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Pankey MS, Gochfeld DJ, Gastaldi M, Macartney KJ, Clayshulte Abraham A, Slattery M, Lesser MP. Phylosymbiosis and metabolomics resolve phenotypically plastic and cryptic sponge species in the genus Agelas across the Caribbean basin. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17321. [PMID: 38529721 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Fundamental to holobiont biology is recognising how variation in microbial composition and function relates to host phenotypic variation. Sponges often exhibit considerable phenotypic plasticity and also harbour dense microbial communities that function to protect and nourish hosts. One of the most prominent sponge genera on Caribbean coral reefs is Agelas. Using a comprehensive set of morphological (growth form, spicule), chemical and molecular data on 13 recognised species of Agelas in the Caribbean basin, we were able to define only five species (=clades) and found that many morphospecies designations were incongruent with phylogenomic and population genetic analyses. Microbial communities were also strongly differentiated between phylogenetic species, showing little evidence of cryptic divergence and relatively low correlation with morphospecies assignment. Metagenomic analyses also showed strong correspondence to phylogenetic species, and to a lesser extent, geographical and morphological characters. Surprisingly, the variation in secondary metabolites produced by sponge holobionts was explained by geography and morphospecies assignment, in addition to phylogenetic species, and covaried significantly with a subset of microbial symbionts. Spicule characteristics were highly plastic, under greater impact from geographical location than phylogeny. Our results suggest that while phenotypic plasticity is rampant in Agelas, morphological differences within phylogenetic species affect functionally important ecological traits, including the composition of the symbiotic microbial communities and metabolomic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Pankey
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - D J Gochfeld
- National Center for Natural Products Research and Environmental Toxicology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Gastaldi
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - K J Macartney
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - A Clayshulte Abraham
- Division of Environmental Toxicology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Slattery
- Division of Environmental Toxicology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M P Lesser
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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2
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Böök IM, Michael KP, Lane HS, Cornwall CE, Bell JJ, Phillips NE. Limited impact of a bioeroding sponge, Cliona sp., on Ostrea chilensis from Foveaux Strait, New Zealand. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2023; 155:59-71. [PMID: 37589490 DOI: 10.3354/dao03743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioeroding sponges can cause extensive damage to aquaculture and wild shellfish fisheries. It has been suggested that heavy sponge infestations that reach the inner cavity of oysters may trigger shell repair and lead to adductor detachment. Consequently, energy provision into shell repair could reduce the energy available for other physiological processes and reduce the meat quality of commercially fished oysters. Nevertheless, the impacts of boring sponges on oysters and other shellfish hosts are inconclusive. We studied the interaction between boring sponges and their hosts and examined potential detrimental effects on an economically important oyster species Ostrea chilensis from Foveaux Strait (FS), New Zealand. We investigated the effect of different infestation levels with the bioeroding sponge Cliona sp. on commercial meat quality, condition, reproduction, and disease susceptibility. Meat quality was assessed with an index based on visual assessments used in the FS O. chilensis fishery. Meat condition was assessed with a common oyster condition index, while histological methods were used to assess sex, gonad stage, reproductive capacity, and pathogen presence. Commercial meat quality and condition of O. chilensis were unaffected by sponge infestation. There was no relationship between sex ratio, gonad developmental stage, or gonad index and sponge infestation. Lastly, we found no evidence that sponge infestation affects disease susceptibility in O. chilensis. Our results suggest that O. chilensis in FS is largely unaffected by infestation with Cliona sp. and therefore reinforces the growing body of evidence that the effects of sponge infestation can be highly variable among different host species, environments, and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke M Böök
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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3
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Bettcher L, Fernandez JCC, Gastaldi M, Bispo A, Leal CV, Leite D, Avelino-Alves D, Clerier PHB, Rezende D, Gulart CMR, Pinheiro U, Hajdu E. Checklist, diversity descriptors and selected descriptions of a highly diverse intertidal sponge (Porifera) assemblage at Costa do Descobrimento (Bahia, Brazil). Zootaxa 2023; 5277:443-489. [PMID: 37518309 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Costa do Descobrimento is located in southern Bahia, Brazil, and only 22 species of sponges (Porifera) were known from the area until now, despite its important reef formations. In the present study, we report a checklist of the sponges of Costa do Descobrimento and their distribution in the studied reefs, with several species illustrated in life. We also describe nine new sponge records for this region, some of which are new records for Brazil, or new records of species previously only poorly known. We present alpha and beta diversity indices and compare the sponge assemblage of the sampled locations. Four reefs were considered: two fringing reefs (Arraial D'Ajuda-AA and Coroa Vermelha / Mutá-CVM) and two offshore Municipal Marine Park "Parque Municipal Marinho- (P.M.M. Coroa Alta-CA and P.M.M. Recife de Fora-RF). A total of 229 specimens were collected (224 Demospongiae, 2 Homoscleromorpha and 3 Calcarea). These were classified in 101 morphotypes. Studied materials included representatives of 15 orders, 34 families and 48 genera. The richest orders are Haplosclerida (29 spp.), Poecilosclerida (15 spp.) and Tetractinellida (11 spp.). The richest families were Chalinidae (24 spp.), Clionaidae (7 spp.) and Mycalidae and Suberitidae (6 spp. each). The richest genus is, by far, Haliclona (20 spp.). Only 13 species were shared among all four reefs surveyed, namely Amphimedon viridis, Cinachyrella alloclada, C. apion, Cladocroce caelum, Cliona varians, Dysidea robusta, Mycale (Naviculina) diversisigmata, Niphates erecta, Spirastrella hartmani, Tedania (Tedania) ignis, Terpios fugax, Tethya bitylastra and T. maza. The reefs with the highest richness were CA and CVM, and the lowest richness was observed in RF. The most similar reefs in terms of species composition were CA and CVM, while AA and RF were more dissimilar to the previous reefs, but also from each other. While the difference among CA, CVM and AA was mainly explained by species turnover, RF differed from the previous based on its lower richness (nestedness component). Even though CA and CVM were the richest reefs, AA presented the highest number of exclusive species, highlighting the uniqueness of this reef, and urging the inclusion of local beachrock fringing reefs in a more holistic conservation strategy at Costa do Descobrimento.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Bettcher
- Centro de Biociências; Departamento de Zoologia-Laboratório de Porifera-LABPOR; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo; 1235; 50670-901; Cidade Universitária; Recife; PE; Brazil; Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
| | - Julio C C Fernandez
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
| | - Marianela Gastaldi
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil; Departamento de Biología; Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; San Martín 247; 8520 San Antonio Oeste; Río Negro; República Argentina; CONICET-Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni; Güemes; 1030 San Antonio Oeste; República Argentina..
| | - André Bispo
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
| | - Camille V Leal
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil; Departamento de Genética; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho; 373; 21941-902; Cidade Universitária; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil..
