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Gariballa N, Mohamed F, Badawi S, Ali BR. The double whammy of ER-retention and dominant-negative effects in numerous autosomal dominant diseases: significance in disease mechanisms and therapy. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:64. [PMID: 38937821 PMCID: PMC11210014 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) employs stringent quality control mechanisms to ensure the integrity of protein folding, allowing only properly folded, processed and assembled proteins to exit the ER and reach their functional destinations. Mutant proteins unable to attain their correct tertiary conformation or form complexes with their partners are retained in the ER and subsequently degraded through ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and associated mechanisms. ER retention contributes to a spectrum of monogenic diseases with diverse modes of inheritance and molecular mechanisms. In autosomal dominant diseases, when mutant proteins get retained in the ER, they can interact with their wild-type counterparts. This interaction may lead to the formation of mixed dimers or aberrant complexes, disrupting their normal trafficking and function in a dominant-negative manner. The combination of ER retention and dominant-negative effects has been frequently documented to cause a significant loss of functional proteins, thereby exacerbating disease severity. This review aims to examine existing literature and provide insights into the impact of dominant-negative effects exerted by mutant proteins retained in the ER in a range of autosomal dominant diseases including skeletal and connective tissue disorders, vascular disorders, neurological disorders, eye disorders and serpinopathies. Most crucially, we aim to emphasize the importance of this area of research, offering substantial potential for understanding the factors influencing phenotypic variability associated with genetic variants. Furthermore, we highlight current and prospective therapeutic approaches targeted at ameliorating the effects of mutations exhibiting dominant-negative effects. These approaches encompass experimental studies exploring treatments and their translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Gariballa
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feda Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sally Badawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Aponte JD, Bannister JJ, Hoskens H, Matthews H, Katsura K, Da Silva C, Cruz T, Pilz JHM, Spritz RA, Forkert ND, Claes P, Bernier FP, Klein OD, Katz DC, Hallgrímsson B. An interactive atlas of three-dimensional syndromic facial morphology. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:39-47. [PMID: 38181734 PMCID: PMC10806736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial phenotyping is critical for both syndrome delineation and diagnosis because craniofacial abnormalities occur in 30% of characterized genetic syndromes. Clinical reports, textbooks, and available software tools typically provide two-dimensional, static images and illustrations of the characteristic phenotypes of genetic syndromes. In this work, we provide an interactive web application that provides three-dimensional, dynamic visualizations for the characteristic craniofacial effects of 95 syndromes. Users can visualize syndrome facial appearance estimates quantified from data and easily compare craniofacial phenotypes of different syndromes. Our application also provides a map of morphological similarity between a target syndrome and other syndromes. Finally, users can upload 3D facial scans of individuals and compare them to our syndrome atlas estimates. In summary, we provide an interactive reference for the craniofacial phenotypes of syndromes that allows for precise, individual-specific comparisons of dysmorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Aponte
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; DeepSurface AI Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Hanne Hoskens
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kaitlin Katsura
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassidy Da Silva
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tim Cruz
- DeepSurface AI Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Richard A Spritz
- Department of Pediatrics and the Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nils D Forkert
- Department of Radiology and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francois P Bernier
- Department of Medical Genetics and the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David C Katz
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; DeepSurface AI Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Su Y, Ran CQ, Liu ZL, Yang Y, Yuan G, Hu SH, Yu XF, He WT. Case report: Autosomal recessive type 3 Stickler syndrome caused by compound heterozygous mutations in COL11A2. Front Genet 2023; 14:1154087. [PMID: 37347055 PMCID: PMC10279880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1154087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stickler syndrome (SS) is a group of hereditary collagenopathies caused by a variety of collagen and non-collagen genes. Affected patients have characteristic manifestations involving ophthalmic, articular, craniofacial and auditory disorders. SS is classified into several subtypes according to clinical and molecular features. Type 3 SS is an ultra-rare disease, known as non-ocular SS or otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia (OSMED) with only a few pathogenic COL11A2 variants reported to date. Case presentation: A 29-year-old Chinese male was referred to our hospital for hearing loss and multiple joint pain. He presented a phenotype highly suggestive of OSMED, including progressive sensorineural deafness, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with large epiphyses, platyspondyly, degenerative osteoarthritis, and sunken nasal bridge. We detected compound heterozygous mutations in COL11A2, both of which were predicted to be splicing mutations. One is synonymous mutation c.3774C>T (p.Gly1258Gly) supposed to be a splice site mutation, the other is a novel intron mutation c.4750 + 5 G>A, which is a highly conservative site across several species. We also present a review of the current known pathogenic mutation spectrum of COL11A2 in patients with type 3 SS. Conclusion: Both synonymous extonic and intronic variants are easily overlooked by whole-exome sequencing. For patients with clinical manifestations suspected of SS syndrome, next-generation whole-genome sequencing is necessary for precision diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Qiong Ran
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe-Long Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Hong Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Tao He
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
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4
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Comparing Gene Panels for Non-Retinal Indications: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030738. [PMID: 36981008 PMCID: PMC10047970 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance: The options for genetic testing continue to grow for ocular conditions, including optic atrophy, anterior segment dysgenesis, cataracts, corneal dystrophy, nystagmus, and glaucoma. Gene panels can vary in content and coverage, as we and others have evaluated in inherited retinal disease (IRD). Objective: To describe gene panel testing options for inherited eye disease phenotypes and their differences. This review is important for making diagnostic decisions. Evidence review: A licensed, certified genetic counselor (RP) used Concert Genetics and the search terms optic atrophy, corneal dystrophy, cataract, glaucoma, anterior segment dysgenesis, microphthalmia/anophthalmia, and nystagmus to identify available testing options performed by CLIA-certified commercial genetic testing laboratories. Other co-authors were surveyed with respect to genetic panels used for the indications of interest. Ophthalmic panels were then compared using Concert Genetics in addition to their own websites. Findings: Panels from each clinical category were included and summarized. This comparison highlighted the differences and similarities between panels so that clinicians can make informed decisions. Conclusions: Access to genetic testing is increasing. The diagnostic yield of genetic testing is increasing. Each panel is different, so phenotyping or characterizing clinical characteristics that may help predict a specific genotype, as well as pre-test hypotheses regarding a genotype, should shape the choice of panels.
