.); +886-2-2543-3535 (ext. 3090) (S.-P.L.); Fax: +886-2-2808-5952 (C.-K.C.); +886-2-2543-3642 (S.-P.L.)
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10
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The Role of Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 Lipopolysaccharide in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:7439506. [PMID: 33274243 PMCID: PMC7676966 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7439506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 is mentioned among the most common arthritogenic pathogens. Bacterial components (including lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) may persist in the joint after eradication of infection. Having an adjuvant activity, LPS may enhance production of anticollagen antibodies, involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, its ability to activate complement contributes to the inflammation. The aim of this work was to investigate whether Yersinia LPS (coinjected with collagen) is associated with arthritis progression or other pathological effects and to elucidate the mechanism of this association. It was demonstrated that murine mannose-binding lectin C (MBL-C) recognizes the inner core heptoses of the Rd1 chemotype LPS of Yersinia. In addition, the Rd1 LPS activates the MBL-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1) stronger than the S and Ra chemotype LPS and comparable to Klebsiella pneumoniae O:3 LPS. However, in contrast to the latter, Yersinia Rd1 LPS was associated neither with the adjuvancity nor with the enhancement of pathological changes in animal paws/impairment of motility. On the other hand, it seemed to be more hepatotoxic when compared with the other tested endotoxins, while the enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes and drop in hepatic MBL-C expression (at the mRNA level) were independent of LPS chemotype. Our data did not suggest no greater impact Y. enterocolitica O:3 on the development or severity of arthropathy related to anticollagen antibody-induced arthritis in mice, although its interaction with MBL-C and subsequent complement activation may contribute to some adverse effects.
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11
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Lu PN, Moreland T, Christian CJ, Lund TC, Steet RA, Flanagan-Steet H. Inappropriate cathepsin K secretion promotes its enzymatic activation driving heart and valve malformation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133019. [PMID: 33055423 PMCID: PMC7605527 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most common birth defect, a comprehensive understanding of disease etiology remains unknown. This is further complicated since CHDs can occur in isolation or as a feature of another disorder. Analyzing disorders with associated CHDs provides a powerful platform to identify primary pathogenic mechanisms driving disease. Aberrant localization and expression of cathepsin proteases can perpetuate later-stage heart diseases, but their contribution toward CHDs is unclear. To investigate the contribution of cathepsins during cardiovascular development and congenital disease, we analyzed the pathogenesis of cardiac defects in zebrafish models of the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis II (MLII). MLII is caused by mutations in the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase enzyme (Gnptab) that disrupt carbohydrate-dependent sorting of lysosomal enzymes. Without Gnptab, lysosomal hydrolases, including cathepsin proteases, are inappropriately secreted. Analyses of heart development in gnptab-deficient zebrafish show cathepsin K secretion increases its activity, disrupts TGF-β–related signaling, and alters myocardial and valvular formation. Importantly, cathepsin K inhibition restored normal heart and valve development in MLII embryos. Collectively, these data identify mislocalized cathepsin K as an initiator of cardiac disease in this lysosomal disorder and establish cathepsin inhibition as a viable therapeutic strategy. Mislocalized cathepsin K promotes cardiac disease in a zebrafish model of the lysosomal disorder mucolipidosis II and can be targeted by cathespin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Nien Lu
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Trevor Moreland
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney J Christian
- Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Troy C Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard A Steet
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
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12
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Belfiore MP, Iacobellis F, Acampora E, Caiazza M, Rubino M, Monda E, Magaldi MR, Tarallo A, Sasso M, De Pasquale V, Grassi R, Cappabianca S, Calabrò P, Fecarotta S, Esposito S, Esposito G, Pisani A, Pavone LM, Parenti G, Limongelli G. Aortopathies in mouse models of Pompe, Fabry and Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB lysosomal storage diseases. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233050. [PMID: 32428018 PMCID: PMC7236983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are rare inherited metabolic diseases characterized by an abnormal accumulation of various toxic materials in the cells as a result of enzyme deficiencies leading to tissue and organ damage. Among clinical manifestations, cardiac diseases are particularly important in Pompe glycogen storage diseases (PD), in glycosphingolipidosis Fabry disease (FD), and mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Here, we evaluated the occurrence of aortopathy in knock out (KO) mouse models of three different LSDs, including PD, FD, and MPS IIIB. Methods We measured the aortic diameters in 15 KO male mice, 5 for each LSD: 5 GLA-/- mice for FD, 5 NAGLU-/- mice for MPS IIIB, 5 GAA-/- mice for PD, and 15 wild type (WT) mice: 5 for each strain. In order to compare the aortic parameters between KO and WT mice deriving from the same colonies, different diameters were echocardiographically measured: aortic annulus, aortic sinus, sino-tubular junction, ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta. Storage material content and aortic defects of the KO mice were also analyzed by histology, when available. Results Compared to their correspondent WT mice: GAA-/- mice showed greater diameters of ascending aorta (1.61mm vs. 1.11mm, p-value = 0.01) and descending aorta (1.17mm vs 1.02mm, p-value 0.04); GLA-/- mice showed greater diameters of aortic annulus (1.35mm vs. 1.22mm, p-value = 0.01), sinus of Valsalva (1.6mm vs. 1.38mm, p-value<0.01), ascending aorta (1.57mm vs. 1.34mm, p-value<0.01), aortic arch (1.36mm vs. 1.22mm, p-value = 0.03) and descending aorta (1.29mm vs. 1.11mm, p-value<0.01); NAGLU-/- mice showed greater diameters of sinus of Valsalva (1.46mm vs. 1.31mm, p-value = 0.05), ascending aorta (1.42mm vs. 1.29mm, p-value<0.01), aortic arch (1.34mm vs. 1.28mm, p-value<0.01) and descending aorta (1.18mm vs. 1.1mm, p-value 0.01). Conclusions We evaluated for the first time the aortic diameters in 3 LSD mouse models and identified different aortopathy patterns, in concordance with recent human findings. Our results are relevant in view of using KO mouse models for efficiently testing the efficacy of new therapies on distinct cardiovascular aspects of LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Acampora