| | - Dora Leite
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
| | - Dhara Avelino-Alves
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
| | - Pedro H B Clerier
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
| | - Dafinny Rezende
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
| | - Clara M R Gulart
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
| | - Ulisses Pinheiro
- Centro de Biociências; Departamento de Zoologia-Laboratório de Porifera-LABPOR; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo; 1235; 50670-901; Cidade Universitária; Recife; PE; Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Departamento de Invertebrados; Museu Nacional; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Quinta da Boa Vista; s/n; 20940-040; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
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Quek ZBR, Ng JY, Jain SS, Long JXS, Lim SC, Tun K, Huang D. Low genetic diversity and predation threaten a rediscovered marine sponge. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22499. [PMID: 36577798 PMCID: PMC9797562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26970-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered in 1819 in the tropical waters off Singapore, the magnificent Neptune's cup sponge Cliona patera (Hardwicke, 1820) was harvested for museums and collectors until it was presumed extinct worldwide for over a century since 1907. Recently in 2011, seven living individuals were rediscovered in Singapore with six relocated to a marine protected area in an effort to better monitor and protect the population, as well as to enhance external fertilisation success. To determine genetic diversity within the population, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA of these six individuals and found extremely limited variability in their genes. The low genetic diversity of this rediscovered population is confirmed by comparisons with close relatives of C. patera and could compromise the population's ability to recover from environmental and anthropogenic pressures associated with the highly urbanised coastlines of Singapore. This lack of resilience is compounded by severe predation which has been shrinking sponge sizes by up to 5.6% every month. Recovery of this highly endangered population may require ex situ approaches and crossbreeding with other populations, which are also rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. B. Randolph Quek
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juat Ying Ng
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.467827.80000 0004 0620 8814National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudhanshi S. Jain
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. X. Sean Long
- grid.462738.c0000 0000 9091 4551Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee Cheng Lim
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karenne Tun
- grid.467827.80000 0004 0620 8814National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danwei Huang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Centre for Nature-Based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Samaai T, Turner TL, Kara J, Yemane D, Ngwakum BB, Payne RP, Kerwath S. Confirmation of the southern African distribution of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) in the context of its global dispersal. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14388. [PMID: 36452081 PMCID: PMC9703993 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intertidal rocky shore surveys along the South African coastline (∼3,000 km) have demonstrated the presence and abundance of the encrusting orange sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814), a well-known globally distributed species. After analysing the southern African populations, we gained a better understanding of the genetic structure of this now-accepted global species. Apart from confirming the presence of a single population of H. perlevis, we also determined its distribution in the southern African intertidal rocky shore ecosystem, compared its genetic diversity to congeners, predict its global distribution via environmental niche modelling, and discussed possible underlying mechanisms controlling the species' global distribution. Methods We surveyed the South African coastline and sampled sponges at 53 rocky shore sites spanning over 3,000 km, from Grosse Bucht south of Lüderitz (Namibia) to Kosi Bay on the east coast of South Africa. DNA sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and the COI mitochondrial gene were obtained from 61 samples and compared them to a world-wide sample of other H. perlevis sequences. Using environmental predictor variables from the global dataset BIO-ORACLE, we predicted the probability of global occurrence of the species using an ensemble of eight distribution models. Results South African specimens were found to be 99-100% identical to other populations of H. perlevis (=H. sinapium) from other world-wide regions. The presence of a single population of H. perlevis in southern Africa is supported by genetic data, extending its distribution to a relatively wide geographical range spanning more than 4,000 km along the temperate southern African coast. The predicted global occurrence by ensemble model matched well with the observed distribution. Surface temperature mean and range were the most important predictor variables. Conclusion While H. perlevis appears to have been introduced in many parts of the world, its origins in Europe and southern Africa are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufiek Samaai
- Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Department of Research and Exhibitions, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Oceans & Coasts Research, Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Environment, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Thomas L. Turner
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jyothi Kara
- Department of Research and Exhibitions, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Dawit Yemane
- Fisheries Research and Development, Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Environment, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Benedicta Biligwe Ngwakum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Robyn P. Payne
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sven Kerwath
- Fisheries Research and Development, Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Environment, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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Kraus EA, Mellenthin LE, Siwiecki SA, Song D, Yan J, Janmey PA, Sweeney AM. Rheology of marine sponges reveals anisotropic mechanics and tuned dynamics. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220476. [PMID: 36259170 PMCID: PMC9579767 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges are animals that inhabit many aquatic environments while filtering small particles and ejecting metabolic wastes. They are composed of cells in a bulk extracellular matrix, often with an embedded scaffolding of stiff, siliceous spicules. We hypothesize that the mechanical response of this heterogeneous tissue to hydrodynamic flow influences cell proliferation in a manner that generates the body of a sponge. Towards a more complete picture of the emergence of sponge morphology, we dissected a set of species and subjected discs of living tissue to physiological shear and uniaxial deformations on a rheometer. Various species exhibited rheological properties such as anisotropic elasticity, shear softening and compression stiffening, negative normal stress, and non-monotonic dissipation as a function of both shear strain and frequency. Erect sponges possessed aligned, spicule-reinforced fibres which endowed three times greater stiffness axially compared with orthogonally. By contrast, tissue taken from shorter sponges was more isotropic but time-dependent, suggesting higher flow sensitivity in these compared with erect forms. We explore ecological and physiological implications of our results and speculate about flow-induced mechanical signalling in sponge cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile A. Kraus
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren E. Mellenthin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sara A. Siwiecki
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dawei Song
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Quantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison M. Sweeney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Quantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Núñez-Pons L, Mazzella V, Rispo F, Efremova J, Calcinai B. DNA Barcoding Procedures for Taxonomical and Phylogenetic Studies in Marine Animals: Porifera as a Case Study. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2498:195-223. [PMID: 35727546 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2313-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA barcoding is a versatile approach that has revolutionized taxonomy and other akin topics in biology and ecology, due to its simplicity and relatively costless procedures. The method consists in the production of one or a few amplicons from informative genetic regions via Sanger sequencing. These markers are selected because they tend to evolve at a similar pace as speciation, allowing to discriminate organismal species. The applicability of this technique is here portrayed for the taxonomical identification of marine sponges (phylum: Porifera) as an exemplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Núñez-Pons
- Dept. Integrated Marine Ecology (EMI) Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Naples, Italy.
