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Ferreira AI, Damas-Moreira I, Marshall KLA, Perera A, Harris DJ. What Influences the Prevalence and Intensity of Haemoparasites and Ectoparasites in an Insular Lizard? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040723. [PMID: 36830510 PMCID: PMC9952494 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Island biogeography theories predict that characteristics such as island size, age, and isolation interplay in host-parasite dynamics. In this study, we analyzed haemogregarines of the Aegean wall lizard, Podarcis erhardii, to investigate how island characteristics relate to parasite prevalence and intensity. A previous assessment of 19 Greek island populations suggested that isolation time and host population density were key predictors of haemogregarines. Here, by combining microscopy and genetic techniques, we extend this previous study to four additional islands: Syros, Folegandros, Santorini and Nea Kameni. We also recorded the prevalence of ticks and mites, definitive hosts for these parasites. The genetically identified haemogregarines are part of a clade with parasites from other lizard species, including some considered as Karyolysus, but others assigned to Hepatozoon. The prevalence of these parasites differed significantly between islands, while their intensity did not. The presence of ticks was associated with endoparasite prevalence, and males were more frequently infected by haemogregarines than females. Combining our data with that of the previous study, we found no significant impact of the island age and area on parasite prevalence. We also confirmed the presence of the unrelated parasite genus Schellackia through microscopy and DNA sequencing, which is the first record of this genus in this host species. Our results further highlight the complexity of host-parasite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Isabel Ferreira
- BIOPOLIS Program, CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Damas-Moreira
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Ana Perera
- BIOPOLIS Program, CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - D. James Harris
- BIOPOLIS Program, CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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2
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Stadler SR, Brock KM, Bednekoff PA, Foufopoulos J. More and bigger lizards reside on islands with more resources. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Stadler
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - K. M. Brock
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, College of Natural Resources University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - P. A. Bednekoff
- Department of Biology Eastern Michigan University Ypsilanti MI USA
| | - J. Foufopoulos
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Ann Arbor MI USA
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3
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Patharkar T, Van Passel L, Brock KM. Eat or be eaten? An observation of Podarcis erhardii consuming Scolopendra cingulata from Andros Island, Cyclades, Greece. HERPETOZOA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e94006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Podarcis wall lizards mainly feed on coleopterans, orthopterans, arachnids, and other small invertebrates. However, Aegean wall lizards, Podarcis erhardii, are widely distributed across Aegean islands and are increasingly observed eating non-traditional food items ranging from plant material to conspecific eggs and body parts. Here, we report the first documented case of P. erhardii consuming a large centipede, Scolopendra cingulata. The predator-prey relationship between these species has appeared to go both ways and may intensify on islands.
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4
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Escoriza D. Dispersal patterns of Squamata in the Mediterranean: An evolutionary perspective. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14733-14743. [PMID: 34765137 PMCID: PMC8571612 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean islands have a high diversity of squamates, although they are unevenly distributed. This variability in the composition of the reptile assemblages across islands may have been influenced by differences in the colonization abilities of these species. To evaluate the dispersal capacities of squamate species, we modeled their sea routes using cost surface models. We estimated the effects of some life-history traits and the phylogenetic signal in the characteristics of the modeled dispersal paths. We hypothesized that a significant phylogenetic signal should be present if the dispersal ability is enhanced by traits shared among evolutionarily related species. The results showed that no phylogenetic signal was present in the characteristics of the dispersal paths (i.e., in the distance traveled/bypassed sea depth). Thus, no superior island-colonizer lineages were detected in Mediterranean Squamata. However, our analyses also revealed that small-sized lizards were superior to other groups of squamates at dispersing over long distances on the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escoriza
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic EcologyUniversity of GironaGironaSpain
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5
