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Prokop JW, Lazar J, Crapitto G, Smith DC, Worthey EA, Jacob HJ. Molecular modeling in the age of clinical genomics, the enterprise of the next generation. J Mol Model 2017; 23:75. [PMID: 28204942 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein modeling and molecular dynamics hold a unique toolset to aide in the characterization of clinical variants that may result in disease. Not only do these techniques offer the ability to study under characterized proteins, but they do this with the speed that is needed for time-sensitive clinical cases. In this paper we retrospectively study a clinical variant in the XIAP protein, C203Y, while addressing additional variants seen in patients with similar gastrointestinal phenotypes as the C203Y mutation. In agreement with the clinical tests performed on the C203Y patient, protein modeling and molecular dynamics suggest that direct interactions with RIPK2 and Caspase3 are altered by the C203Y mutation and subsequent loss of Zn coordination in the second BIR domain of XIAP. Interestingly, the variant does not appear to alter interactions with SMAC, resulting in further damage to the caspase and NOD2 pathways. To expand the computational strategy designed when studying XIAP, we have applied the molecular modeling tools to a list of 140 variants seen in CFTR associated with cystic fibrosis, and a list of undiagnosed variants in 17 different genes. This paper shows the exciting applications of molecular modeling in the classification and characterization of genetic variants identified in next generation sequencing. Graphical abstract XIAP in Caspase 3 and NOD2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Prokop
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Jozef Lazar
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Gabrielle Crapitto
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - D Casey Smith
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Worthey
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Howard J Jacob
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Gahl WA, Mulvihill JJ, Toro C, Markello TC, Wise AL, Ramoni RB, Adams DR, Tifft CJ. The NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Network: Applications to modern medicine. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:393-400. [PMID: 26846157 PMCID: PMC5560125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inability of some seriously and chronically ill individuals to receive a definitive diagnosis represents an unmet medical need. In 2008, the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (UDP) was established to provide answers to patients with mysterious conditions that long eluded diagnosis and to advance medical knowledge. Patients admitted to the NIH UDP undergo a five-day hospitalization, facilitating highly collaborative clinical evaluations and a detailed, standardized documentation of the individual's phenotype. Bedside and bench investigations are tightly coupled. Genetic studies include commercially available testing, single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis, and family exomic sequencing studies. Selected gene variants are evaluated by collaborators using informatics, in vitro cell studies, and functional assays in model systems (fly, zebrafish, worm, or mouse). INSIGHTS FROM THE UDP In seven years, the UDP received 2954 complete applications and evaluated 863 individuals. Nine vignettes (two unpublished) illustrate the relevance of an undiagnosed diseases program to complex and common disorders, the coincidence of multiple rare single gene disorders in individual patients, newly recognized mechanisms of disease, and the application of precision medicine to patient care. CONCLUSIONS The UDP provides examples of the benefits expected to accrue with the recent launch of a national Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN). The UDN should accelerate rare disease diagnosis and new disease discovery, enhance the likelihood of diagnosing known diseases in patients with uncommon phenotypes, improve management strategies, and advance medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John J Mulvihill
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas C Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anastasia L Wise
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rachel B Ramoni
- Department for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard Dental School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Common Fund, Office of the Director and the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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