| | - Valerio Mazzella
- Dept. Integrated Marine Ecology (EMI) Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Rispo
- Dept. Integrated Marine Ecology (EMI) Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Naples, Italy
- DISTAV Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Ambiente e della Vita. Universitá degli studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jana Efremova
- Dept. Integrated Marine Ecology (EMI) Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Calcinai
- DiSVa Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, Genoa, Italy
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Moussa M, Choulak S, Rhouma‐Chatti S, Chatti N, Said K. First insight of genetic diversity, phylogeographic relationships, and population structure of marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis from the eastern and western Mediterranean coasts of Tunisia. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8494. [PMID: 35136554 PMCID: PMC8809441 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the strategic localization of Tunisia in the Mediterranean Sea, no phylogeographic study on sponges has been investigated along its shores. The demosponge Chondrosia reniformis, descript only morphologically along Tunisian coasts, was chosen to estimate the influence of natural oceanographic and biogeographic barriers on its genetic differentiation and its Phylogeography. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified and analyzed for 70 Mediterranean Chondrosia reniformis, collected from eight localities in Tunisia. Polymorphism results revealed high values of haplotype diversity (H d) and very low nucleotide diversity (π). Thus, these results suggest that our sponge populations of C. reniformis may have undergone a bottleneck followed by rapid demographic expansion. This suggestion is strongly confirmed by the results of neutrality tests and "mismatch distribution." The important number of haplotypes between localities and the high genetic differentiation (F st ranged from 0.590 to 0.788) of the current C. reniformis populations could be maintained by the limited gene flow Nm (0.10-0.18). Both haplotype Network and the biogeographic analysis showed a structured distribution according to the geographic origin. C. reniformis populations are subdivided into two major clades: Western and Eastern Mediterranean. This pattern seems to be associated with the well-known discontinuous biogeographic area: the Siculo-Tunisian Strait, which separates two water bodies circulating with different hydrological, physical, and chemical characteristics. The short dispersal of pelagic larvae of C. reniformis and the marine bio-geographic barrier created high differentiation among populations. Additionally, it is noteworthy to mention that the "Mahres/Kerkennah" group diverged from Eastern groups in a single sub-clade. This result was expected, the region Mahres/Kerkennah, presented a particular marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Moussa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Sarra Choulak
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Soumaya Rhouma‐Chatti
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Noureddine Chatti
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Khaled Said
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
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9
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Santín A, Uriz MJ, Cristobo J, Xavier JR, Ríos P. Unique spicules may confound species differentiation: taxonomy and biogeography of Melonanchora Carter, 1874 and two new related genera (Myxillidae: Poecilosclerida) from the Okhotsk Sea. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12515. [PMID: 35036117 PMCID: PMC8710052 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges are amongst the most difficult benthic taxa to properly identify, which has led to a prevalence of cryptic species in several sponge genera, especially in those with simple skeletons. This is particularly true for sponges living in remote or hardly accessible environments, such as the deep-sea, as the inaccessibility of their habitat and the lack of accurate descriptions usually leads to misclassifications. However, species can also remain hidden even when they belong to genera that have particularly characteristic features. In these cases, researchers inevitably pay attention to these peculiar features, sometimes disregarding small differences in the other "typical" spicules. The genus Melonanchora Carter, 1874, is among those well suited for a revision, as their representatives possess a unique type of spicule (spherancorae). After a thorough review of the material available for this genus from several institutions, four new species of Melonanchora, M. tumultuosa sp. nov., M. insulsa sp. nov., M. intermedia sp. nov. and M. maeli sp. nov. are formally described from different localities across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Additionally, all Melonanchora from the Okhotsk Sea and nearby areas are reassigned to other genera; Melonanchora kobjakovae is transferred to Myxilla (Burtonanchora) while two new genera, Hanstoreia gen. nov. and Arhythmata gen. nov. are created to accommodate Melonanchora globogilva and Melonanchora tetradedritifera, respectively. Hanstoreia gen. nov. is closest to Melonanchora, whereas Arhythmata gen. nov., is closer to Stelodoryx, which is most likely polyphyletic and in need of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Santín
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Uriz
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Cristobo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón., Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, EU‑US Marine Biodiversity Group, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana R. Xavier
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pilar Ríos
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón., Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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10
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Ngwakum BB, Payne RP, Teske PR, Janson L, Kerwath SE, Samaai T. Hundreds of new DNA barcodes for South African sponges. SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1915896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedicta B. Ngwakum
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Robyn P. Payne
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter R. Teske
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Liesl Janson
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Oceans & Coasts Branch, Oceans & Coasts Research, Private Bag X4390, Cape Town, 8001, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sven E. Kerwath
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries Branch, Fisheries Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Toufiek Samaai
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Oceans & Coasts Branch, Oceans & Coasts Research, Private Bag X4390, Cape Town, 8001, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
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11
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Griffiths SM, Butler MJ, Behringer DC, Pérez T, Preziosi RF. Oceanographic features and limited dispersal shape the population genetic structure of the vase sponge Ircinia campana in the Greater Caribbean. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 126:63-76. [PMID: 32699391 PMCID: PMC7852562 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding population genetic structure can help us to infer dispersal patterns, predict population resilience and design effective management strategies. For sessile species with limited dispersal, this is especially pertinent because genetic diversity and connectivity are key aspects of their resilience to environmental stressors. Here, we describe the population structure of Ircinia campana, a common Caribbean sponge subject to mass mortalities and disease. Microsatellites were used to genotype 440 individuals from 19 sites throughout the Greater Caribbean. We found strong genetic structure across the region, and significant isolation by distance across the Lesser Antilles, highlighting the influence of limited larval dispersal. We also observed spatial genetic structure patterns congruent with oceanography. This includes evidence of connectivity between sponges in the Florida Keys and the southeast coast of the United States (>700 km away) where the oceanographic environment is dominated by the strong Florida Current. Conversely, the population in southern Belize was strongly differentiated from all other sites, consistent with the presence of dispersal-limiting oceanographic features, including the Gulf of Honduras gyre. At smaller spatial scales (<100 km), sites showed heterogeneous patterns of low-level but significant genetic differentiation (chaotic genetic patchiness), indicative of temporal variability in recruitment or local selective pressures. Genetic diversity was similar across sites, but there was evidence of a genetic bottleneck at one site in Florida where past mass mortalities have occurred. These findings underscore the relationship between regional oceanography and weak larval dispersal in explaining population genetic patterns, and could inform conservation management of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Griffiths
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - Mark J Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Donald C Behringer
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thierry Pérez
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Richard F Preziosi
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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12
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PAcheco C, Carballo JL, Cruz-Barraza JA, Schönberg CHL, Calcinai B. Delimiting boundaries between species: excavating sponges close to Cliona mucronata (Demospongiae). SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1776785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian PAcheco
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, México
| | - José Luis Carballo
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, México
| | - JosÉ Antonio Cruz-Barraza
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, México
| | - Christine Hanna Lydia Schönberg
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
- Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia
| | - Barbara Calcinai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Le Marche, Italia
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13
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Erpenbeck D, Gholami A, Hesni MA, Ranjbar MS, Galitz A, Eickhoff B, Namuth L, Schumacher T, Esmaeili HR, Wörheide G, Teimori A. Molecular biodiversity of Iranian shallow water sponges. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1737978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
- GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Aref Gholami
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76169-14111, Iran
| | - Majid Askari Hesni
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76169-14111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharif Ranjbar