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Wen G, Jin L, Wu Y, Wang X, Fu J, Qi Y. Low diversity, little genetic structure but no inbreeding in a high-density island endemic pit-viper Gloydius shedaoensis. Curr Zool 2021; 68:526-534. [DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Island species and their ecosystems play an important role in global biodiversity preservation, and many vulnerable island species are conservation priorities. Although insular habitat likely facilitates the species diversification process, it may also aggravate the fragility of these species with high risk of inbreeding. The Shedao pit-viper Gloydius shedaoensis is an island endemic species with an extremely high population density, which has been categorized as vulnerable in the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Red List. We collected 13,148 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) from across its genome and examined its genetic diversity and demographic history. The Shedao pit-viper has a low genetic diversity but shows no sign of inbreeding. Furthermore, population genetic structure analysis, including the neighbor-joining tree, principal coordinate analysis, clustering, and spatial autocorrelation, revealed a general lack of spatial structure. Only the isolation by distance residues suggested a weak patchiness. Overall, the population is nearly panmictic and gene flow is evenly distributed across the island. A large number of individuals, small size of the island, and the lack of population structure likely all contribute to the lack of inbreeding in this species. We also detected signs of male-biased dispersal, which likely is another inbreeding avoidance strategy. Historical demographic analysis suggested that the historical population size and distribution of the species are much larger than their current ones. The multiple transgressive–regressive events since the Late Pleistocene are likely the main cause of the population size changes. Taken together, our results provide a basic scientific foundation for the conservation of this interesting and important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Wen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Yayong Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Nature Conservation of Snake Island and Laotieshan Mountain, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Jinzhong Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yin Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
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Termprayoon K, Rujirawan A, Grismer LL, Jr PLW, Aowphol A. Taxonomic reassessment and phylogenetic placement of Cyrtodactylus phuketensis (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence. Zookeys 2021; 1040:91-121. [PMID: 34135657 PMCID: PMC8178289 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1040.65750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy and phylogeny of the Cyrtodactyluspulchellus complex along the Thai-Malay Peninsular region has been the focus of many recent studies and has resulted in the recognition of 17 species. However, the majority of these studies were focused on Peninsular and insular Malaysia where there were specimens and genetic vouchers. The taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of the Thai species in this complex remain unresolved, due to the lack of genetic material of some species, especially C.phuketensis and C.macrotuberculatus from Thai populations. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic relationship between C.phuketensis and its closely related species C.macrotuberculatus, using both morphometric and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene revealed that C.phuketensis is embedded within a C.macrotuberculatus clade with 1.45–4.20% (mean 2.63%) uncorrected pairwise sequence divergences. Morphological comparisons showed nearly identical measurements of C.phuketensis and C.macrotuberculatus and overlapping ranges in meristic characters. Based on these data, C.phuketensis is considered to be a variant of C.macrotuberculatus, thus rendering C.phuketensis a junior synonym of C.macrotuberculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korkhwan Termprayoon
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Attapol Rujirawan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California 92515, USA La Sierra University Riverside United States of America
| | - Perry L Wood Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA Auburn University Auburn United States of America
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
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Psonis N, Antoniou A, Karameta E, Darriba D, Stamatakis A, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N. The wall lizards of the Balkan peninsula: Tackling questions at the interface of phylogenomics and population genomics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 159:107121. [PMID: 33609707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wall lizards of the genus Podarcis (Sauria, Lacertidae) are the predominant reptile group in southern Europe, including 24 recognized species. Mitochondrial DNA data have shown that, with the exception of P. muralis, the Podarcis species distributed in the Balkan peninsula form a species group that is further sub-divided into two subgroups: the one of "P. tauricus" consisting of P. tauricus, P. milensis, P. gaigeae, and P. melisellensis, and the other of "P. erhardii" comprising P. erhardii, P. levendis, P. cretensis, and P. peloponnesiacus. In an attempt to explore the Balkan Podarcis phylogenomic relationships, assess the levels of genetic structure and to re-evaluate the number of extant species, we employed phylogenomic and admixture approaches on ddRADseq (double digested Restriction site Associated DNA sequencing) genomic data. With this efficient Next Generation Sequencing approach, we were able to obtain a large number of genomic loci randomly distributed throughout the genome and use them to resolve the previously obscure phylogenetic relationships among the different Podarcis species distributed in the Balkans. The obtained phylogenomic relationships support the monophyly of both aforementioned subgroups and revealed several divergent lineages within each subgroup, stressing the need for taxonomic re-evaluation of Podarcis' species in Balkans. The phylogenomic trees and the species delimitation analyses confirmed all recently recognized species (P. levendis, P. cretensis, and P. ionicus) and showed the presence of at least two more species, one in P. erhardii and the other in P. peloponnesiacus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Psonis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Irakleio 70013, Greece.
