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Pasculli G, Busan P, Jackson ES, Alm PA, De Gregorio D, Maguire GA, Goodwin GM, Gobbi G, Erritzoe D, Carhart-Harris RL. Psychedelics in developmental stuttering to modulate brain functioning: a new therapeutic perspective? Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1402549. [PMID: 38962146 PMCID: PMC11221540 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1402549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental stuttering (DS) is a neurodevelopmental speech-motor disorder characterized by symptoms such as blocks, repetitions, and prolongations. Persistent DS often has a significant negative impact on quality of life, and interventions for it have limited efficacy. Herein, we briefly review existing research on the neurophysiological underpinnings of DS -specifically, brain metabolic and default mode/social-cognitive networks (DMN/SCN) anomalies- arguing that psychedelic compounds might be considered and investigated (e.g., in randomized clinical trials) for treatment of DS. The neural background of DS is likely to be heterogeneous, and some contribution from genetically determinants of metabolic deficiencies in the basal ganglia and speech-motor cortical regions are thought to play a role in appearance of DS symptoms, which possibly results in a cascade of events contributing to impairments in speech-motor execution. In persistent DS, the difficulties of speech are often linked to a series of associated aspects such as social anxiety and social avoidance. In this context, the SCN and DMN (also influencing a series of fronto-parietal, somato-motor, and attentional networks) may have a role in worsening dysfluencies. Interestingly, brain metabolism and SCN/DMN connectivity can be modified by psychedelics, which have been shown to improve clinical evidence of some psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc.) associated with psychological constructs such as rumination and social anxiety, which also tend to be present in persistent DS. To date, while there have been no controlled trials on the effects of psychedelics in DS, anecdotal evidence suggests that these agents may have beneficial effects on stuttering and its associated characteristics. We suggest that psychedelics warrant investigation in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pasculli
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering (DIAG), La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Italian Society of Psychedelic Medicine (Società Italiana di Medicina Psichedelica–SIMePsi), Bari, Italy
| | | | - Eric S. Jackson
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Per A. Alm
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerald A. Maguire
- School of Medicine, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA, United States
- CenExel CIT Research, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Guy M. Goodwin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Erritzoe
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L. Carhart-Harris
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Psychedelics Division, Neuroscape, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Morgan AT, Scerri TS, Vogel AP, Reid CA, Quach M, Jackson VE, McKenzie C, Burrows EL, Bennett MF, Turner SJ, Reilly S, Horton SE, Block S, Kefalianos E, Frigerio-Domingues C, Sainz E, Rigbye KA, Featherby TJ, Richards KL, Kueh A, Herold MJ, Corbett MA, Gecz J, Helbig I, Thompson-Lake DGY, Liégeois FJ, Morell RJ, Hung A, Drayna D, Scheffer IE, Wright DK, Bahlo M, Hildebrand MS. Stuttering associated with a pathogenic variant in the chaperone protein cyclophilin 40. Brain 2023; 146:5086-5097. [PMID: 37977818 PMCID: PMC10689913 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stuttering is a common speech disorder that interrupts speech fluency and tends to cluster in families. Typically, stuttering is characterized by speech sounds, words or syllables which may be repeated or prolonged and speech that may be further interrupted by hesitations or 'blocks'. Rare variants in a small number of genes encoding lysosomal pathway proteins have been linked to stuttering. We studied a large four-generation family in which persistent stuttering was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with disruption of the cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamo-cortical network found on imaging. Exome sequencing of three affected family members revealed the PPID c.808C>T (p.Pro270Ser) variant that segregated with stuttering in the family. We generated a Ppid p.Pro270Ser knock-in mouse model and performed ex vivo imaging to assess for brain changes. Diffusion-weighted MRI in the mouse revealed significant microstructural changes in the left corticospinal tract, as previously implicated in stuttering. Quantitative susceptibility mapping also detected changes in cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loop tissue composition, consistent with findings in affected family members. This is the first report to implicate a chaperone protein in the pathogenesis of stuttering. The humanized Ppid murine model recapitulates network findings observed in affected family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T Morgan