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Biology, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Adrian Galitz
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Benjamin Eickhoff
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Leonard Namuth
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schumacher
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
- GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
- SNSB - Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Azad Teimori
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76169-14111, Iran
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14
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Costa G, Violi B, Bavestrello G, Pansini M, Bertolino M. Aplysina aerophoba (Nardo, 1833) (Porifera, Demospongiae): an unexpected miniaturised growth form from the tidal zone of Mediterranean caves: morphology and DNA barcoding. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1720833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Costa
- DiSTAV, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - B. Violi
- DiSTAV, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - M. Pansini
- DiSTAV, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - M. Bertolino
- DiSTAV, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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15
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Mote S, Schönberg CHL, Samaai T, Gupta V, Ingole B. A new clionaid sponge infests live corals on the west coast of India (Porifera, Demospongiae, Clionaida). SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1513430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambhaji Mote
- CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Christine H. L. Schönberg
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute of The University of Western Australia, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, the University of Western Australia, Fairway Entrance 4, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia
| | - Toufiek Samaai
- Department of Environmental Affairs, Oceans and Coasts Branch, Oceans and Coasts Research Chief Directorate, Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Directorate, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, 8012, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Vishal Gupta
- CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Baban Ingole
- CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
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16
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Kordbacheh A, Wallace RL, Walsh EJ. Evidence supporting cryptic species within two sessile microinvertebrates, Limnias melicerta and L. ceratophylli (Rotifera, Gnesiotrocha). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205203. [PMID: 30379825 PMCID: PMC6209156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, including rotifers, are thought to be capable of long distance dispersal. Therefore, they should show little population genetic structure due to high gene flow. Nevertheless, substantial genetic structure has been reported among populations of many taxa. In rotifers, genetic studies have focused on planktonic taxa leaving sessile groups largely unexplored. Here, we used COI gene and ITS region sequences to study genetic structure and delimit cryptic species in two sessile species (Limnias melicerta [32 populations]; L. ceratophylli [21 populations]). Among populations, ITS region sequences were less variable as compared to those of the COI gene (ITS; L. melicerta: 0-3.1% and L. ceratophylli: 0-4.4%; COI; L. melicerta: 0-22.7% and L. ceratophylli: 0-21.7%). Moreover, L. melicerta and L. ceratophylli were not resolved in phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences. Thus, we used COI sequences for species delimitation. Bayesian Species Delimitation detected nine putative cryptic species within L. melicerta and four putative cryptic species for L. ceratophylli. The genetic distance in the COI gene was 0-15.4% within cryptic species of L. melicerta and 0.5-0.6% within cryptic species of L. ceratophylli. Among cryptic species, COI genetic distance ranged 8.1-21.9% for L. melicerta and 15.1-21.2% for L. ceratophylli. The correlation between geographic and genetic distance was weak or lacking; thus geographic isolation cannot be considered a strong driver of genetic variation. In addition, geometric morphometric analyses of trophi did not show significant variation among cryptic species. In this study we used a conservative approach for species delimitation, yet we were able to show that species diversity in these sessile rotifers is underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Kordbacheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Wallace
- Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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17
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Taboada S, Riesgo A, Wiklund H, Paterson GLJ, Koutsouveli V, Santodomingo N, Dale AC, Smith CR, Jones DOB, Dahlgren TG, Glover AG. Implications of population connectivity studies for the design of marine protected areas in the deep sea: An example of a demosponge from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4657-4679. [PMID: 30378207 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The abyssal demosponge Plenaster craigi inhabits the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the northeast Pacific, a region with abundant seafloor polymetallic nodules with potential mining interest. Since P. craigi is a very abundant encrusting sponge on nodules, understanding its genetic diversity and connectivity could provide important insights into extinction risks and design of marine protected areas. Our main aim was to assess the effectiveness of the Area of Particular Environmental Interest 6 (APEI-6) as a potential genetic reservoir for three adjacent mining exploration contract areas (UK-1A, UK-1B and OMS-1A). As in many other sponges, COI showed extremely low variability even for samples ~900 km apart. Conversely, the 168 individuals of P. craigi, genotyped for 11 microsatellite markers, provided strong genetic structure at large geographical scales not explained by isolation by distance (IBD). Interestingly, we detected molecular affinities between samples from APEI-6 and UK-1A, despite being separated ~800 km. Although our migration analysis inferred very little progeny dispersal of individuals between areas, the major differentiation of OMS-1A from the other areas might be explained by the occurrence of predominantly northeasterly transport predicted by the HYCOM hydrodynamic model. Our study suggests that although APEI-6 does serve a conservation role, with species connectivity to the exploration areas, it is on its own inadequate as a propagule source for P. craigi for the entire eastern portion of the CCZ. Our new data suggest that an APEI located to the east and/or the south of the UK-1, OMS-1, BGR, TOML and NORI areas would be highly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Taboada
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Helena Wiklund
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrew C Dale
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, UK
| | - Craig R Smith
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Daniel O B Jones
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas G Dahlgren
- NORCE, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adrian G Glover
- Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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18
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Shaffer MR, Davy SK, Bell JJ. Hidden diversity in the genus Tethya: comparing molecular and morphological techniques for species identification. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:354-369. [PMID: 30131516 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Correctly determining species' identity is critical for estimating biodiversity and effectively managing marine populations, but is difficult for species that have few morphological traits or are highly plastic. Sponges are considered a taxonomically difficult group because they lack multiple consistent diagnostic features, which coupled with their common phenotypic plasticity, makes the presence of species complexes likely, but difficult to detect. Here, we investigated the evolutionary relationship of Tethya spp. in central New Zealand using both molecular and morphological techniques to highlight the potential for cryptic speciation in sponges. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on two mitochondrial markers (rnl, COI-ext) and one nuclear marker (18S) revealed three genetic clades, with one clade representing Tethya bergquistae and two clades belonging to what was a priori thought to be a single species, Tethya burtoni. Eleven microsatellite markers were also used to further resolve the T. burtoni group, revealing a division consistent with the 18S and rnl data. Morphological analysis based on spicule characteristics allowed T. bergquistae to be distinguished from T. burtoni, but revealed no apparent differences between the T. burtoni clades. Here, we highlight hidden genetic diversity within T. burtoni, likely representing a group consisting of incipient species that have undergone speciation but have yet to express clear morphological differences. Our study supports the notion that cryptic speciation in sponges may go undetected and diversity underestimated when using only morphology-based taxonomy, which has broad scale implications for conservation and management of marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Shaffer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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19