| | - Aglaia Antoniou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, Irakleio, P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouela Karameta
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Irakleio 70013, Greece
| | - Diego Darriba
- Universidade da Coruña, CITIC, Computer Architecture Group, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alexandros Stamatakis
- The Exelixis Lab, Computational Molecular Evolution Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Theoretical Informatics, Postfach 6980, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio 71409, Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Irakleio 70013, Greece
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escoriza
- GRECO Institute of Aquatic Ecology University of Girona Girona Spain
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9
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Glavaš OJ, Počanić P, Lovrić V, Derežanin L, Tadić Z, Lisičić D. Morphological and ecological divergence in two populations of European glass lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Squamata: Anguidae). Zool Res 2020; 41:172-181. [PMID: 32125102 PMCID: PMC7109015 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The European glass lizard, Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775), is a large, legless lizard with wide distribution across south-eastern Europe and eastern and central Asia. To date, morphological diversification among populations on a geographically small scale has not yet been reported in this lizard. Thus, we investigated the morphological variations and corresponding differences in habitat utilization between two populations of P. apodus inhabiting the same biogeographical zone within a relatively close geographic area. We hypothesized that minor differences in habitat could induce a significant level of morphological differentiation, thus indicating morphological plasticity in this species on a small geographical scale. We sampled 164 individuals (92 from the Croatian mainland and 72 from the island of Cres). Results showed that P. apodus indeed exhibited morphological differences between populations in the same biogeographical zone within a relatively close geographic area, with the Cres Island individuals being generally larger than the individuals from the mainland. Some ecological characteristics were similar in both populations (e.g., soil temperature, distance to hiding place), whereas others were distinct (e.g., air temperature and humidity). In addition, vegetation cover differed between the two sites, with more vegetation present on the mainland than on the island. Furthermore, the Cres Island population showed clear sexual dimorphism, which was absent in the mainland population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Počanić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vanja Lovrić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Lorena Derežanin
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zoran Tadić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Duje Lisičić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. E-mail:
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10
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Schwarz R, Itescu Y, Antonopoulos A, Gavriilidi IA, Tamar K, Pafilis P, Meiri S. Isolation and predation drive gecko life-history evolution on islands. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Insular animals are thought to be under weak predation pressure and increased intraspecific competition compared with those on the mainland. Thus, insular populations are predicted to evolve ‘slow’ life histories characterized by fewer and smaller clutches of larger eggs, a pattern called the ‘island syndrome’. To test this pattern, we collected data on egg volume, clutch size and laying frequency of 31 Aegean Island populations of the closely related geckos of the Mediodactylus kotschyi species complex. We tested how predation pressure, resource abundance, island area and isolation influenced reproductive traits. Isolation and predation were the main drivers of variation in life-history traits. Higher predator richness seemed to promote faster life histories, perhaps owing to predation on adults, whereas the presence of boas promoted slower life histories, perhaps owing to release from predation by rats on the eggs of geckos. Insular geckos followed only some of the predictions of the ‘island syndrome’. Predation pressure seemed to be more complex than expected and drove life histories of species in two opposing directions. Our results highlight the importance of considering the identity of specific predators in ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Schwarz
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Itescu
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonis Antonopoulos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Aikaterini Gavriilidi
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karin Tamar
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC – Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Ahmadpour M, Moradi HV, Rezaei HR, Oshaghi MA, Hapeman P, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A. Genetic diversity and structure of the Great Gerbil,Rhombomys opimus, in Iran (Mammalia: Rodentia). ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2020.1711625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadpour
- Research Center for the Caspian Region, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Varasteh Moradi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul Hapeman
- Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, USA
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12
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Costanzi J, Steifetten Ø. Island biogeography theory explains the genetic diversity of a fragmented rock ptarmigan ( Lagopus muta) population. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3837-3849. [PMID: 31015970 PMCID: PMC6468070 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The island biogeography theory is one of the major theories in ecology, and its applicability to natural systems is well documented. The core model of the theory, the equilibrium model of island biogeography, predicts that species diversity on an island is positively related to the size of the island, but negatively related by the island's distance to the mainland. In recent years, ecologists have begun to apply this model when investigating genetic diversity, arguing that genetic and species diversity might be influenced by similar ecological processes. However, most studies have focused on oceanic islands, but knowledge on how the theory applies to islands located on the mainland (e.g., mountain islands, forest islands) is scarce. In this study, we examined how the size and degree of isolation of mountain islands would affect the genetic diversity of an alpine bird, the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). Within our study area, we defined the largest contiguous mountain area as the mainland, while smaller mountains surrounding the mainland were defined as islands. We found that the observed heterozygosity (H o) was significantly higher, and the inbreeding coefficient (F is) significantly lower, on the mainland compared to islands. There was a positive significant relationship between the unbiased expected heterozygosity (H n.b.) and island size (log km2), but a negative significant relationship between H o and the cost distance to the mainland. Our results are consistent with the equilibrium model of island biogeography and show that the model is well suited for investigating genetic diversity among islands, but also on islands located on the mainland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Marc Costanzi