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Beckley S, Dey R, Stinton S, van der Merwe W, Branch T, September AV, Posthumus M, Collins M. The Association of Variants within Types V and XI Collagen Genes with Knee Joint Laxity Measurements. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122359. [PMID: 36553626 PMCID: PMC9778334 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint laxity is a multifactorial phenotype with a heritable component. Mutations or common polymorphisms within the α1(V) (COL5A1), α1(XI) (COL11A1) and α2(XI) (COL11A2) collagen genes have been reported or proposed to associate with joint hypermobility, range of motion and/or genu recurvatum. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms within these collagen-encoding genes are associated with measurements of knee joint laxity and computed ligament length changes within the non-dominant leg. One hundred and six healthy participants were assessed for genu recurvatum (knee hyperextension), anterior-posterior tibial translation, external-internal tibial rotation and ligament length changes during knee rotation of their non-dominant leg. Participants were genotyped for COL5A1 rs12722 (T/C), COL11A1 rs3753841 (C/T), COL11A1 rs1676486 (T/C) and COL11A2 rs1799907 (A/T). The genotype-genotype combination of any two or more of the four COL5A1 rs12722 CC, COL11A1 rs3753841 CC, COL11A1 rs1676486 TT and COL11A2 rs1799907 AA genotypes was associated with decreased active and passive knee hyperextension. These genotype-genotype combinations, including sex (male), increased age and decreased body mass collectively, also contributed to decreased passive knee hyperextension. These findings suggest that COL5A1, COL11A1 and COL11A2 gene-gene interactions are associated with knee hyperextension measurements of the non-dominant leg of healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Beckley
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS) and the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Roopam Dey
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Shaun Stinton
- End Range of Motion Improvement, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| | - Willem van der Merwe
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS) and the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- Sports Science Orthopaedic Clinic, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Thomas Branch
- End Range of Motion Improvement, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
| | - Alison V. September
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS) and the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Mike Posthumus
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS) and the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS) and the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-650-4574
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Reeck JC, Oxford JT. The Shape of the Jaw-Zebrafish Col11a1a Regulates Meckel's Cartilage Morphogenesis and Mineralization. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10040040. [PMID: 36278545 PMCID: PMC9590009 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the col11a1a gene is essential for normal skeletal development, affecting both cartilage and bone. Loss of function mutations have been shown to cause abnormalities in the growth plate of long bones, as well as in craniofacial development. However, the specific effects on Meckel's cartilage have not been well studied. To further understand the effect of col11a1a gene function, we analyzed the developing jaw in zebrafish using gene knockdown by the injection of an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide using transgenic Tg(sp7:EGFP) and Tg(Fli1a:EGFP) EGFP reporter fish, as well as wildtype AB zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that zebrafish col11a1a knockdown impairs the cellular organization of Meckel's cartilage in the developing jaw and alters the bone formation that occurs adjacent to the Meckel's cartilage. These results suggest roles for Col11a1a protein in cartilage intermediates of bone development, the subsequent mineralization of the bony collar of long bones, and that which occurs adjacent to Meckel's cartilage in the developing jaw.
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Acke FRE, De Leenheer EMR. Hearing Loss in Stickler Syndrome: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091571. [PMID: 36140739 PMCID: PMC9498449 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder characterized by ocular, skeletal, orofacial and auditory manifestations. Its main symptoms are high myopia, retinal detachment, joint hypermobility, early osteoarthritis, cleft palate, midfacial hypoplasia, micrognathia and hearing loss. Large phenotypical variability is apparent and partly explained by the underlying genetic heterogeneity, including collagen genes (COL2A1, COL11A1, COL11A2, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3) and non-collagen genes (BMP4, LRP2, LOXL3). The most frequent type of Stickler syndrome (COL2A1) is characterized by a rather mild high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in about half of the patients. COL11A1- and COL11A2-related Stickler syndrome results in more frequent hearing loss, being moderate and involving all frequencies. Hearing loss in the rarer types of Stickler syndrome depends on the gene expression in the cochlea, with moderate to severe downsloping hearing loss for Stickler syndrome caused by biallelic type IX collagen gene mutations and none or mild hearing loss for the non-collagen genes. Inherent to the orofacial manifestations, middle ear problems and temporary conductive hearing loss, especially at young age, are also prevalent. Consequently, hearing loss should be actively sought for and adequately treated in Stickler syndrome patients given its high prevalence and the concomitant visual impairment in most patients.
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Soh Z, Richards AJ, McNinch A, Alexander P, Martin H, Snead MP. Dominant Stickler Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061089. [PMID: 35741851 PMCID: PMC9222743 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Stickler syndromes are a group of genetic connective tissue disorders associated with an increased risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, deafness, cleft palate, and premature arthritis. This review article focuses on the molecular genetics of the autosomal dominant forms of the disease. Pathogenic variants in COL2A1 causing Stickler syndrome usually result in haploinsufficiency of the protein, whereas pathogenic variants of type XI collagen more usually exert dominant negative effects. The severity of the disease phenotype is thus dependent on the location and nature of the mutation, as well as the normal developmental role of the respective protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zack Soh
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Vitreoretinal Research Group, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; (Z.S.); (A.J.R.); (A.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Allan J. Richards
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Vitreoretinal Research Group, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; (Z.S.); (A.J.R.); (A.M.); (H.M.)
- NHS England Highly Specialised Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Cambridge University, NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Annie McNinch
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Vitreoretinal Research Group, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; (Z.S.); (A.J.R.); (A.M.); (H.M.)
- NHS England Highly Specialised Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Cambridge University, NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Philip Alexander
- NHS England Highly Specialised Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Cambridge University, NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Howard Martin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Vitreoretinal Research Group, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; (Z.S.); (A.J.R.); (A.M.); (H.M.)
- NHS England Highly Specialised Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Cambridge University, NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Martin P. Snead
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Vitreoretinal Research Group, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK; (Z.S.); (A.J.R.); (A.M.); (H.M.)
