1
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Lam C, Scaglia F, Berry GT, Larson A, Sarafoglou K, Andersson HC, Sklirou E, Tan QKG, Starosta RT, Sadek M, Wolfe L, Horikoshi S, Ali M, Barone R, Campbell T, Chang IJ, Coles K, Cook E, Eklund EA, Engelhardt NM, Freeman M, Friedman J, Fu DYT, Botzo G, Rawls B, Hernandez C, Johnsen C, Keller K, Kramer S, Kuschel B, Leshinski A, Martinez-Duncker I, Mazza GL, Mercimek-Andrews S, Miller BS, Muthusamy K, Neira J, Patterson MC, Pogorelc N, Powers LN, Ramey E, Reinhart M, Squire A, Thies J, Vockley J, Vreugdenhil H, Witters P, Youbi M, Zeighami A, Zemet R, Edmondson AC, Morava E. Frontiers in congenital disorders of glycosylation consortium, a cross-sectional study report at year 5 of 280 individuals in the natural history cohort. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108509. [PMID: 38959600 PMCID: PMC11299528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our report describes clinical, genetic, and biochemical features of participants with a molecularly confirmed congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) enrolled in the Frontiers in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (FCDGC) Natural History cohort at year 5 of the study. METHODS We enrolled individuals with a known or suspected CDG into the FCDGC Natural History Study, a multicenter prospective and retrospective natural history study of all genetic causes of CDG. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline study visit data from participants with confirmed CDG who were consented into the FCDGC Natural History Study (5U54NS115198) from October 2019 to November 2023. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-three subjects consented to the FCDGC Natural History Study. Of these, 280 unique individuals had genetic data available that was consistent with a diagnosis of CDG. These 280 individuals were enrolled into the study between October 8, 2019 and November 29, 2023. One hundred forty-one (50.4%) were female, and 139 (49.6%) were male. Mean and median age at enrollment was 10.1 and 6.5 years, respectively, with a range of 0.22 to 71.4 years. The cohort encompassed individuals with disorders of N-linked protein glycosylation (57%), glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor disorder (GPI anchor) (15%), disorders of Golgi homeostasis, trafficking and transport (12%), dolichol metabolism disorders (5%), disorders of multiple pathways (6%), and other (5%). The most frequent presenting symptom(s) leading to diagnosis were developmental delay/disability (77%), followed by hypotonia (56%) and feeding difficulties (42%). Mean and median time between first related symptom and diagnosis was 2.7 and 0.8 years, respectively. One hundred percent of individuals in our cohort had developmental differences/disabilities at the time of their baseline visit, followed by 97% with neurologic involvement, 91% with gastrointestinal (GI)/liver involvement, and 88% with musculoskeletal involvement. Severity of disease in individuals was scored on the Nijmegen Progression CDG Rating Scale (NPCRS) with 27% of scores categorized as mild, 44% moderate, and 29% severe. Of the individuals with N-linked protein glycosylation defects, 83% of those with data showed a type 1 pattern on carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) analysis including 82/84 individuals with PMM2-CDG, 6% a type 2 pattern, 1% both type 1 and type 2 pattern and 10% a normal or nonspecific pattern. One hundred percent of individuals with Golgi homeostasis and trafficking defects with data showed a type 2 pattern on CDT analysis, while Golgi transport defect showed a type II pattern 73% of the time, a type 1 pattern for 7%, and 20% had a normal or nonspecific pattern. Most of the variants documented were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic using ACMG criteria. For the majority of the variants, the predicted molecular consequence was missense followed by nonsense and splice site, and the majority of the diagnoses are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern but with disorders of all major nuclear inheritance included. DISCUSSION The FCDGC Natural History Study serves as an important resource to build future research studies, improve clinical care, and prepare for clinical trial readiness. Herein is the first overview of CDG participants of the FCDGC Natural History Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Norcliffe Foundation Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong KongSAR, China
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin Larson
- Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics-Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hans C Andersson
- Hayward Genetics Center, Dept Pediatrics Tulane School of Medicine, USA
| | - Evgenia Sklirou
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Queenie K G Tan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodrigo T Starosta
- Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mustafa Sadek
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lynne Wolfe
- Medical Genetic Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seishu Horikoshi
- Norcliffe Foundation Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - May Ali
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Research Unit of Rare Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Teresa Campbell
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Irene J Chang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kiaira Coles
- Child Health Research Enterprise, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Edward Cook
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erik A Eklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicole M Engelhardt
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Freeman
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Jennifer Friedman
- Division of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Debbie Y T Fu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace Botzo
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Christin Johnsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kierstin Keller
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Kramer
- Pediatric Clinical Research Services, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bryce Kuschel
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Leshinski
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Martinez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gina L Mazza
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Saadet Mercimek-Andrews
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley S Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Juanita Neira
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marc C Patterson
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Natalie Pogorelc
- Pediatric Clinical Research Services, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lex N Powers
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ramey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Services, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michaela Reinhart
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Audrey Squire
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Thies
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Rare Disease Therapy, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hayden Vreugdenhil
- Norcliffe Foundation Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehdi Youbi
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aziza Zeighami
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roni Zemet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Edmondson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
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2
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Sadamitsu K, Yanagi K, Hasegawa Y, Murakami Y, Low SE, Ooshima D, Matsubara Y, Okamoto N, Kaname T, Hirata H. A novel homozygous variant of the PIGK gene caused by paternal disomy in a patient with neurodevelopmental disorder, cerebellar atrophy, and seizures. J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s10038-024-01264-3. [PMID: 38902431 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are located at the cell surface by a covalent attachment between protein and GPI embedded in the plasma membrane. This attachment is catalyzed by GPI transamidase comprising five subunits (PIGK, PIGS, PIGT, PIGU, and GPAA1) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Loss of either subunit of GPI transamidase eliminates cell surface localization of GPI-anchored proteins. In humans, pathogenic variants in either subunit of GPI transamidase cause neurodevelopmental disorders. However, how the loss of GPI-anchored proteins triggers neurodevelopmental defects remains largely unclear. Here, we identified a novel homozygous variant of PIGK, NM_005482:c.481A > G,p. (Met161Val), in a Japanese female patient with neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, cerebellar atrophy, febrile seizures, hearing loss, growth impairment, dysmorphic facial features, and brachydactyly. The missense variant was found heterozygous in her father, but not in her mother. Zygosity analysis revealed that the homozygous PIGK variant in the patient was caused by paternal isodisomy. Rescue experiments using PIGK-deficient CHO cells revealed that the p.Met161Val variant of PIGK reduced GPI transamidase activity. Rescue experiments using pigk mutant zebrafish confirmed that the p.Met161Val variant compromised PIGK function in tactile-evoked motor response. We also demonstrated that axonal localization of voltage-gated sodium channels and concomitant generation of action potentials were impaired in pigk-deficient neurons in zebrafish, suggesting a link between GPI-anchored proteins and neuronal defects. Taken together, the missense p.Met161Val variant of PIGK is a novel pathogenic variant that causes the neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Sadamitsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yuiko Hasegawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sean E Low
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Daikun Ooshima
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsubara
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, 252-5258, Japan.