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas S Scerri
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Adam P Vogel
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience of Speech, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3053, Australia
- Clinical Trials, Redenlab Inc., Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Christopher A Reid
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 3052, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
| | - Mara Quach
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Victoria E Jackson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Chaseley McKenzie
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 3052, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Emma L Burrows
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 3052, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Mark F Bennett
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
| | | | - Sheena Reilly
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, 4215 Southport, Australia
| | - Sarah E Horton
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Susan Block
- Discipline of Speech Pathology, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia
| | - Elaina Kefalianos
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Carlos Frigerio-Domingues
- Laboratory of Communication Disorders, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2320, USA
| | - Eduardo Sainz
- Laboratory of Communication Disorders, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2320, USA
| | - Kristin A Rigbye
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
| | - Travis J Featherby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 3052, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Kay L Richards
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 3052, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Mark A Corbett
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Neurogenetics Research Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Neurogenetics Research Program, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daisy G Y Thompson-Lake
- Developmental Neurosciences Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Frédérique J Liégeois
- Developmental Neurosciences Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robert J Morell
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Dennis Drayna
- Laboratory of Communication Disorders, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2320, USA
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 3052, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
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Algaidi SA, Sunyur AM, Alshenqiti KM. Dyslexia and Stuttering: An Overview of Processing Deficits and the Relationship Between Them. Cureus 2023; 15:e47051. [PMID: 38021798 PMCID: PMC10644203 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stuttering and dyslexia are two processing deficits that have an impact on a person's social and academic lives, especially as they usually affect the pediatric population more than adults. Even though they affect different domains, they have similar characteristics in their pathogenesis, epidemiology, and impact on life. Both disorders represent a considerable percentage of the population worldwide and locally in Saudi Arabia, and they have similar epidemiological trends. Family history, genetic factors, early fetal and neonatal factors, and environmental factors are all identified as risk factors for both conditions. Moreover, it has been established that both diseases share a common genetic and anatomical basis, along with a mutual disruption of diadochokinetic skills. While rehabilitative techniques can be used in both conditions, stuttering could also benefit from pharmacological interventions. This review emphasizes that extensive research should be done to explore both of these conditions as they impact different areas of one's life and the relationship between them to better understand their pathophysiological origins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal M Sunyur
- Medicine and Surgery, Taibah University, Medina, SAU
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Dhanalakshmi M, Sruthi D, Jinuraj KR, Das K, Dave S, Andal NM, Das J. Mannose: a potential saccharide candidate in disease management. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:391-408. [PMID: 36694836 PMCID: PMC9852811 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There are a plethora of antibiotic resistance cases and humans are marching towards another big survival test of evolution along with drastic climate change and infectious diseases. Ever since the first antibiotic [penicillin], and the myriad of vaccines, we were privileged to escape many infectious disease threats. The survival technique of pathogens seems rapidly changing and sometimes mimicking our own systems in such a perfect manner that we are left unarmed against them. Apart from searching for natural alternatives, repurposing existing drugs more effectively is becoming a familiar approach to new therapeutic opportunities. The ingenious use of revolutionary artificial intelligence-enabled drug discovery techniques is coping with the speed of such alterations. D-Mannose is a great hope as a nutraceutical in drug discovery, against CDG, diabetes, obesity, lung disease, and autoimmune diseases and recent findings of anti-tumor activity make it interesting along with its role in drug delivery enhancing techniques. A very unique work done in the present investigation is the collection of data from the ChEMBL database and presenting the targetable proteins on pathogens as well as on humans. It shows Mannose has 50 targets and the majority of them are on human beings. The structure and conformation of certain monosaccharides have a decisive role in receptor pathogen interactions and here we attempt to review the multifaceted roles of Mannose sugar, its targets associated with different diseases, as a natural molecule having many success stories as a drug and future hope for disease management. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dhanalakshmi
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046 Tamil Nadu India
| | - D. Sruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012 India
| | - K. R. Jinuraj
- OSPF-NIAS Drug Discovery Lab, NIAS, IISc Campus, Bengaluru, 560012 India
| | - Kajari Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-3, Odisha India
| | - Sushma Dave
- Department of Applied Sciences, JIET, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India
| | - N. Muthulakshmi Andal
- Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, 641004 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jayashankar Das
- Valnizen Healthcare, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056 Maharashtra India
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Family-Based Whole-Exome Analysis of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) Identifies Rare Variants in BUD13, a Component of the Retention and Splicing (RES) Complex. Brain Sci 2021; 12:brainsci12010047. [PMID: 35053791 PMCID: PMC8773923 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific language impairment (SLI) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) that displays high heritability estimates. Genetic studies have identified several loci, but the molecular basis of SLI remains unclear. With the aim to better understand the genetic architecture of SLI, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a single family (ID: 489; n = 11). We identified co-segregating rare variants in three new genes: BUD13, APLP2, and NDRG2. To determine the significance of these genes in SLI, we Sanger sequenced all coding regions of each gene in unrelated individuals with SLI (n = 175). We observed 13 additional rare variants in 18 unrelated individuals. Variants in BUD13 reached genome-wide significance (p-value < 0.01) upon comparison with similar variants in the 1000 Genomes Project, providing gene level evidence that BUD13 is involved in SLI. Additionally, five BUD13 variants showed cohesive variant level evidence of likely pathogenicity. Bud13 is a component of the retention and splicing (RES) complex. Additional supportive evidence from studies of an animal model (loss-of-function mutations in BUD13 caused a profound neural phenotype) and individuals with an NDD phenotype (carrying a CNV spanning BUD13), indicates BUD13 could be a target for investigation of the neural basis of language.
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Nishiyama KV, Satta Y, Gojobori J. Do Genes Associated with Dyslexia of Chinese Characters Evolve Neutrally? Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060658. [PMID: 32560373 PMCID: PMC7349701 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslexia, or reading disability, is found to have a genetic basis, and several related genes have been reported. We investigated whether natural selection has acted on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were reported to be associated with risk/non-risk for the reading disability of Chinese characters. We applied recently developed 2D SFS-based statistics to SNP data of East Asian populations to examine whether there is any sign of selective sweep. While neutrality was not rejected for most SNPs, significant signs of selection were detected for two linkage disequilibrium (LD) regions containing the reported SNPs of GNPTAB and DCDC2. Furthermore, we searched for a selection target site among the SNPs in these LD regions, because a causal site is not necessarily a reported SNP but could instead be a tightly linked site. In both LD regions, we found candidate target sites, which may have an effect on expression regulation and have been selected, although which genes these SNPs affect remains unknown. Because most people were not engaged in reading until recently, it is unlikely that there has been selective pressure on reading ability itself. Consistent with this, our results suggest a possibility of genetic hitchhiking, whereby alleles of the reported SNPs may have increased in frequency together with the selected target, which could have functions for other genes and traits apart from reading ability.