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Alvizu A, Eilertsen MH, Xavier JR, Rapp HT. Increased taxon sampling provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, Calcarea). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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BluePharmTrain: Biology and Biotechnology of Marine Sponges. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Darling JA, Carlton JT. A Framework for Understanding Marine Cosmopolitanism in the Anthropocene. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2018; 5:293. [PMID: 31019910 PMCID: PMC6475922 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed growing appreciation for the ways in which human-mediated species introductions have reshaped marine biogeography. Despite this we have yet to grapple fully with the scale and impact of anthropogenic dispersal in both creating and determining contemporary distributions of marine taxa. In particular, the past several decades of research on marine biological invasions have revealed that broad geographic distributions of coastal marine organisms-historically referred to simply as "cosmopolitanism"-may belie complex interplay of both natural and anthropogenic processes. Here we describe a framework for understanding contemporary cosmopolitanism, informed by a synthesis of the marine bioinvasion literature. Our framework defines several novel categories in an attempt to provide a unified terminology for discussing cosmopolitan distributions in the world's oceans. We reserve the term eucosmopolitan to refer to those species for which data exist to support a true, natural, and prehistorically global (or extremely broad) distribution. While in the past this has been the default assumption for species observed to exhibit contemporary cosmopolitan distributions, we argue that given recent advances in marine invasion science this assignment should require positive evidence. In contrast, neocosmopolitan describes those species that have demonstrably achieved extensive geographic ranges only through historical anthropogenic dispersal, often facilitated over centuries of human maritime traffic. We discuss the history and human geography underpinning these neocosmopolitan distributions, and illustrate the extent to which these factors may have altered natural biogeographic patterns. We define the category pseudocosmopolitan to encompass taxa for which a broad distribution is determined (typically after molecular investigation) to reflect multiple, sometimes regionally endemic, lineages with uncertain taxonomic status; such species may remain cosmopolitan only so long as taxonomic uncertainty persists, after which they may splinter into multiple geographically restricted species. We discuss the methods employed to identify such species and to resolve both their taxonomic status and their biogeographic histories. We argue that recognizing these different types of cosmopolitanism, and the important role that invasion science has played in understanding them, is critically important for the future study of both historical and modern marine biogeography, ecology, and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Darling
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - James T. Carlton
- Maritime Studies Program, Williams College-Mystic Seaport, Mystic, CT, United States
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States
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22
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Núñez Pons L, Calcinai B, Gates RD. Who's there? - First morphological and DNA barcoding catalogue of the shallow Hawai'ian sponge fauna. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189357. [PMID: 29267311 PMCID: PMC5739426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sponge fauna has been largely overlooked in the Archipelago of Hawai'i, notwithstanding the paramount role of this taxon in marine ecosystems. The lack of knowledge about Porifera populations inhabiting the Hawai'ian reefs limits the development of ecological studies aimed at understanding the functioning of these marine systems. Consequently, this project addresses this gap by describing the most representative sponge species in the shallow waters of the enigmatic bay of Kane'ohe Bay, in O'ahu Island. A total of 30 species (28 demosponges and two calcareous sponges) living associated to the reef structures are here reported. Six of these species are new records to the Hawai'ian Porifera catalogue and are suspected to be recent introductions to these islands. Morphological descriptions of the voucher specimens are provided, along with sequencing data of two partitions involving the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker and a fragment covering partial (18S and 28S) and full (ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2) nuclear ribosomal genes. Species delimitations based on genetic distances were calculated to valitate how taxonomic assignments from DNA barcoding aligned with morphological identifications. Of the 60 sequences submitted to GenBank ~88% are the first sequencing records for the corresponding species and genetic marker. This work compiles the first catalogue combining morphological characters with DNA barcoding of Hawai'ian sponges, and contributes to the repository of public databases through the Sponge Barcoding Project initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Núñez Pons
- Dept. of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM) Stazione Zoologica ‘Anton Dohrn’ (SZN), Villa Comunale Naples, Italy
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Barbara Calcinai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ruth D. Gates
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mänoa, Lilipuna rd. Kane'ohe, HI, Hawai'i, United States of America
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23
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Álvarez-Campos P, Giribet G, San Martín G, Rouse GW, Riesgo A. Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Carella M, Agell G, Cárdenas P, Uriz MJ. Phylogenetic Reassessment of Antarctic Tetillidae (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida) Reveals New Genera and Genetic Similarity among Morphologically Distinct Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160718. [PMID: 27557130 PMCID: PMC4996456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Tetillidae are distributed worldwide. However, some genera are unresolved and only a few genera and species of this family have been described from the Antarctic. The incorporation of 25 new COI and 18S sequences of Antarctic Tetillidae to those used recently for assessing the genera phylogeny, has allowed us to improve the resolution of some poorly resolved nodes and to confirm the monophyly of previously identified clades. Classical genera such as Craniella recovered their traditional diagnosis by moving the Antarctic Tetilla from Craniella, where they were placed in the previous family phylogeny, to Antarctotetilla gen. nov. The morphological re-examination of specimens used in the previous phylogeny and their comparison to the type material revealed misidentifications. The proposed monotypic new genus Levantinella had uncertain phylogenetic relationships depending on the gene partition used. Two more clades would require the inclusion of additional species to be formally established as new genera. The parsimony tree based on morphological characters and the secondary structure of the 18S (V4 region) almost completely matched the COI M1-M6 and the COI+18S concatenated phylogenies. Morphological synapomorphies have been identified for the genera proposed. New 15 28S (D3-D5) and 11 COI I3-M11 partitions were exclusively sequenced for the Antarctic species subset. Remarkably, species within the Antarctic genera Cinachyra (C. barbata and C. antarctica) and Antarctotetilla (A. leptoderma, A. grandis, and A. sagitta), which are clearly distinguishable morphologically, were not genetically differentiated with any of the markers assayed. Thus, as it has been reported for other Antarctic sponges, both the mitochondrial and nuclear partitions used did not differentiate species that were well characterized morphologically. Antarctic Tetillidae offers a rare example of genetically cryptic (with the traditional markers used for sponges), morphologically distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Carella
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain
| | - Gemma Agell
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7208 “BOrEA”, Paris, France
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy, BioMedical Centre, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J. Uriz
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés Cala St Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes (Girona), Spain
- * E-mail:
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25
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Swift H, Gómez Daglio L, Dawson M. Three routes to crypsis: Stasis, convergence, and parallelism in the Mastigias species complex (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 99:103-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Erpenbeck D, Voigt O, Al-Aidaroos AM, Berumen ML, Büttner G, Catania D, Guirguis AN, Paulay G, Schätzle S, Wörheide G. Molecular biodiversity of Red Sea demosponges. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:507-514. [PMID: 26776057 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are important constituents of coral reef ecosystems, including those around the Arabian Peninsula. Despite their importance, our knowledge on demosponge diversity in this area is insufficient to recognize, for example, faunal changes caused by anthropogenic disturbances. We here report the first assessment of demosponge molecular biodiversity from Arabia, with focus on the Saudi Arabian Red Sea, based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal molecular markers gathered in the framework of the Sponge Barcoding Project. We use a rapid molecular screening approach on Arabian demosponge collections and analyze results in comparison against published material in terms of biodiversity. We use a variable region of 28S rDNA, applied for the first time in the assessment of demosponge molecular diversity. Our data constitutes a solid foundation for a future more comprehensive understanding of sponge biodiversity of the Red Sea and adjacent waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Oliver Voigt
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali M Al-Aidaroos
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabriele Büttner
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Catania
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Naguib Guirguis
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gustav Paulay
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Simone Schätzle
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.
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Knapp IS, Forsman ZH, Williams GJ, Toonen RJ, Bell JJ. Cryptic species obscure introduction pathway of the blue Caribbean sponge (Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea), (order: Haplosclerida) to Palmyra Atoll, Central Pacific. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1170. [PMID: 26339548 PMCID: PMC4558080 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptic species are widespread across the phylum Porifera making the identification of non-indigenous species difficult, an issue not easily resolved by the use of morphological characteristics. The widespread order Haplosclerida is a prime example due to limited and plastic morphological features. Here, we study the reported introduction of Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea from the Caribbean to Palmyra Atoll via Hawai'i using morphological characteristics and genetic analyses based on one nuclear (18s rDNA) and three mitochondrial (COI, the barcoding COI extension (COI ext.) and rnl rDNA) markers. Despite no clear division in lengths of the oxea spicules between the samples, both mtDNA and nDNA phylogenetic trees supported similar topologies resolving two distinct clades. Across the two clades, the concatenated mtDNA tree resolved twelve subclades, with the COI ext. yielding most of the variability between the samples. Low sequence divergence values (0.68%) between two of the subclades indicate that the same species is likely to occur at Palmyra, Hawai'i and the Caribbean, supporting the hypothesis that H. caerulea was introduced to Palmyra from the Caribbean, although whether species came directly from the Caribbean to Palmyra or from Hawai'i remains unresolved. Conversely, the pattern of highly divergent cryptic species supports the notion that traditionally used spicule measurements are taxonomically unreliable in this group. This study illustrates how understanding the scale of within- as opposed to between-species level genetic variation is critical for interpreting biogeographic patterns and inferring the origins of introduced organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S. Knapp