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Ranjan A, Alam MS, Kumar V, Kumar R, Saifullah KM, Fakih S. Spectrum of Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia-Seizures Syndrome 3 (MCAHS3) Due to Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Biosynthesis Class T (PIGT) Gene Mutations: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e60737. [PMID: 38903302 PMCID: PMC11187727 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3 (MCAHS3) results from mutations in the phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class T (PIGT) gene leading to defects in glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase complex (GPI-TA) synthesis. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol serves as an anchor to more than 150 mammalian proteins for attachment on cell surfaces, enabling specific functional properties. Mutations in the PIGT gene result in disruption of this extremely important post-translational protein modification, yielding dysfunctional proteins leading to MCAHS3. An exhaustive literature search was conducted across various electronic databases to reveal only 41 reported cases of MCAHS3 worldwide, emphasizing the rarity of this condition. Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3 has been reported as secondary to 18 different known PIGT variants to date, manifesting as a varying spectrum of craniofacial dysmorphism, developmental delay with epilepsy, cardiac and renal malformations, and unique features in biochemical testing and neuroimaging. This review aims to highlight the constellation of clinical symptoms, diagnostic modalities, and management challenges associated with MCAHS3 cases. It would help determine optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies for newly identified cases and facilitate new research on this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ranjan
- Department of Neonatology, Rani Hospital, Ranchi, IND
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Neonatology, Rani Hospital, Ranchi, IND
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Neonatology, Rani Hospital, Ranchi, IND
| | | | - Sofia Fakih
- Department of Neonatology, Rani Hospital, Ranchi, IND
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4
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Wei X, Lu Y, Lin LL, Zhang C, Chen X, Wang S, Wu SA, Li ZJ, Quan Y, Sun S, Qi L. Proteomic screens of SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation substrates reveal its role in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein biogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:659. [PMID: 38253565 PMCID: PMC10803770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) plays indispensable roles in many physiological processes; however, the nature of endogenous substrates remains largely elusive. Here we report a proteomics strategy based on the intrinsic property of the SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD complex to identify endogenous ERAD substrates both in vitro and in vivo. Following stringent filtering using a machine learning algorithm, over 100 high-confidence potential substrates are identified in human HEK293T and mouse brown adipose tissue, among which ~88% are cell type-specific. One of the top shared hits is the catalytic subunit of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-transamidase complex, PIGK. Indeed, SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD attenuates the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins by specifically targeting PIGK for proteasomal degradation. Lastly, several PIGK disease variants in inherited GPI deficiency disorders are also SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD substrates. This study provides a platform and resources for future effort to identify proteome-wide endogenous substrates in vivo, and implicates SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in many cellular processes including the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Zexin Jason Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Yujun Quan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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5
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Starosta RT, Kerashvili N, Pruitt C, Schultz MJ, Boyer SW, Morava E, Lasio MLD, Grange DK. PIGO-CDG: A case study with a new genotype, expansion of the phenotype, literature review, and nosological considerations. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:424-433. [PMID: 37927489 PMCID: PMC10623102 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class O protein (PIGO) enzyme is an important step in the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), which is essential for the membrane anchoring of several proteins. Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in PIGO lead to a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) characterized by global developmental delay, an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase levels, congenital anomalies including anorectal, genitourinary, and limb malformations in most patients; this phenotype has been alternately called "Mabry syndrome" or "hyperphosphatasia with impaired intellectual development syndrome 2." We report a 22-month-old female with PIGO deficiency caused by novel PIGO variants. In addition to the Mabry syndrome phenotype, our patient's clinical picture was complicated by intermittent hypoglycemia with signs of functional hyperinsulinism, severe secretory diarrhea, and osteopenia with a pathological fracture, thus, potentially expanding the known phenotype of this disorder, although more studies are necessary to confirm these associations. We also provide an updated review of the literature, and propose unifying the nomenclature of PIGO deficiency as "PIGO-CDG," which reflects its pathophysiology and position in the broad scope of metabolic disorders and congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of PediatricsWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
| | - Nino Kerashvili
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
| | - Cassandra Pruitt
- Division of Academic Pediatrics, Department of PediatricsWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
| | - Matthew J. Schultz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Maria Laura Duque Lasio
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of PediatricsWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
| | - Dorothy K. Grange
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of PediatricsWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
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6
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Conte F, Sam JE, Lefeber DJ, Passier R. Metabolic Cardiomyopathies and Cardiac Defects in Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108632. [PMID: 37239976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive chronic disease that remains a primary cause of death worldwide, affecting over 64 million patients. HF can be caused by cardiomyopathies and congenital cardiac defects with monogenic etiology. The number of genes and monogenic disorders linked to development of cardiac defects is constantly growing and includes inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). Several IMDs affecting various metabolic pathways have been reported presenting cardiomyopathies and cardiac defects. Considering the pivotal role of sugar metabolism in cardiac tissue, including energy production, nucleic acid synthesis and glycosylation, it is not surprising that an increasing number of IMDs linked to carbohydrate metabolism are described with cardiac manifestations. In this systematic review, we offer a comprehensive overview of IMDs linked to carbohydrate metabolism presenting that present with cardiomyopathies, arrhythmogenic disorders and/or structural cardiac defects. We identified 58 IMDs presenting with cardiac complications: 3 defects of sugar/sugar-linked transporters (GLUT3, GLUT10, THTR1); 2 disorders of the pentose phosphate pathway (G6PDH, TALDO); 9 diseases of glycogen metabolism (GAA, GBE1, GDE, GYG1, GYS1, LAMP2, RBCK1, PRKAG2, G6PT1); 29 congenital disorders of glycosylation (ALG3, ALG6, ALG9, ALG12, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1E1, B3GALTL, B3GAT3, COG1, COG7, DOLK, DPM3, FKRP, FKTN, GMPPB, MPDU1, NPL, PGM1, PIGA, PIGL, PIGN, PIGO, PIGT, PIGV, PMM2, POMT1, POMT2, SRD5A3, XYLT2); 15 carbohydrate-linked lysosomal storage diseases (CTSA, GBA1, GLA, GLB1, HEXB, IDUA, IDS, SGSH, NAGLU, HGSNAT, GNS, GALNS, ARSB, GUSB, ARSK). With this systematic review we aim to raise awareness about the cardiac presentations in carbohydrate-linked IMDs and draw attention to carbohydrate-linked pathogenic mechanisms that may underlie cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conte
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Juda-El Sam
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Ben Ayed I, Jallouli O, Murakami Y, Souissi A, Mallouli S, Bouzid A, Kamoun F, Elloumi I, Frikha F, Tlili A, Weckhuysen S, Kinoshita T, Triki CC, Masmoudi S. Case report: Functional analysis of the p.Arg507Trp variant of the PIGT gene supporting the moderate epilepsy phenotype of mutations in the C-terminal region. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1092887. [PMID: 36970549 PMCID: PMC10034188 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1092887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in the PIGT gene are associated with the "multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3" (MCAHS3) phenotype. So far, fifty patients have been reported, most of whom suffer from intractable epilepsy. Recently, a comprehensive analysis of a cohort of 26 patients with PIGT variants has broadened the phenotypical spectrum and indicated that both p.Asn527Ser and p.Val528Met are associated with a milder epilepsy phenotype and less severe outcomes. Since all reported patients are of Caucasian/Polish origin and most harbor the same variant (p.Val528Met), the ability to draw definitive conclusions regarding the genotype-phenotype correlation remains limited. We report a new case with a homozygous variant p.Arg507Trp in the PIGT gene, detected on clinical exome sequencing. The North African patient in question displays a predominantly neurological phenotype with global developmental delay, hypotonia, brain abnormalities, and well-controlled epileptic seizures. Homozygous and heterozygous variants in codon 507 have been reported to cause PIGT deficiency without biochemical confirmation. In this study, FACS analysis of knockout HEK293 cells that had been transfected with wild-type or mutant cDNA constructs demonstrated that the p.Arg507Trp variant leads to mildly reduced activity. Our result confirm the pathogenicity of this variant and strengthen recently reported evidence on the genotype-phenotype correlation of the PIGT variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlas Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Medical Genetics Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Jallouli
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Neuropédiatrie” LR19ES15, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Amal Souissi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Mallouli
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Neuropédiatrie” LR19ES15, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amal Bouzid
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Kamoun
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Neuropédiatrie” LR19ES15, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Elloumi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelaziz Tlili
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Human Genetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Chahnez Charfi Triki
- Child Neurology Department, University Hedi Chaker Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Neuropédiatrie” LR19ES15, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saber Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Saber Masmoudi
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8