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBø i TelemarkNorway
| | - Øyvind Steifetten
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental HealthUniversity of South‐Eastern NorwayBø i TelemarkNorway
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13
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Sagonas K, Runemark A, Antoniou A, Lymberakis P, Pafilis P, Valakos ED, Poulakakis N, Hansson B. Selection, drift, and introgression shape MHC polymorphism in lizards. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 122:468-484. [PMID: 30258107 PMCID: PMC6460769 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has long served as a model for the evolution of adaptive genetic diversity in wild populations. Pathogen-mediated selection is thought to be a main driver of MHC diversity, but it remains elusive to what degree selection shapes MHC diversity in complex biogeographical scenarios where other evolutionary processes (e.g. genetic drift and introgression) may also be acting. Here we focus on two closely related green lizard species, Lacerta trilineata and L. viridis, to address the evolutionary forces acting on MHC diversity in populations with different biogeographic structure. We characterized MHC class I exon 2 and exon 3, and neutral diversity (microsatellites), to study the relative importance of selection, drift, and introgression in shaping MHC diversity. As expected, positive selection was a significant force shaping the high diversity of MHC genes in both species. Moreover, introgression significantly increased MHC diversity in mainland populations, with a primary direction of gene flow from L. viridis to L. trilineata. Finally, we found significantly fewer MHC alleles in island populations, but maintained MHC sequence and functional diversity, suggesting that positive selection counteracted the effect of drift. Overall, our data support that different evolutionary processes govern MHC diversity in different biogeographical scenarios: positive selection occurs broadly while introgression acts in sympatry and drift when the population sizes decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sagonas
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - A Runemark
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Antoniou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, 71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P Pafilis
- Department of Zoology and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - E D Valakos
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - N Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, 71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - B Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Belasen AM, Bletz MC, Leite DDS, Toledo LF, James TY. Long-Term Habitat Fragmentation Is Associated With Reduced MHC IIB Diversity and Increased Infections in Amphibian Hosts. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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du Plessis SJ, Howard-McCombe J, Melvin ZE, Sheppard EC, Russo IRM, Mootoocurpen R, Goetz M, Young RP, Cole NC, Bruford MW. Genetic diversity and cryptic population re-establishment: management implications for the Bojer’s skink (Gongylomorphus bojerii). CONSERV GENET 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Psonis N, Antoniou A, Karameta E, Leaché AD, Kotsakiozi P, Darriba D, Kozlov A, Stamatakis A, Poursanidis D, Kukushkin O, Jablonski D, Crnobrnja–Isailović J, Gherghel I, Lymberakis P, Poulakakis N. Resolving complex phylogeographic patterns in the Balkan Peninsula using closely related wall-lizard species as a model system. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 125:100-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Santonastaso T, Lighten J, van Oosterhout C, Jones KL, Foufopoulos J, Anthony NM. The effects of historical fragmentation on major histocompatibility complex class II β and microsatellite variation in the Aegean island reptile, Podarcis erhardii. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4568-4581. [PMID: 28690787 PMCID: PMC5496512 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a key role in disease resistance and is the most polymorphic gene region in vertebrates. Although habitat fragmentation is predicted to lead to a loss in MHC variation through drift, the impact of other evolutionary forces may counter this effect. Here we assess the impact of selection, drift, migration, and recombination on MHC class II and microsatellite variability in 14 island populations of the Aegean wall lizard Podarcis erhardii. Lizards were sampled from islands within the Cyclades (Greece) formed by rising sea levels as the last glacial maximum approximately 20,000 before present. Bathymetric data were used to determine the area and age of each island, allowing us to infer the corresponding magnitude and timing of genetic bottlenecks associated with island formation. Both MHC and microsatellite variation were positively associated with island area, supporting the hypothesis that drift governs neutral and adaptive variation in this system. However, MHC but not microsatellite variability declined significantly with island age. This discrepancy is likely due to the fact that microsatellites attain mutation‐drift equilibrium more rapidly than MHC. Although we detected signals of balancing selection, recombination and migration, the effects of these evolutionary processes appeared negligible relative to drift. This study demonstrates how land bridge islands can provide novel insights into the impact of historical fragmentation on genetic diversity as well as help disentangle the effects of different evolutionary forces on neutral and adaptive diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Santonastaso
- Department of Biological Sciences University of New Orleans New Orleans LA USA
| | - Jackie Lighten
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Denver CO USA
| | - Johannes Foufopoulos
- School of the Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Nicola M Anthony
- Department of Biological Sciences University of New Orleans New Orleans LA USA
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18
