1
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Ko T, Fumoto S, Kurosaki T, Nakashima M, Miyamoto H, Sasaki H, Nishida K. Interaction of γ-Polyglutamic Acid/Polyethyleneimine/Plasmid DNA Ternary Complexes with Serum Components Plays a Crucial Role in Transfection in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:522. [PMID: 38675183 PMCID: PMC11053868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical examples of non-viral vectors are binary complexes of plasmid DNA with cationic polymers such as polyethyleneimine (PEI). However, problems such as cytotoxicity and hemagglutination, owing to their positively charged surfaces, hinder their in vivo use. Coating binary complexes with anionic polymers, such as γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), can prevent cytotoxicity and hemagglutination. However, the role of interactions between these complexes and serum components in in vivo gene transfer remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of serum components to in vivo gene transfer using PEI/plasmid DNA binary complexes and γ-PGA/PEI/plasmid DNA ternary complexes. In binary complexes, heat-labile components in the serum greatly contribute to the hepatic and splenic gene expression of the luciferase gene. In contrast, serum albumin and salts affected the hepatic and splenic gene expression in the ternary complexes. Changes in physicochemical characteristics, such as increased particle size and decreased absolute values of ζ-potential, might be involved in the enhanced gene expression. These findings would contribute to a better understanding of in vivo non-viral gene transfer using polymers, such as PEI and γ-PGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ko
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kurosaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Moe Nakashima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasaki
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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2
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Hu D, Fumoto S, Yoshikawa N, Peng J, Miyamoto H, Tanaka M, Nishida K. Diffusion coefficient of cationic liposomes during lipoplex formation determines transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122881. [PMID: 36963641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipid-based lipoplexes are well-known for gene delivery. To determine the relationship between physicochemical characteristics and transfection efficiency, cationic liposomes of different sizes were prepared and incubated with plasmid DNA at different temperatures to form lipoplexes. We found that the liposome diffusion coefficient during lipoplex formation strongly correlated with the physicochemical characteristics of lipoplexes, accessibility of plasmid DNA in lipoplexes, and logarithm of gene expression per metabolic activity. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the major route for lipoplexes comprising 100 nm-liposomes, as reported previously. As liposome size increased, the major route shifted to lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. In addition, macropinocytosis was observed for all liposome sizes. The role of reactive oxygen species might depend on liposome size and endocytosis. Information from this study would be useful for understanding cationic lipoplex-mediated transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-Cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Jianqing Peng
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hirotaka Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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3
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Fumoto S, Nishida K. Co-delivery Systems of Multiple Drugs Using Nanotechnology for Future Cancer Therapy. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 68:603-612. [PMID: 32611997 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatments have improved significantly during the last decade but are not yet satisfactory. Combination therapy is often administered to improve efficacy and safety. Drug delivery systems can also improve efficacy and safety. To control the spatiotemporal distribution of drugs, nanotechnology involving liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles has been developed. Co-delivery systems of multiple drugs are a promising approach to combat cancer. Synergistic effects and reduced side effects are expected from the use of co-delivery systems. In this review, we summarize various co-delivery systems for multiple drugs, including small-molecule drugs, nucleic acids, genes, and proteins. Co-delivery of drugs with different properties is relatively difficult, but some researchers have succeeded in developing such co-delivery systems. Environment-responsive carrier designs can control the release of cargos. Although their preparation is more complicated than that of mono-delivery systems, co-delivery systems can simplify clinical procedures and improve patient QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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4
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Fumoto S, Yamamoto T, Okami K, Maemura Y, Terada C, Yamayoshi A, Nishida K. Understanding In Vivo Fate of Nucleic Acid and Gene Medicines for the Rational Design of Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020159. [PMID: 33530309 PMCID: PMC7911509 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid and genetic medicines are increasingly being developed, owing to their potential to treat a variety of intractable diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the in vivo fate of these agents is vital for the rational design, discovery, and fast and straightforward development of the drugs. In case of intravascular administration of nucleic acids and genetic medicines, interaction with blood components, especially plasma proteins, is unavoidable. However, on the flip side, such interaction can be utilized wisely to manipulate the pharmacokinetics of the agents. In other words, plasma protein binding can help in suppressing the elimination of nucleic acids from the blood stream and deliver naked oligonucleotides and gene carriers into target cells. To control the distribution of these agents in the body, the ligand conjugation method is widely applied. It is also important to understand intracellular localization. In this context, endocytosis pathway, endosomal escape, and nuclear transport should be considered and discussed. Encapsulated nucleic acids and genes must be dissociated from the carriers to exert their activity. In this review, we summarize the in vivo fate of nucleic acid and gene medicines and provide guidelines for the rational design of drugs.
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Stability of Engineered Micro or Nanobubbles for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111089. [PMID: 33202709 PMCID: PMC7698255 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A micro/nanobubble (MNB) refers to a bubble structure sized in a micrometer or nanometer scale, in which the core is separated from the external environment and is normally made of gas. Recently, it has been confirmed that MNBs can be widely used in angiography, drug delivery, and treatment. Thus, MNBs are attracting attention as they are capable of constructing a new contrast agent or drug delivery system. Additionally, in order to effectively use an MNB, the method of securing its stability is also being studied. This review highlights the factors affecting the stability of an MNB and the stability of the MNB within the ultrasonic field. It also discusses the relationship between the stability of the bubble and its applicability in vivo.