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Ross DE, Seabaugh J, Seabaugh JM, Barcelona J, Seabaugh D, Wright K, Norwind L, King Z, Graham TJ, Baker J, Lewis T. Updated Review of the Evidence Supporting the Medical and Legal Use of NeuroQuant ® and NeuroGage ® in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:715807. [PMID: 35463926 PMCID: PMC9027332 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.715807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 40 years of research have shown that traumatic brain injury affects brain volume. However, technical and practical limitations made it difficult to detect brain volume abnormalities in patients suffering from chronic effects of mild or moderate traumatic brain injury. This situation improved in 2006 with the FDA clearance of NeuroQuant®, a commercially available, computer-automated software program for measuring MRI brain volume in human subjects. More recent strides were made with the introduction of NeuroGage®, commercially available software that is based on NeuroQuant® and extends its utility in several ways. Studies using these and similar methods have found that most patients with chronic mild or moderate traumatic brain injury have brain volume abnormalities, and several of these studies found-surprisingly-more abnormal enlargement than atrophy. More generally, 102 peer-reviewed studies have supported the reliability and validity of NeuroQuant® and NeuroGage®. Furthermore, this updated version of a previous review addresses whether NeuroQuant® and NeuroGage® meet the Daubert standard for admissibility in court. It concludes that NeuroQuant® and NeuroGage® meet the Daubert standard based on their reliability, validity, and objectivity. Due to the improvements in technology over the years, these brain volumetric techniques are practical and readily available for clinical or forensic use, and thus they are important tools for detecting signs of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ross
- Virginia Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Midlothian, VA, United States
- NeuroGage LLC, Midlothian, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - John Seabaugh
- Virginia Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Midlothian, VA, United States
- NeuroGage LLC, Midlothian, VA, United States
- Department of Radiology, St. Mary’s Hospital School of Medical Imaging, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jan M. Seabaugh
- Virginia Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Midlothian, VA, United States
- NeuroGage LLC, Midlothian, VA, United States
| | - Justis Barcelona
- Virginia Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Midlothian, VA, United States
- NeuroGage LLC, Midlothian, VA, United States
| | - Daniel Seabaugh
- Virginia Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Midlothian, VA, United States
- NeuroGage LLC, Midlothian, VA, United States
| | - Katherine Wright
- Virginia Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Midlothian, VA, United States
- NeuroGage LLC, Midlothian, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lee Norwind
- Karp, Wigodsky, Norwind, Kudel & Gold, P.A., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Zachary King
- Karp, Wigodsky, Norwind, Kudel & Gold, P.A., Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Joseph Baker
- Virginia Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Midlothian, VA, United States
- NeuroGage LLC, Midlothian, VA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, United States
| | - Tanner Lewis
- Virginia Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Midlothian, VA, United States
- NeuroGage LLC, Midlothian, VA, United States
- Department of Undergraduate Studies, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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9
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Paprocka J, Hutny M, Hofman J, Tokarska A, Kłaniewska M, Szczałuba K, Stembalska A, Jezela-Stanek A, Śmigiel R. Spectrum of Neurological Symptoms in Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis Defects: Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2022; 12:758899. [PMID: 35058872 PMCID: PMC8763846 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.758899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations of genes involved in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins lead to rare syndromes called glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins biosynthesis defects. Alterations of their structure and function in these disorders impair often fundamental processes in cells, resulting in severe clinical image. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of GPIBD cases reports published in English-language literature. Methods: The browsing of open-access databases (PubMed, PubMed Central. and Medline) was conducted, followed by statistical analysis of gathered information concerning neurological symptomatology. The inclusion criteria were: studies on humans, age at onset (<18 y.o.), and report of GPIBD cases with adequate data on the genetic background and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria were: publication type (manuscripts, personal communication, review articles); reports of cases of GPI biosynthesis genes mutations in terms of other disorders; reports of GPIBD cases concentrating on non-neurological symptoms; or articles concentrating solely on the genetic issues of GPI biosynthesis. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Brigs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Data synthesis was conducted using STATISTICA 13.3.721.1 (StatSoft Polska Sp. z.o.o.). Used tests were chi-square, Fisher's exact test (for differences in phenotype), and Mann-Whitney U test (for differences in onset of developmental delay). Results: Browsing returned a total of 973 articles which, after ruling out the repetitions and assessing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to final inclusion of 77 articles (337 GPIBD cases) in the analysis. The main outcomes were prevalence of neurological symptoms, onset and semiology of seizures and their response to treatment, and onset of developmental delay. Based on this data a synthesis of phenotypical differences between the groups of GPIBD cases and the general GPIBD cases population was made. Discussion: A synthetical analysis of neurological components in clinical image of GPIBD patients was presented. It highlights the main features of these disorders, which might be useful in clinical practice for consideration in differential diagnosis with children presenting with early-onset seizures and developmental delay. The limitation of this review is the scarcity of the specific data in some reports, concerning the semiology and onset of two main features of GPIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Hutny
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jagoda Hofman
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tokarska
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology, Upper Silesian Child Health Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Szczałuba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Bayat A, Pendziwiat M, Obersztyn E, Goldenberg P, Zacher P, Döring JH, Syrbe S, Begtrup A, Borovikov A, Sharkov A, Karasińska A, Giżewska M, Mitchell W, Morava E, Møller RS, Rubboli G. Deep-Phenotyping the Less Severe Spectrum of PIGT Deficiency and Linking the Gene to Myoclonic Atonic Seizures. Front Genet 2021; 12:663643. [PMID: 34046058 PMCID: PMC8148046 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.663643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two aims of this study were (i) to describe and expand the phenotypic spectrum of PIGT deficiency in affected individuals harboring the c.1582G>A; p.Val528Met or the c.1580A > G; p.Asn527Ser variant in either homozygous or compound heterozygous state, and (ii) to identify potential genotype-phenotype correlations and any differences in disease severity among individuals with and without the PIGT variants. The existing literature was searched to identify individuals with and without the two variants. A detailed phenotypic assessment was performed of 25 individuals (both novel and previously published) with the two PIGT variants. We compared severity of disease between individuals with and without these PIGT variants. Twenty-four individuals carried the PIGT variant Val528Met in either homozygous or compound heterozygous state, and one individual displayed the Asn527Ser variant in a compound heterozygous state. Disease severity in the individual with the Asn527Ser variant was compatible with that in the individuals harboring the Val528Met variant. While individuals without the Asn527Ser or Val528Met variant had focal epilepsy, profound developmental delay (DD), and risk of premature death, those with either of the two variants had moderate to severe DD and later onset of epilepsy with both focal and generalized seizures. Individuals homozygous for the Val528Met variant generally became seizure-free on monotherapy with antiepileptic drugs, compared to other PIGT individuals who were pharmaco-resistant. Two patients were diagnosed with myoclonic-atonic seizures, and a single patient was diagnosed with eyelid myoclonia. Our comprehensive analysis of this large cohort of previously published and novel individuals with PIGT variants broadens the phenotypical spectrum and shows that both Asn527Ser and Val528Met are associated with a milder phenotype and less severe outcome. Our data show that PIGT is a new candidate gene for myoclonic atonic epilepsy. Our genotype-phenotype correlation will be useful for future genetic counseling. Natural history studies of this mild spectrum of PIGT-related disorder may shed light on hitherto unknown aspects of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bayat
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paula Goldenberg
- Division of Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pia Zacher
- The Saxon Epilepsy Center Kleinwachau, Radeberg, Germany
| | - Jan Henje Döring
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Artem Sharkov
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aneta Karasińska
- Department of Dermatology, The Nicolas Copernicus State Hospital, Koszalin, Poland
| | - Maria Giżewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wendy Mitchell
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Laboratory of Medicine and Pathology, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Sai Chandar D, Krishna Chaithanya B, Prashanthi M. Homozygous Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Class T Mutation in an Indian Girl With Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia-Seizures Syndrome 3. Cureus 2021; 13:e14727. [PMID: 34084664 PMCID: PMC8163346 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3 (MCAHS3) is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by infantile-onset epilepsy, hypotonia, global developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and variable congenital anomalies involving the cardiac, skeletal, and genitourinary systems. It is caused by the homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class T (PIGT) gene. Only fewer cases were reported in the literature till now. We described a PIGT mutation in an Indian girl with global developmental delay, infantile-onset seizures, hypotonia, and facial dysmorphism. This case will help to expand the clinical spectrum of PIGT mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudipala Sai Chandar
- Pediatric Neurology, Star Women and Children Hospital, Karim Nagar, IND.,Pediatrics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karim Nagar, IND
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13