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Magaldi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Tarallo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Sasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Grassi
- Department of Radiology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Fecarotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College of London and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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13
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De Pasquale V, Moles A, Pavone LM. Cathepsins in the Pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses: New Perspectives for Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040979. [PMID: 32326609 PMCID: PMC7227001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins (CTSs) are ubiquitously expressed proteases normally found in the endolysosomal compartment where they mediate protein degradation and turnover. However, CTSs are also found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular matrix where they actively participate in cell signaling, protein processing, and trafficking through the plasma and nuclear membranes and between intracellular organelles. Dysregulation in CTS expression and/or activity disrupts cellular homeostasis, thus contributing to many human diseases, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, obesity, cancer, kidney dysfunction, and others. This review aimed to highlight the involvement of CTSs in inherited lysosomal storage disorders, with a primary focus to the emerging evidence on the role of CTSs in the pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). These latter diseases are characterized by severe neurological, skeletal and cardiovascular phenotypes, and no effective cure exists to date. The advance in the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of CTSs in MPSs may open a new challenge for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the cure of such intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna Moles
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish Research Council, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463043
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14
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Peck SH, Tobias JW, Shore EM, Malhotra NR, Haskins ME, Casal ML, Smith LJ. Molecular profiling of failed endochondral ossification in mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Bone 2019; 128:115042. [PMID: 31442675 PMCID: PMC6813906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by deficient activity of β-glucuronidase, leading to progressive accumulation of incompletely degraded heparan, dermatan, and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Patients with MPS VII exhibit progressive skeletal deformity including kyphoscoliosis and joint dysplasia, which decrease quality of life and increase mortality. Previously, using the naturally-occurring canine model, we demonstrated that one of the earliest skeletal abnormalities to manifest in MPS VII is failed initiation of secondary ossification in vertebrae and long bones at the requisite postnatal developmental stage. The objective of this study was to obtain global insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this failed initiation of secondary ossification. Epiphyseal tissue was isolated postmortem from the vertebrae of control and MPS VII-affected dogs at 9 and 14 days-of-age (n = 5 for each group). Differences in global gene expression across this developmental window for both cohorts were measured using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Principal Component Analysis revealed clustering of samples within each group, indicating clear effects of both age and disease state. At 9 days-of-age, 1375 genes were significantly differentially expressed between MPS VII and control, and by 14 days-of-age, this increased to 4719 genes. A targeted analysis focused on signaling pathways important in the regulation of endochondral ossification was performed, and a subset of gene expression differences were validated using qPCR. Osteoactivin (GPNMB) was the top upregulated gene in MPS VII at both ages. In control samples, temporal changes in gene expression from 9 to 14 days-of-age were consistent with chondrocyte maturation, cartilage resorption, and osteogenesis. In MPS VII samples, however, elements of key osteogenic pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and BMP signaling were not upregulated during this same developmental window suggesting that important bone formation pathways are not activated. In conclusion, this study represents an important step towards identifying therapeutic targets and biomarkers for bone disease in MPS VII patients during postnatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Peck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil R Malhotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark E Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margret L Casal
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lachlan J Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Cholinergic system and exploratory behavior are changed after weekly-binge ethanol exposure in zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 186:172790. [PMID: 31499145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is characterized by excessive alcohol consumption in a short period of time and is associated with a poor quality of life. Zebrafish are commonly used to investigate neurochemical, behavioral, and genetic parameters associated with ethanol (EtOH) exposure. However, few studies have used zebrafish as a model to investigate binge EtOH exposure. In order to elucidate the potential neurobehavioral impairments evoked by binge EtOH exposure in zebrafish, animals were immersed in 1.4% EtOH for 30 min three consecutive times with intervals of one week. Neurobehavioral parameters were analyzed immediately following the third exposure, as well as 2 and 9 days later. Brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were reduced 9 days after the treatment. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive species and dichlorodihydrofluorescein levels were increased immediately after the treatment, but both returned to normal levels 2 days after the treatment. Catalase and glutathione reductase were impaired 2 and 9 days after the treatment. No alteration was observed in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. EtOH treatment did not alter brain expression of inflammatory genes such as il-1β, il-10, and tnf-α. Zebrafish displayed anxiolytic-like behavior immediately after the last exposure, though there was no behavioral alteration observed 9 days after the treatment. Therefore, binge EtOH exposure in zebrafish leads to long lasting brain cholinergic alteration, probably related to oxidative stress immediately after the exposure, which is independent of classical inflammatory markers.