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Kāneʻohe, HI, USA
| | - Zac H. Forsman
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Kāneʻohe, HI, USA
| | - Gareth J. Williams
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert J. Toonen
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Kāneʻohe, HI, USA
| | - James J. Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Laakkonen HM, Strelkov P, Väinölä R. Molecular lineage diversity and inter-oceanic biogeographical history inHiatella(Mollusca, Bivalvia). ZOOL SCR 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M. Laakkonen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History; POB 17 FI-00014 University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Petr Strelkov
- Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology; St. Petersburg State University; 16 Line, 29 Vasilevsky Island Saint Petersburg 199178 Russia
| | - Risto Väinölä
- Finnish Museum of Natural History; POB 17 FI-00014 University of Helsinki Finland
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Bell JJ, McGrath E, Biggerstaff A, Bates T, Cárdenas CA, Bennett H. Global conservation status of sponges. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2015; 29:42-53. [PMID: 25599574 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are important for maintaining ecosystem function and integrity of marine and freshwater benthic communities worldwide. Despite this, there has been no assessment of their current global conservation status. We assessed their status, accounting for the distribution of research effort; patterns of temporal variation in sponge populations and assemblages; the number of sponges on threatened species lists; and the impact of environmental pressures. Sponge research effort has been variable; marine sponges in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean and freshwater sponges in Europe and North America have received the most attention. Although sponge abundance has increased in some locations since 1990, these were typically on coral reefs, in response to declines in other benthic organisms, and restricted to a few species. Few data were available on temporal trends in freshwater sponge abundance. Despite over 8500 described sponge species, only 20 are on threatened species lists, and all are marine species from the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. Of the 202 studies identified, the effects of temperature, suspended sediment, substratum loss, and microbial pathogens have been studied the most intensively for marine sponges, although responses appear to be variable. There were 20 studies examining environmental impacts on freshwater sponges, and most of these were on temperature and heavy metal contamination. We found that most sponges do not appear to be threatened globally. However, little information is available for most species and more data are needed on the impacts of anthropogenic-related pressures. This is a critical information gap in understanding sponge conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
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DeBiasse MB, Hellberg ME. Discordance between morphological and molecular species boundaries among Caribbean species of the reef sponge Callyspongia. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:663-75. [PMID: 25691989 PMCID: PMC4328770 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges are among the most species-rich and ecologically important taxa on coral reefs, yet documenting their diversity is difficult due to the simplicity and plasticity of their morphological characters. Genetic attempts to identify species are hampered by the slow rate of mitochondrial sequence evolution characteristic of sponges and some other basal metazoans. Here we determine species boundaries of the Caribbean coral reef sponge genus Callyspongia using a multilocus, model-based approach. Based on sequence data from one mitochondrial (COI), one ribosomal (28S), and two single-copy nuclear protein-coding genes, we found evolutionarily distinct lineages were not concordant with current species designations in Callyspongia. While C. fallax,C. tenerrima, and C. plicifera were reciprocally monophyletic, four taxa with different morphologies (C. armigera,C. longissima,C. eschrichtii, and C. vaginalis) formed a monophyletic group and genetic distances among these taxa overlapped distances within them. A model-based method of species delimitation supported collapsing these four into a single evolutionary lineage. Variation in spicule size among these four taxa was partitioned geographically, not by current species designations, indicating that in Callyspongia, these key taxonomic characters are poor indicators of genetic differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest a complex relationship between morphology and species boundaries in sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B DeBiasse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
- Correspondence Melissa B DeBiasse, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803., Tel: 225 578 4284; Fax: 225 578 2597; E-mail:
| | - Michael E Hellberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
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31
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Phylogenetic relationships within the snapping shrimp genus Synalpheus (Decapoda: Alpheidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 77:116-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Schuchert P. High genetic diversity in the hydroid Plumularia setacea: A multitude of cryptic species or extensive population subdivision? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 76:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Villamor A, Costantini F, Abbiati M. Genetic structuring across marine biogeographic boundaries in rocky shore invertebrates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101135. [PMID: 24983738 PMCID: PMC4077735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogeography investigates spatial patterns of species distribution. Discontinuities in species distribution are identified as boundaries between biogeographic areas. Do these boundaries affect genetic connectivity? To address this question, a multifactorial hierarchical sampling design, across three of the major marine biogeographic boundaries in the central Mediterranean Sea (Ligurian-Tyrrhenian, Tyrrhenian-Ionian and Ionian-Adriatic) was carried out. Mitochondrial COI sequence polymorphism of seven species of Mediterranean benthic invertebrates was analysed. Two species showed significant genetic structure across the Tyrrhenian-Ionian boundary, as well as two other species across the Ionian Sea, a previously unknown phylogeographic barrier. The hypothesized barrier in the Ligurian-Tyrrhenian cannot be detected in the genetic structure of the investigated species. Connectivity patterns across species at distances up to 800 km apart confirmed that estimates of pelagic larval dispersal were poor predictors of the genetic structure. The detected genetic discontinuities seem more related to the effect of past historical events, though maintained by present day oceanographic processes. Multivariate statistical tools were used to test the consistency of the patterns across species, providing a conceptual framework for across-species barrier locations and strengths. Additional sequences retrieved from public databases supported our findings. Heterogeneity of phylogeographic patterns shown by the 7 investigated species is relevant to the understanding of the genetic diversity, and carry implications for conservation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Villamor
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Federica Costantini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Marco Abbiati
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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Cruz-Barraza JA, Vega C, Carballo JL. Taxonomy of family Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from eastern Pacific coral reefs, through morphology andcox1andcob mtDNA data. Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Cruz-Barraza
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán); Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, PO box 811 Mazatlán SIN 82000 México
| | - Cristina Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán); Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, PO box 811 Mazatlán SIN 82000 México
| | - José Luis Carballo
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unidad Académica Mazatlán); Avenida Joel Montes Camarena s/n, PO box 811 Mazatlán SIN 82000 México
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35
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Abdul Wahab M, Fromont J, Whalan S, Webster N, Andreakis N. Combining morphometrics with molecular taxonomy: How different are similar foliose keratose sponges from the Australian tropics? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 73:23-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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First molecular phylogeny of the circumtropical bivalve family Pinnidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia): evidence for high levels of cryptic species diversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 75:11-23. [PMID: 24569016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The family Pinnidae Leach, 1819, includes approximately 50 species of large subtidal and coastal marine bivalves. These commercially important species occur in tropical and temperate waters around the world and are most frequently found in seagrass meadows. The taxonomy of the family has been revised a number of times since the early 20th Century, the most recent revision recognizing 55 species distributed in three genera: Pinna, Atrina and Streptopinna, the latter being monotypic. However, to date no phylogenetic analysis of the family has been conducted using morphological or molecular data. The present study analyzed 306 pinnid specimens from around the world, comprising the three described genera and ca. 25 morphospecies. We sequenced the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and the nuclear ribosomal genes 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the data revealed monophyly of the genus Atrina but also that the genus Streptopinna is nested within Pinna. Based on the strong support for this relationship we propose a new status for Streptopinna Martens, 1880 and treat it as a subgenus (status nov.) of Pinna Linnaeus, 1758. The phylogeny and the species delimitation analyses suggest the presence of cryptic species in many morphospecies displaying a wide Indo-Pacific distribution, including Pinna muricata, Atrina assimilis, A. exusta and P. (Streptopinna) saccata but also in the Atlantic species A. rigida. Altogether our results highlight the challenges associated with morphological identifications in Pinnidae due to the presence of both phenotypic plasticity and morphological stasis and reveal that many pinnid species are not as widely distributed as previously thought.