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Wu F, Goldenberg PC, Mukai S. Bilateral anterior segment dysgenesis and peripheral avascular retina with tractional retinal detachment in an infant with multiple congenital anomalies-hypotony-seizures syndrome 3. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:334-337. [PMID: 33620284 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1888133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotony-seizures syndrome 3 (MCAHS3) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the PIGT gene. PIGT encodes phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class T, which plays a crucial role in protein anchoring to cell membranes. The clinical presentation of MCAHS3 is variable in expression and severity, but can be characterized by developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, and other abnormalities.Materials and Methods: Case report.Results: We report unusual ocular findings including bilateral anterior segment dysgenesis, avascular retinal periphery, and tractional retinal detachment in a 1-month-old male infant with compound heterozygous PIGT mutations consistent with MCAHS3. Whole-exome sequencing did not detect any other genetic abnormalities.Conclusions: This case expands the clinical spectrum of MCAHS3 to include anomalies in ocular anterior segment and retinal vascular development. Given the rarity and the genetic heterogeneity of MCAHS3, giving rise to varied non-ocular phenotypes, it is possible that milder intraocular phenotypes could have gone unrecognized in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Wu
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paula C Goldenberg
- Medical Genetics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shizuo Mukai
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Chen X, Yin W, Chen S, Zhang W, Li H, Kuang H, Zhou M, Teng Y, Zhang J, Shen G, Liang D, Li Z, Hu B, Wu L. Loss of PIGK function causes severe infantile encephalopathy and extensive neuronal apoptosis. Hum Genet 2021; 140:791-803. [PMID: 33392778 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PIGK gene, encoding a key component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase, was recently reported to be associated with inherited GPI deficiency disorders (IGDs). However, little is known about the specific downstream effects of PIGK on neurodevelopment due to the rarity of the disease and the lack of in vivo study. Here, we described 2 patients in a Chinese family presented with profound global developmental delay, severe hypotonia, seizures, and postnatal progressive global brain atrophy including hemisphere, cerebellar and corpus callosum atrophy. Two novel compound heterozygous variants in PIGK were identified via genetic analysis, which was proved to cause significant decrease of PIGK protein and reduced cell surface presence of GPI-APs in the patients. To explore the role of Pigk on embryonic and neuronal development, we constructed Pigk knock-down zebrafish and knock-in mouse models. Zebrafish injected with a small dose of morpholino oligonucleotides displayed severe developmental defects including small eyes, deformed head, curly spinal cord, and unconsumed yolk sac. Primary motor neuronal dysplasia and extensive neural cell apoptosis were further observed. Meanwhile, the mouse models, carrying the two variants respectively homologous with the patients, both resulted in complete embryonic lethality of the homozygotes, which suggested the intolerable effect caused by amino acid substitution of Asp204 as well as the truncated mutation. Our findings provide the in vivo evidence for the essential role of PIGK during the embryonic and neuronal development. Based on these data, we propose a basis for further study of pathological and molecular mechanisms of PIGK-related neurodevelopmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wu Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hanzhe Kuang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Miaojin Zhou
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yanling Teng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Guodong Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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15
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Johnstone DL, Nguyen TTM, Zambonin J, Kernohan KD, St‐Denis A, Baratang NV, Hartley T, Geraghty MT, Richer J, Majewski J, Bareke E, Guerin A, Pendziwiat M, Pena LDM, Braakman HMH, Gripp KW, Edmondson AC, He M, Spillmann RC, Eklund EA, Bayat A, McMillan HJ, Boycott KM, Campeau PM. Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy due to biallelic pathogenic variants in PIGQ: Report of seven new subjects and review of the literature. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1321-1332. [PMID: 32588908 PMCID: PMC7689772 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated seven children from six families to expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with an early infantile epileptic encephalopathy caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class Q (PIGQ) gene. The affected children were all identified by clinical or research exome sequencing. Clinical data, including EEGs and MRIs, was comprehensively reviewed and flow cytometry and transfection experiments were performed to investigate PIGQ function. Pathogenic biallelic PIGQ variants were associated with increased mortality. Epileptic seizures, axial hypotonia, developmental delay and multiple congenital anomalies were consistently observed. Seizure onset occurred between 2.5 months and 7 months of age and varied from treatable seizures to recurrent episodes of status epilepticus. Gastrointestinal issues were common and severe, two affected individuals had midgut volvulus requiring surgical correction. Cardiac anomalies including arrythmias were observed. Flow cytometry using granulocytes and fibroblasts from affected individuals showed reduced expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. Transfection of wildtype PIGQ cDNA into patient fibroblasts rescued this phenotype. We expand the phenotypic spectrum of PIGQ-related disease and provide the first functional evidence in human cells of defective GPI-anchoring due to pathogenic variants in PIGQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon L. Johnstone
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | - Jessica Zambonin
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of GeneticsChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Kristin D. Kernohan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Division of Metabolics and Newborn Screening, Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Anik St‐Denis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte JustineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Nissan V. Baratang
- Research Center, CHU Sainte JustineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Michael T. Geraghty
- Division of Metabolics and Newborn Screening, Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Julie Richer
- Department of GeneticsChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation CentreMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Eric Bareke
- Department of Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation CentreMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Andrea Guerin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of PediatricsQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of NeuropediatricsChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielKielGermany
| | - Loren D. M. Pena
- Division of Human GeneticsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Hilde M. H. Braakman
- Department of NeurologyAcademic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe & Maastricht University Medical CenterHeezeThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amalia Children's HospitalRadboud University Medical Center & Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Karen W. Gripp
- Division of Medical GeneticsA. I. DuPont Hospital for Children/NemoursWilmingtonDelawareUSA
| | - Andrew C. Edmondson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human GeneticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rebecca C. Spillmann
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of PediatricsDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Erik A. Eklund
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Region Skåne and Clinical SciencesLund University Skåne University Hospital (SUS)LundSweden
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Genetics and Personalized MedicineDanish Epilepsy CentreDianalundDenmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Hugh J. McMillan
- Division of Neurology, Department of PediatricsChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of GeneticsChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Philippe M. Campeau
- Research Center, CHU Sainte JustineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte‐Justine HospitalUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
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16
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Höchsmann B, Murakami Y, Osato M, Knaus A, Kawamoto M, Inoue N, Hirata T, Murata S, Anliker M, Eggermann T, Jäger M, Floettmann R, Höllein A, Murase S, Ueda Y, Nishimura JI, Kanakura Y, Kohara N, Schrezenmeier H, Krawitz PM, Kinoshita T. Complement and inflammasome overactivation mediates paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria with autoinflammation. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:5123-5136. [PMID: 31430258 DOI: 10.1172/jci123501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) have a clonal population of blood cells deficient in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI-anchored) proteins, resulting from a mutation in the X-linked gene PIGA. Here we report on a set of patients in whom PNH results instead from biallelic mutation of PIGT on chromosome 20. These PIGT-PNH patients have clinically typical PNH, but they have in addition prominent autoinflammatory features, including recurrent attacks of aseptic meningitis. In all these patients we find a germ-line point mutation in one PIGT allele, whereas the other PIGT allele is removed by somatic deletion of a 20q region comprising maternally imprinted genes implicated in myeloproliferative syndromes. Unlike in PIGA-PNH cells, GPI is synthesized in PIGT-PNH cells and, since its attachment to proteins is blocked, free GPI is expressed on the cell surface. From studies of patients' leukocytes and of PIGT-KO THP-1 cells we show that, through increased IL-1β secretion, activation of the lectin pathway of complement and generation of C5b-9 complexes, free GPI is the agent of autoinflammation. Eculizumab treatment abrogates not only intravascular hemolysis, but also autoinflammation. Thus, PIGT-PNH differs from PIGA-PNH both in the mechanism of clonal expansion and in clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Höchsmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Osato
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alexej Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michi Kawamoto
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shogo Murata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Markus Anliker
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute for Human Genetics,Medical Faculty, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marten Jäger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Charite Hospital, University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ricarda Floettmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, Charite Hospital, University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sho Murase
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Ueda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nishimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kohara