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Lourenço A, Álvarez D, Wang IJ, Velo-Antón G. Trapped within the city: integrating demography, time since isolation and population-specific traits to assess the genetic effects of urbanization. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1498-1514. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Lourenço
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto; Rua Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto Portugal
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - David Álvarez
- Ecology Unit; Department of Organisms and Systems Biology; University of Oviedo; C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría 33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Ian J. Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; 130 Mulford Hall #3114 Berkeley CA 94705 USA
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
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19
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Belasen A, Brock K, Li B, Chremou D, Valakos E, Pafilis P, Sinervo B, Foufopoulos J. Fine with heat, problems with water: microclimate alters water loss in a thermally adapted insular lizard. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Belasen
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Univ. of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
- School of Natural Resources and Environment; Univ. of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Kinsey Brock
- School of Natural Resources and Environment; Univ. of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Binbin Li
- School of Natural Resources and Environment; Univ. of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
- Nicholas School of Environment; Duke Univ.; Durham NC USA
| | | | - Efstratios Valakos
- Dept of Animal and Human Physiology; National and Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Dept of Zoology and Marine Biology; National and Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Univ. of California; Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Johannes Foufopoulos
- School of Natural Resources and Environment; Univ. of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
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20
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Carlson E, MacDonald AJ, Adamack A, McGrath T, Doucette LI, Osborne WS, Gruber B, Sarre SD. How many conservation units are there for the endangered grassland earless dragons? CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Harradine EL, Andrew ME, Thomas JW, How RA, Schmitt LH, Spencer PBS. Importance of dispersal routes that minimize open-ocean movement to the genetic structure of island populations. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2015; 29:1704-1714. [PMID: 26171679 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Islands present a unique scenario in conservation biology, offering refuge yet imposing limitations on insular populations. The Kimberley region of northwestern Australia has more than 2500 islands that have recently come into focus as substantial conservation resources. It is therefore of great interest for managers to understand the driving forces of genetic structure of species within these island archipelagos. We used the ubiquitous bar-shouldered skink (Ctenotus inornatus) as a model species to represent the influence of landscape factors on genetic structure across the Kimberley islands. On 41 islands and 4 mainland locations in a remote area of Australia, we genotyped individuals across 18 nuclear (microsatellite) markers. Measures of genetic differentiation and diversity were used in two complementary analyses. We used circuit theory and Mantel tests to examine the influence of the landscape matrix on population connectivity and linear regression and model selection based on Akaike's information criterion to investigate landscape controls on genetic diversity. Genetic differentiation between islands was best predicted with circuit-theory models that accounted for the large difference in resistance to dispersal between land and ocean. In contrast, straight-line distances were unrelated to either resistance distances or genetic differentiation. Instead, connectivity was determined by island-hopping routes that allow organisms to minimize the distance of difficult ocean passages. Island populations of C. inornatus retained varying degrees of genetic diversity (NA = 1.83 - 7.39), but it was greatest on islands closer to the mainland, in terms of resistance-distance units. In contrast, genetic diversity was unrelated to island size. Our results highlight the potential for islands to contribute to both theoretical and applied conservation, provide strong evidence of the driving forces of population structure within undisturbed landscapes, and identify the islands most valuable for conservation based on their contributions to gene flow and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Harradine
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - M E Andrew
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - J W Thomas
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - R A How
- School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - L H Schmitt
- School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - P B S Spencer
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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22
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Unraveling the evolutionary history of the Chilostoma Fitzinger, 1833 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) lineages in Greece. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 91:210-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Marshall KLA, Philpot KE, Damas-Moreira I, Stevens M. Intraspecific Colour Variation among Lizards in Distinct Island Environments Enhances Local Camouflage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135241. [PMID: 26372454 PMCID: PMC4570707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Within-species colour variation is widespread among animals. Understanding how this arises can elucidate evolutionary mechanisms, such as those underlying reproductive isolation and speciation. Here, we investigated whether five island populations of Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis erhardii) have more effective camouflage against their own (local) island substrates than against other (non-local) island substrates to avian predators, and whether this was linked to island differences in substrate appearance. We also investigated whether degree of local substrate matching varied among island populations and between sexes. In most populations, both sexes were better matched against local backgrounds than against non-local backgrounds, particularly in terms of luminance (perceived lightness), which usually occurred when local and non-local backgrounds were different in appearance. This was found even between island populations that historically had a land connection and in populations that have been isolated relatively recently, suggesting that isolation in these distinct island environments has been sufficient to cause enhanced local background matching, sometimes on a rapid evolutionary time-scale. However, heightened local matching was poorer in populations inhabiting more variable and unstable environments with a prolonged history of volcanic activity. Overall, these results show that lizard coloration is tuned to provide camouflage in local environments, either due to genetic adaptation or changes during development. Yet, the occurrence and extent of selection for local matching may depend on specific conditions associated with local ecology and biogeographic history. These results emphasize how anti-predator adaptations to different environments can drive divergence within a species, which may contribute to reproductive isolation among populations and lead to ecological speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. A. Marshall