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Benito-Aragón C, Gonzalez-Sarmiento R, Liddell T, Diez I, d'Oleire Uquillas F, Ortiz-Terán L, Bueichekú E, Chow HM, Chang SE, Sepulcre J. Neurofilament-lysosomal genetic intersections in the cortical network of stuttering. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 184:101718. [PMID: 31669185 PMCID: PMC6938554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The neurobiological underpinnings of stuttering, a speech disorder characterized by disrupted speech fluency, remain unclear. While recent developments in the field have afforded researchers the ability to pinpoint several genetic profiles associated with stuttering, how these specific genetic backgrounds impact neuronal circuits and how they generate or facilitate the emergence of stuttered speech remains unknown. In this study, we identified the large-scale cortical network that characterizes stuttering using functional connectivity MRI and graph theory. We performed a spatial similarity analysis that examines whether the topology of the stuttering cortical network intersects with genetic expression levels of previously reported genes for stuttering from the protein-coding transcriptome data of the Allen Human Brain Atlas. We found that GNPTG - a gene involved in the mannose-6-phosphate lysosomal targeting pathways - was significantly co-localized with the stuttering cortical network. An enrichment analysis demonstrated that the genes identified with the stuttering cortical network shared a significantly overrepresented biological functionality of Neurofilament Cytoskeleton Organization (NEFH, NEFL and INA). The relationship between lysosomal pathways, cytoskeleton organization, and stuttering, was investigated by comparing the genetic interactome between GNPTG and the neurofilament genes implicated in the current study. We found that genes of the interactome network, including CDK5, SNCA, and ACTB, act as functional links between lysosomal and neurofilament genes. These findings support the notion that stuttering is due to a lysosomal dysfunction, which has deleterious effects on the neurofilament organization of the speech neuronal circuits. They help to elucidate the intriguing, unsolved link between lysosomal mutations and the presence of stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Benito-Aragón
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; University of Navarra School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gonzalez-Sarmiento
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; University of Navarra School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Thomas Liddell
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Ibai Diez
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neurotechnology Laboratory, Tecnalia Health Department, Tecnalia, Derio, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Federico d'Oleire Uquillas
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Ortiz-Terán
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisenda Bueichekú
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ho Ming Chow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA; Katzin Diagnostic and Research PET/MRI Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Soo-Eun Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA; Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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Ajdacic-Gross V, Bechtiger L, Rodgers S, Müller M, Kawohl W, von Känel R, Mutsch M, Rössler W, Seifritz E, Castelao E, Strippoli MPF, Vandeleur C, Preisig M, Howell P. Subtypes of stuttering determined by latent class analysis in two Swiss epidemiological surveys. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198450. [PMID: 30086147 PMCID: PMC6080750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Associations between stuttering in childhood and a broad spectrum of risk factors, associated factors and comorbidities were examined in two large epidemiological studies. Subtypes of stuttering were then identified based on latent class analysis (LCA). Methods Data were from two representative Swiss population samples: PsyCoLaus (N = 4,874, age 35–82 years) and the ZInEP Epidemiology Survey (N = 1,500, age 20–41 years). Associations between stuttering and sociodemographic characteristics, familial aggregation, comorbidity and psychosocial risk / associated factors were investigated in both samples. LCAs were conducted on selected items from people in both samples who reported having stuttered in childhood. Results Initial analyses linked early anxiety disorders, such as separation anxiety disorder and overanxious disorder, to stuttering (PsyCoLaus). ADHD was associated with stuttering in both datasets. In the analyses of risk / associated factors, dysfunctional parental relationships, inter-parental violence and further childhood adversities were mutual predictors of stuttering. Moreover, comorbidities were seen with hay fever, asthma, eczema and psoriasis (PsyCoLaus). Subsequent LCA identified an unspecific group of persons who self-reported that they stuttered and a group defined by associations with psychosocial adversities (ZINEP, PsyCoLaus) and atopic diseases (PsyCoLaus). Conclusions The two subtypes of developmental stuttering have different risk / associated factors and comorbidity patterns. Most of the factors are associated with vulnerability mechanisms that occur early in life and that have also been linked with other neurodevelopmental disorders. Both psychosocial and biological factors appear to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- ZInEP, The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (VA); (PH)
| | - Laura Bechtiger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Rodgers
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- ZInEP, The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- ZInEP, The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- ZInEP, The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margot Mutsch
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- ZInEP, The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Collegium Helveticum, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | | | - Caroline Vandeleur