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Peter M Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Wu T, Yin F, Guang S, He F, Yang L, Peng J. The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis pathway in human diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:129. [PMID: 32466763 PMCID: PMC7254680 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects cause rare genetic disorders characterised by developmental delay/intellectual disability, seizures, dysmorphic features, and diverse congenital anomalies associated with a wide range of additional features (hypotonia, hearing loss, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and several other features). Glycosylphosphatidylinositol functions as an anchor to link cell membranes and protein. These proteins function as enzymes, adhesion molecules, complement regulators, or co-receptors in signal transduction pathways. Biallelic variants involved in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins biosynthetic pathway are responsible for a growing number of disorders, including multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome; hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome/Mabry syndrome; coloboma, congenital heart disease, ichthyosiform dermatosis, mental retardation, and ear anomalies/epilepsy syndrome; and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-55. This review focuses on the current understanding of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects and the associated genes to further understand its wide phenotype spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenghui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shiqi Guang
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Hunan Children's Mental Disorders Research Center, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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18
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Davids M, Menezes M, Guo Y, McLean SD, Hakonarson H, Collins F, Worgan L, Billington CJ, Maric I, Littlejohn RO, Onyekweli T, Adams DR, Tifft CJ, Gahl WA, Wolfe LA, Christodoulou J, Malicdan MCV. Homozygous splice-variants in human ARV1 cause GPI-anchor synthesis deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:49-57. [PMID: 32165008 PMCID: PMC7303973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the ARV1 Homolog, Fatty Acid Homeostasis Modulator (ARV1), have recently been described in association with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 38. Affected individuals presented with epilepsy, ataxia, profound intellectual disability, visual impairment, and central hypotonia. In S. cerevisiae, Arv1 is thought to be involved in sphingolipid metabolism and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor synthesis. The function of ARV1 in human cells, however, has not been elucidated. METHODS Mutations were discovered through whole exome sequencing and alternate splicing was validated on the cDNA level. Expression of the variants was determined by qPCR and Western blot. Expression of GPI-anchored proteins on neutrophils and fibroblasts was analyzed by FACS and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. RESULTS Here we describe seven patients from two unrelated families with biallelic splice mutations in ARV1. The patients presented with early onset epilepsy, global developmental delays, profound hypotonia, delayed speech development, cortical visual impairment, and severe generalized cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. The splice variants resulted in decreased ARV1 expression and significant decreases in GPI-anchored protein on the membranes of neutrophils and fibroblasts, indicating that the loss of ARV1 results in impaired GPI-anchor synthesis. CONCLUSION Loss of GPI-anchored proteins on our patients' cells confirms that the yeast Arv1 function of GPI-anchor synthesis is conserved in humans. Overlap between the phenotypes in our patients and those reported for other GPI-anchor disorders suggests that ARV1-deficiency is a GPI-anchor synthesis disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Davids
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minal Menezes
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott D McLean
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felicity Collins
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Worgan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles J Billington
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Hematology Service, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tito Onyekweli
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Analyzing clinical and genetic characteristics of a cohort with multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome (MCAHS). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:78. [PMID: 32220244 PMCID: PMC7099766 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarize and extend the phenotypic characterization of Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia-Seizures Syndrome, and to discuss genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods Collecting clinical information of 17 patients with pathogenic variants in PIGN, PIGA, and PIGT. Genetic studies were performed on all patients. Results There were 7 patients with 15 PIGN mutations (one patient carrying 3 mutations), 8 patients with 8 PIGA mutations, and 2 patients with 5 PIGT mutations (one patient carrying 3 mutations). All patients had epilepsy and developmental delay, with 71% of them showed hypotonia. And among these patients’ various seizure types, the focal seizure was the most common one. Eighty-two percent patients showed a significant relationship between seizures and fever. Serum ALP was elevated in one patient with PIGN mutations and in two patients with PIGA mutations. Brain MRI showed enlarged subarachnoid space in 56% of patients. Some other different characteristics had also been found in our patients: First, atypical absence seizures presented in three patients with PIGN mutations; Second, diffuse slow waves mixed with focal or multifocal discharges of interictal EEG in 88% cases with PIGA-deficient; Third, phenotypes of seven out of eight patients with PIGA mutations were difficult to be classified as severe or less severe group; Last, mild neurological symptoms and developmental status rather than severe conditions occurred in one patient with PIGT mutations. Conclusion With epilepsy, developmental delay, and/or hypotonia as common features, the knowledge of MCAHS in terms of phenotype and genotype has been expanded. In cases with PIGN-deficient, we expanded the types of atypical absence seizures, and described one patient with elevated serum ALP. Focal seizures with diffuse slow waves mixed with focal or multifocal discharges on EEG rather than infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, which as previously reported were often seen in our patients with PIGA mutations. The classifications of phenotypes caused by PIGA mutations should be more continuous than discrete. The mild phenotype of one patient with PIGT mutations expanded the clinical presentation of MCAHS3.
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20
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Mierzewska H, Jezela-Stanek A. Is leucodystrophy really a feature of PIGT-CDG? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:615-616. [PMID: 32058618 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Mierzewska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Carmody LC, Blau H, Danis D, Zhang XA, Gourdine JP, Vasilevsky N, Krawitz P, Thompson MD, Robinson PN. Significantly different clinical phenotypes associated with mutations in synthesis and transamidase+remodeling glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis genes. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:40. [PMID: 32019583 PMCID: PMC7001271 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-1313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis pathway can result in a group of congenital disorders of glycosylation known as the inherited GPI deficiencies (IGDs). To date, defects in 22 of the 29 genes in the GPI biosynthesis pathway have been identified in IGDs. The early phase of the biosynthetic pathway assembles the GPI anchor (Synthesis stage) and the late phase transfers the GPI anchor to a nascent peptide in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Transamidase stage), stabilizes the anchor in the ER membrane using fatty acid remodeling and then traffics the GPI-anchored protein to the cell surface (Remodeling stage). RESULTS We addressed the hypothesis that disease-associated variants in either the Synthesis stage or Transamidase+Remodeling-stage GPI pathway genes have distinct phenotypic spectra. We reviewed clinical data from 58 publications describing 152 individual patients and encoded the phenotypic information using the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). We showed statistically significant differences between the Synthesis and Transamidase+Remodeling Groups in the frequencies of phenotypes in the musculoskeletal system, cleft palate, nose phenotypes, and cognitive disability. Finally, we hypothesized that phenotypic defects in the IGDs are likely to be at least partially related to defective GPI anchoring of their target proteins. Twenty-two of one hundred forty-two proteins that receive a GPI anchor are associated with one or more Mendelian diseases and 12 show some phenotypic overlap with the IGDs, represented by 34 HPO terms. Interestingly, GPC3 and GPC6, members of the glypican family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans bound to the plasma membrane through a covalent GPI linkage, are associated with 25 of these phenotypic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS IGDs associated with Synthesis and Transamidase+Remodeling stages of the GPI biosynthesis pathway have significantly different phenotypic spectra. GPC2 and GPC6 genes may represent a GPI target of general disruption to the GPI biosynthesis pathway that contributes to the phenotypes of some IGDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh C Carmody
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Hannah Blau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Daniel Danis
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Xingman A Zhang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute of Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miles D Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Peter N Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.
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22
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Knaus A, Kortüm F, Kleefstra T, Stray-Pedersen A, Đukić D, Murakami Y, Gerstner T, van Bokhoven H, Iqbal Z, Horn D, Kinoshita T, Hempel M, Krawitz PM. Mutations in PIGU Impair the Function of the GPI Transamidase Complex, Causing Severe Intellectual Disability, Epilepsy, and Brain Anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:395-402. [PMID: 31353022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor links over 150 proteins to the cell surface and is present on every cell type. Many of these proteins play crucial roles in neuronal development and function. Mutations in 18 of the 29 genes implicated in the biosynthesis of the GPI anchor have been identified as the cause of GPI biosynthesis deficiencies (GPIBDs) in humans. GPIBDs are associated with intellectual disability and seizures as their cardinal features. An essential component of the GPI transamidase complex is PIGU, along with PIGK, PIGS, PIGT, and GPAA1, all of which link GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) onto the GPI anchor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we report two homozygous missense mutations (c.209T>A [p.Ile70Lys] and c.1149C>A [p.Asn383Lys]) in five individuals from three unrelated families. All individuals presented with global developmental delay, severe-to-profound intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, seizures, brain anomalies, scoliosis, and mild facial dysmorphism. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we determined a characteristic profile for GPI transamidase deficiency. On granulocytes this profile consisted of reduced cell-surface expression of fluorescein-labeled proaerolysin (FLAER), CD16, and CD24, but not of CD55 and CD59; additionally, B cells showed an increased expression of free GPI anchors determined by T5 antibody. Moreover, computer-assisted facial analysis of different GPIBDs revealed a characteristic facial gestalt shared among individuals with mutations in PIGU and GPAA1. Our findings improve our understanding of the role of the GPI transamidase complex in the development of nervous and skeletal systems and expand the clinical spectrum of disorders belonging to the group of inherited GPI-anchor deficiencies.