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16
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Poletto E, Pasqualim G, Giugliani R, Matte U, Baldo G. Effects of gene therapy on cardiovascular symptoms of lysosomal storage diseases. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:261-285. [PMID: 31132295 PMCID: PMC6687348 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are inherited conditions caused by impaired lysosomal function and consequent substrate storage, leading to a range of clinical manifestations, including cardiovascular disease. This may lead to significant symptoms and even cardiac failure, which is an important cause of death among patients. Currently available treatments do not completely correct cardiac involvement in the LSDs. Gene therapy has been tested as a therapeutic alternative with promising results for the heart disease. In this review, we present the results of different approaches of gene therapy for LSDs, mainly in animal models, and its effects in the heart, focusing on protocols with cardiac functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Poletto
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pasqualim
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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17
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Poswar FDO, de Souza CFM, Giugliani R, Baldo G. Aortic root dilatation in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and the impact of enzyme replacement therapy. Heart Vessels 2018; 34:290-295. [PMID: 30136169 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are disorders characterized by impaired glycosaminoglycan (GAG) catabolism as a consequence of a deficiency or the absence of lysosomal enzymes directly involved in their degradation. Multiple organ systems are involved in MPS, including the cardiovascular system. Recently, aortic root dilatation (ARD) has been described in these patients. Thus, we reviewed aortic root diameter measurements in 69 MPS patients from a single center from 2000 to 2016. Aortic root diameter z scores were calculated based on data published by Colan et al. according to the body surface area (BSA) determined using the Haycock formula. The overall incidence of ARD in MPS patients was 39.1%. Higher mean z scores were present in patients with MPS IVA and VI when compared to MPS I and II. Aortic root z scores were higher in older MPS IVA patients, which may suggest a progressive ARD change in this MPS type. No significant differences were found before and after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in 11 patients with available data (2 with MPS I; 4 with MPS II; 2 with MPS IVA, and 3 with MPS VI). This work provides further evidence that ARD is common in different types of MPS, being especially evident in MPS IVA, but with a significant occurrence also in MPS VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fischinger Moura de Souza
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Physiology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
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18
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Gonzalez EA, Martins GR, Tavares AMV, Viegas M, Poletto E, Giugliani R, Matte U, Baldo G. Cathepsin B inhibition attenuates cardiovascular pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis I mice. Life Sci 2018; 196:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Cholinergic System and Oxidative Stress Changes in the Brain of a Zebrafish Model Chronically Exposed to Ethanol. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:749-758. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Gonzalez EA, Tavares AMV, Poletto E, Giugliani R, Matte U, Baldo G. Losartan improves aortic dilatation and cardiovascular disease in mucopolysaccharidosis I. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:311-312. [PMID: 28160112 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Vicente Tavares
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physiology-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Ritter dos Reis University Center-UniRitter, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edina Poletto
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, 90035-903, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physiology-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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21
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Baldo G, Tavares AMV, Gonzalez E, Poletto E, Mayer FQ, Matte UDS, Giugliani R. Progressive heart disease in mucopolysaccharidosis type I mice may be mediated by increased cathepsin B activity. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 27:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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22
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López ML, Uribe-Cruz C, Osvaldt A, Kieling CO, Simon L, Tobar S, Andrades M, Matte U. Encapsulated platelets modulate kupffer cell activation and reduce oxidative stress in a model of acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:1562-1572. [PMID: 27509591 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by massive hepatocyte cell death. Kupffer cells (KC) are the first cells to be activated after liver injury. They secrete cytokines and produce reactive oxygen species, leading to apoptosis of hepatocytes. In a previous study, we showed that encapsulated platelets (PLTs) increase survival in a model of ALF. Here, we investigate how PLTs exert their beneficial effect. Wistar rats submitted to 90% hepatectomy were treated with PLTs encapsulated in sodium alginate or empty capsules. Animals were euthanized at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after hepatectomy, and livers were collected to assess oxidative stress, caspase activity, and gene expression related to oxidative stress or liver function. The number of KCs in the remnant liver was evaluated. Interaction of encapsulated PLTs and KCs was investigated using a coculture system. PLTs increase superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and reduce lipid peroxidation. In addition, caspase 3 activity was reduced in animals receiving encapsulated PLTs at 48 and 72 hours. Gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa B were elevated in the PLT group at each time point analyzed. Gene expression of albumin and factor V also increased in the PLT group. The number of KCs in the PLT group returned to normal levels at 12 hours but remained elevated in the control group until 72 hours. Finally, PLTs modulate interleukin (IL) 6 and IL10 expression in KCs after 24 hours of coculture. In conclusion, these results indicate that PLTs interact with KCs in this model and exert their beneficial effect through reduction of oxidative stress that results in healthier hepatocytes and decreased apoptosis. Liver Transplantation 22 1562-1572 2016 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Luján López
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina Uribe-Cruz
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Osvaldt
- Post-Graduation Program in Surgery, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Oscar Kieling
- Experimental Hepatology Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Simon
- Post-Graduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Santiago Tobar
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michael Andrades
- Molecular and Protein Analysis Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Post-Graduation Program on Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Immune-Mediated Inflammation May Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150850. [PMID: 26986213 PMCID: PMC4795702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease, a progressive manifestation of α-L-iduronidase deficiency or mucopolysaccharidosis type I, continues in patients both untreated and treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or intravenous enzyme replacement. Few studies have examined the effects of α-L-iduronidase deficiency and subsequent glycosaminoglycan storage upon arterial gene expression to understand the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Methods Gene expression in carotid artery, ascending, and descending aortas from four non-tolerized, non-enzyme treated 19 month-old mucopolysaccharidosis type I dogs was compared with expression in corresponding vascular segments from three normal, age-matched dogs. Data were analyzed using R and whole genome network correlation analysis, a bias-free method of categorizing expression level and significance into discrete modules. Genes were further categorized based on module-trait relationships. Expression of clusterin, a protein implicated in other etiologies of cardiovascular disease, was assessed in canine and murine mucopolysaccharidosis type I aortas via Western blot and in situ immunohistochemistry. Results Gene families with more than two-fold, significant increased expression involved lysosomal function, proteasome function, and immune regulation. Significantly downregulated genes were related to cellular adhesion, cytoskeletal elements, and calcium regulation. Clusterin gene overexpression (9-fold) and protein overexpression (1.3 to 1.62-fold) was confirmed and located specifically in arterial plaques of mucopolysaccharidosis-affected dogs and mice. Conclusions Overexpression of lysosomal and proteasomal-related genes are expected responses to cellular stress induced by lysosomal storage in mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Upregulation of immunity-related genes implicates the potential involvement of glycosaminoglycan-induced inflammation in the pathogenesis of mucopolysaccharidosis-related arterial disease, for which clusterin represents a potential biomarker.