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Yoshikawa N, Fumoto S, Yoshikawa K, Hu D, Okami K, Kato R, Nakashima M, Miyamoto H, Nishida K. Interaction of Lipoplex with Albumin Enhances Gene Expression in Hepatitis Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E341. [PMID: 32290201 PMCID: PMC7238045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the in vivo fate of lipoplex, which is composed of cationic liposomes and DNA, is an important issue toward gene therapy. In disease conditions, the fate of lipoplex might change compared with the normal condition. Here, we examined the contribution of interaction with serum components to in vivo transfection using lipoplex in hepatitis mice. Prior to administration, lipoplex was incubated with serum or albumin. In the liver, the interaction with albumin enhanced gene expression in hepatitis mice, while in the lung, the interaction with serum or albumin enhanced it. In normal mice, the interaction with albumin did not enhance hepatic and pulmonary gene expression. Furthermore, hepatic and pulmonary gene expression levels of albumin-interacted lipoplex were correlated with serum transaminases in hepatitis mice. The albumin interaction increased the hepatic accumulation of lipoplex and serum tumor necrosis factor-α level. We suggest that the interaction with albumin enhanced the inflammation level after the administration of lipoplex in hepatitis mice. Consequently, the enhancement of the inflammation level might enhance the gene expression level. Information obtained in the current study will be valuable toward future clinical application of the lipoplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Miyazaki Hospital, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Die Hu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuya Okami
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Riku Kato
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Mikiro Nakashima
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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7
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Ogawa K, Fuchigami Y, Hagimori M, Fumoto S, Miura Y, Kawakami S. Efficient gene transfection to the brain with ultrasound irradiation in mice using stabilized bubble lipopolyplexes prepared by the surface charge regulation method. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2309-2320. [PMID: 29713163 PMCID: PMC5907898 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s157375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously developed anionic ternary bubble lipopolyplexes, an ultrasound-responsive carrier, expecting safe and efficient gene transfection. However, bubble lipopolyplexes have a low capacity for echo gas (C3F8) encapsulation (EGE) in nonionic solution such as 5% glucose. On the other hand, we were able to prepare bubble lipopolyplexes by inserting phosphate-buffered saline before C3F8 encapsulation. Surface charge regulation (SCR) by electrolytes stabilizes liposome/plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes by accelerated membrane fusion. Considering these facts, we hypothesized that SCR by electrolytes such as NaCl would promote C3F8 encapsulation in bubble lipopolyplexes mediated by accelerated membrane fusion. We defined this hypothesis as SCR-based EGE (SCR-EGE). Bubble lipopolyplexes prepared by the SCR-EGE method (SCR-EGE bubble lipopolyplexes) are expected to facilitate the gene transfection because of the high amount of C3F8. Therefore, we applied these methods for gene delivery to the brain and evaluated the characteristics of transgene expression in the brain. Methods First, we measured the encapsulation efficiency of C3F8 in SCR-EGE bubble lipopolyplexes. Next, we applied these bubble lipopolyplexes to the mouse brain; then, we evaluated the transfection efficiency. Furthermore, three-dimensional transgene distribution was observed using multicolor deep imaging. Results SCR-EGE bubble lipopolyplexes had a higher C3F8 content than conventional bubble lipopolyplexes. In terms of safety, SCR-EGE bubble lipopolyplexes possessed an anionic potential and showed no aggregation with erythrocytes. After applying SCR-EGE bubble lipopolyplexes to the brain, high transgene expression was observed by combining with ultrasound irradiation. As a result, transgene expression mediated by SCR-EGE bubble lipopolyplexes was observed mainly on blood vessels and partially outside of blood vessels. Conclusion The SCR-EGE method may promote C3F8 encapsulation in bubble lipopolyplexes, and SCR-EGE bubble lipopolyplexes may be potent carriers for efficient and safe gene transfection in the brain, especially to the blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ogawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Fuchigami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayori Hagimori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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8
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Liu X, Han M, Xu J, Geng S, Zhang Y, Ye X, Gou J, Yin T, He H, Tang X. Asialoglycoprotein receptor-targeted liposomes loaded with a norcantharimide derivative for hepatocyte-selective targeting. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Fumoto S, Nishida K. Methods for Evaluating the Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Nucleic Acid and Gene Medicines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:642-648. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koyo Nishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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10
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Hattori Y, Machida Y, Honda M, Takeuchi N, Yoshiike Y, Ohno H, Onishi H. Small interfering RNA delivery into the liver by cationic cholesterol derivative-based liposomes. J Liposome Res 2016; 27:264-273. [PMID: 27345333 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1205599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, we reported that the cationic liposomes composed of a cationic cholesterol derivative, cholesteryl (2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)carbamate (OH-C-Chol) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) (termed LP-C), could deliver small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with high transfection efficiency into tumor cells. In this study, to develop a liposomal vector for siRNA delivery in vivo, we prepared the poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)-modified cationic liposomes (LP-C-PEG) and evaluated their transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared LP-C-PEG/siRNA complexes (LP-C-PEG lipoplexes) formed in water or 50 mM NaCl solution, and evaluated their siRNA biodistribution and gene silencing effect in mice after intravenous injection. RESULTS LP-C-PEG lipoplexes strongly exhibited in vitro gene silencing effects in human breast tumor MCF-7 cells as well as LP-C lipoplexes. In particular, formation of LP-C and LP-C-PEG lipoplexes in the NaCl solution increased the cellular association. When LP-C-PEG lipoplexes with Cy5.5-labeled siRNA formed in water or NaCl solution were injected into mice, accumulation of the siRNA was observed in the liver. Furthermore, injection of LP-C-PEG lipoplexes with ApoB siRNA could suppress ApoB mRNA levels in the liver and reduce very-low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein levels in serum compared with that after Cont siRNA transfection, although the presence of NaCl solution in forming the lipoplexes did not affect gene silencing effects in vivo. CONCLUSIONS LP-C-PEG may have potential as a gene vector for siRNA delivery to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hattori
- a Department of Drug Delivery Research , Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan and
| | - Yoko Machida
- a Department of Drug Delivery Research , Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan and
| | - Maho Honda
- b Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Nozomi Takeuchi
- a Department of Drug Delivery Research , Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan and
| | - Yuki Yoshiike
- a Department of Drug Delivery Research , Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan and
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- b Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hiraku Onishi
- a Department of Drug Delivery Research , Hoshi University , Tokyo , Japan and
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Sato Y, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Akita H, Harashima H. Multifunctional enveloped nanodevices (MENDs). ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2015; 88:139-204. [PMID: 25409606 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800148-6.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is anticipated that nucleic acid medicines will be in widespread use in the future, since they have the potential to cure diseases based on molecular mechanisms at the level of gene expression. However, intelligent delivery systems are required to achieve nucleic acid therapy, since they can perform their function only when they reach the intracellular site of action. We have been developing a multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice abbreviated as MEND, which consists of functional nucleic acids as a core and lipid envelope, and can control not only biodistribution but also the intracellular trafficking of nucleic acids. In this chapter, we review the development and evolution of the MEND by providing several successful examples, including the R8-MEND, the KALA-MEND, the MITO-Porter, the YSK-MEND, and the PALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
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12