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Becking LE, Erpenbeck D, Peijnenburg KTCA, de Voogd NJ. Phylogeography of the sponge Suberites diversicolor in Indonesia: insights into the evolution of marine lake populations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75996. [PMID: 24098416 PMCID: PMC3788070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of multiple independently derived populations in landlocked marine lakes provides an opportunity for fundamental research into the role of isolation in population divergence and speciation in marine taxa. Marine lakes are landlocked water bodies that maintain a marine character through narrow submarine connections to the sea and could be regarded as the marine equivalents of terrestrial islands. The sponge Suberites diversicolor (Porifera: Demospongiae: Suberitidae) is typical of marine lake habitats in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Four molecular markers (two mitochondrial and two nuclear) were employed to study genetic structure of populations within and between marine lakes in Indonesia and three coastal locations in Indonesia, Singapore and Australia. Within populations of S. diversicolor two strongly divergent lineages (A & B) (COI: p = 0.4% and ITS: p = 7.3%) were found, that may constitute cryptic species. Lineage A only occurred in Kakaban lake (East Kalimantan), while lineage B was present in all sampled populations. Within lineage B, we found low levels of genetic diversity in lakes, though there was spatial genetic population structuring. The Australian population is genetically differentiated from the Indonesian populations. Within Indonesia we did not record an East-West barrier, which has frequently been reported for other marine invertebrates. Kakaban lake is the largest and most isolated marine lake in Indonesia and contains the highest genetic diversity with genetic variants not observed elsewhere. Kakaban lake may be an area where multiple putative refugia populations have come into secondary contact, resulting in high levels of genetic diversity and a high number of endemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontine E. Becking
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department Marine Zoology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Maritime Department, Den Helder, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology & GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department Marine Zoology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole J. de Voogd
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department Marine Zoology, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Swierts T, Peijnenburg KTCA, de Leeuw C, Cleary DFR, Hörnlein C, Setiawan E, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D, de Voogd NJ. Lock, stock and two different barrels: comparing the genetic composition of morphotypes of the indo-pacific sponge Xestospongia testudinaria. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74396. [PMID: 24069308 PMCID: PMC3771914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant barrel sponge Xestospongiatestudinaria is an ecologically important species that is widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific. Little is known, however, about the precise biogeographic distribution and the amount of morphological and genetic variation in this species. Here we provide the first detailed, fine-scaled (<200 km(2)) study of the morphological and genetic composition of X. testudinaria around Lembeh Island, Indonesia. Two mitochondrial (CO1 and ATP6 genes) and one nuclear (ATP synthase β intron) DNA markers were used to assess genetic variation. We identified four distinct morphotypes of X. testudinaria around Lembeh Island. These morphotypes were genetically differentiated with both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Our results indicate that giant barrel sponges around Lembeh Island, which were all morphologically identified as X. testudinaria, consist of at least two different lineages that appear to be reproductively isolated. The first lineage is represented by individuals with a digitate surface area, CO1 haplotype C5, and is most abundant around the harbor area of Bitung city. The second lineage is represented by individuals with a predominantly smooth surface area, CO1 haplotype C1 and can be found all around Lembeh Island, though to a lesser extent around the harbor of Bitung city. Our findings of two additional unique genetic lineages suggests the presence of an even broader species complex possibly containing more than two reproductively isolated species. The existence of X. testudinaria as a species complex is a surprising result given the size, abundance and conspicuousness of the sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Swierts
- Marine Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg
- Marine Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan de Leeuw
- Marine Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel F. R. Cleary
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christine Hörnlein
- Yerseke Marine Microbiology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Setiawan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, München, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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Becking LE. Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific. Zookeys 2013:39-76. [PMID: 23794884 PMCID: PMC3689107 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.298.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Placospongia are common within the tropical Indo-West Pacific, demonstrating a wide variety of colors and either branching or encrusting growth forms. A revision of Indo-West Pacific Placospongia was undertaken based on a redescription of the holotypes of species of Placospongia from the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific and an examination of an additional 103 specimens of Placospongia ssp. collected from Indonesia (including Vosmaer and Vernhout 1902 material), Seychelles, India, Singapore and Micronesia. One mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear (ITS) marker were subsequently used to differentiate species. All Placospongia species are characterized by selenasters and tylostyles in two size classes. The combination of microsclere diversity and morphology as well as megasclere size were shown to be informative morphometric characters, supported by molecular evidence. Live coloration and growth form is shown to be unreliable for diagnoses. The study of holotypes found that Placospongia mixta is a valid species and that two genus transfers are necessary: Geodinella anthosigma is a Placospongia and Placospongia labyrinthica is a Geodia. A new species is also described from an anchialine pool in Indonesia, Placospongia santodomingoaesp. n.; bringing the total fauna of Placospongia species in the Indo-West Pacific to five: Placospongia anthosigma, Placospongia carinata, Placospongia mixta, Placospongia melobesioides, and Placospongia santodomingoaesp. n. An identification key is given. Two additional species, possibly morphologically cryptic, have been identified by molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontine E Becking
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Marine Zoology Department, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands ; IMARES - Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, P.O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands
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40
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Alex A, Vasconcelos V, Tamagnini P, Santos A, Antunes A. Unusual symbiotic cyanobacteria association in the genetically diverse intertidal marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Demospongiae, Halichondrida). PLoS One 2012; 7:e51834. [PMID: 23251637 PMCID: PMC3522618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria represent one of the most common members of the sponge-associated bacterial community and are abundant symbionts of coral reef ecosystems. In this study we used Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and molecular techniques (16S rRNA gene marker) to characterize the spatial distribution of cyanobionts in the widely dispersed marine intertidal sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis along the coast of Portugal (Atlantic Ocean). We described new sponge associated cyanobacterial morphotypes (Xenococcus-like) and we further observed Acaryochloris sp. as a sponge symbiont, previously only reported in association with ascidians. Besides these two unique cyanobacteria, H. perlevis predominantly harbored Synechococcus sp. and uncultured marine cyanobacteria. Our study supports the hypothesis that the community of sponge cyanobionts varies irrespective of the geographical location and is likely influenced by seasonal fluctuations. The observed multiple cyanobacterial association among sponges of the same host species over a large distance may be attributed to horizontal transfer of symbionts. This may explain the absence of a co-evolutionary pattern between the sponge host and its symbionts. Finally, in spite of the short geographic sampling distance covered, we observed an unexpected high intra-specific genetic diversity in H. perlevis using the mitochondrial genes ATP6 (π = 0.00177), COI (π = 0.00241) and intergenic spacer SP1 (π = 0.00277) relative to the levels of genetic variation of marine sponges elsewhere. Our study suggests that genotypic variation among the sponge host H. perlevis and the associated symbiotic cyanobacteria diversity may be larger than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Alex
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arlete Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Phylogenetic relationships among the Caribbean members of the Cliona viridis complex (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 64:271-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Waeschenbach A, Porter JS, Hughes RN. Molecular variability in the Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa; Cheilostomata) species complex: evidence for cryptic speciation from complete mitochondrial genomes. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8601-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Van Soest RWM, Boury-Esnault N, Vacelet J, Dohrmann M, Erpenbeck D, De Voogd NJ, Santodomingo N, Vanhoorne B, Kelly M, Hooper JNA. Global diversity of sponges (Porifera). PLoS One 2012; 7:e35105. [PMID: 22558119 PMCID: PMC3338747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the completion of a single unified classification, the Systema Porifera (SP) and subsequent development of an online species database, the World Porifera Database (WPD), we are now equipped to provide a first comprehensive picture of the global biodiversity of the Porifera. An introductory overview of the four classes of the Porifera is followed by a description of the structure of our main source of data for this paper, the WPD. From this we extracted numbers of all 'known' sponges to date: the number of valid Recent sponges is established at 8,553, with the vast majority, 83%, belonging to the class Demospongiae. We also mapped for the first time the species richness of a comprehensive set of marine ecoregions of the world, data also extracted from the WPD. Perhaps not surprisingly, these distributions appear to show a strong bias towards collection and taxonomy efforts. Only when species richness is accumulated into large marine realms does a pattern emerge that is also recognized in many other marine animal groups: high numbers in tropical regions, lesser numbers in the colder parts of the world oceans. Preliminary similarity analysis of a matrix of species and marine ecoregions extracted from the WPD failed to yield a consistent hierarchical pattern of ecoregions into marine provinces. Global sponge diversity information is mostly generated in regional projects and resources: results obtained demonstrate that regional approaches to analytical biogeography are at present more likely to achieve insights into the biogeographic history of sponges than a global perspective, which appears currently too ambitious. We also review information on invasive sponges that might well have some influence on distribution patterns of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob W M Van Soest
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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44
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Abstract
Knowledge of the functioning, health state, and capacity for recovery of marine benthic organisms and assemblages has become essential to adequately manage and preserve marine biodiversity. Molecular tools have allowed an entirely new way to tackle old and new questions in conservation biology and ecology, and sponge science is following this lead. In this review, we discuss the biological and ecological studies of sponges that have used molecular markers during the past 20 years and present an outlook for expected trends in the molecular ecology of sponges in the near future. We go from (1) the interface between inter- and intraspecies studies, to (2) phylogeography and population level analyses, (3) intra-population features such as clonality and chimerism, and (4) environmentally modulated gene expression. A range of molecular markers has been assayed with contrasting success to reveal cryptic species and to assess the genetic diversity and connectivity of sponge populations, as well as their capacity to respond to environmental changes. We discuss the pros and cons of the molecular gene partitions used to date and the prospects of a plentiful supply of new markers for sponge ecological studies in the near future, in light of recently available molecular technologies. We predict that molecular ecology studies of sponges will move from genetics (the use of one or some genes) to genomics (extensive genome or transcriptome sequencing) in the forthcoming years and that sponge ecologists will take advantage of this research trend to answer ecological and biological questions that would have been impossible to address a few years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Uriz
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Girona, Spain.