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Giugliani R, Federhen A, Vairo F, Vanzella C, Pasqualim G, da Silva LMR, Giugliani L, de Boer APK, de Souza CFM, Matte U, Baldo G. Emerging drugs for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2016; 21:9-26. [PMID: 26751109 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2016.1123690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite being reported for the first time almost one century ago, only in the last few decades effective have treatments become available for the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs), a group of 11 inherited metabolic diseases that affect lysosomal function. These diseases are progressive, usually severe, and, in a significant number of cases, involve cognitive impairment. AREAS COVERED This review will not cover established treatments such as bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and classic intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), whose long-term outcomes have already been published (MPS I, MPS II, and MPS VI), but it instead focuses on emerging therapies for MPSs. That includes intravenous ERT for MPS IVA and VII, intrathecal ERT, ERT with fusion proteins, substrate reduction therapy, gene therapy, and other novel approaches. EXPERT OPINION The available treatments have resulted in improvements for several disease manifestations, but they still do not represent a cure for these diseases; thus, it is important to develop alternative methods to approach the unmet needs (i.e. bone disease, heart valve disease, corneal opacity, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement). The work in progress with novel approaches makes us confident that in 2017, when MPS will commemorate 100 years of its first report, we will be much closer to an effective cure for these challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Giugliani
- a Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Department of Genetics , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,c Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Andressa Federhen
- a Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,c Post-Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Filippo Vairo
- a Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Cláudia Vanzella
- a Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,e Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pasqualim
- a Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,b Department of Genetics , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Letícia Machado Rosa da Silva
- a Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Luciana Giugliani
- a Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Kurz de Boer
- a Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Carolina Fishinger Moura de Souza
- a Medical Genetics Service and Clinical Research Group in Medical Genetics , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- b Department of Genetics , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,d Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,f Gene Therapy Center , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- d Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,f Gene Therapy Center , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil.,g Department of Physiology , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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25
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Encapsulated Whole Bone Marrow Cells Improve Survival in Wistar Rats after 90% Partial Hepatectomy. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:4831524. [PMID: 26649048 PMCID: PMC4663362 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4831524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims. The use of bone marrow cells has been suggested as an alternative treatment for acute liver failure. In this study, we investigate the effect of encapsulated whole bone marrow cells in a liver failure model. Methods. Encapsulated cells or empty capsules were implanted in rats submitted to 90% partial hepatectomy. The survival rate was assessed. Another group was euthanized at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after hepatectomy to study expression of cytokines and growth factors. Results. Whole bone marrow group showed a higher than 10 days survival rate compared to empty capsules group. Gene expression related to early phase of liver regeneration at 6 hours after hepatectomy was decreased in encapsulated cells group, whereas genes related to regeneration were increased at 12, 24, and 48 hours. Whole bone marrow group showed lower regeneration rate at 72 hours and higher expression and activity of caspase 3. In contrast, lysosomal-β-glucuronidase activity was elevated in empty capsules group. Conclusions. The results show that encapsulated whole bone marrow cells reduce the expression of genes involved in liver regeneration and increase those responsible for ending hepatocyte division. In addition, these cells favor apoptotic cell death and decrease necrosis, thus increasing survival.
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Pasqualim G, Baldo G, de Carvalho TG, Tavares AMV, Giugliani R, Matte U. Effects of enzyme replacement therapy started late in a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117271. [PMID: 25646802 PMCID: PMC4315431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a progressive disorder caused by deficiency of α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), which leads to storage of heparan and dermatan sulphate. It is suggested that early enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) leads to better outcomes, although many patients are diagnosed late and don’t receive immediate treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of late onset ERT in a MPS I murine model. MPS I mice received treatment from 6 to 8 months of age (ERT 6–8mo) with 1.2mg laronidase/kg every 2 weeks and were compared to 8 months-old wild-type (Normal) and untreated animals (MPS I). ERT was effective in reducing urinary and visceral GAG to normal levels. Heart GAG levels and left ventricular (LV) shortening fraction were normalized but cardiac function was not completely improved. While no significant improvements were found on aortic wall width, treatment was able to significantly reduce heart valves thickening. High variability was found in behavior tests, with treated animals presenting intermediate results between normal and affected mice, without correlation with cerebral cortex GAG levels. Cathepsin D activity in cerebral cortex also did not correlate with behavior heterogeneity. All treated animals developed anti-laronidase antibodies but no correlation was found with any parameters analyzed. However, intermediary results from locomotion parameters analyzed are in accordance with intermediary levels of heart function, cathepsin D, activated glia and reduction of TNF-α expression in the cerebral cortex. In conclusion, even if started late, ERT can have beneficial effects on many aspects of the disease and should be considered whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pasqualim
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Talita Giacomet de Carvalho
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Giugliani