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Mieruszynski S, Briggs C, Digman MA, Gratton E, Jones MR. Live Cell Characterization of DNA Aggregation Delivered through Lipofection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10528. [PMID: 26013547 PMCID: PMC4444954 DOI: 10.1038/srep10528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA trafficking phenomena, such as information on where and to what extent DNA aggregation occurs, have yet to be fully characterised in the live cell. Here we characterise the aggregation of DNA when delivered through lipofection by applying the Number and Brightness (N&B) approach. The N&B analysis demonstrates extensive aggregation throughout the live cell with DNA clusters in the extremity of the cell and peri-nuclear areas. Once within the nucleus aggregation had decreased 3-fold. In addition, we show that increasing serum concentration of cell media results in greater cytoplasmic aggregation. Further, the effects of the DNA fragment size on aggregation was explored, where larger DNA constructs exhibited less aggregation. This study demonstrates the first quantification of DNA aggregation when delivered through lipofection in live cells. In addition, this study has presents a model for alternative uses of this imaging approach, which was originally developed to study protein oligomerization and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mieruszynski
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Candida Briggs
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Michelle A Digman
- 1] Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America [2] Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science &Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Enrico Gratton
- 1] Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America [2] Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science &Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Mark R Jones
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
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13
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Carbohydrate mediated drug delivery: synthesis and characterization of new lipid-conjugates. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 186:30-8. [PMID: 25444975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic methodology for cationic glycolipids using p-aminophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside (PAPM) and p-aminophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (PAPG) with spacer in between the quaternary nitrogen atom and the sugar unit is developed. In addition, a new class of neutral glycolipid conjugates, such as PAPM-lipids or PAPG-lipids conjugates was also synthesized for targeting drugs to receptors. The precipitation-inhibition assay showed that conjugate of PAPM inhibited the concanavalin A and invertase aggregation. This binding inhibition study of a synthesized compound suggests that conjugates of PAPM can be potentially used to target mannose receptors. In addition, a higher transfection was obtained by mixing PAPM with pSV-β-gal reporter gene and incubating with mannose binding protein/receptor expressing A549 cells. The coexistence of both mannose group and a net positive charge may result in improved transfection efficiency in cells expressing mannose binding proteins/receptors.
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14
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Kim KH, Park KK. Small RNA- and DNA-based gene therapy for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, where we are? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14696-14705. [PMID: 25356032 PMCID: PMC4209535 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases with different aetiologies rely on the chronic activation of liver injuries which result in a fibrogenesis progression to the end stage of cirrhosis and liver failure. Based on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of a liver fibrosis, there has been proposed several kinds of approaches for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Recently, liver gene therapy has been developed as an alternative way to liver transplantation, which is the only effective therapy for chronic liver diseases. The activation of hepatic stellate cells, a subsequent release of inflammatory cytokines and an accumulation of extracellular matrix during the liver fibrogenesis are the major obstacles to the treatment of liver fibrosis. Several targeted strategies have been developed, such as antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, RNA interference and decoy oligodeoxynucleotides to overcome this barriers. With this report an overview will be provided of targeted strategies for the treatment of liver cirrhosis, and particularly, of the targeted gene therapy using short RNA and DNA segments.
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15
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Glycosylation-mediated targeting of carriers. J Control Release 2014; 190:542-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Ukawa M, Akita H, Hayashi Y, Ishiba R, Tange K, Arai M, Kubo K, Higuchi Y, Shimizu K, Konishi S, Hashida M, Harashima H. Neutralized nanoparticle composed of SS-cleavable and pH-activated lipid-like material as a long-lasting and liver-specific gene delivery system. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1222-9. [PMID: 24668914 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Charge-neutralized lipid envelope-type nanoparticles formed with SS-cleavable and pH-activated lipid-like materials (ssPalm) accumulate rapidly in the liver without forming aggregates in the blood circulation, and result in a liver-specific gene expression for a long duration (>2 weeks) with neither immunological responses nor hepatotoxicity after intraveneous administration, when it carries pDNA free from CpG-motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Ukawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University; Kita12 Nishi6, Kita-ku Sapporo City Hokkaido 060-0812 Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University; Kita12 Nishi6, Kita-ku Sapporo City Hokkaido 060-0812 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University; Kita12 Nishi6, Kita-ku Sapporo City Hokkaido 060-0812 Japan
| | - Ryohei Ishiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University; Kita12 Nishi6, Kita-ku Sapporo City Hokkaido 060-0812 Japan
| | - Kota Tange
- NOF Corporation; 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 210-0865 Japan
| | - Masaya Arai
- NOF Corporation; 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 210-0865 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kubo
- NOF Corporation; 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 210-0865 Japan
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University; 46-28 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University; 46-28 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University; 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University; 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
- Department of Micro System Technology; Ritsumeikan University; 1-1-1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University; 46-28 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University; Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8302 Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University; Kita12 Nishi6, Kita-ku Sapporo City Hokkaido 060-0812 Japan
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Zhao C, Feng Q, Dou Z, Yuan W, Sui C, Zhang X, Xia G, Sun H, Ma J. Local targeted therapy of liver metastasis from colon cancer by galactosylated liposome encapsulated with doxorubicin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73860. [PMID: 24040096 PMCID: PMC3770687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since regional drug administration enables to maintain a high drug concentration within tumors, we compared the plasma concentration and biodistribution of doxorubicin (Dox) from drug-loaded conventional liposomes by local or systemic administration. The results demonstrated that drug concentration was substantially improved in liver as well as a decrease in blood and other organs by spleen injection mimicking portal vein perfusion (regional administration). To further investigate the targeted therapeutic effect of galactosylated liposome encapsulated doxorubicin (Dox) by regional administration, liver targeting liposomes were prepared by incorporating galactosylated-DPPE to conventional liposomes. Liposome uptake and targeting were verified in vitro and in vivo by fluorescence microscopy and xenogen IVIS imaging system, respectively. The results showed that galactose targeted liposomes presented a stronger specific cell uptake by human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells compared to the non-targeted liposomes. In vivo fluorescence imaging showed that the intra-hepatic deposition of conventional and galactosylated liposomes via spleen injection was more than that via tail vein administration, and galactosylated liposomes had higher fluorescent intensity over conventional liposomes in the liver post spleen administration. The anti-tumor effect of various drug administration routes for both liposomal formulations was evaluated using a murine liver metastasis model of colon cancer. The results indicated that tumor progression in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes was significantly suppressed by Dox-loaded galactosylated liposomes via spleen injection, while no significance was observed in non-targeted formulations. Our data indicated that local perfusion of galactosylated liposomal doxorubicin had a great promise for the treatment of liver metastasis from colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Abdominal Surgical Department, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zengpei Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Yoshikawa N, Sakamoto K, Mizuno S, Sakaguchi J, Miyamoto H, Mine T, Sasaki H, Fumoto S, Nishida K. Multiple components in serum contribute to hepatic transgene expression by lipoplex in mice. J Gene Med 2012; 13:632-43. [PMID: 22002583 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction of cationic liposome/plasmid DNA complex (lipoplex) with serum was not a limiting factor for in vivo transfection. After intraportal injection of lipoplex, hepatic transgene expression was enhanced by interaction with serum in mice. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanism of enhanced hepatic transgene expression of lipoplex by interaction with serum components. METHODS Lipoplexes were incubated with several serum components for 5 min at 37 ° C before administration. Transfection efficiency of lipoplexes was measured 6 h after intraportal injection of lipoplex in mice. RESULTS Depletion of divalent cation from serum decreased hepatic transgene expression. The addition of calcium ion to divalent cation-depleted serum restored transgene expression. Heat-inactivated serum and bovine serum albumin diminished the enhancing effect of serum on hepatic transgene expression. On the other hand, removal of anionic proteins from serum using an anion-exchanging column was critical for the enhancing effect of serum on transgene expression. Among the serum components tested, fibronectin and complement component C3 enhanced hepatic transgene expression. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic transgene expression by lipoplex was enhanced by interaction with multiple components in serum. Interaction of lipoplex with serum could be an important factor for successful in vivo gene transfer. Hence, the information obtained in the present study is valuable for the future development of effective gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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19