- NHS England Highly Specialised Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Cambridge University, NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Huang F, Wang TJ, Cho WH, Chen YH, Wu PC, Kuo HK. Mutation survey in Taiwanese patients with Stickler syndrome. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2022; 12:423-429. [PMID: 36660125 PMCID: PMC9843582 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify gene mutation and phenotype correlations in a cohort of Taiwanese patients with Stickler syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients clinically diagnosed with Stickler syndrome or suspected Stickler syndrome were enrolled. DNA was extracted from venous blood samples. For the targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, specific primers were designed for all COL2A1, COL11A1, COL11A2, COL9A1, and COL9A2 exons and flanking intron sequences. RESULTS Twenty-three patients from 12 families were enrolled in this study. The myopia power in these 23 cases (35 eyes) ranged from -4.625 to -25.625 D, with a median of -10.00 D. Four patients had retinal detachment. Fourteen patients had a cleft palate. These 23 patients and 13 healthy controls were enrolled in the NGS study. Three families had significant single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in COL2A1. The mutation rates in this survey were 25% (3/12 families) and 35% (8/23 cases). The SNV of family #1, located at exon 27, c.1753G >T, p. Gly585Val, was novel and has not yet been reported in the ClinVar database. Families #10 and #11 had the same SNV, located in exon 33, c.2101C >T, p. Arg701X. Both variants were classified as likely pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. CONCLUSION Genetic mutations in COL2A1 were found in 25% of Taiwanese families with Stickler syndrome. One novel variant was identified using NGS, which expanded the COL2A1 mutation spectrum. Molecular genetic analysis is helpful to confirm the clinical diagnosis of patients with suspected Stickler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jou Wang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chang Wu
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Kung Kuo
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Hsi-Kung Kuo, Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. E-mail:
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Apgar TL, Sanders CR. Compendium of causative genes and their encoded proteins for common monogenic disorders. Protein Sci 2022; 31:75-91. [PMID: 34515378 PMCID: PMC8740837 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A compendium is presented of inherited monogenic disorders that have a prevalence of >1:20,000 in the human population, along with their causative genes and encoded proteins. "Simple" monogenic diseases are those for which the clinical features are caused by mutations impacting a single gene, usually in a manner that alters the sequence of the encoded protein. Of course, for a given "monogenic disorder", there is sometimes more than one potential disease gene, mutations in any one of which is sufficient to cause phenotypes of that disorder. Disease-causing mutations for monogenic disorders are usually passed on from generation to generation in a Mendelian fashion, and originate from spontaneous (de novo) germline founder mutations. In the past monogenic disorders have often been written off as targets for drug discovery because they sometimes are assumed to be rare disorders, for which the meager projected financial payoff of drug discovery and development has discouraged investment. However, not all monogenic diseases are rare. Here, we report that that currently available data identifies 72 disorders with a prevalence of at least 1 in 20,000 humans. For each, we tabulate the gene(s) for which mutations cause the spectrum of phenotypes associated with that disorder. We also identify the gene and protein that most commonly causes each disease. 34 of these disorders are caused exclusively by mutations in only a single gene and encoded protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker L. Apgar
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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Liu B, Zhao S, Liu L, Du H, Zhao H, Wang S, Niu Y, Li X, Qiu G, Wu Z, Zhang TJ, Wu N. Aberrant interaction between mutated ADAMTSL2 and LTBP4 is associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Gene 2021; 814:146126. [PMID: 34958866 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex spinal structure deformity with a prevalence of 1%-3%. Genetic and hereditary factors have been associated with the etiology of AIS. However, previous studies mainly focused on common single nucleotide polymorphisms which confer modest disease risk. Recently, rare variants in FBN1 and other extracellular matrix genes have been implicated in AIS, suggesting a potential overlapping disease etiology between AIS and hereditary connective tissue disorders (HCTD). In this study, we systematically analyzed rare variants in a set of HCTD-related genes in 302 AIS patients using exome sequencing. We firstly focused on pathogenic variants based on a monogenic inheritance and identified nine disease-associated variants in FBN1, COL11A1, COL11A2 and TGFBR2. We then explored the potential interactions between variants in different genes based on the case-control statistics. We identified three ADAMTSL2-LTBP4 variant pairs in three AIS patients and none in controls. Furthermore, we revealed that the variant pairs identified in these genes could affect the interaction between ADAMTSL2 and LTBP4 and upregulate TGF-β signaling pathway in human fibroblasts. Our findings supported that the aberrant interaction between mutated ADAMTSL2 and LTBP4 was associated with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huakang Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shengru Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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12
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Balikov DA, Jacobson A, Prasov L. Glaucoma Syndromes: Insights into Glaucoma Genetics and Pathogenesis from Monogenic Syndromic Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091403. [PMID: 34573386 PMCID: PMC8471311 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic syndromic disorders frequently feature ocular manifestations, one of which is glaucoma. In many cases, glaucoma in children may go undetected, especially in those that have other severe systemic conditions that affect other parts of the eye and the body. Similarly, glaucoma may be the first presenting sign of a systemic syndrome. Awareness of syndromes associated with glaucoma is thus critical both for medical geneticists and ophthalmologists. In this review, we highlight six categories of disorders that feature glaucoma and other ocular or systemic manifestations: anterior segment dysgenesis syndromes, aniridia, metabolic disorders, collagen/vascular disorders, immunogenetic disorders, and nanophthalmos. The genetics, ocular and systemic features, and current and future treatment strategies are discussed. Findings from rare diseases also uncover important genes and pathways that may be involved in more common forms of glaucoma, and potential novel therapeutic strategies to target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Balikov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (D.A.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Adam Jacobson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (D.A.B.); (A.J.)
| | - Lev Prasov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (D.A.B.); (A.J.)
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Alexander P, Gomersall P, Stancel-Lewis J, Fincham GS, Poulson A, Richards A, McNinch A, Baguley DM, Snead M. Auditory dysfunction in type 2 Stickler Syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:2261-2268. [PMID: 32901364 PMCID: PMC8165062 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the extent and site of lesion of auditory dysfunction in a large cohort of individuals with type 2 Stickler Syndrome. Type 2 Stickler Syndrome results from a mutation in the gene coding for α-1 type XI pro-collagen, which has been identified in the human vitreous, cartilage and the cochlea of the mouse. The condition is characterised by classic ocular abnormalities, auditory dysfunction, osteoarthropathy and oro-facial dysplasia. METHODS This is a population study which used a combination of audiometric, tympanometric, and self-report measures on a series of 65 individuals (mean age 29.2 years, range 3-70, female 63.1%) with genetically confirmed type 2 Stickler Syndrome. RESULTS Hearing impairment was identified in at least one ear for 69% of individuals. Analysis against age-matched normative data showed that reduced hearing sensitivity was present across all test frequencies. Sensorineural hearing loss was most common (77% of ears), with conductive (3%), mixed (7%) and no hearing loss (13%), respectively. The proportion of hypermobile tympanic membranes (24%) was less than previously documented in type 1 Stickler Syndrome. When present, this appears to arise as a direct result of collagen abnormalities in the middle ear. Self-report measures of speech and spatial hearing in sound were comparable to a non-syndromic cohort with similar audiometric thresholds. CONCLUSIONS Auditory impairment in type 2 Stickler Syndrome is predominantly associated with cochlear hearing loss of varying severities across affected individuals. The impact on hearing thresholds can be seen across the frequency range, suggesting a contribution of defective collagen throughout the cochlea. Self-report questionnaires showed that difficulties understanding speech, and spatial information in sound (such as that used for localisation), were worse than a young, normal-hearing population but comparable to a non-syndromic cohort with similar audiometric thresholds. Therefore, it is likely that hearing loss in type 2 Stickler Syndrome arises in the auditory periphery, without significant central processing deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Alexander
- Vitreoretinal Service, Box 41, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS England Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Box 153, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Philip Gomersall
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) West Wing, Oxford Auditory Implant Programme, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jack Stancel-Lewis
- NHS England and NHS Improvement, Wellington House 33-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Gregory Scott Fincham
- Vitreoretinal Service, Box 41, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS England Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Box 153, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Arabella Poulson
- Vitreoretinal Service, Box 41, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS England Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Box 153, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Allan Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
- Regional Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Annie McNinch
- NHS England Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Box 153, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
- Regional Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David M Baguley
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG1 5DU, UK.
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Nottingham Audiology Services, Nottingham University NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG1 3DU, UK.