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23
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Nicklas JA, Vacek PM, Carter EW, McDiarmid M, Albertini RJ. Molecular analysis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor deficient aerolysin resistant isolates in gulf war i veterans exposed to depleted uranium. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:470-493. [PMID: 30848503 DOI: 10.1002/em.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During the First Gulf War (1991) over 100 servicemen sustained depleted uranium (DU) exposure through wound contamination, inhalation, and shrapnel. The Department of Veterans Affairs has a surveillance program for these Veterans which has included genotoxicity assays. The frequencies of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPIa) negative (aerolysin resistant) cells determined by cloning assays for these Veterans are reported in Albertini RJ et al. (2019: Environ Mol Mutagen). Molecular analyses of the GPIa biosynthesis class A (PIGA) gene was performed on 862 aerolysin-resistant T-lymphocyte recovered isolates. The frequencies of different types of PIGA mutations were compared between high and low DU exposure groups. Additional molecular studies were performed on mutants that produced no PIGA mRNA or with deletions of all or part of the PIGA gene to determine deletion size and breakpoint sequence. One mutant appeared to be the result of a chromothriptic event. A significant percentage (>30%) of the aerolysin resistant isolates, which varied by sample year and Veteran, had wild-type PIGA cDNA (no mutation). As described in Albertini RJ et al. (2019: Environ Mol Mutagen), TCR gene rearrangement analysis of these isolates indicated most arose from multiple T-cell progenitors (hence the inability to find a mutation). It is likely that these isolates were the result of failure of complete selection against nonmutant cells in the cloning assays. Real-time studies of GPIa resistant isolates with no PIGA mutation but with a single TCR gene rearrangement found one clone with a PIGV deletion and several others with decreased levels of GPIa pathway gene mRNAs implying mutation in other GPIa pathway genes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:470-493, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Medical Biostatistics Unit, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Elizabeth W Carter
- Jeffords Institute for Quality, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Melissa McDiarmid
- Occupational Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Richard J Albertini
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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24
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Albertini RJ, Nicklas JA, Vacek PM, Carter EW, McDiarmid M. Longitudinal study of t-cell somatic mutations conferring glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor deficiency in gulf war I veterans exposed to depleted uranium. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:494-504. [PMID: 30848527 DOI: 10.1002/em.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fifty Veterans of the first Gulf War in 1991 exposed to depleted uranium (DU) were studied for glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPIa) deficient T-cell mutants on three occasions during the years 2009, 2011, and 2013. GPIa deficiency was determined in two ways: cloning assays employing aerolysin selection and cytometry using the FLAER reagent for positive staining of GPIa cell surface proteins. Subsequent molecular analyses of deficient isolates recovered from cloning assays (Nicklas JA et al. [2019]: Environ Mol Mutagen) revealed apparent incomplete selection in some cloning assays, necessitating correction of original data to afford a more realistic estimate of GPIa deficient mutant frequency (MF) values. GPIa deficient variant frequencies (VFs) determined by cytometry were determined in the years 2011 and 2013. A positive but nonsignificant association was observed between MF and VF values determined on the same blood samples during 2013. Exposure to DU had no effect on either GPIa deficient MF or VFs. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:494-504, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Albertini
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Janice A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Medical Biostatistics Unit, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Elizabeth W Carter
- Jeffords Institute for Quality, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Melissa McDiarmid
- Occupational Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC
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25
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Larsen KB, Bayat A, Møller RS, Maroun LL, Lund EL. First report of the neuropathological findings in a patient with leukodystrophy and compound heterozygous variants in the
PIGT
gene. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:732-735. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Larsen
- Department of Pathology University Hospital of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet Denmark
- Department of Neuropathology and Ocular Pathology John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford University Hospital Oxford UK
| | - A. Bayat
- Department of Pediatrics University Hospital of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet Denmark
- Danish Epilepsy Centre Dianalund Denmark
| | - R. S. Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre Dianalund Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - L. L. Maroun
- Department of Pathology University Hospital of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet Denmark
| | - E. L. Lund
- Department of Pathology University Hospital of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet Denmark
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26
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Starr LJ, Spranger JW, Rao VK, Lutz R, Yetman AT. PIGQ glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein deficiency: Characterizing the phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1270-1275. [PMID: 31148362 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PIGQ (OMIM *605754) encodes phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class Q (PIGQ) and is required for proper functioning of an N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex in a similar manner to the more established PIGA, PIGC, and PIGH. There are two previous patients reported with homozygous and apparently deleterious PIGQ mutations. Here, we provide the first detailed clinical report of a patient with heterozygous deleterious mutations associated with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (GPI-AP) biosynthesis deficiency. Our patient died at 10 months of age. The rare skeletal findings in this disorder expand the differential diagnosis of long bone radiolucent lesions and sphenoid wing dysplasia. This clinical report describes a new and rare disorder-PIGQ GPI-AP biosynthesis deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois J Starr
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Vamshi K Rao
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard Lutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Anji T Yetman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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27
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Bayat A, Knaus A, Juul AW, Dukic D, Gardella E, Charzewska A, Clement E, Hjalgrim H, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Horn D, Horton R, Hurst JA, Josifova D, Larsen LHG, Lascelles K, Obersztyn E, Pagnamenta A, Pal DK, Pendziwiat M, Ryten M, Taylor J, Vogt J, Weber Y, Krawitz PM, Helbig I, Kini U, Møller RS. PIGT-CDG, a disorder of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor: description of 13 novel patients and expansion of the clinical characteristics. Genet Med 2019; 21:2216-2223. [DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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28
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Glycomics in rare diseases: from diagnosis tomechanism. Transl Res 2019; 206:5-17. [PMID: 30423312 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) studies rare genetic disorders not only to achieve diagnoses, but to understand human biology. To ascertain the contribution of protein glycosylation to rare diseases, the NIH UDP used mass spectrometry to agnostically identify abnormalities of N-linked and O-linked glycans in plasma and free oligosaccharides in the urine of 207 patients. 60% of UDP patients had a glycome profile that deviated from control values in at least 1 fluid. Additional evaluation of the fibroblast glycome in 66 patients with abnormalities in plasma and/or urine revealed a consistent glycome phenotype in 83% of these cases. Many of these patients may have secondary glycosylation defects, since it is unlikely that they all have congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). In fact, whole exome sequencing revealed only a few patients with CDGs, along with several others having disorders indirectly altering glycosylation. In summary, we describe a biochemical phenotyping screen to identify defects in protein glycosylation that can elucidate mechanisms of disease among NIH UDP patients.