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Peter Howell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (VA); (PH)
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9
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Boyle MP. Personal Perceptions and Perceived Public Opinion About Stuttering in the United States: Implications for Anti-Stigma Campaigns. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2017; 26:921-938. [PMID: 28785764 DOI: 10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This exploratory study was the first to obtain quantitative and qualitative data on both personal perceptions and perceived public opinion about stuttering in order to identify topics to include in anti-stigma programs for stuttering. METHOD Three-hundred ten adults in the United States completed a web survey that assessed knowledge about stuttering and attitudes toward people who stutter (PWS) with questions addressing personal perceptions (direct questions) and perceived public opinion (indirect questions). RESULTS Many participants reported favorable personal perceptions of PWS regarding their intelligence, competence, and potential for success. However, most participants did not personally believe PWS were confident, and most believed they were shy. Perceived public opinion was more unfavorable as a majority agreed that the public is uncomfortable talking with PWS and that the public would recommend PWS avoid jobs requiring high speech demands and avoid talking to large audiences. A minority of participants agreed PWS are perceived publicly as capable or mentally healthy. CONCLUSIONS The survey demonstrated misunderstandings and negative perceptions of PWS, especially when measured with perceived public opinion. Results can increase our understanding of content areas that should be included in anti-stigma programs for stuttering and highlight different methods for analyzing public perceptions of stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Boyle
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State University, Bloomfield, New Jersey
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10
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Busan P, Battaglini P, Sommer M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in developmental stuttering: Relations with previous neurophysiological research and future perspectives. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:952-964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Frigerio-Domingues C, Drayna D. Genetic contributions to stuttering: the current evidence. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:95-102. [PMID: 28361094 PMCID: PMC5370225 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence for genetic factors in persistent developmental stuttering has accumulated over the past four decades, and the genes that underlie this disorder are starting to be identified. The genes identified to date, all point to deficits in intracellular trafficking in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Frigerio-Domingues
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Porter Neuroscience Research Center National Institutes of Health
| | - Dennis Drayna
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Porter Neuroscience Research Center National Institutes of Health
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12
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Mawson AR, Radford NT, Jacob B. Toward a Theory of Stuttering. Eur Neurol 2016; 76:244-251. [PMID: 27750253 DOI: 10.1159/000452215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stuttering affects about 1% of the general population and from 8 to 11% of children. The onset of persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) typically occurs between 2 and 4 years of age. The etiology of stuttering is unknown and a unifying hypothesis is lacking. Clues to the pathogenesis of stuttering include the following observations: PDS is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and birth-associated trauma; stuttering can recur or develop in adulthood following traumatic events such as brain injury and stroke; PDS is associated with structural and functional abnormalities in the brain associated with speech and language; and stuttering resolves spontaneously in a high percentage of affected children. Evidence marshaled from the literature on stuttering and from related sources suggests the hypothesis that stuttering is a neuro-motor disorder resulting from perinatal or later-onset hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII), and that chronic stuttering and its behavioral correlates are manifestations of recurrent transient ischemic episodes affecting speech-motor pathways. The hypothesis could be tested by comparing children who stutter and nonstutterers (controls) in terms of the occurrence of perinatal trauma, based on birth records, and by determining rates of stuttering in children exposed to HII during the perinatal period. Subject to testing, the hypothesis suggests that interventions to increase brain perfusion directly could be effective both in the treatment of stuttering and its prevention at the time of birth or later trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Mawson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Initiative), Jackson State University, Jackson, Miss., USA
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13
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Dediu D, Christiansen MH. Language Evolution: Constraints and Opportunities From Modern Genetics. Top Cogn Sci 2016; 8:361-70. [DOI: 10.1111/tops.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dediu
- Language and Genetics Department; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
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14