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Ma K, Shen H, Shen S, Xie M, Mao C, Qiu L, Jin Y. Development of a successive targeting liposome with multi-ligand for efficient targeting gene delivery. J Gene Med 2011; 13:290-301. [PMID: 21574214 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A successful gene delivery system needs to breakthrough several barriers to allow efficient transgenic expression. In the present study, successive targeting liposomes (STL) were constructed by integrating various targeting groups into a nanoparticle to address this issue. METHODS Polyethylenimine (PEI) 1800-triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with nuclear targeting capability was synthesized by a two-step reaction. Lactobionic acid was connected with cholesterol to obtain a compound of [(2-lactoylamido) ethylamino]formic acid cholesterol ester (CHEDLA) with hepatocyte-targeting capability. The liposome was modified with PEI 1800-TA and CHEDLA to prepare successive targeting liposome (STL). Its physicochemical properties and transfection efficiency were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The diameter of STL was approximately 100 nm with 20 mV of potential. The confocal microscopy observation and potential assay verified that lipid bilayer of STL was decorated with PEI 1800-TA. Cytotoxicity of STL was significantly lower than that of PEI 1800-TA and PEI 25K. The transfection efficiency of 10% CHEDLA STL in HepG2 cells was the higher than of the latter two with serum. Its transfection efficiency was greatly reduced with excessive free galactose, indicating that STL was absorbed via galactose receptor-mediated endocytosis. The in vivo study in mice showed that 10% CHEDLA STL had better transgenic expression in liver than the other carriers. CONCLUSIONS STL with multi-ligand was able to overcome the various barriers to target nucleus and special cells and present distinctive transgenic expression. Therefore, it has a great potential for gene therapy as a nonviral carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Xiao W, Chen WH, Xu XD, Li C, Zhang J, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Design of a cellular-uptake-shielding "plug and play" template for photo controllable drug release. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3526-3530. [PMID: 21726005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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21
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Ukawa M, Akita H, Masuda T, Hayashi Y, Konno T, Ishihara K, Harashima H. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer (MPC)-coating improves the transfection activity of GALA-modified lipid nanoparticles by assisting the cellular uptake and intracellular dissociation of plasmid DNA in primary hepatocytes. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6355-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Zeng X, Sun YX, Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX. Influential factors associated with biotinylated disulfide containing PEI/avidin bioconjugate mediated gene delivery in HepG2 cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1933-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c003709e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Un K, Kawakami S, Suzuki R, Maruyama K, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Enhanced Transfection Efficiency into Macrophages and Dendritic Cells by a Combination Method Using Mannosylated Lipoplexes and Bubble Liposomes with Ultrasound Exposure. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:65-74. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Un
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa 229-0195, Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa 229-0195, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a common consequence in patients with chronic liver damage. To date, no agent has been approved for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. RNA interference (RNAi) is known to be a powerful tool for post-transcriptional gene silencing and has opened new avenues in gene therapy. The problems of lack of cell specificity in vivo and subsequently the occurrence of side effects has hampered the development of hepatic fibrosis treatment. To overcome these shortcomings, several targeted strategies have been developed, such as hydrodynamics-based approaches, local administration, cell-type-selective ligands and cell-type-specific promoters or enhancers, etc. Here, we provide an overview of targeted strategies for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis, and particularly, targeted RNAi for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Fang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 20003, China
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25
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Fumoto S. [Organ-, region- and cell-selective gene transfer using non-viral vectors]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2009; 129:1055-61. [PMID: 19721381 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.129.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Safety in gene therapy is an important issue since both viral and non-viral vectors have toxic side effects. Not only vectors themselves, but also distributions of produced proteins affect safety in gene therapy; thus, development of target-selective gene transfer methods is rational. We have developed organ-, region- and cell-selective gene transfer methods using non-viral vectors. To deliver foreign gene to liver parenchymal cells (hepatocytes), galactosylation of cationic liposome/plasmid DNA complex is useful strategy. Based on analyses for intrahepatic disposition characteristics and interaction with blood components, we formulated novel galactosylated lipoplex with regulated salt concentration to reduce particle size of lipoplex and to stabilize lipoplex simultaneously; as a consequence, we succeeded in improvement of hepatocyte-selective gene transfer after intraportal injection of the lipoplex in mice. On the other hand, administration routes are important for target-selective gene transfer. We discovered that simple instillation of naked plasmid DNA onto organ surface (the liver, kidney, spleen, stomach and lung) in mice and rats could result in effective and region-selective transgene expression. Neither physical force nor carriers are necessary for gene transfer onto organ surface mesothelial cells. To rationally improve transfection efficiency, mechanism of gene transfer should be elucidated. We clarified that Rac-mediated macropinocytosis was required for naked plasmid DNA transfer in gastric mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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26
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Fumoto S, Tsuchimochi M, Nishi J, Ishii H, Kodama Y, Nakashima M, Sasaki H, Nakamura J, Nishida K. Liver- and lobe-specific gene transfer following the continuous microinstillation of Plasmid DNA onto the liver surface in mice: effect of instillation speed. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1298-302. [PMID: 19571403 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of technology to deliver foreign gene(s) to a specific organ/tissue is one of the major challenges in gene therapy. Here, we show liver- and lobe-specific gene transfer following the continuous microinstillation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) onto the liver surface in mice. Naked pDNA was continuously instilled onto the right medial liver lobe using syringe pump in male ddY mice. Our previous studies showed liver- and lobe-selective gene expression after instillation of 30 mul of pDNA solution onto the liver surface, but gene expression was also found in the other liver lobe, kidney and spleen. To improve target site selectivity of gene expression, the instillation volume was decreased; however, non-specific gene expression in the other liver lobe and diaphragm was still detected. To prevent immediate diffusion of the pDNA solution, we performed continuous microinstillation of pDNA using a syringe pump; as a result, target site selectivity was greatly improved. As for instillation speed, 5 min infusion was enough to prevent diffusion of pDNA solution. Furthermore, transfection efficiency in the target site was maintained when instillation speed was slowed. Wiping off residual pDNA solution from the applied liver lobe resulted in a further improvement in selectivity, suggesting not only immediate diffusion, but also gradual diffusion, are important factors for successful target site-specific gene transfer. Information in this study will be useful for further development of an effective gene delivery system targeted to a specific organ/tissue by use of other non-viral or viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University.