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Gene Therapy Center, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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27
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Baldo G, Lorenzini DM, Santos DS, Mayer FQ, Vitry S, Bigou S, Heard JM, Matte U, Giugliani R. Shotgun proteomics reveals possible mechanisms for cognitive impairment in Mucopolysaccharidosis I mice. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:138-45. [PMID: 25541102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.12.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is due to deficient alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) which leads to storage of undegraded glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The severe form of the disease is characterized by mental retardation of unknown etiology. Trying to unveil the mechanisms that lead to cognitive impairment in MPS I, we studied alterations in the proteome from MPS I mouse hippocampus. Eight-month old mice presented increased LAMP-1 expression, GAG storage in neurons and glial cells, and impaired aversive and non-aversive memory. Shotgun proteomics was performed and 297 proteins were identified. Of those, 32 were differentially expressed. We found elevation in proteins such as cathepsins B and D; however their increase did not lead to cell death in MPS I brains. Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) was markedly elevated, and immunohistochemistry confirmed a neuroinflammatory process that could be responsible for neuronal dysfunction. We didn't observe any differences in ubiquitin expression, as well as in other proteins related to protein folding, suggesting that the ubiquitin system is working properly. Finally, we observed alterations in several proteins involved in synaptic plasticity, including overexpression of post synaptic density-95 (PSD95) and reduction of microtubule-associated proteins 1A and 1B. These results together suggest that the cognitive impairment in MPS I mice is not due to massive cell death, but rather to neuronal dysfunction caused by multiple processes, including neuroinflammation and alterations in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Macedo Lorenzini
- Research Center in Molecular and Functional Biology, National Institute of Science and Technology on Tuberculosis, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogenes Santiago Santos
- Research Center in Molecular and Functional Biology, National Institute of Science and Technology on Tuberculosis, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sandrine Vitry
- Retrovirus and Genetic Transfer Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bigou
- Retrovirus and Genetic Transfer Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean Michael Heard
- Retrovirus and Genetic Transfer Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Ursula Matte
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Xing EM, Wu S, Ponder KP. The effect of Tlr4 and/or C3 deficiency and of neonatal gene therapy on skeletal disease in mucopolysaccharidosis VII mice. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:209-16. [PMID: 25559179 PMCID: PMC4381425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.12.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of the enzyme β-glucuronidase (Gusb(-/-)) and results in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation. Skeletal abnormalities include stunted long bones and bone degeneration. GAGs have been hypothesized to activate toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling and the complement pathway, resulting in upregulation of inflammatory cytokines that suppress growth and cause degeneration of the bone. Gusb(-/-) mice were bred with Tlr4- and complement component 3 (C3)-deficient mice, and the skeletal manifestations of the doubly- and triply-deficient mice were compared to those of purebred Gusb(-/-) mice. Radiographs showed that purebred Gusb(-/-) mice had shorter tibias and femurs, and wider femurs, compared to normal mice. No improvement was seen in Tlr4, C3, or Tlr4/C3-deficient Gusb(-/-) mice. The glenoid cavity and humerus were scored on a scale from 0 (normal) to +3 (severely abnormal) for dysplasia and bone irregularities, and the joint space was measured. No improvement was seen in Tlr4, C3, or Tlr4/C3-deficient Gusb(-/-) mice, and their joint space remained abnormally wide. Gusb(-/-) mice treated neonatally with an intravenous retroviral vector (RV) had thinner femurs, longer legs, and a narrowed joint space compared with untreated purebred Gusb(-/-) mice, but no improvement in glenohumeral degeneration. We conclude that Tlr4- and/or C3-deficiency fail to ameliorate skeletal abnormalities, and other pathways may be involved. RV treatment improves some but not all aspects of bone disease. Radiographs may be an efficient method for future evaluation, as they readily show glenohumeral joint abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine P Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Review of Molecular and Mechanical Interactions in the Aortic Valve and Aorta: Implications for the Shared Pathogenesis of Aortic Valve Disease and Aortopathy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2014; 7:823-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-014-9602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Enhancing astrocytic lysosome biogenesis facilitates Aβ clearance and attenuates amyloid plaque pathogenesis. J Neurosci 2014; 34:9607-20. [PMID: 25031402 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3788-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), impaired Aβ removal contributes to elevated extracellular Aβ levels that drive amyloid plaque pathogenesis. Extracellular proteolysis, export across the blood-brain barrier, and cellular uptake facilitate physiologic Aβ clearance. Astrocytes can take up and degrade Aβ, but it remains unclear whether this function is insufficient in AD or can be enhanced to accelerate Aβ removal. Additionally, age-related dysfunction of lysosomes, the major degradative organelles wherein Aβ localizes after uptake, has been implicated in amyloid plaque pathogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that enhancing lysosomal function in astrocytes with transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis, would promote Aβ uptake and catabolism and attenuate plaque pathogenesis. Exogenous TFEB localized to the nucleus with transcriptional induction of lysosomal biogenesis and function in vitro. This resulted in significantly accelerated uptake of exogenously applied Aβ42, with increased localization to and degradation within lysosomes in C17.2 cells and primary astrocytes, indicating that TFEB is sufficient to coordinately enhance uptake, trafficking, and degradation of Aβ. Stereotactic injection of adeno-associated viral particles carrying TFEB driven by a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter was used to achieve astrocyte-specific expression in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Exogenous TFEB localized to astrocyte nuclei and enhanced lysosome function, resulting in reduced Aβ levels and shortened half-life in the brain interstitial fluid and reduced amyloid plaque load in the hippocampus compared with control virus-injected mice. Therefore, activation of TFEB in astrocytes is an effective strategy to restore adequate Aβ removal and counter amyloid plaque pathogenesis in AD.