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Chen H, Xu J, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Wang G, Xia J, Huen MSY, Siok WT, Jiang Y, Tan LH, Sun Y. Association study of stuttering candidate genes GNPTAB, GNPTG and NAGPA with dyslexia in Chinese population. BMC Genet 2015; 16:7. [PMID: 25643770 PMCID: PMC4342093 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslexia is a polygenic speech and language disorder characterized by an unexpected difficulty in reading in children and adults despite normal intelligence and schooling. Increasing evidence reveals that different speech and language disorders could share common genetic factors. As previous study reported association of GNPTAB, GNPTG and NAGPA with stuttering, we investigated these genes with dyslexia through association analysis. Results The study was carried out in an unrelated Chinese cohort with 502 dyslexic individuals and 522 healthy controls. In all, 21 Tag SNPs covering GNPTAB, GNPTG and NAGPA were subjected to genotyping. Association analysis was performed on all SNPs. Significant association of rs17031962 in GNPTAB and rs882294 in NAGPA with developmental dyslexia was identified after FDR correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion Our results revealed that the stuttering risk genes GNPTAB and NAGPA might also associate with developmental dyslexia in the Chinese population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0172-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Junquan Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China. .,CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China. .,CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yong Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China. .,CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Guoqing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China. .,CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jiguang Xia
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China. .,CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai Ting Siok
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,School of Humanities, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Li Hai Tan
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Detection and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yimin Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206, China. .,CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, 102206, China. .,The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China. .,Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China.
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15
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Condro MC, White SA. Recent Advances in the Genetics of Vocal Learning. COMPARATIVE COGNITION & BEHAVIOR REVIEWS 2014; 9:75-98. [PMID: 26052371 DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2014.90003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Language is a complex communicative behavior unique to humans, and its genetic basis is poorly understood. Genes associated with human speech and language disorders provide some insights, originating with the FOXP2 transcription factor, a mutation in which is the source of an inherited form of developmental verbal dyspraxia. Subsequently, targets of FOXP2 regulation have been associated with speech and language disorders, along with other genes. Here, we review these recent findings that implicate genetic factors in human speech. Due to the exclusivity of language to humans, no single animal model is sufficient to study the complete behavioral effects of these genes. Fortunately, some animals possess subcomponents of language. One such subcomponent is vocal learning, which though rare in the animal kingdom, is shared with songbirds. We therefore discuss how songbird studies have contributed to the current understanding of genetic factors that impact human speech, and support the continued use of this animal model for such studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Condro
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Stephanie A White
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles
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16
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Quand la génétique bouleverse la nosologie : le cas des formes cliniques du bégaiement. ENFANCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4074/s0013754513003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Genetic insights into the functional elements of language. Hum Genet 2013; 132:959-86. [PMID: 23749164 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Language disorders cover a wide range of conditions with heterologous and overlapping phenotypes and complex etiologies harboring both genetic and environmental influences. Genetic approaches including the identification of genes linked to speech and language phenotypes and the characterization of normal and aberrant functions of these genes have, in recent years, unraveled complex details of molecular and cognitive mechanisms and provided valuable insight into the biological foundations of language. Consistent with this approach, we have reviewed the functional aspects of allelic variants of genes which are currently known to be either causally associated with disorders of speech and language or impact upon the spectrum of normal language ability. We have also reviewed candidate genes associated with heritable speech and language disorders. In addition, we have evaluated language phenotypes and associated genetic components in developmental syndromes that, together with a spectrum of altered language abilities, manifest various phenotypes and offer details of multifactorial determinants of language function. Data from this review have revealed a predominance of regulatory networks involved in the control of differentiation and functioning of neurons, neuronal tracks and connections among brain structures associated with both cognitive and language faculties. Our findings, furthermore, have highlighted several multifactorial determinants in overlapping speech and language phenotypes. Collectively this analysis has revealed an interconnected developmental network and a close association of the language faculty with cognitive functions, a finding that has the potential to provide insight into linguistic hypotheses defining in particular, the contribution of genetic elements to and the modular nature of the language faculty.
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