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Ropewalk House, 113 Ropewalk, Nottingham, NG1 5DU, UK.
| | - Martin Snead
- Vitreoretinal Service, Box 41, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS England Stickler Syndrome Diagnostic Service, Box 153, Cambridge University NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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15
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Kondkar AA. Updates on Genes and Genetic Mechanisms Implicated in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:89-112. [PMID: 33727852 PMCID: PMC7955727 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s274884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is estimated to affect over 30 million people worldwide by 2040 and is highly prevalent in the Asian population. PACG is more severe and carries three times the higher risk of blindness than primary open-angle glaucoma, thus representing a significant public health concern. High heritability and ethnic-specific predisposition to PACG suggest the involvement of genetic factors in disease development. In the recent past, genetic studies have led to the successful identification of several genes and loci associated with PACG across different ethnicities. The precise cellular and molecular roles of these multiple loci in the development and progression of PACG remains to be elucidated. Nonetheless, these studies have significantly increased our understanding of the emerging cellular processes and biological pathways that might provide more significant insights into the disease’s genetic etiology and may be valuable for future clinical applications. This review aims to summarize and update the current knowledge of PACG genetics analysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Handa A, Grigelioniene G, Nishimura G. Radiologic Features of Type II and Type XI Collagenopathies. Radiographics 2020; 41:192-209. [PMID: 33186059 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type II collagen is a major component of the cartilage matrix. Pathogenic variants (ie, disease-causing aberrations) in the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) lead to an abnormal structure of type II collagen, causing a large group of skeletal dysplasias termed type II collagenopathies. Because type II collagen is also located in the vitreous body of the eyes and inner ears, type II collagenopathies are commonly associated with vitreoretinal degeneration and hearing impairment. Type II collagenopathies can be radiologically divided into two major groups: the spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC) group and the Kniest-Stickler group. The SEDC group is characterized by delayed ossification of the juxtatruncal bones, including pear-shaped vertebrae. These collagenopathies comprise achondrogenesis type 2, hypochondrogenesis, SEDC, and other uncommon subtypes. The Kniest-Stickler group is characterized by disordered tubular bone growth that leads to "dumbbell" deformities. It comprises Kniest dysplasia and Stickler dysplasia type 1, whose radiographic manifestations overlap with those of type XI collagenopathies (a group of disorders due to abnormal type XI collagen) such as Stickler dysplasia types 2 and 3. This phenotypic overlap is caused by type II and type XI collagen molecules sharing part of the same connective tissues. The authors describe the diagnostic pathways to type II and type XI collagenopathies and the associated differential diagnoses. In addition, they review the clinical features and genetic bases of these conditions, which radiologists should know to participate in multidisciplinary care and translational research. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Handa
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 (A.H.); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (G.G.); and Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan (G.N.)
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 (A.H.); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (G.G.); and Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan (G.N.)
| | - Gen Nishimura
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 (A.H.); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (G.G.); and Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan (G.N.)
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Boothe M, Morris R, Robin N. Stickler Syndrome: A Review of Clinical Manifestations and the Genetics Evaluation. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030105. [PMID: 32867104 PMCID: PMC7564399 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stickler Syndrome (SS) is a multisystem collagenopathy frequently encountered by ophthalmologists due to the high rate of ocular complications. Affected individuals are at significantly increased risk for retinal detachment and blindness, and early detection and diagnosis are critical in improving visual outcomes for these patients. Systemic findings are also common, with craniofacial, skeletal, and auditory systems often involved. SS is genotypically and phenotypically heterogenous, which can make recognizing and correctly diagnosing individuals difficult. Molecular genetic testing should be considered in all individuals with suspected SS, as diagnosis not only assists in treatment and management of the patient but may also help identify other at-risk family members. Here we review common clinical manifestation of SS and genetic tests frequently ordered as part of the SS evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Boothe
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Robert Morris
- Retina Specialists of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Nathaniel Robin
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Mutation Spectrum and De Novo Mutation Analysis in Stickler Syndrome Patients with High Myopia or Retinal Detachment. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080882. [PMID: 32756486 PMCID: PMC7464315 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that affects multiple systems, including the visual system. Seven genes were reported to cause Stickler syndrome in patients with different phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the mutation features of the phenotypes of high myopia and retinal detachment. Forty-two probands diagnosed with Stickler syndrome were included. Comprehensive ocular examinations were performed. A targeted gene panel test or whole exome sequencing was used to detect the mutations, and Sanger sequencing was conducted for verification and segregation analysis. Among the 42 probands, 32 (76%) presented with high myopia and 29 (69%), with retinal detachment. Pathogenic mutations were detected in 35 (83%) probands: 27 (64%) probands had COL2A1 mutations, and eight (19%) probands had COL11A1 mutations. Truncational mutations in COL2A1 were present in 21 (78%) probands. Missense mutations in COL2A1 were present in six probands, five of which presented with retinal detachment. De novo COL2A1 mutations were detected in 10 (37%) probands, with a mean paternal childbearing age of 29.64 ± 4.97 years old. The mutation features of probands with high myopia or retinal detachment showed that the probands had a high prevalence of COL2A1 mutations, truncational mutations, and de novo mutations.
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Genetic variant of COL11A2 gene is functionally associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip in Chinese Han population. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7694-7703. [PMID: 32396528 PMCID: PMC7244083 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common skeletal disorder. This study was conducted to demonstrate the association between DDH and a polymorphism rs9277935 of COL11A2 gene. RESULTS A significant difference in genotype distribution in a recessive model (TT+GT vs. GG) between two groups (P=0.017) was demonstrated. Analysis in female patients showed significantly greater frequency of minor allele G(0.49 vs. 0.43, p=0.024) and significantly higher distribution of GG genotype (p=0.006). DDH patients were found to have significantly lower COL11A2 expression than controls. Moreover, DDH patients with rs9277935 genotype TT have a significantly increased expression of COL11A2 than those with genotype GG. COL11A2 demonstrated chondrogenic properties in vitro. CONCLUSION Polymorphism rs9277935 of gene COL11A2 is a functional variant regulating the expression and the chondrogenic properties of COL11A2 in DDH in Chinese Han population. METHODS A case-control candidate gene association study was conducted in 945 patients (350 radiologically confirmed DDH patients and 595 healthy controls). Difference of COL11A2 expression in hip joint tissue was compared between the patients and the controls. Allelic difference in Col11a2 expression by rs9277935 was assessed with luciferase activity. Chondrogenic effects of Col11a2 signaling on BMSCs were also determined in vitro.