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Wang RY, Braunlin EA, Rudser KD, Dengel DR, Metzig AM, Covault KK, Polgreen LE, Shapiro E, Steinberger J, Kelly AS. Carotid intima-media thickness is increased in patients with treated mucopolysaccharidosis types I and II, and correlates with arterial stiffness. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:128-32. [PMID: 24268528 PMCID: PMC3946737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments for mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) have increased longevity, but coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular complications cause mortality in a high percentage of patients. Non-invasive measures of sub-clinical atherosclerosis, such as carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and arterial stiffness, may be useful for prediction of CAD outcomes in MPS patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine if cIMT and arterial stiffness are abnormal in MPS I and II patients compared to healthy controls. METHODS MPS patients underwent carotid artery ultrasonography, and electronic wall-tracking software was used to measure cIMT, carotid artery cross-sectional compliance (cCSC), cross-sectional distensibility (cCSD), and incremental elastic modulus (cIEM). Control data from healthy subjects were obtained from a different study that utilized identical testing within the same laboratory. RESULTS A total of 406 healthy controls and 25 MPS patients (16 MPS I, 9 MPS II) were studied. All MPS patients had or were receiving treatment: 15 patients (6 MPS I, 9 MPS II) were receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), 9 patients (all MPS I) had received hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), and 1 patient with MPS I had received HSCT and was receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). MPS patients had significantly higher mean (± SD) cIMT (0.56 ± 0.05 mm) compared to controls (0.44 ± 0.04 mm; adjusted p<0.001). MPS patients also had increased stiffness compared to controls, showing significantly lower cCSC (0.14 ± 0.09 mm(2)/mmHg versus 0.16 ± 0.05 mm(2)/mmHg; adjusted p=0.019), and higher cIEM (1362 ± 877 mmHg versus 942 ± 396 mmHg; adjusted p<0.001). cCSD in MPS patients was lower than that of controls (29.7 ± 16.4% versus 32.0 ± 8.2%) but was not statistically significant; p=0.12. Among MPS patients, cCSD showed a significant association with cIMT (p=0.047), while the association between cIEM and cIMT approached significance (p=0.077). No significant differences were observed in cIMT, cCSD, cCSC, and cIEM between MPS I and MPS II patients. CONCLUSIONS Despite treatment, MPS patients had higher cIMT compared to healthy controls, indicating this marker of sub-clinical atherosclerosis may be a useful predictor of CAD outcomes. The association of arterial stiffness measures with cIMT suggests that mechanical and structural changes may occur in concert among MPS patients. Although yet to be confirmed, increased cIMT and arterial stiffness in MPS I and II patients may be a consequence of inflammatory signaling pathways triggered by heparan or dermatan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides. Prospective, longitudinal studies will need to be performed in order to evaluate the usefulness of these carotid measurements as predictors of adverse CAD outcomes in MPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Y Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children's Specialists, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Braunlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyle D Rudser
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donald R Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrea M Metzig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelly K Covault
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children's Specialists, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Lynda E Polgreen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elsa Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron S Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Baldo G, Giugliani R, Matte U. Gene delivery strategies for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:449-59. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.880689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bigg PW, Baldo G, Sleeper MM, O'Donnell PA, Bai H, Rokkam VR, Liu Y, Wu S, Giugliani R, Casal ML, Haskins ME, Ponder KP. Pathogenesis of mitral valve disease in mucopolysaccharidosis VII dogs. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:319-28. [PMID: 23856419 PMCID: PMC3800211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is due to the deficient activity of β-glucuronidase (GUSB) and results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in lysosomes and multisystemic disease with cardiovascular manifestations. The goal here was to determine the pathogenesis of mitral valve (MV) disease in MPS VII dogs. Untreated MPS VII dogs had a marked reduction in the histochemical signal for structurally-intact collagen in the MV at 6 months of age, when mitral regurgitation had developed. Electron microscopy demonstrated that collagen fibrils were of normal diameter, but failed to align into large parallel arrays. mRNA analysis demonstrated a modest reduction in the expression of genes that encode collagen or collagen-associated proteins such as the proteoglycan decorin which helps collagen fibrils assemble, and a marked increase for genes that encode proteases such as cathepsins. Indeed, enzyme activity for cathepsin B (CtsB) was 19-fold normal. MPS VII dogs that received neonatal intravenous injection of a gamma retroviral vector had an improved signal for structurally-intact collagen, and reduced CtsB activity relative to that seen in untreated MPS VII dogs. We conclude that MR in untreated MPS VII dogs was likely due to abnormalities in MV collagen structure. This could be due to upregulation of enzymes that degrade collagen or collagen-associated proteins, to the accumulation of GAGs that compete with proteoglycans such as decorin for binding to collagen, or to other causes. Further delineation of the etiology of abnormal collagen structure may lead to treatments that improve biomechanical properties of the MV and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Bigg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Genetica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Meg M. Sleeper
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia A. O'Donnell
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanqing Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Venkata R.P. Rokkam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Yuli Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Genetica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Margret L. Casal
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark E. Haskins
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine P. Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