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Cárdenas P, Pérez T, Boury-Esnault N. Sponge systematics facing new challenges. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2012; 61:79-209. [PMID: 22560778 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387787-1.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Systematics is nowadays facing new challenges with the introduction of new concepts and new techniques. Compared to most other phyla, phylogenetic relationships among sponges are still largely unresolved. In the past 10 years, the classical taxonomy has been completely overturned and a review of the state of the art appears necessary. The field of taxonomy remains a prominent discipline of sponge research and studies related to sponge systematics were in greater number in the Eighth World Sponge Conference (Girona, Spain, September 2010) than in any previous world sponge conferences. To understand the state of this rapidly growing field, this chapter proposes to review studies, mainly from the past decade, in sponge taxonomy, nomenclature and phylogeny. In a first part, we analyse the reasons of the current success of this field. In a second part, we establish the current sponge systematics theoretical framework, with the use of (1) cladistics, (2) different codes of nomenclature (PhyloCode vs. Linnaean system) and (3) integrative taxonomy. Sponges are infamous for their lack of characters. However, by listing and discussing in a third part all characters available to taxonomists, we show how diverse characters are and that new ones are being used and tested, while old ones should be revisited. We then review the systematics of the four main classes of sponges (Hexactinellida, Calcispongiae, Homoscleromorpha and Demospongiae), each time focusing on current issues and case studies. We present a review of the taxonomic changes since the publication of the Systema Porifera (2002), and point to problems a sponge taxonomist is still faced with nowadays. To conclude, we make a series of proposals for the future of sponge systematics. In the light of recent studies, we establish a series of taxonomic changes that the sponge community may be ready to accept. We also propose a series of sponge new names and definitions following the PhyloCode. The issue of phantom species (potential new species revealed by molecular studies) is raised, and we show how they could be dealt with. Finally, we present a general strategy to help us succeed in building a Porifera tree along with the corresponding revised Porifera classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cárdenas
- Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7208 "BOrEA", Paris, France
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Reveillaud J, Allewaert C, Pérez T, Vacelet J, Banaigs B, Vanreusel A. Relevance of an integrative approach for taxonomic revision in sponge taxa: case study of the shallow-water Atlanto-Mediterranean Hexadella species (Porifera:Ianthellidae:Verongida). INVERTEBR SYST 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/is11044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The identification of sponges that lack a mineral skeleton is always highly challenging, especially for Hexadella species, which are also fibreless. Recently, the yellow species Hexadella pruvoti Topsent was identified as a cryptic species complex while the pink coloured Hexadella racovitzai Topsent showed two highly divergent lineages. We performed a COI phylogenetic reconstruction using 27 new Mediterranean Hexadella samples in order to confirm the presence of divergent lineages within both shallow-water species. Specimens were described with an integrative approach combining morphological and cytological investigations, biochemical profiling and assessment of natural toxicity in order to identify diagnostic characters for each taxon. H. topsenti, sp. nov. is distinguished from H. racovitzai by its colour, its surface network shape, divergent secondary metabolite patterns and toxicity values. H. crypta, sp. nov. differs from H. pruvoti by a different encrusting growth form when alive, and by distinctively colouring the ethanol fixative solution. In addition, H. pruvoti and H. crypta show different types of cells with inclusions as well as distinct metabolic fingerprints. Natural toxicity values, however, do not permit the separation of H. pruvoti and H. crypta. Our work shows that only the use of a combination of complementary tools can provide relevant descriptions for some problematic taxa.
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de Paula TS, Zilberberg C, Hajdu E, Lôbo-Hajdu G. Morphology and molecules on opposite sides of the diversity gradient: Four cryptic species of the Cliona celata (Porifera, Demospongiae) complex in South America revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 62:529-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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DAILIANIS T, TSIGENOPOULOS CS, DOUNAS C, VOULTSIADOU E. Genetic diversity of the imperilled bath sponge Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 across the Mediterranean Sea: patterns of population differentiation and implications for taxonomy and conservation. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:3757-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cárdenas P, Xavier JR, Reveillaud J, Schander C, Rapp HT. Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae(p)) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18318. [PMID: 21494664 PMCID: PMC3072971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae(p)) is geographically and bathymetrically widely distributed. Systema Porifera currently includes five families in this order: Ancorinidae, Calthropellidae, Geodiidae, Pachastrellidae and Thrombidae. To date, molecular phylogenetic studies including Astrophorida species are scarce and offer limited sampling. Phylogenetic relationships within this order are therefore for the most part unknown and hypotheses based on morphology largely untested. Astrophorida taxa have very diverse spicule sets that make them a model of choice to investigate spicule evolution. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS With a sampling of 153 specimens (9 families, 29 genera, 89 species) covering the deep- and shallow-waters worldwide, this work presents the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida, using a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene partial sequence and the 5' end terminal part of the 28S rDNA gene (C1-D2 domains). The resulting tree suggested that i) the Astrophorida included some lithistid families and some Alectonidae species, ii) the sub-orders Euastrophorida and Streptosclerophorida were both polyphyletic, iii) the Geodiidae, the Ancorinidae and the Pachastrellidae were not monophyletic, iv) the Calthropellidae was part of the Geodiidae clade (Calthropella at least), and finally that v) many genera were polyphyletic (Ecionemia, Erylus, Poecillastra, Penares, Rhabdastrella, Stelletta and Vulcanella). CONCLUSION The Astrophorida is a larger order than previously considered, comprising ca. 820 species. Based on these results, we propose new classifications for the Astrophorida using both the classical rank-based nomenclature (i.e., Linnaean classification) and the phylogenetic nomenclature following the PhyloCode, independent of taxonomic rank. A key to the Astrophorida families, sub-families and genera incertae sedis is also included. Incongruences between our molecular tree and the current classification can be explained by the banality of convergent evolution and secondary loss in spicule evolution. These processes have taken place many times, in all the major clades, for megascleres and microscleres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco Cárdenas
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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50
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Reveillaud J, van Soest R, Derycke S, Picton B, Rigaux A, Vanreusel A. Phylogenetic relationships among NE Atlantic Plocamionida Topsent (1927) (Porifera, Poecilosclerida): under-estimated diversity in reef ecosystems. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16533. [PMID: 21347368 PMCID: PMC3036665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small and cryptic sponges associated with cold-water coral reefs are particularly numerous and challenging to identify, but their ecological and biochemical importance is likely to compete with megabenthic specimens. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we use a combination of the standard M1M6 and I3M11 partitions of the COI fragment, partial rDNA 28S sequences and morphology to delineate small encrusting Plocamionida species. In total, 46 specimens were retrieved from seven shallow to deep-water coral locations, crossing 3,000 km along the European margins. Our work provides evidence that the Plocamionida ambigua f. tylotata and f. grandichelata can be considered valid species, whereas Plocamionida ambigua f. tornata corresponds to the species P. ambigua. Within the monophyletic group of Plocamionida, P. microcionides is shown as really divergent from the other taxa, and four putative new Plocamionida species are suggested. Conclusions/Significance This study shows that the use of molecular and morphological information in an integrative approach is a powerful tool for the identification of sponge species, and suggests that an under-estimated biodiversity of sponges occurs in cold-water coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Reveillaud
- Marine Biology Section, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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