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Boysen KB, La Cour M, Kessel L. Ocular complications and prophylactic strategies in Stickler syndrome: a systematic literature review. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:223-234. [PMID: 32316871 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1747092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stickler syndrome is a collagenopathy caused by mutations in the genes COL2A1 (STL1) or COL11A1 (STL2). Affected patients manifest ocular, auditory, articular, and craniofacial manifestations in varying degrees. Ocular symptoms include myopia, retinal detachment, cataract, and glaucoma. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of ocular manifestations and the outcome of prophylactic treatment on reducing the risk of retinal detachment. METHOD A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Information on the cross-study prevalence of myopia, retinal detachment, cataract, glaucoma, visual impairment, severity and age of onset of myopia and retinal detachments. Studies that reported on the outcome of prophylactic treatment against a control group were explored. RESULTS 37 articles with 2324 individual patients were included. Myopia was found in 83% of patients, mostly of a moderate to severe degree. Retinal detachments occurred in 45% of patients. Generally, the first detachment occurred in the second decade of life in STL1 patients and later in STL2. Cataracts were more common in STL2 patients, 59% versus 36% in STL1. Glaucoma (10%) and visual impairment (blind: 6%; vision loss in one eye: 10%) were rare. Three studies reported on the effect of prophylactic treatment being protective. CONCLUSION Ocular manifestations are common in Stickler patients, but the comparison between studies was difficult because of inconsistencies in diagnostic and inclusion criteria by different studies. Sight-threatening complications such as retinal detachments are common but although prophylactic therapy is reported to be effective in retrospective studies, evidence from randomized trials is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten La Cour
- Department of Ophtalmology, Rigshospitalet , Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Kessel
- Department of Ophtalmology, Rigshospitalet , Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
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Influence of genetic factors in elbow tendon pathology: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6503. [PMID: 32300121 PMCID: PMC7162873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elbow tendinopathy is a common pathology of the upper extremity that impacts both athletes and workers. Some research has examined the genetic component as a risk factor for tendinopathy, mainly in the lower limbs. A case-control study was designed to test for a relationship between certain collagen gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and elbow tendon pathology. A sample of 137 young adult athletes whose sports participation involves loading of the upper limb were examined for the presence of structural abnormalities indicative of pathology in the tendons of the lateral and medial elbow using ultrasound imaging and genotyped for the following SNPs: COL5A1 rs12722, COL11A1 rs3753841, COL11A1 rs1676486, and COL11A2 rs1799907. Anthropometric measurements and data on participants’ elbow pain and dysfunction were collected using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and the Mayo Clinic Performance Index for the Elbow questionnaires. Results showed that participants in the structural abnormality group had significantly higher scores in pain and dysfunction. A significant relationship between COL11A1 rs3753841 genotype and elbow tendon pathology was found (p = 0.024), with the CT variant associated with increased risk of pathology.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marshall syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the COL11A1 gene. This syndrome is characterized by skeletal, ophthalmologic, craniofacial, and auditory abnormalities. Hearing loss is among the main manifestations reported in this disorder being observed in approximately 80% of affected individuals.The present study aims to describe the audiologic characteristics of three members of a family with Marshall syndrome and also serves as a review of the literature. STUDY DESIGN Family study. SETTING Tertiary care otology and skull base center. PATIENTS We report the audiologic findings in a family with Marshall syndrome consisting of a mother and her son and daughter. INTERVENTION(S) The audiologic evaluation included tympanometry, acoustic reflexes testing, auditory brainstem response, transient otoacoustic emissions, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry in quiet, and conditioned play audiometry. These methods were applied according to the age of the patients. In addition, we provide a review of the English-language literature in an attempt to clarify the auditory phenotype of this syndrome. RESULTS All 3 affected individuals had heterozygous c.3816+1G>A mutation in the splicing donor site of intron 50 of the COL11A1 gene. All three patients in our study had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing impairment ranged from mild to moderate in the daughter, moderate in the son, and from mild to moderate in their mother. CONCLUSION The majority of individuals with Marshall syndrome present early-onset bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing impairment is usually detected in early childhood, progresses gradually, and becomes stable in late adulthood, with a severity ranging from mild to severe.
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Unpicking observational relationships between hip shape and osteoarthritis: hype or hope? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2019; 32:110-118. [PMID: 31644466 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent findings concerning the observational relationship between hip shape and hip osteoarthritis (HOA) and their shared genetic influences, and the potential for clinical application. RECENT FINDINGS Recent observational studies have strengthened the evidence that specific shape deformities, such as cam and acetabular dysplasia, are related to HOA. Statistical shape modelling has emerged as a method to measure hip shape holistically, with the added advantage that this can be applied to dual X-ray absorptiometry scan images. This has led to several additional aspects of hip shape variation being identified, such as a wider femoral neck and larger lesser trochanter, in association with HOA. Furthermore, this method has formed the basis of genetic studies identifying novel genetic influences on hip shape, several of which are shared with known genetic risk factors for HOA. SUMMARY Shared genetic influences of hip shape and HOA raise the possibility that hip shape plays a casual role in the development of HOA, justifying preventive approaches aiming to combat these adverse consequences.
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Rice SJ, Cheung K, Reynard LN, Loughlin J. Discovery and analysis of methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) mapping to novel osteoarthritis genetic risk signals. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1545-1556. [PMID: 31173883 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is polygenic with over 90 independent genome-wide association loci so far reported. A key next step is the identification of target genes and the molecular mechanisms through which this genetic risk operates. The majority of OA risk-conferring alleles are predicted to act by modulating gene expression. DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides may be a functional conduit through which this occurs and is detectable by mapping methylation quantitative trait loci, or mQTLs. This approach can therefore provide functional insight into OA risk and will prioritize genes for subsequent investigation. That was our goal, with a focus on the largest set of OA loci yet to be reported. METHOD We investigated DNA methylation, genotype and RNA sequencing data derived from the cartilage of patients who had undergone arthroplasty and combined this with in silico analyses of expression quantitative trait loci, epigenomes and chromatin interactions. RESULTS We investigated 42 OA risk loci and in ten of these we identified 24 CpGs in which methylation correlated with genotype (false discovery rate (FDR) P-values ranging from 0.049 to 1.73x10-25). In silico analyses of these mQTLs prioritised genes and regulatory elements at the majority of the ten loci, with COLGALT2 (encoding a collagen galactosyltransferase), COL11A2 (encoding a polypeptide chain of type XI collagen) and WWP2 (encoding a ubiquitin ligase active during chondrogenesis) emerging as particularly compelling target genes. CONCLUSION We have highlighted the pivotal role of DNA methylation as a link between genetic risk and OA and prioritized genes for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Rice
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - K Cheung
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle University, Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - L N Reynard
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - J Loughlin
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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25