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de Oliveira PG, Baldo G, Mayer FQ, Martinelli B, Meurer L, Giugliani R, Matte U, Xavier RM. Characterization of joint disease in mucopolysaccharidosis type I mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:305-11. [PMID: 23786352 PMCID: PMC3781776 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are lysosomal storage disorders characterized by mutations in enzymes that degrade glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Joint disease is present in most forms of MPS, including MPS I. This work aimed to describe the joint disease progression in the murine model of MPS I. Normal (wild-type) and MPS I mice were sacrificed at different time points (from 2 to 12 months). The knee joints were collected, and haematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the articular architecture. Safranin-O and Sirius Red staining was used to analyse the proteoglycan and collagen content. Additionally, we analysed the expression of the matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, using immunohistochemistry. We observed progressive joint alterations from 6 months, including the presence of synovial inflammatory infiltrate, the destruction and thickening of the cartilage extracellular matrix, as well as proteoglycan and collagen depletion. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which could conceivably explain the degenerative changes. Our results suggest that the joint disease in MPS I mice may be caused by a degenerative process due to increase in proteases expression, leading to loss of collagen and proteoglycans. These results may guide the development of ancillary therapies for joint disease in MPS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G de Oliveira
- Programa de pós-graduação em medicina: ciências medicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Xing EM, Knox VW, O'Donnell PA, Sikura T, Liu Y, Wu S, Casal ML, Haskins ME, Ponder KP. The effect of neonatal gene therapy on skeletal manifestations in mucopolysaccharidosis VII dogs after a decade. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 109:183-93. [PMID: 23628461 PMCID: PMC3690974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII is a lysosomal storage disease due to deficient activity of β-glucuronidase (GUSB), and results in glycosaminoglycan accumulation. Skeletal manifestations include bone dysplasia, degenerative joint disease, and growth retardation. One gene therapy approach for MPS VII involves neonatal intravenous injection of a gamma retroviral vector expressing GUSB, which results in stable expression in liver and secretion of enzyme into blood at levels predicted to be similar or higher to enzyme replacement therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of neonatal gene therapy on skeletal manifestations in MPS VII dogs. Treated MPS VII dogs could walk throughout their lives, while untreated MPS VII dogs could not stand beyond 6 months and were dead by 2 years. Luxation of the coxofemoral joint and the patella, dysplasia of the acetabulum and supracondylar ridge, deep erosions of the distal femur, and synovial hyperplasia were reduced, and the quality of articular bone was improved in treated dogs at 6 to 11 years of age compared with untreated MPS VII dogs at 2 years or less. However, treated dogs continued to have osteophyte formation, cartilage abnormalities, and an abnormal gait. Enzyme activity was found near synovial blood vessels, and there was 2% as much GUSB activity in synovial fluid as in serum. We conclude that neonatal gene therapy reduces skeletal abnormalities in MPS VII dogs, but clinically-relevant abnormalities remain. Enzyme replacement therapy will probably have similar limitations long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Baldo G, Mayer FQ, Martinelli BZ, de Carvalho TG, Meyer FS, de Oliveira PG, Meurer L, Tavares A, Matte U, Giugliani R. Enzyme replacement therapy started at birth improves outcome in difficult-to-treat organs in mucopolysaccharidosis I mice. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 109:33-40. [PMID: 23562162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since we previously observed that in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) the storage of undegraded glycosaminoglycans (GAG) occurs from birth, in the present study we aimed to compare normal, untreated MPS I mice (knockout for alpha-l-iduronidase-IDUA), and MPS I mice treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT, Laronidase, 1.2mg/kg every 2 weeks) started from birth (ERT-neo) or from 2 months of age (ERT-ad). All mice were sacrificed at 6 months. Both treatments were equally effective in normalizing GAG levels in the viscera but had no detectable effect on the joint. Heart function was also improved with both treatments. On the other hand, mice treated from birth presented better outcomes in the difficult-to-treat aortas and heart valves. Surprisingly, both groups had improvements in behavior tests, and normalization of GAG levels in the brain and IDUA injection resulted in detectable levels of enzyme in the brain tissue 1h after administration. ERT-ad mice developed significantly more anti-IDUA-IgG antibodies, and mice that didn't develop antibodies had better performances in behavior tests, indicating that development of antibodies may reduce enzyme bioavailability. Our results suggest that ERT started from birth leads to better outcomes in the aorta and heart valves, as well as a reduction in antibody levels. Some poor vascularized organs, such as the joints, had partial or no benefit and ancillary therapies might be needed for patients. The results presented here support the idea that ERT started from birth leads to better treatment outcomes and should be considered whenever possible, a observation that gains relevance as newborn screening programs are being considered for MPS and other treatable lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Baldo
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Baldo G, Wozniak DF, Ohlemiller KK, Zhang Y, Giugliani R, Ponder KP. Retroviral-vector-mediated gene therapy to mucopolysaccharidosis I mice improves sensorimotor impairments and other behavioral deficits. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:499-512. [PMID: 22983812 PMCID: PMC3548941 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease due to α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency that results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Systemic gene therapy to MPS I mice can reduce lysosomal storage in the brain, but few data are available regarding the effect upon behavioral function. We investigated the effect of gene therapy with a long-terminal-repeat (LTR)-intact retroviral vector or a self-inactivating (SIN) vector on behavioral function in MPS I mice. The LTR vector was injected intravenously to 6-week-old MPS I mice, and the SIN vector was given to neonatal or 6-week-old mice. Adult-LTR, neonatal-SIN, and adult-SIN-treated mice achieved serum IDUA activity of 235 ± 20 (84-fold normal), 127 ± 10, and 71 ± 7 U/ml, respectively. All groups had reduction in histochemical evidence of lysosomal storage in the brain, with the adult-LTR group showing the best response, while adult-LTR mice had reductions in lysosomal storage in the cristae of the vestibular system. Behavioral evaluation was performed at 8 months. Untreated MPS I mice had a markedly reduced ability to hold onto an inverted screen or climb down a pole. LTR-vector-treated mice had marked improvements on both of these tests, whereas neonatal-SIN mice showed improvement in the pole test. We conclude that both vectors can reduce brain disease in MPS I mice, with the LTR vector achieving higher serum IDUA levels and better correction. Vestibular abnormalities may contribute to mobility problems in patients with MPS I, and gene therapy may reduce symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Baldo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David F. Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Kevin K. Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Katherine P. Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