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27
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Zeng X, Sun YX, Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX. Biotinylated disulfide containing PEI/avidin bioconjugate shows specific enhanced transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4201-10. [PMID: 19795058 DOI: 10.1039/b910831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of non-viral gene vectors to liver cells could offer the opportunity to cure liver diseases. In this paper, disulfide-containing polyethylenimine (PEI-SS) was synthesized from low molecular weight branched PEI and cystamine bisacrylamide (CBA), and then grafted with biotin. The obtained biotinylated PEI-SS was bioconjugated with avidin via the biotin-avidin interaction to form a novel gene vector, biotinylated PEI-SS/avidin bioconjugate (ABP-SS). Characteristics of ABP-SS and its pDNA complexes were evaluated in terms of acid-base titration, agarose gel electrophoresis, SEM morphology observation, particle size and zeta-potential measurements, and PEI-SS was used as the control. The acid-base titration results showed that ABP-SS exhibited comparable buffer capability to 25 kDa PEI. The results of gel electrophoresis indicated that ABP-SS was able to condense pDNA efficiently at an N/P ratio of 6 and could be degraded by reducing agent DTT. The ABP-SS/pDNA complexes had a mean particle size of 226 +/- 40 nm and surface charges of 25 mV. The SEM images showed that the complexes had compact structures with spherical or quadrate shapes. In vitro cell viability and transfection of ABP-SS and PEI-SS were compared in HepG2, 293T and H446 cells. Among the three different cell lines, compared with PEI-SS, ABP-SS exhibited much lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection efficacy in HepG2 cells due to the biocompatibility of avidin and the specific interactions between avidin and HepG2 cells. Molecular probes were used to reveal the cellular uptake of complexes, and the results demonstrated that ABP-SS contributes to more cellular uptake of complexes in HepG2 cells, which was consistent with the transfection results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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28
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Zeng X, Sun YX, Zhang XZ, Cheng SX, Zhuo RX. A Potential Targeting Gene Vector Based on Biotinylated Polyethyleneimine/Avidin Bioconjugates. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1931-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Mori T, Ishikawa A, Nemoto Y, Kambe N, Sakamoto M, Nakayama Y. Development of a Novel Nonviral Gene Silencing System That Is Effective Both in Vitro and in Vivo by Using a Star-Shaped Block Copolymer (Star Vector). Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1262-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc9001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Mori
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan, Department of Bioengineering, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, and Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Ayaka Ishikawa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan, Department of Bioengineering, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, and Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Yasushi Nemoto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan, Department of Bioengineering, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, and Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan, Department of Bioengineering, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, and Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan, Department of Bioengineering, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, and Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
| | - Yasuhide Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan, Department of Bioengineering, Advanced Medical Engineering Center, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, and Chemical Products Development Department, Bridgestone Company
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Mukthavaram R, Marepally S, Venkata MY, Vegi GN, Sistla R, Chaudhuri A. Cationic glycolipids with cyclic and open galactose head groups for the selective targeting of genes to mouse liver. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2369-84. [PMID: 19157538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toward probing an hitherto unexplored structure-activity issue namely, the relative in vitro and in vivo efficacies of cationic glycolipids with cyclic and acyclic sugar heads for targeting of genes to liver, we have designed and synthesized two novel series of cationic glycolipids with cyclic (lipids 1-5) and open d-galactose heads (lipids 6-10) containing varying spacer arm lengths in between the sugar and positively charged nitrogen atoms. Among the cyclic glycolipids, lipid 3 with six methylene units spacer in between the quaternary nitrogen atom and among the glycolipids with the open-sugar heads, lipid 6 with only two methylene units spacer were found to be the most efficacious in targeting genes to cultured HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma cells) and primary hepatocytes. Findings in the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies revealed biomembrane fusibilities as important physico-chemical parameters behind the varying spacer arm dependencies in the two series. Importantly, both the serum compatible glycolipids 3 &6 were found to be equally efficacious in selectively targeting genes to mouse livers under systemic settings. The significantly reduced efficiencies of the glycolipids 3 &6 in transfecting primary hepatocytes as well as mice pretreated with asialofetuin (the ligands of asialoglycoprotein receptors) support the notion that the cellular uptake of the lipoplexes prepared from both the open and the cyclic sugar-head series is mediated via asialoglycoprotein receptor. In summary, our present findings demonstrate for the first time that cationic glycolipids with cyclic sugar-head require longer spacer arms than their acyclic sugar-head counterparts for efficient gene transfection and both the series hold equal promise for selective gene targeting to liver under systemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mukthavaram
- Division of Lipid Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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31
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Huang H, Sakurai F, Higuchi Y, Kawakami S, Hashida M, Kawabata K, Mizuguchi H. Suppressive effects of sugar-modified cationic liposome/NF-κB decoy complexes on adenovirus vector-induced innate immune responses. J Control Release 2009; 133:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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KAWAKAMI S. Development and Application of Glycosylated Particulate Carriers for Delivery of Nucleic Acid Medicine. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:1743-9. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru KAWAKAMI