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29
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Mason S, Castilla-Vallmanya L, James C, Andrews PI, Balcells S, Grinberg D, Kirk EP, Urreizti R. Case report of a child bearing a novel deleterious splicing variant in PIGT. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14524. [PMID: 30813157 PMCID: PMC6407924 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Trio family-based whole exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful tool in the diagnosis of rare neurodevelopmental diseases, even in patients with the unclear diagnosis. There have been previous reports of variants in the phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class T (PIGT) gene associated with multiple congenital anomalies, with a total of 14 affected individuals across 8 families. PATIENT CONCERNS An 18-month-old boy of Greek ancestry presented with global developmental delay, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, hypotonia, renal cysts, esotropia, bilateral undescended testes, bilateral vesicoureteric reflux, marked cardiac dextroposition, bilateral talipes equinovarus, and dysmorphic features. DIAGNOSIS WES revealed 2 compound heterozygous variants in the PIGT gene, c.[494-2A>G]; [547A>C]/p.[Asp122Glyfs*35]; [Thr183Pro]. The splicing mutation was demonstrated to lead to the skipping of exon 4. INTERVENTIONS Seizures, infections, and other main symptoms were treated. OUTCOMES The patient died at 2 years of age before the molecular diagnosis was achieved. Genetic counseling has been offered to the family. LESSONS Most of the clinical features of the patient are in agreement with the previously described PIGT cases corroborating the usefulness of WES as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Mason
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura Castilla-Vallmanya
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Susana Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edwin P. Kirk
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology East, Genetics Laboratory
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roser Urreizti
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Kvarnung M, Taylan F, Nilsson D, Anderlid BM, Malmgren H, Lagerstedt-Robinson K, Holmberg E, Burstedt M, Nordenskjöld M, Nordgren A, Lundberg ES. Genomic screening in rare disorders: New mutations and phenotypes, highlighting ALG14 as a novel cause of severe intellectual disability. Clin Genet 2018; 94:528-537. [PMID: 30221345 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated 20 consanguineous families with multiple children affected by rare disorders. Detailed clinical examinations, exome sequencing of affected as well as unaffected family members and further validation of likely pathogenic variants were performed. In 16/20 families, we identified pathogenic variants in autosomal recessive disease genes (ALMS1, PIGT, FLVCR2, TFG, CYP7B1, ALG14, EXOSC3, MEGF10, ASAH1, WDR62, ASPM, PNPO, ERCC5, KIAA1109, RIPK4, MAN1B1). A number of these genes have only rarely been reported previously and our findings thus confirm them as disease genes, further delineate the associated phenotypes and expand the mutation spectrum with reports of novel variants. We highlight the findings in two affected siblings with splice altering variants in ALG14 and propose a new clinical entity, which includes severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, behavioral problems and mild dysmorphic features, caused by biallelic variants in ALG14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Kvarnung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fulya Taylan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Malmgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Lagerstedt-Robinson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Holmberg
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Medical and Clinical Genetics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Burstedt
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Medical and Clinical Genetics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth S Lundberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Nguyen TTM, Murakami Y, Wigby KM, Baratang NV, Rousseau J, St-Denis A, Rosenfeld JA, Laniewski SC, Jones J, Iglesias AD, Jones MC, Masser-Frye D, Scheuerle AE, Perry DL, Taft RJ, Le Deist F, Thompson M, Kinoshita T, Campeau PM. Mutations in PIGS, Encoding a GPI Transamidase, Cause a Neurological Syndrome Ranging from Fetal Akinesia to Epileptic Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:602-611. [PMID: 30269814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited GPI deficiencies (IGDs) are a subset of congenital disorders of glycosylation that are increasingly recognized as a result of advances in whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). IGDs cause a series of overlapping phenotypes consisting of seizures, dysmorphic features, multiple congenital malformations, and severe intellectual disability. We present a study of six individuals from three unrelated families in which WES or WGS identified bi-allelic phosphatidylinositol glycan class S (PIGS) biosynthesis mutations. Phenotypes included severe global developmental delay, seizures (partly responding to pyridoxine), hypotonia, weakness, ataxia, and dysmorphic facial features. Two of them had compound-heterozygous variants c.108G>A (p.Trp36∗) and c.101T>C (p.Leu34Pro), and two siblings of another family were homozygous for a deletion and insertion leading to p.Thr439_Lys451delinsArgLeuLeu. The third family had two fetuses with multiple joint contractures consistent with fetal akinesia. They were compound heterozygous for c.923A>G (p.Glu308Gly) and c.468+1G>C, a splicing mutation. Flow-cytometry analyses demonstrated that the individuals with PIGS mutations show a GPI-AP deficiency profile. Expression of the p.Trp36∗ variant in PIGS-deficient HEK293 cells revealed only partial restoration of cell-surface GPI-APs. In terms of both biochemistry and phenotype, loss of function of PIGS shares features with PIGT deficiency and other IGDs. This study contributes to the understanding of the GPI-AP biosynthesis pathway by describing the consequences of PIGS disruption in humans and extending the family of IGDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tuyet Mai Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kristen M Wigby
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nissan V Baratang
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Anik St-Denis
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Julie Jones
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Alejandro D Iglesias
- NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marilyn C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Françoise Le Deist
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Miles Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada.
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32
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Bellai‐Dussault K, Nguyen TTM, Baratang NV, Jimenez‐Cruz DA, Campeau PM. Clinical variability in inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency disorders. Clin Genet 2018; 95:112-121. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Bellai‐Dussault
- Medical Genetics DivisionChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa ON Canada
| | | | - Nissan V. Baratang
- CHU Sainte‐Justine Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Montreal QC Canada
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33
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Yang L, Peng J, Yin XM, Pang N, Chen C, Wu TH, Zou XM, Yin F. Homozygous PIGT Mutation Lead to Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia Seizures Syndrome 3. Front Genet 2018; 9:153. [PMID: 29868109 PMCID: PMC5951959 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PIGT encodes a subunit of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase complex, which catalyzes the attachment of proteins to GPI-anchors. A homozygous PIGT variant c.550G>A (p. E184K) in a Chinese boy with multiple malformations, hypotonia, seizure and profound development delay was identified by panel sequencing. Pathogenicity of the variant was confirmed by flow cytometry. The expression of CD16 and CD24 of this proband reduced to 16.92 and 22.16% compare with normal control respectively while which of his parents and sister were normal. This mutation raised the mRNA level on the peripheral blood mono nuclear cells of this patient. This study expanded the variant spectrum of MCAHS3, and CD16 could be an effective marker to evaluate the pathogenicity of PIGT mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Yin
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Teng-Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, China
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34
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Knaus A, Pantel JT, Pendziwiat M, Hajjir N, Zhao M, Hsieh TC, Schubach M, Gurovich Y, Fleischer N, Jäger M, Köhler S, Muhle H, Korff C, Møller RS, Bayat A, Calvas P, Chassaing N, Warren H, Skinner S, Louie R, Evers C, Bohn M, Christen HJ, van den Born M, Obersztyn E, Charzewska A, Endziniene M, Kortüm F, Brown N, Robinson PN, Schelhaas HJ, Weber Y, Helbig I, Mundlos S, Horn D, Krawitz PM. Characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects by clinical features, flow cytometry, and automated image analysis. Genome Med 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29310717 PMCID: PMC5759841 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects (GPIBDs) cause a group of phenotypically overlapping recessive syndromes with intellectual disability, for which pathogenic mutations have been described in 16 genes of the corresponding molecular pathway. An elevated serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a GPI-linked enzyme, has been used to assign GPIBDs to the phenotypic series of hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS) and to distinguish them from another subset of GPIBDs, termed multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia seizures syndrome (MCAHS). However, the increasing number of individuals with a GPIBD shows that hyperphosphatasia is a variable feature that is not ideal for a clinical classification. Methods We studied the discriminatory power of multiple GPI-linked substrates that were assessed by flow cytometry in blood cells and fibroblasts of 39 and 14 individuals with a GPIBD, respectively. On the phenotypic level, we evaluated the frequency of occurrence of clinical symptoms and analyzed the performance of computer-assisted image analysis of the facial gestalt in 91 individuals. Results We found that certain malformations such as Morbus Hirschsprung and diaphragmatic defects are more likely to be associated with particular gene defects (PIGV, PGAP3, PIGN). However, especially at the severe end of the clinical spectrum of HPMRS, there is a high phenotypic overlap with MCAHS. Elevation of AP has also been documented in some of the individuals with MCAHS, namely those with PIGA mutations. Although the impairment of GPI-linked substrates is supposed to play the key role in the pathophysiology of GPIBDs, we could not observe gene-specific profiles for flow cytometric markers or a correlation between their cell surface levels and the severity of the phenotype. In contrast, it was facial recognition software that achieved the highest accuracy in predicting the disease-causing gene in a GPIBD. Conclusions Due to the overlapping clinical spectrum of both HPMRS and MCAHS in the majority of affected individuals, the elevation of AP and the reduced surface levels of GPI-linked markers in both groups, a common classification as GPIBDs is recommended. The effectiveness of computer-assisted gestalt analysis for the correct gene inference in a GPIBD and probably beyond is remarkable and illustrates how the information contained in human faces is pivotal in the delineation of genetic entities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0510-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Knaus
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean Tori Pantel
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nurulhuda Hajjir
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Zhao
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Schubach
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Marten Jäger
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Korff
- Unité de Neuropédiatrie, Université de Genève, CH-1211, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, DK-4293, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Hvidovre, 2650, Hvicovre, Denmark
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Christina Evers
- Genetische Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Bohn
- St. Bernward Krankenhaus, 31134, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Christen
- Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult, Hannoversche Kinderheilanstalt, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Institute of Mother and Child Department of Molecular Genetics, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Charzewska
- Institute of Mother and Child Department of Molecular Genetics, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milda Endziniene
- Neurology Department, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natasha Brown
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, MCRI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Peter N Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 06032, Farmington, USA
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Departement of Neurology, Academic Center for Epileptology, 5590, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter M Krawitz
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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35
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Kohashi K, Ishiyama A, Yuasa S, Tanaka T, Miya K, Adachi Y, Sato N, Saitsu H, Ohba C, Matsumoto N, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T, Sugai K, Sasaki M. Epileptic apnea in a patient with inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor deficiency and PIGT mutations. Brain Dev 2018; 40:53-57. [PMID: 28728837 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report an 11-month-old boy with acetazolamide-responsive epileptic apnea and inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor deficiency who presented with decreased serum alkaline phosphatase associated with compound PIGT mutations. The patient exhibited congenital anomalies, severe intellectual disability, and seizures, including epileptic apnea with epileptiform discharges from bilateral temporal areas. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed delayed myelination and progressive atrophy of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum. Whole-exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in PIGT (c.250G>T, p.Glu84X and c.1096G>T, p.Gly366Trp), which encodes a subunit of the GPI transamidase complex. Flow cytometry revealed decreased expression of CD16 (a GPI anchor protein) on granulocytes, supporting the putative pathogenicity of the mutations. Phenobarbital, clonazepam, and potassium bromide decreased the frequency of tonic seizure and acetazolamide decreased epileptic apnea. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intractable seizures accompanied by epileptic apnea associated with GPI anchor deficiency and a compound PIGT mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kohashi
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishiyama
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shota Yuasa
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazushi Miya
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ohba
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugai
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Marques-da-Silva D, Francisco R, Webster D, Dos Reis Ferreira V, Jaeken J, Pulinilkunnil T. Cardiac complications of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): a systematic review of the literature. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:657-672. [PMID: 28726068 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are inborn errors of metabolism due to protein and lipid hypoglycosylation. This rapidly growing family of genetic diseases comprises 103 CDG types, with a broad phenotypic diversity ranging from mild to severe poly-organ -system dysfunction. This literature review summarizes cardiac involvement, reported in 20% of CDG. CDG with cardiac involvement were divided according to the associated type of glycosylation: N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, dolichol synthesis, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis, COG complex, V-ATPase complex, and other glycosylation pathways. The aim of this review was to document and interpret the incidence of heart disease in CDG patients. Heart disorders were grouped into cardiomyopathies, structural defects, and arrhythmogenic disorders. This work may contribute to improved early management of cardiac complications in CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marques-da-Silva
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Portuguese Association for CDG, Lisbon, Portugal
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal
| | - R Francisco
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Portuguese Association for CDG, Lisbon, Portugal
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal
| | - D Webster
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Dalhousie University, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - V Dos Reis Ferreira
- Portuguese Association for CDG, Lisbon, Portugal
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal
| | - J Jaeken
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, UZ and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, NB, E2L 4L5, Canada.
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Analysis of exome data for 4293 trios suggests GPI-anchor biogenesis defects are a rare cause of developmental disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:669-679. [PMID: 28327575 PMCID: PMC5477361 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 150 different proteins attach to the plasma membrane using glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. Mutations in 18 genes that encode components of GPI-anchor biogenesis result in a phenotypic spectrum that includes learning disability, epilepsy, microcephaly, congenital malformations and mild dysmorphic features. To determine the incidence of GPI-anchor defects, we analysed the exome data from 4293 parent–child trios recruited to the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study. All probands recruited had a neurodevelopmental disorder. We searched for variants in 31 genes linked to GPI-anchor biogenesis and detected rare biallelic variants in PGAP3, PIGN, PIGT (n=2), PIGO and PIGL, providing a likely diagnosis for six families. In five families, the variants were in a compound heterozygous configuration while in a consanguineous Afghani kindred, a homozygous c.709G>C; p.(E237Q) variant in PIGT was identified within 10–12 Mb of autozygosity. Validation and segregation analysis was performed using Sanger sequencing. Across the six families, five siblings were available for testing and in all cases variants co-segregated consistent with them being causative. In four families, abnormal alkaline phosphatase results were observed in the direction expected. FACS analysis of knockout HEK293 cells that had been transfected with wild-type or mutant cDNA constructs demonstrated that the variants in PIGN, PIGT and PIGO all led to reduced activity. Splicing assays, performed using leucocyte RNA, showed that a c.336-2A>G variant in PIGL resulted in exon skipping and p.D113fs*2. Our results strengthen recently reported disease associations, suggest that defective GPI-anchor biogenesis may explain ~0.15% of individuals with developmental disorders and highlight the benefits of data sharing.
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Johnstone DL, Nguyen TTM, Murakami Y, Kernohan KD, Tétreault M, Goldsmith C, Doja A, Wagner JD, Huang L, Hartley T, St-Denis A, le Deist F, Majewski J, Bulman DE, Kinoshita T, Dyment DA, Boycott KM, Campeau PM. Compound heterozygous mutations in the gene PIGP are associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1706-1715. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Devon L. Johnstone
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Thi-Tuyet-Mai Nguyen
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kristin D. Kernohan
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Martine Tétreault
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1B1, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Claire Goldsmith
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Asif Doja
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Justin D. Wagner
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Lijia Huang
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Anik St-Denis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Françoise le Deist
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A1B1, Canada
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Dennis E. Bulman
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - David A. Dyment
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8L1, Canada
| | - Philippe M. Campeau
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
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Novel PIGT Variant in Two Brothers: Expansion of the Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia Seizures Syndrome 3 Phenotype. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7120108. [PMID: 27916860 PMCID: PMC5192484 DOI: 10.3390/genes7120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic PIGT variants were previously reported in seven patients from three families with Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia Seizures Syndrome 3 (MCAHS3), characterized by epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, global developmental delay/intellectual disability, cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, craniofacial dysmorphisms, and skeletal, ophthalmological, cardiac, and genitourinary abnormalities. We report a novel homozygous PIGT missense variant c.1079G>T (p.Gly360Val) in two brothers with several of the typical features of MCAHS3, but in addition, pyramidal tract neurological signs. Notably, they are the first patients with MCAHS3 without skeletal, cardiac, or genitourinary anomalies. PIGT encodes a crucial subunit of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase complex, which catalyzes the attachment of proteins to GPI-anchors, attaching the proteins to the cell membrane. In vitro studies in cells from the two brothers showed reduced levels of GPI-anchors and GPI-anchored proteins on the cell surface, supporting the pathogenicity of the novel PIGT variant.
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Gahl WA, Mulvihill JJ, Toro C, Markello TC, Wise AL, Ramoni RB, Adams DR, Tifft CJ. The NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Network: Applications to modern medicine. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:393-400. [PMID: 26846157 PMCID: PMC5560125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inability of some seriously and chronically ill individuals to receive a definitive diagnosis represents an unmet medical need. In 2008, the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) was established to provide answers to patients with mysterious conditions that long eluded diagnosis and to advance medical knowledge. Patients admitted to the NIH UDP undergo a five-day hospitalization, facilitating highly collaborative clinical evaluations and a detailed, standardized documentation of the individual's phenotype. Bedside and bench investigations are tightly coupled. Genetic studies include commercially available testing, single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis, and family exomic sequencing studies. Selected gene variants are evaluated by collaborators using informatics, in vitro cell studies, and functional assays in model systems (fly, zebrafish, worm, or mouse). INSIGHTS FROM THE UDP In seven years, the UDP received 2954 complete applications and evaluated 863 individuals. Nine vignettes (two unpublished) illustrate the relevance of an undiagnosed diseases program to complex and common disorders, the coincidence of multiple rare single gene disorders in individual patients, newly recognized mechanisms of disease, and the application of precision medicine to patient care. CONCLUSIONS The UDP provides examples of the benefits expected to accrue with the recent launch of a national Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN). The UDN should accelerate rare disease diagnosis and new disease discovery, enhance the likelihood of diagnosing known diseases in patients with uncommon phenotypes, improve management strategies, and advance medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John J Mulvihill
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas C Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anastasia L Wise
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rachel B Ramoni
- Department for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard Dental School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Delineation of New Disorders and Phenotypic Expansion of Known Disorders Through Whole Exome Sequencing. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-015-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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