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Plachy L, Strakova V, Elblova L, Obermannova B, Kolouskova S, Snajderova M, Zemkova D, Dusatkova P, Sumnik Z, Lebl J, Pruhova S. High Prevalence of Growth Plate Gene Variants in Children With Familial Short Stature Treated With GH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4273-4281. [PMID: 30753492 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Familial short stature (FSS) is a term describing a growth disorder that is vertically transmitted. Milder forms may result from the combined effect of multiple genes; more severe short stature is suggestive of a monogenic condition. The etiology of most FSS cases has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic etiology of severe FSS in children treated with GH because of the diagnosis of small for gestational age or GH deficiency (SGA/GHD). DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PATIENTS Of 736 children treated with GH because of GHD/SGA, 33 with severe FSS (life-minimum height -2.5 SD or less in both the patient and shorter parent) were included in the study. The genetic etiology was known in 5 of 33 children prior to the study [ACAN (in 2], NF1, PTPN11, and SOS1). In the remaining 28 of 33, whole-exome sequencing was performed. The results were evaluated using American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines. RESULTS In 30 of 33 children (90%), we found at least one variant with potential clinical significance in genes known to affect growth. A genetic cause was elucidated in 17 of 33 (52%). Of these children, variants in growth plate-related genes were found in 9 of 17 [COL2A1, COL11A1, and ACAN (all in 2), FLNB, FGFR3, and IGF1R], and IGF-associated proteins were affected in 2 of 17 (IGFALS and HMGA2). In the remaining 6 of 17, the discovered genetic mechanisms were miscellaneous (TRHR, MBTPS2, GHSR, NF1, PTPN11, and SOS1). CONCLUSIONS Single-gene variants are frequent among families with severe FSS, with variants affecting the growth plate being the most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Plachy
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Strakova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Elblova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Obermannova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Kolouskova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Snajderova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Zemkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dusatkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Motol, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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26
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Baird DA, Paternoster L, Gregory JS, Faber BG, Saunders FR, Giuraniuc CV, Barr RJ, Lawlor DA, Aspden RM, Tobias JH. Investigation of the Relationship Between Susceptibility Loci for Hip Osteoarthritis and Dual X‐Ray Absorptiometry–Derived Hip Shape in a Population‐Based Cohort of Perimenopausal Women. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1984-1993. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Lawrence EA, Kague E, Aggleton JA, Harniman RL, Roddy KA, Hammond CL. The mechanical impact of col11a2 loss on joints; col11a2 mutant zebrafish show changes to joint development and function, which leads to early-onset osteoarthritis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0335. [PMID: 30249781 PMCID: PMC6158203 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major structural component of cartilage, and mutations in the genes encoding type XI collagen are associated with severe skeletal dysplasias (fibrochondrogenesis and Stickler syndrome) and early-onset osteoarthritis (OA). The impact of the lack of type XI collagen on cell behaviour and mechanical performance during skeleton development is unknown. We studied a zebrafish mutant for col11a2 and evaluated cartilage, bone development and mechanical properties to address this. We show that in col11a2 mutants, type II collagen is made but is prematurely degraded in maturing cartilage and ectopically expressed in the joint. These changes are correlated with increased stiffness of both bone and cartilage; quantified using atomic force microscopy. In the mutants, the skeletal rudiment terminal region in the jaw joint is broader and the interzone smaller. These differences in shape and material properties impact on joint function and mechanical performance, which we modelled using finite element analyses. Finally, we show that col11a2 heterozygous carriers reach adulthood but show signs of severe early-onset OA. Taken together, our data demonstrate a key role for type XI collagen in maintaining the properties of cartilage matrix; which when lost leads to alterations to cell behaviour that give rise to joint pathologies.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Mechanics of development'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lawrence
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jessye A Aggleton
- School of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | | | - Karen A Roddy
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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28
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Shulskaya MV, Alieva AK, Vlasov IN, Zyrin VV, Fedotova EY, Abramycheva NY, Usenko TS, Yakimovsky AF, Emelyanov AK, Pchelina SN, Illarioshkin SN, Slominsky PA, Shadrina MI. Whole-Exome Sequencing in Searching for New Variants Associated With the Development of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:136. [PMID: 29867446 PMCID: PMC5963122 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex disease with its monogenic forms accounting for less than 10% of all cases. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology has been used successfully to find mutations in large families. However, because of the late onset of the disease, only small families and unrelated patients are usually available. WES conducted in such cases yields in a large number of candidate variants. There are currently a number of imperfect software tools that allow the pathogenicity of variants to be evaluated. Objectives: We analyzed 48 unrelated patients with an alleged autosomal dominant familial form of PD using WES and developed a strategy for selecting potential pathogenetically significant variants using almost all available bioinformatics resources for the analysis of exonic areas. Methods: DNA sequencing of 48 patients with excluded frequent mutations was performed using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. The possible pathogenetic significance of identified variants and their involvement in the pathogenesis of PD was assessed using SNP and Variation Suite (SVS), Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) and Rare Exome Variant Ensemble Learner (REVEL) software. Functional evaluation was performed using the Pathway Studio database. Results: A significant reduction in the search range from 7082 to 25 variants in 23 genes associated with PD or neuronal function was achieved. Eight (FXN, MFN2, MYOC, NPC1, PSEN1, RET, SCN3A and SPG7) were the most significant. Conclusions: The multistep approach developed made it possible to conduct an effective search for potential pathogenetically significant variants, presumably involved in the pathogenesis of PD. The data obtained need to be further verified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Shulskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anelya Kh Alieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan N Vlasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Zyrin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Fedotova
- Federal State Scientific Institution, Scientific Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Abramycheva
- Federal State Scientific Institution, Scientific Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Usenko
- The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of the National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Gatchina, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrei F Yakimovsky
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton K Emelyanov
- The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of the National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Gatchina, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofya N Pchelina
- The Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of the National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Gatchina, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei N Illarioshkin
- Federal State Scientific Institution, Scientific Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr A Slominsky
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria I Shadrina
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
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29
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Li A, Wei Y, Hung C, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Chondrogenic properties of collagen type XI, a component of cartilage extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 2018; 173:47-57. [PMID: 29758546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) has been used for promoting tissue engineering. However, the exact effects of ECM on chondrogenesis and the acting mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the chondrogenic effects of cartilage ECM on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and identified the contributing molecular components. To this end, a preparation of articular cartilage ECM was supplemented to pellets of chondrogenically differentiating MSCs, pellets of human chondrocytes, and bovine articular cartilage explants to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation and the production of cartilaginous matrix. Selective enzymatic digestion and screening of ECM components were conducted to identify matrix molecules with chondrogenic properties. Cartilage ECM promoted MSC proliferation, production of cartilaginous matrix, and maturity of chondrogenic differentiation, and inhibited the hypertrophic differentiation of MSC-derived chondrocytes. Selective digestion of ECM components revealed a contributory role of collagens in promoting chondrogenesis. The screening of various collagen subtypes revealed strong chondrogenic effect of collagen type XI. Finally, collagen XI was found to promote production and inhibit degradation of cartilage matrix in human articular chondrocyte pellets and bovine articular cartilage explants. Our results indicate that cartilage ECM promotes chondrogenesis and inhibits hypertrophic differentiation in MSCs. Collagen type XI is the ECM component that has the strongest effects on enhancing the production and inhibiting the degradation of cartilage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiyong Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clark Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Vogiatzi MG, Li D, Tian L, Garifallou JP, Kim CE, Hakonarson H, Levine MA. A novel dominant COL11A1 mutation in a child with Stickler syndrome type II is associated with recurrent fractures. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:247-251. [PMID: 28971234 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This case describes a child with blindness, recurrent low-impact fractures, low bone mass, and intermittent joint pain who was found to have a novel missense mutation in COL11A1, consistent with Stickler syndrome type II. The case illustrates the phenotypic variability of the syndrome, which may include increased fragility in childhood. INTRODUCTION Stickler syndrome type II is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the type XI collagen chain α1 (COL11A1). Manifestations include craniofacial dysmorphology and ocular abnormalities that may lead to blindness, hearing loss, and skeletal anomalies that range from joint pain and arthritis to scoliosis and hypermobility. METHODS Herein, we describe a child who carried the presumed diagnosis of osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome because of the combined findings of recurrent low-impact fractures due to low bone mass and blindness. The child also suffered from joint pain but had no facial dysmorphism or hearing loss. RESULTS Targeted sequencing and deletion analysis of the LRP5, COL1A1, and COL1A2 genes failed to identify any mutations, and whole exome sequence analysis revealed a novel missense mutation (c.3032C>A:p.P1011Q) in COL11A1, consistent with Stickler type II. CONCLUSION This case highlights the phenotypic variability of Stickler type II, broadens the list of differential diagnosis of increased bone fragility in childhood, and highlights utility of unbiased genetic testing towards establishing the correct diagnosis in children with frequent fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Vogiatzi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Suite 11NW 30, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - D Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - L Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J P Garifallou
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C E Kim
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - H Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M A Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Suite 11NW 30, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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31
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Llavona P, Pinelli M, Mutarelli M, Marwah VS, Schimpf-Linzenbold S, Thaler S, Yoeruek E, Vetter J, Kohl S, Wissinger B. Allelic Expression Imbalance in the Human Retinal Transcriptome and Potential Impact on Inherited Retinal Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100283. [PMID: 29053642 PMCID: PMC5664133 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are often associated with variable clinical expressivity (VE) and incomplete penetrance (IP). Underlying mechanisms may include environmental, epigenetic, and genetic factors. Cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) can be implicated in the regulation of genes by favoring or hampering the expression of one allele over the other. Thus, the presence of such loci elicits allelic expression imbalance (AEI) that can be traced by massive parallel sequencing techniques. In this study, we performed an AEI analysis on RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data, from 52 healthy retina donors, that identified 194 imbalanced single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in 67 IRD genes. Focusing on SNPs displaying AEI at a frequency higher than 10%, we found evidence of AEI in several IRD genes regularly associated with IP and VE (BEST1, RP1, PROM1, and PRPH2). Based on these SNPs commonly undergoing AEI, we performed pyrosequencing in an independent sample set of 17 healthy retina donors in order to confirm our findings. Indeed, we were able to validate CDHR1, BEST1, and PROM1 to be subjected to cis-acting regulation. With this work, we aim to shed light on differentially expressed alleles in the human retina transcriptome that, in the context of autosomal dominant IRD cases, could help to explain IP or VE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Llavona
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Michele Pinelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | | | - Veer Singh Marwah
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Sebastian Thaler
- Center for Ophthalmology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. --unituebingen-i09f.de
| | - Efdal Yoeruek
- Center for Ophthalmology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Augenklinik Mülheim, 45468 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Jan Vetter
- Universitäts-Augenklinik, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Tsai MH, Liu YY, Soo VW. PathoBacTyper: A Web Server for Pathogenic Bacteria Identification and Molecular Genotyping. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1474. [PMID: 28824598 PMCID: PMC5540972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the decline in the cost of whole-genome sequencing because of the introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, many public health and clinical laboratories have started to use bacterial whole genomes for epidemiological surveillance and clinical investigation. For epidemiological and clinical purposes in this "NGS era," whole-genome-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis for genotyping is considered suitable. In this paper, we present an online service, PathoBacTyper (http://halst.nhri.org.tw/PathoBacTyper/), for pathogenic bacteria identification and genotyping based on wgSNP analysis. More than 400 pathogenic bacteria can be identified and genotyped through this service. Four data sets containing 59 Salmonella Heidelberg isolates from three outbreaks with the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern, 34 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from six outbreaks, 103 isolates of hospital-associated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and 15 Legionella pneumophila isolates from clinical and environmental samples in Israel were used for demonstrating the operation and testing the performance of the PathoBacTyper service. The test results reveal the applicability of this service for epidemiological typing and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsin Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research InstitutesMiaoli County, Taiwan.,Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Liu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research InstitutesMiaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Von-Wun Soo
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu, Taiwan
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33
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Chen S, Dong C, Wang Q, Zhong Z, Qi Y, Ke X, Liu Y. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Successfully Detects Causative Genes in Chinese Patients with Hereditary Hearing Loss. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:660-665. [PMID: 27610647 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We attempted to identify the genetic epidemiology of hereditary hearing loss among the Chinese Han population using next-generation sequencing (NGS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The entire length of the genes GJB2, SLC26A4, and GJB3, as well as exons of 57 additional candidate genes were sequenced from 116 individuals suffering from hearing loss. RESULTS Thirty potentially causative mutations from these 60 genes were identified as the likely etiologies of hearing loss in 67 of the cases. In our study, SLC26A4 and GJB2 were the most frequently affected genes among the Chinese Han population with hearing loss. Collectively, they account for 52.8% of the cases, followed by MTRNR1, PCDH15, and TECTA. These data also illustrate that NGS can be used to identify rare alleles responsible for hereditary hearing loss: 22 of the 30 (73.3%) genes identified with mutations are rarely mutated in hereditary hearing loss and only account for 21.5% (42/195) of the total mutation frequency, explaining no more than 2% for each gene. These rarely mutated genes would be missed by conventional diagnostic sequencing approaches. CONCLUSIONS NGS can be used effectively to identify both the common and rare genes causing hereditary hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhong
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- 2 Laboratory Center, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Ke
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yuhe Liu
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing, China
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A novel COL11A1 missense mutation in siblings with non-ocular Stickler syndrome. Hum Genome Var 2016; 3:16003. [PMID: 27081569 PMCID: PMC4823386 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stickler syndrome (STL) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited, clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous connective tissue disorder characterized by ocular, auditory, orofacial and skeletal abnormalities. We conducted targeted resequencing using a next-generation sequencer for molecular diagnosis of a 2-year-old girl who was clinically suspected of having STL with Pierre Robin sequence. We detected a novel heterozygous missense mutation, NM_001854.3:n.4838G>A [NM_001854.3 (COL11A1_v001):c.4520G>A], in COL11A1, resulting in a Gly to Asp substitution at position 1507 [NM_001854.3(COL11A1_i001)] within one of the collagen-like domains of the triple helical region. The same mutation was detected in her 4-year-old brother with cleft palate and high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss.