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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Yoshizawa T, Hattori Y, Hakoshima M, Koga K, Maitani Y. Folate-linked lipid-based nanoparticles for synthetic siRNA delivery in KB tumor xenografts. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70:718-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bui HT, Umakoshi H, Ngo KX, Nishida M, Shimanouchi T, Kuboi R. Liposome membrane itself can affect gene expression in the Escherichia coli cell-free translation system. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:10537-10542. [PMID: 18759465 DOI: 10.1021/la801962j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A possible role of a model biomembrane, liposome, in gene expression was investigated by using the cell-free translation system. A reporter protein, green fluorescence protein (GFP), was expressed in vitro with and without liposome prepared with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyl chorine (POPC) and cholesterol (Ch) (5.7 mM lipid concentration). In the presence of POPC/Ch liposome, the fluorescence intensity of produced GFP was found to be 1.67 times higher than that in the control after 18 h of expression. The results of the SDS-PAGE analysis also show the above promotion effect of the liposome on the net expression of the GFP gene (1.58 times more). The amounts of mRNA were found to be promoted to 1.29 times higher than those in the control. The differences among mRNA, net expression of the GFP gene, and GFP fluorescence indicate that the enhanced GFP expression in the presence of POPC/Ch liposome could primarily affect the transcription and translation of the GFP gene among the possible steps of gene expression. The variation of in vitro gene expression with various liposomes also shows that the biomembrane could act as a modulator to split the genotype and phenotype in a biological cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Bui
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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35
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Hattori Y, Hagiwara A, Ding W, Maitani Y. NaCl improves siRNA delivery mediated by nanoparticles of hydroxyethylated cationic cholesterol with amido-linker. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5228-32. [PMID: 18783946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of amido- (NP-OH) and carbamate linkers (NP-HAPC) in nanoparticles composed of hydroxyethylated cationic cholesterol on siRNA transfection. The presence of NaCl in forming a NP-OH nanoplex increased the suppressive effect of gene expression by increasing the size of the nanoplex and changing the cellular uptake mechanism from membrane fusion and clathrin-mediated endocytosis to clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hattori
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Sakaguchi N, Kojima C, Harada A, Koiwai K, Shimizu K, Emi N, Kono K. Generation of highly potent nonviral gene vectors by complexation of lipoplexes and transferrin-bearing fusogenic polymer-modified liposomes in aqueous glucose solution. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1262-72. [PMID: 18076985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that complexation of lipoplexes containing 3,5-dipentadecyloxybenzamidine (TRX-20) and transferrin-bearing succinylated poly(glycidol) (SucPG)-modified liposome, which becomes fusogenic under weakly acidic conditions, might produce gene carriers with high transfection activity. For the present study, we prepared the lipoplex-SucPG-modified liposome complexes by mixing them either in phosphate-buffered saline or in an aqueous 5% glucose solution. The complexes prepared in phosphate-buffered saline have large particles of more than 800 nm, whereas the complexes prepared in the glucose solution were remarkably small: 200-300 nm. The small complexes were taken up more effectively by HeLa cells, and their transfection was induced more efficiently than the large complexes'. In addition, the small complexes achieved cellular transfection more efficiently in the presence of serum than in the absence of serum, without marked cytotoxicity. Considering that their affinity to the cell is based on ligand-receptor interaction, the small complexes are highly promising as a safe vector with high transfection activity and high target cell specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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38
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Kawakami S, Higuchi Y, Hashida M. Nonviral approaches for targeted delivery of plasmid DNA and oligonucleotide. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:726-45. [PMID: 17823947 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Successful gene therapy depends on the development of efficient delivery systems. Although pDNA and ODN are novel candidates for nonviral gene therapy, their clinical applications are generally limited owing to their rapid degradation by nucleases in serum and rapid clearance. A great deal of effort had been devoted to developing gene delivery systems, including physical methods and carrier-mediated methods. Both methods could improve transfection efficacy and achieve high gene expression in vitro and in vivo. As for carrier-mediated delivery in vivo, since gene expression depends on the particle size, charge ratio, and interaction with blood components, these factors must be optimized. Furthermore, a lack of cell-selectivity limits the wide application to gene therapy; therefore, the use of ligand-modified carriers is a promising strategy to achieve well-controlled gene expression in target cells. In this review, we will focus on the in vivo targeted delivery of pDNA and ODN using nonviral carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Hattori Y, Yoshizawa T, Koga K, Maitani Y. NaCl Induced High Cationic Hydroxyethylated Cholesterol-Based Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthetic Small Interfering RNA Transfer into Prostate Carcinoma PC-3 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2294-301. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kimiko Koga
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
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Kawakami S, Hashida M. Targeted delivery systems of small interfering RNA by systemic administration. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2007; 22:142-51. [PMID: 17603214 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.22.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is induced by 21-25 nucleotide, double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA), which is incorporated into the RNAi-induced silencing complex (RISC) and is a guide for cleavage of the complementary target mRNA in the cytoplasm. There are many obstacles to in vivo delivery of siRNAs, such as degradation by enzymes in blood, interaction with blood components and non-specific uptake by the cells, which govern biodistribution in the body. In order to achieve the knockdown by siRNAs in vivo, many delivery systems of siRNAs based on physical and pharmaceutical approaches have been proposed. In addition, the immune responses of siRNA must be taken into account when considering the application of siRNAs to in vivo therapy. This review focuses on recent reports about delivery systems and immune responses of siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Vorhies JS, Nemunaitis J. Nonviral delivery vehicles for use in short hairpin RNA-based cancer therapies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2007; 7:373-82. [PMID: 17338656 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.3.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of DNA vector-based short hairpin (sh)RNA for RNA interference shows promise as a precise means for the disruption of gene expression to achieve a therapeutic effect. The in vivo usage of shRNA therapeutics in cancer is limited by obstacles related to effective delivery into the nuclei of target cancer cells. Nonviral delivery vehicles that are relevant for shRNA delivery into humans belong to a group of substances about which significant preclinical data has been amassed to show an acceptable safety profile, resistance to immune defenses and good transfection efficiency. Here, we review the most promising current nonviral gene delivery vehicles with a focus on their potential use in cancer shRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Vorhies
- Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, 1717 Main St, Suite 6000, Dallas, TX 75201, USA.