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E. Philpot
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Damas-Moreira
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Martin Stevens
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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24
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Runemark A, Sagonas K, Svensson EI. Ecological explanations to island gigantism: dietary niche divergence, predation, and size in an endemic lizard. Ecology 2015; 96:2077-92. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1996.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Clutch Size Variability in an Ostensibly Fix-Clutched Lizard: Effects of Insularity on a Mediterranean Gecko. Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Brock KM, Bednekoff PA, Pafilis P, Foufopoulos J. Evolution of antipredator behavior in an island lizard species,Podarcis erhardii(Reptilia: Lacertidae): The sum of all fears? Evolution 2014; 69:216-31. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinsey M. Brock
- School of Natural Resources & Environment; University of Michigan, Dana Hall, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Peter A. Bednekoff
- Department of Biology; Eastern Michigan University, Mark Jefferson Science Complex, 900 Oakwood Street, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197
| | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Section of Human and Animal Physiology; Department of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis 157-84, Athens, Greece
| | - Johannes Foufopoulos
- School of Natural Resources & Environment; University of Michigan, Dana Hall, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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27
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Tseng SP, Li SH, Hsieh CH, Wang HY, Lin SM. Influence of gene flow on divergence dating - implications for the speciation history of Takydromus grass lizards. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4770-84. [PMID: 25142551 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dating the time of divergence and understanding speciation processes are central to the study of the evolutionary history of organisms but are notoriously difficult. The difficulty is largely rooted in variations in the ancestral population size or in the genealogy variation across loci. To depict the speciation processes and divergence histories of three monophyletic Takydromus species endemic to Taiwan, we sequenced 20 nuclear loci and combined with one mitochondrial locus published in GenBank. They were analysed by a multispecies coalescent approach within a Bayesian framework. Divergence dating based on the gene tree approach showed high variation among loci, and the divergence was estimated at an earlier date than when derived by the species-tree approach. To test whether variations in the ancestral population size accounted for the majority of this variation, we conducted computer inferences using isolation-with-migration (IM) and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) frameworks. The results revealed that gene flow during the early stage of speciation was strongly favoured over the isolation model, and the initiation of the speciation process was far earlier than the dates estimated by gene- and species-based divergence dating. Due to their limited dispersal ability, it is suggested that geographical isolation may have played a major role in the divergence of these Takydromus species. Nevertheless, this study reveals a more complex situation and demonstrates that gene flow during the speciation process cannot be overlooked and may have a great impact on divergence dating. By using multilocus data and incorporating Bayesian coalescence approaches, we provide a more biologically realistic framework for delineating the divergence history of Takydromus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Tseng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan; Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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28
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Kurita K, Hikida T, Toda M. An investigation for population maintenance mechanism in a miniature garden: genetic connectivity or independence of small islet populations of the Ryukyu five-lined skink. J Hered 2014; 105:773-83. [PMID: 25189776 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ryukyu five-lined skink (Plestiodon marginatus) is an island lizard that is even found in tiny islets with less than half a hectare of habitat area. We hypothesized that the island populations are maintained under frequent gene flow among the islands or independent of each other. To test our hypotheses, we investigated genetic structure of 21 populations from 11 land-bridge islands that were connected during the latest glacial age, and 4 isolated islands. Analyses using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence (n = 67) and 10 microsatellite loci (n = 235) revealed moderate to high levels of genetic differentiation, existence of many private alleles/haplotypes in most islands, little contemporary migration, a positive correlation between genetic variability and island area, and a negative correlation between relatedness and island area. These evidences suggest a strong effect of independent genetic drift as opposed to gene flow, favoring the isolation hypothesis even in tiny islet populations. Isolation-by-distance effect was demonstrated and it became more prominent when the 4 isolated islands were excluded, suggesting that the pattern is a remnant of the land-bridge age. In a few island populations, however, the possibility of occasional overwater dispersals was partially supported and therefore could not be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kurita
- From the Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan (Kurita and Hikida) and Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan (Toda).