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35
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Wakazono T, Miyake M, Yamashiro K, Yoshikawa M, Yoshimura N. Association between SCO2 mutation and extreme myopia in Japanese patients. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2016; 60:319-25. [PMID: 27052445 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-016-0442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of SCO2 in extreme myopia of Japanese patients. METHODS In total, 101 Japanese patients with extreme myopia (axial length of ≥30 mm) OU at the Kyoto University Hospital were included in this study. Exon 2 of SCO2 was sequenced by conventional Sanger sequencing. The detected variants were assessed using in silico prediction programs: SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and MutationTaster. To determine the frequency of the mutations in normal subjects, we referred to the 1000 Genomes Project data and the Human Genetic Variation Database (HGVD) in the Human Genetic Variation Browser. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 62.9 ± 12.7 years. There were 31 males (30.7 %) and 70 females. Axial lengths were 31.76 ± 1.17 mm OD and 31.40 ± 1.07 mm OS, and 176 eyes (87.6 %) out of 201 eyes had myopic maculopathy of grade 2 or more. Among the 101 extremely myopic patients, one mutation (c.290 C > T;p.Ala97Val) in SCO2 was detected. This mutation was not found in the 1000 Genomes Project data or HGVD data. Variant type of the mutation was nonsynonymous. Although the SIFT prediction score was 0.350, the PolyPhen-2 probability was 0.846, thus predicting its pathogenicity to be possibly damaging. MutationTaster PhyloP was 1.268, suggesting that the mutation is conserved. CONCLUSIONS We identified one novel possibility of an extreme myopia-causing mutation in SCO2. No other disease-causing mutation was found in 101 extremely myopic Japanese patients, suggesting that SCO2 plays a limited role in Japanese extreme myopia. Further investigation is required for better understanding of extreme myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Wakazono
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Munemitsu Yoshikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Semantic interrogation of a multi knowledge domain ontological model of tendinopathy identifies four strong candidate risk genes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19820. [PMID: 26804977 PMCID: PMC4726433 DOI: 10.1038/srep19820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by tendon pain and thickening, and impaired performance during activity. Candidate gene association studies have identified genetic factors that contribute to intrinsic risk of developing tendinopathy upon exposure to extrinsic factors. Bioinformatics approaches that data-mine existing knowledge for biological relationships may assist with the identification of candidate genes. The aim of this study was to data-mine functional annotation of human genes and identify candidate genes by ontology-seeded queries capturing the features of tendinopathy. Our BioOntological Relationship Graph database (BORG) integrates multiple sources of genomic and biomedical knowledge into an on-disk semantic network where human genes and their orthologs in mouse and rat are central concepts mapped to ontology terms. The BORG was used to screen all human genes for potential links to tendinopathy. Following further prioritisation, four strong candidate genes (COL11A2, ELN, ITGB3, LOX) were identified. These genes are differentially expressed in tendinopathy, functionally linked to features of tendinopathy and previously implicated in other connective tissue diseases. In conclusion, cross-domain semantic integration of multiple sources of biomedical knowledge, and interrogation of phenotypes and gene functions associated with disease, may significantly increase the probability of identifying strong and unobvious candidate genes in genetic association studies.
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Kohmoto T, Naruto T, Kobayashi H, Watanabe M, Okamoto N, Masuda K, Imoto I, Okamoto N. A novel COL11A1 mutation affecting splicing in a patient with Stickler syndrome. Hum Genome Var 2015; 2:15043. [PMID: 27081549 PMCID: PMC4785552 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stickler syndrome is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous collagenopathy characterized by ocular, auditory, skeletal and orofacial abnormalities, commonly occurring as an autosomal dominant trait. We conducted target resequencing to analyze candidate genes associated with known clinical phenotypes from a 4-year-old girl with Stickler syndrome. We detected a novel heterozygous intronic mutation (NM_001854.3:c.3168+5G>A) in COL11A1 that may impair splicing, which was suggested by in silico prediction and a minigene assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kohmoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Student Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruka Kobayashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Student Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Student Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nana Okamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine , Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health , Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
With the rapid development of readily accessible molecular diagnostic tools, a growing number of patients and families with craniofacial anomalies will have access to a confirmed molecular diagnosis. This chapter provides an overview to current clinical and molecular resources and approaches used by diagnostician today. Clarifying the underlying cause of a congenital defect is necessary to provide proper counseling, identify carrier/risk status of family members, inform prognosis and direct appropriate management, treatments, and surveillance recommendations. The use of molecular testing has evolved to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis, establish a diagnosis in an unclear condition and end a diagnostic odyssey for many children with underlying syndromes, but the use of these techniques to understand common nonsyndromic malformations like clefts and craniosynostosis is still an active area of research that will contribute to clinical care in the future.
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Targeted next-generation sequencing of the ATP7B gene for molecular diagnosis of Wilson disease. Clin Biochem 2015; 49:166-71. [PMID: 26483271 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, which enable high throughput sample processing at relatively lower costs, are adopted in both research and clinical settings. A multiplex PCR-based NGS assay to identify mutations in the ATP7B gene for routine molecular diagnosis of Wilson disease was evaluated in comparison with the gold standard direct Sanger sequencing. DESIGN AND METHODS Five multiplex PCRs to amplify the partial promoter, 5' untranslated and the entire coding regions of the ATP7B gene were designed. Indexed paired-end libraries were generated from the pooled amplicons using Nextera XT DNA Sample Preparation Kit and subjected to NGS on the MiSeq platform. DNA from the peripheral blood of 12 patients with Wilson disease, 2 B-lymphocyte cell lines and 3 external quality assurance samples were sequenced by the MiSeq and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Complete coverage was achieved across the targeted bases without any drop-out sequences. The observed read depth in a single run with 20 samples was >100X. Comparison of the NGS results against Sanger sequencing data on a panel of clinical specimens, cell lines and European Molecular Genetics Quality Networks (EMQN) quality assurance samples showed 100% concordance in identifying pathogenic mutations. CONCLUSION With the capability of generating relatively higher throughput in a short time period, the NGS assay is a viable alternative to Sanger sequencing for detecting ATP7B mutations causally linked to Wilson disease in the clinical diagnostic laboratory.
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Cattalini M, Khubchandani R, Cimaz R. When flexibility is not necessarily a virtue: a review of hypermobility syndromes and chronic or recurrent musculoskeletal pain in children. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015; 13:40. [PMID: 26444669 PMCID: PMC4596461 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-015-0039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic or recurrent musculoskeletal pain is a common complaint in children. Among the most common causes for this problem are different conditions associated with hypermobility. Pediatricians and allied professionals should be well aware of the characteristics of the different syndromes associated with hypermobility and facilitate early recognition and appropriate management. In this review we provide information on Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome and Stickler syndrome, and discuss their characteristics and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cattalini
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Raju Khubchandani
- Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Anna Meyer Children's Hospital and University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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