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Shigeta K, Kawakami S, Higuchi Y, Okuda T, Yagi H, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Novel histidine-conjugated galactosylated cationic liposomes for efficient hepatocyte-selective gene transfer in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. J Control Release 2007; 118:262-70. [PMID: 17267065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To enhance gene transfection to hepatocytes by cationic liposomes, it is necessary to overcome a number of barriers existing in the process from administration to gene expression. Recently we and other group have demonstrated that the escape of plasmid DNA (pDNA)/cationic liposome complexes (lipoplexes) from the endosome to cytoplasm was rate limiting. In this study, to enhance transfection efficiency by promoting the release of lipoplexes from the endosome to cytoplasm, we proposed utilizing the "proton sponge effect". Here, we synthesized a novel pH-sensitive histidine-modified galactosylated cholesterol derivative (Gal-His-C4-Chol), for a more efficient gene delivery to hepatocytes. Liposomes containing Gal-His-C4-Chol showed much greater transfection activity than conventional Gal-C4-Chol liposomes based on a receptor-mediated mechanism in HepG2 cells. Hence, this finding should contribute to the development of gene therapy using cationic liposomes toward their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Shigeta
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Sato A, Takagi M, Shimamoto A, Kawakami S, Hashida M. Small interfering RNA delivery to the liver by intravenous administration of galactosylated cationic liposomes in mice. Biomaterials 2006; 28:1434-42. [PMID: 17141864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a potentially useful therapeutic approach to silence the targeted gene of a particular disease, its use is limited by its stability in vivo. For the liver parenchymal cell (PC)-selective delivery of siRNA, siRNA was complexed with galactosylated cationic liposomes. Galactosylated liposomes/siRNA complex exhibited a higher stability than naked siRNA in plasma. After intravenous administration of a galactosylated liposomes/siRNA complex, the siRNA did not undergo nuclease digestion and urinary excretion and was delivered efficiently to the liver and was detected in PC rather than liver non-parenchymal cells (NPC). Endogenous gene (Ubc13 gene) expression in the liver was inhibited by 80% when Ubc13-siRNA complexed with galactosylated liposomes was administered to mice at a dose of 0.29 nmol/g. In contrast, the bare cationic liposomes did not induce any silencing effect on Ubc13 gene expression. These results indicated that galactosylated liposomes/siRNA complex could induce gene silencing of endogenous hepatic gene expression. The interferon responses by galactosylated liposomes/siRNA complex were controlled by optimization of the sequence of siRNA. Also no liver toxicity due to galactosylated liposomes/siRNA complex was observed under any of the conditions tested. In conclusion, we demonstrated the hepatocyte-selective gene silencing by galactosylated liposomes following intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Sato
- GeneCare Research Institute Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-0063, Japan
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Saito Y, Kawakami S, Yabe Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Intracellular trafficking is the important process that determines the optimal charge ratio on transfection by galactosylated lipoplex in HEPG2 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1986-90. [PMID: 16946525 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to gain insight into the major factors affecting transfection efficiency with galactosylated lipoplex in HepG2 cells. In this study, lipoplex and galactosylated lipoplex were examined at different charge ratios (- : +): 1.0 : 1.2, 1.0 : 2.3, 1.0 : 3.1, 1.0 : 4.7, and 1.0 : 7.0. The particle size and zeta potential of the both lipoplexes was dependent on the charge ratio. Cellular uptake was evaluated by using [(32)P]-labeled pCMV-Luc and this showed that the cellular uptake of galactosylated lipoplex was significantly higher than that of lipoplex at a charge ratio ranging from 1.0 : 2.3 to 1.0 : 7.0. As the charge ratio increased in both lipoplexes, the apparent cellular uptake increased. Transfection activity by galactosylated lipoplex was significantly higher than that by lipoplex except at a charge ratio of 1.0 : 7.0. The optimal charge ratio for transfection efficacy was 1.0 : 2.3 and transfection was reduced at higher charge ratios. Both lipoplexes exhibited no significant cytotoxicity at any charge ratio. In conclusion, it is suggested that intracellular trafficking, rather than the degree of uptake and cytotoxicity, is the important process that determines the optimal charge ratio of galactosylated lipoplex in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Saito
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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45
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Hattori Y, Kawakami S, Lu Y, Nakamura K, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Enhanced DNA vaccine potency by mannosylated lipoplex after intraperitoneal administration. J Gene Med 2006; 8:824-34. [PMID: 16625665 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here we describe a novel DNA vaccine formulation that can enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity through efficient gene delivery to dendritic cells (DCs) by mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA) was selected as a model antigen for vaccination; accordingly, OVA-encoding pDNA (pCMV-OVA) was constructed to evaluate DNA vaccination. Mannosylated cationic liposomes (Man-liposomes) were prepared using cholesten-5-yloxy-N-{4-[(1-imino-2-D-thiomannosylethyl)amino]butyl}formamide (Man-C4-Chol) with cationic lipid. The potency of the mannosylated liposome/pCMV-OVA complex (Man-lipoplex) was evaluated by measuring OVA mRNA in CD11c+ cells, CTL activity, and the OVA-specific anti-tumor effect after in vivo administration. RESULTS An in vitro study using DC2.4 cells demonstrated that Man-liposomes could transfect pCMV-OVA more efficiently than cationic liposomes via mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis. In vivo studies revealed that the Man-lipoplex exhibited higher OVA mRNA expression in CD11c+ cells in the spleen and peritoneal cavity and provided a stronger OVA-specific CTL response than intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the conventional lipoplex and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of naked pCMV-OVA, the standard protocol for DNA vaccination. Pre-immunization with the Man-lipoplex provided much better OVA-specific anti-tumor effect than naked pCMV-OVA via the i.m. route. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that in vivo active targeting of DNA vaccine to DCs with Man-lipoplex might prove useful for the rational design of DNA vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cell Line
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Liposomes
- Mannose
- Membrane Potentials
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Particle Size
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hattori