| | - Tsutomu Hikida
- From the Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan (Kurita and Hikida) and Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan (Toda)
| | - Mamoru Toda
- From the Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan (Kurita and Hikida) and Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan (Toda)
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29
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Taylor ZS, Hoffman SMG. Landscape models for nuclear genetic diversity and genetic structure in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 112:588-95. [PMID: 24448564 PMCID: PMC4023441 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic changes in the North American landscape over the last 12 000 years have shaped the genomes of the small mammals, such as the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), which currently inhabit the region. However, very recent interactions of populations with each other and the environment are expected to leave the most pronounced signature on rapidly evolving nuclear microsatellite loci. We analyzed landscape characteristics and microsatellite markers of P. leucopus populations along a transect from southern Ohio to northern Michigan, in order to evaluate hypotheses about the spatial distribution of genetic heterogeneity. Genetic diversity increased to the north and was best approximated by a single-variable model based on habitat availability within a 0.5-km radius of trapping sites. Interpopulation differentiation measured by clustering analysis was highly variable and not significantly related to latitude or habitat availability. Interpopulation differentiation measured as FST values and chord distance was correlated with the proportion of habitat intervening, but was best explained by agricultural distance and by latitude. The observed gradients in diversity and interpopulation differentiation were consistent with recent habitat availability being the major constraint on effective population size in this system, and contradicted the predictions of both the postglacial expansion and core-periphery hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Taylor
- Department of Biology, Miami
University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - S M G Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Miami
University, Oxford, OH, USA
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30
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Wang S, Zhu W, Gao X, Li X, Yan S, Liu X, Yang J, Gao Z, Li Y. Population size and time since island isolation determine genetic diversity loss in insular frog populations. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:637-48. [PMID: 24351057 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1 Datun Beichen West Road Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19 Yuquan Road Shijingshan Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1 Datun Beichen West Road Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19 Yuquan Road Shijingshan Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1 Datun Beichen West Road Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19 Yuquan Road Shijingshan Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xianping Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1 Datun Beichen West Road Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19 Yuquan Road Shijingshan Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shaofei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1 Datun Beichen West Road Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19 Yuquan Road Shijingshan Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1 Datun Beichen West Road Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
| | - Ji Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1 Datun Beichen West Road Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
| | - Zengxiang Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road Lao Shan Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology; Institute of Zoology; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1 Datun Beichen West Road Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
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31
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Yuan N, Comes HP, Mao YR, Qi XS, Qiu YX. Genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the Thousand-Island Lake region of southeast China on the distylous herb Hedyotis chrysotricha (Rubiaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2012; 99:1715-25. [PMID: 23024122 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Known-age artificial-lake islands provide ideal model systems to elucidate the genetic and evolutionary consequences of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on very recent time scales. Here, we studied a distylous herb, Hedyotis chrysotricha (Rubiaceae), in the artificially created Thousand-Island Lake (TIL) region of southeast China to explore the genetic consequences of islanding for this species. • METHODS Seven microsatellite loci were used to genotype 384 individuals of H. chrysotricha from 18 populations to estimate genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic parameters. • KEY RESULTS Island populations had significantly lower mean genetic diversity than those from the western/eastern mainland (e.g., H(E) = 0.381 vs. 0.461) and also displayed higher mean subdivision (F(ST) = 0.12 vs. 0.042/0.051). BayesAss analyses indicated moderate levels of migration rates among most populations, whereas Bottleneck did not provide strong evidence for such effects. In consequence, 2MOD strongly favored a gene flow-drift model over a pure drift model in the study area, but concomitantly revealed a relatively greater influence of drift in the island populations as evidenced by their significantly higher probabilities of allelic coancestry (F = 0.184 vs. 0.085). • CONCLUSIONS The observed genetic patterns in H. chrysotricha indicate that recent anthropogenic habitat fragmentation in the TIL region can lead to significant loss of genetic diversity in isolated fragments (islands) due to ongoing drift. By contrast, patterns of random mating, gene flow, and population connectivity have not greatly been modified yet, possibly owing to the species' fruit (seed) dispersal capabilities providing resilience in the face of habitat fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhang D, Xu Y, Zhang G, Sun Z. Effects of fragmentation on genetic variation in populations of the terrestrial earthworm Drawida japonicaMichaelsen, 1892 (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae) in Shandong and Liaodong peninsulas, China. J NAT HIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.659769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Runemark A, Hey J, Hansson B, Svensson EI. Vicariance divergence and gene flow among islet populations of an endemic lizard. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:117-29. [PMID: 22129244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allopatry and allopatric speciation can arise through two different mechanisms: vicariance or colonization through dispersal. Distinguishing between these different allopatric mechanisms is difficult and one of the major challenges in biogeographical research. Here, we address whether allopatric isolation in an endemic island lizard is the result of vicariance or dispersal. We estimated the amount and direction of gene flow during the divergence of isolated islet populations and subspecies of the endemic Skyros wall lizard Podarcis gaigeae, a phenotypically variable species that inhabits a major island and small islets in the Greek archipelago. We applied isolation-with-migration models to estimate population divergence times, population sizes and gene flow between islet-mainland population pairs. Divergence times were significantly correlated with independently estimated geological divergence times. This correlation strongly supports a vicariance scenario where islet populations have sequentially become isolated from the major island. We did not find evidence for significant gene flow within P. g. gaigeae. However, gene-flow estimates from the islet to the mainland populations were positively affected by islet area and negatively by distance between the islet and mainland. We also found evidence for gene flow from one subspecies (P. g. weigandi) into another (P. g. gaigeae), but not in the other direction. Ongoing gene flow between the subspecies suggests that even in this geographically allopatric scenario with the sea posing a strong barrier to dispersal, divergence with some gene flow is still feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Runemark
- Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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34
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Mapelli FJ, Mora MS, Mirol PM, Kittlein MJ. Population structure and landscape genetics in the endangered subterranean rodent Ctenomys porteousi. CONSERV GENET 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Runemark A, Gabirot M, Svensson EI. Population divergence in chemical signals and the potential for premating isolation between islet- and mainland populations of the Skyros wall lizard (Podarcis gaigeae). J Evol Biol 2011; 24:795-809. [PMID: 21261773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
When sexually selected traits diverge because of different local selective environments, premating isolation might arise as a correlated response. However, sexually selected traits might also diverge by stochastic forces. Here, we show that odour-based mate preferences and scent composition have diverged between islet- and mainland populations of Skyros wall lizard, Podarcis gaigeae. We quantified the degree of scent-mediated premating isolation between populations. Islet lizards preferred scent from islet lizards, whereas the mainland populations were less discriminatory. The pheromone compositions differed more between islets than between islet- and mainland populations and did not differ significantly between mainland populations. There was a tendency for population divergence in pheromones to be positively correlated with neutral genetic divergence. This might indicate a role for genetic drift in evolutionary change in these signals and partial decoupling between signals and preferences. Our results suggest that chemical signals and associated mate preferences can diverge through stochastic and selective forces and influence premating isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Runemark
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Foufopoulos J, Kilpatrick AM, Ives AR. Climate change and elevated extinction rates of reptiles from Mediterranean Islands. Am Nat 2011; 177:119-29. [PMID: 21091198 PMCID: PMC3104022 DOI: 10.1086/657624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent climate change has caused the distributions of many species to shift poleward, yet few empirical studies have addressed which species will be vulnerable to longer-term climate changes. To investigate past consequences of climate change, we calculated the population extinction rates of 35 reptile species from 87 Greek land-bridge islands in the Mediterranean that occurred over the past 16,000 years. Population extinction rates were higher for those species that today have more northern distributions. We further found that northern species requiring cool, mesic habitats had less available suitable habitat among islands, implicating loss of suitable habitat in their elevated extinction rates. These extinctions occurred in the context of increasing habitat fragmentation, with islands shrinking and separating as sea levels rose. Thus, the circumstances faced by reptiles on the islands are similar to challenges for numerous species today that must cope with a changing climate while living in an increasingly human-fragmented landscape. Our island-biogeographical approach to investigating historical population extinctions gives insight into the long-term patterns of species responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Foufopoulos
- School of Natural Resources & Environment, Dana Hall, 440 Church St., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1041
- Department. of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - A. Marm Kilpatrick
- Department. of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Consortium for Conservation Medicine, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Anthony R. Ives
- Department. of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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