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Smith LJ, Martin JT, O'Donnell P, Wang P, Elliott DM, Haskins ME, Ponder KP. Effect of neonatal gene therapy on lumbar spine disease in mucopolysaccharidosis VII dogs. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:145-52. [PMID: 22510705 PMCID: PMC3429794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is due to deficient β-glucuronidase (GUSB) activity, which leads to accumulation of chondroitin, heparan, and dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans in various tissues including those of the spine. Associated spine disease can be due to abnormalities in the vertebrae, the intervertebral disks, or other spine tissues. The goal of this study was to determine if neonatal gene therapy could prevent lumbar spine disease in MPS VII dogs. MPS VII dogs were injected intravenously with a retroviral vector (RV) expressing canine GUSB at 2 to 3 days after birth, which resulted in transduction of hepatocytes that secreted GUSB into blood. Expression was stable for up to 11 years, and mean survival was increased from 0.4 years in untreated dogs to 6.1 years in treated dogs. Despite a profound positive clinical effect, 6-month-old RV-treated MPS VII dogs still had hypoplastic ventral epiphyses with reduced calcification in the lumbar spine, which resulted in a reduced stiffness and increased range of motion that were not improved relative to untreated MPS VII dogs. At six to 11 years of age, ventral vertebrae remained hypoplastic in RV-treated MPS VII dogs, and there was desiccation of the nucleus pulposus in some disks. Histochemical staining demonstrated that disks did not have detectable GUSB activity despite high serum GUSB activity, which is likely due to poor diffusion into this relatively avascular structure. Thus, neonatal gene therapy cannot prevent lumbar spine disease in MPS VII dogs, which predicts that enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) will similarly be relatively ineffective even if started at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Smith LJ, Baldo G, Wu S, Liu Y, Whyte MP, Giugliani R, Elliott DM, Haskins ME, Ponder KP. Pathogenesis of lumbar spine disease in mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 107:153-60. [PMID: 22513347 PMCID: PMC3428127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) is characterized by deficient β-glucuronidase (GUSB) activity, which leads to accumulation of chondroitin, heparan and dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and multisystemic disease. MPS VII patients can develop kypho-scoliotic deformity and spinal cord compression due to disease of intervertebral disks, vertebral bodies, and associated tissues. We have previously demonstrated in MPS VII dogs that intervertebral disks degenerate, vertebral bodies have irregular surfaces, and vertebral body epiphyses have reduced calcification, but the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these changes are unclear. We hypothesized that some of these manifestations could be due to upregulation of destructive proteases, possibly via the binding of GAGs to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as has been proposed for other tissues in MPS models. In this study, the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disk of 6-month-old MPS VII dogs had cathepsin B and K activities that were 117- and 2-fold normal, respectively, which were associated with elevations in mRNA levels for these cathepsins as well as TLR4. The epiphyses of MPS VII dogs had a marked elevation in mRNA for the cartilage-associated gene collagen II, consistent with a developmental delay in the conversion of the cartilage to bone in this region. The spine obtained at autopsy from a young man with MPS VII exhibited similar increased cartilage in the vertebral bodies adjacent to the end plates, disorganization of the intervertebral disks, and irregular vertebral end plate morphology. These data suggest that the pathogenesis of destructive changes in the spine in MPS VII may involve upregulation of cathepsins. Inhibition of destructive proteases, such as cathepsins, might reduce spine disease in patients with MPS VII or related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Niinimaki E, Paavonen T, Valo T, Tarkka M, Mennander A. Lack of C4d deposition may reveal susceptibility for ascending aortic dissection. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2012; 46:177-82. [DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2012.663502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ponder KP, O'Malley TM, Wang P, O'Donnell PA, Traas AM, Knox VW, Aguirre GA, Ellinwood NM, Metcalf JA, Wang B, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Sleeper MM, Brooks DA, Hopwood JJ, Haskins ME. Neonatal gene therapy with a gamma retroviral vector in mucopolysaccharidosis VI cats. Mol Ther 2012; 20:898-907. [PMID: 22395531 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI is due to a deficiency in the activity of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (4S), also known as arylsulfatase B. Previously, retroviral vector (RV)-mediated neonatal gene therapy reduced the clinical manifestations of MPS I and MPS VII in mice and dogs. However, sulfatases require post-translational modification by sulfatase-modifying factors. MPS VI cats were injected intravenously (i.v.) with a gamma RV-expressing feline 4S, resulting in 5 ± 3 copies of RV per 100 cells in liver. Liver and serum 4S activity were 1,450 ± 1,720 U/mg (26-fold normal) and 107 ± 60 U/ml (13-fold normal), respectively, and were directly proportional to the liver 4S protein levels for individual cats. This study suggests that sulfatase-modifying factor (SUMF) activity in liver was sufficient to result in active enzyme despite overexpression of 4S. RV-treated MPS VI cats achieved higher body weights and longer appendicular skeleton lengths, had reduced articular cartilage erosion, and reduced aortic valve thickening and aortic dilatation compared with untreated MPS VI cats, although cervical vertebral bone lengths were not improved. This demonstrates that therapeutic expression of a functional sulfatase protein can be achieved with neonatal gene therapy using a gamma RV, but some aspects of bone disease remain difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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