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Higuchi Y, Kawakami S, Fumoto S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Effect of the particle size of galactosylated lipoplex on hepatocyte-selective gene transfection after intraportal administration. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1521-3. [PMID: 16819204 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the size of galactosylated cationic liposome (Gal-liposome)/plasmid DNA complex (Gal-lipoplex) on hepatocyte-selective gene transfection after intraportal administration. pCMV-Luc was selected as a model plasmid DNA. After intraportal administration of Gal-lipoplex to mice, the hepatic and intrahepatic gene expression was evaluated. To evaluate the effect of size, three different sizes of Gal-liposome were prepared. The mean particle sizes of Gal-lipoplex were about 141, 179, and 235 nm, respectively. The hepatic transfection efficacy was significantly enhanced by increasing the size of Gal-lipoplex. However, the gene expression in liver parenchymal cells (PC) of Gal-lipoplex of about 141 nm in size was significantly higher than that in liver non-parenchymal cells (NPC). In contrast, gene expression in PC of Gal-lipoplex of about 235 nm in size was significantly lower than that in NPC. These results highlight the importance of the Gal-lipoplex size for hepatocyte-selective gene transfer in vivo. The information in this study will be valuable for the future use, design, and development of Gal-lipoplex for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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Higuchi Y, Kawakami S, Nishikawa M, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Intracellular distribution of NFκB decoy and its inhibitory effect on TNFα production by LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J Control Release 2005; 107:373-82. [PMID: 16125268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Revised: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) is a transcriptional factor for the expression of many cytokines that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Unstimulated NFkappaB sequestered in the cytoplasm bound to inhibitory proteins is called IkappaBs. Many activators of NFkappaB cause degradation of IkappaB proteins and free NFkappaB can enter the nucleus and induce gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the intracellular distribution and pharmacological effect of NFkappaB decoy in RAW 264.7 cells. Most of the fluorescent labeled NFkappaB decoy was observed in the cytoplasm both with or without cationic transfection without LPS stimulation. Furthermore, under LPS stimulation, most of NFkappaB decoy was also observed in the cytoplasm. However, NFkappaB decoy effectively inhibited the production of TNFalpha in RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect of TNFalpha production by NFkappaB decoy transfected by cationic liposomes was much stronger than that by naked NFkappaB decoy, because the amount of cellular association of NFkappaB transfected by cationic liposome decoy was 7 times higher than that of naked NFkappaB decoy. This information is of great value for the design of NFkappaB decoy carrier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Fumoto S, Kawakami S, Shigeta K, Higuchi Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Interaction with Blood Components Plays a Crucial Role in Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated in Vivo Gene Transfer by Galactosylated Lipoplex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 315:484-93. [PMID: 16033911 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.089516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of blood components (whole blood and serum) on asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated in vivo gene transfer. The hepatic transfection activity of galactosylated lipoplex preincubated with serum was approximately 10 times higher than that without incubation after intraportal injection in mice. However, preincubation with whole blood significantly reduced hepatic transfection activity. Fluorescent resonance energy transfer analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that preincubation with serum reduced the degree of destabilization of the galactosylated lipoplex in blood, partially supporting enhanced hepatic transfection activity by preincubation with serum. Inhibition of hepatic transfection activity by predosing galactosylated bovine serum albumin indicated that the galactosylated lipoplex exposed to serum is recognized by asialoglycoprotein-receptors on hepatocytes. Inactivation of serum prior to mixing with galactosylated lipoplex reduced liver accumulation and completely abolished enhancement of hepatic transfection activity by preincubation with active serum, suggesting that not only the stability of the lipoplex in blood but also the serum opsonin activity plays important roles. Alternatively, preincubation with inactivated serum reduced the lung accumulation and inflammatory cytokine production of galactosylated lipoplex. The information provided by this study will be valuable for the future use, design, and development of galactosylated lipoplex for in vivo asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fumoto
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
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Hashida M, Kawakami S, Yamashita F. Lipid Carrier Systems for Targeted Drug and Gene Delivery. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:871-80. [PMID: 16079512 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For effective chemotherapy, it is necessary to deliver therapeutic agents selectively to their target sites, since most drugs are associated with both beneficial effects and side effects. The use of lipid dispersion carrier systems, such as lipid emulsions and liposomes, as carriers of lipophilic drugs has attracted particular interest. A drug delivery system can be defined as a methodology for manipulating drug distribution in the body. Since drug distribution depends on the carrier, administration route, particle size of the carrier, lipid composition of the carrier, electric charge of the carrier and ligand density of the targeting carrier, these factors must be optimized. Recently, the lipid carrier system has also been applied to gene delivery systems for gene therapy. However, in both drug and gene medicine cases, a lack of cell-selectivity limits the wide application of this kind of drug and/or gene therapy. Therefore, lipid carrier systems for targeted drug and gene delivery must be developed for the rational therapy. In this review, we shall focus on the progress of research into lipid carrier systems for drug and gene delivery following systemic or local injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Kawakami S, Ito Y, Fumoto S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Enhanced gene expression in lung by a stabilized lipoplex using sodium chloride for complex formation. J Gene Med 2005; 7:1526-33. [PMID: 16170832 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the in vivo gene transfection efficacy of a 'surface charge regulated' (SCR) lipoplex, dispersed in the presence of an essential amount of NaCl during lipoplex formation. METHODS SCR lipoplexes were prepared and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. After intravenous (i.v.) administration, transfection efficacy, distribution characteristics, and liver toxicity were evaluated in mice. RESULTS At NaCl concentrations of 10 mM, the particle sizes of the SCR lipoplexes were about 120 nm and were compatible with a conventional lipoplex. However, fluorescent resonance energy transfer analysis revealed that cationic liposomes in the SCR lipoplexes increased fusion. After i.v. administration, the transfection activity in the lung of the SCR lipoplex (10 mM NaCl solution in the lipoplex) was approximately 10-fold higher than that of the conventional lipoplex. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated a higher distribution in lung by the SCR lipoplex. When the gene expression levels of the SCR lipoplex and conventional lipoplex were compared, the SCR lipoplex at a dose of 30 microg was compatible with that of the conventional lipoplex at a dose of 50 microg. A significantly higher serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and TNFalpha concentration was observed by the conventional lipoplex (pDNA dose; 50 microg), but this was not the case for the SCR lipoplex (pDNA dose; 30 microg). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the SCR lipoplex could enhance the transfection efficacy in the lung without increasing the liver toxicity. Hence, the information will be valuable for the future use, design, and development of lipoplexes for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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