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Abdou K, Nomoto M, Aly MH, Ibrahim AZ, Choko K, Okubo-Suzuki R, Muramatsu SI, Inokuchi K. Prefrontal coding of learned and inferred knowledge during REM and NREM sleep. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4566. [PMID: 38914541 PMCID: PMC11196720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Idling brain activity has been proposed to facilitate inference, insight, and innovative problem-solving. However, it remains unclear how and when the idling brain can create novel ideas. Here, we show that cortical offline activity is both necessary and sufficient for building unlearned inferential knowledge from previously acquired information. In a transitive inference paradigm, male C57BL/6J mice gained the inference 1 day after, but not shortly after, complete training. Inhibiting the neuronal computations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during post-learning either non-rapid eye movement (NREM) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but not wakefulness, disrupted the inference without affecting the learned knowledge. In vivo Ca2+ imaging suggests that NREM sleep organizes the scattered learned knowledge in a complete hierarchy, while REM sleep computes the inferential information from the organized hierarchy. Furthermore, after insufficient learning, artificial activation of medial entorhinal cortex-ACC dialog during only REM sleep created inferential knowledge. Collectively, our study provides a mechanistic insight on NREM and REM coordination in weaving inferential knowledge, thus highlighting the power of idling brain in cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Abdou
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masanori Nomoto
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed H Aly
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Z Ibrahim
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiriko Choko
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Reiko Okubo-Suzuki
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Centre for Open Innovation, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 3290498, Japan
- Centre for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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2
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Noda M, Koshu R, Shimada Dias M, Saito C, Takino N, Ito M, Yoshimura H, Ito M, Muramatsu SI. Enhanced Cochlear Transduction by AAV9 with High-Concentration Sucrose. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:1064-1071. [PMID: 37642269 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner ear is a primary lesion in sensorineural hearing loss and has been a target in gene therapy. The efficacy of gene therapy depends on achieving sufficient levels of transduction at a safe vector dose. Vectors derived from various adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are predominantly used to deliver therapeutic genes to inner ear cells. AAV9 and its variants vector are attractive candidates for clinical applications since they can cross the mesothelial cell layer and transduce inner hair cells (IHCs), although this requires relatively high doses. In this study, we investigated the effects of sucrose on the transduction of a variant of the AAV9 vector for gene transfer in the inner ear. We found that high concentrations of sucrose increased gene transduction in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells in vitro. In addition, we demonstrated that simultaneous administration of sucrose enhanced the transduction of mouse IHCs and spiral ligament cells using an AAV9 variant vector. The procedure did not increase the thresholds in the auditory brainstem response, suggesting that sucrose had no adverse effect on auditory function. This versatile method may be valuable in the development of novel gene therapies for adult-onset sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Noda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryota Koshu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mari Shimada Dias
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chizu Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naomi Takino
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidekane Yoshimura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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3
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Kumagai S, Nakajima T, Shimazaki K, Kakiuchi T, Harada N, Ohba H, Onuki Y, Takino N, Ito M, Sato M, Nakamura S, Osaka H, Yamagata T, Kawai K, Muramatsu SI. Early distribution of 18 F-labeled AAV9 vectors in the cerebrospinal fluid after intracerebroventricular or intracisternal magna infusion in non-human primates. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3457. [PMID: 36278965 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors via the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has emerged as a valuable method for widespread transduction in the central nervous system. Although infusion into the cerebral ventricles is a common protocol in preclinical studies of small animals, the cisterna magna has been recognized as an alternative target for clinical studies because it can be reached in a less invasive manner using an intrathecal catheter via the subarachnoid space from a lumbar puncture. METHODS We evaluated the early distribution of fluorine-18-labeled AAV9 vectors infused into the lateral ventricle or cisterna magna of four non-human primates using positron emission tomography. The expression of the green fluorescent protein was immunohistochemically determined. RESULTS In both approaches, the labeled vectors diffused into the broad arachnoid space around the brain stem and cervical spinal cord within 30 min. Both infusion routes efficiently transduced neurons in the cervical spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS For gene therapy that primarily targets the cervical spinal cord and brainstem, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cisterna magna infusion would be a feasible and effective administration method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kumagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kuniko Shimazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kakiuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohba
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Onuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naomi Takino
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Sachie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Vasile CI, Vasile MC, Zlati ML, Herbei EE, Lepădatu L, Munteanu C, Nechifor A, Tatu AL. Post COVID-19 Infection Psychosis: Could SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection Be a Neuropsychiatric Condition That Triggers Psychotic Disorders? - A Case-Based Short Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4697-4705. [PMID: 36034176 PMCID: PMC9416515 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s373578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Corona virus (COVID-19) is an epidemy of respiratory disease caused by a novel corona virus and it was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a global health pandemic emergency. Due to the neuropsychiatric manifestation of Covid-19 that have been associated with psychotic disorders, in this paper we choose to present a case from “Elena Doamna” Psychiatric Hospital from Galati, Romania and to correlate it with other cases from literature in a mini review presentation. In our paper, we present the case of a patient of 44-year-old men, with no past psychiatric history whose behavior included psycho-motor agitation, perception and thinking disorders, disorganized behaviour, attempted suicide by stabbing. The last perspectives from the two years of pandemic together with psychiatric disease linked the virus infections with psychosis to the main concern that Covid-19 could determine psychiatric disorders. There were also presented same literature studies of patients with no personal pathological history in the psychiatric field which developed psychiatric disorders after COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 has a psychological impact on the mental health status of the worldwide and, especially when it is associated with psychotic symptoms and can affect the quality-of-life. In some cases, the virus affected the brain and as a result, the psychosis symptoms could be an emerging phenomenon associated with the corona virus. Based on the DSM V and ICD-10 criteria, the diagnosis was of acute psychiatric disorders with symptoms of schizophrenia (F23.1). The case report and review reliefs that there is a causal link between the SARS CoV-2 infection and mental disorders, which is currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Ionut Vasile
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunărea de Jos" University, Galați, România.,"Elena Doamna" Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Galaţi, România
| | - Mihaela Camelia Vasile
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunărea de Jos" University, Galați, România.,Infectious Diseases Department, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases "Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva", Galați, România
| | - Monica Laura Zlati
- Business Administration Department, Dunărea de Jos University, Galați, România.,Accounting, Audit and Finance Department, Stefan Cel Mare University, Suceava, România
| | - Elena Emanuela Herbei
- Department of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Centre of Nanostructures and Functional Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University "Dunărea de Jos", Galaţi, România
| | - Lorena Lepădatu
- "Sf Ap Andrei" Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Galați, România
| | | | - Alexandru Nechifor
- Research Center in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, Galați, România
| | - Alin Laurențiu Tatu
- Research Center in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ReFORM-UDJ, Galați, România.,Dermatology Department, "Sf Cuv Parascheva" Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galați, România.,Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC DIR, Dunărea de Jos" University, Galați, România
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5
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Ciancia M, Rataj-Baniowska M, Zinter N, Baldassarro VA, Fraulob V, Charles AL, Alvarez R, Muramatsu SI, de Lera AR, Geny B, Dollé P, Niewiadomska-Cimicka A, Krezel W. Retinoic acid receptor beta protects striatopallidal medium spiny neurons from mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 212:102246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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Maes ME, Wögenstein GM, Colombo G, Casado-Polanco R, Siegert S. Optimizing AAV2/6 microglial targeting identified enhanced efficiency in the photoreceptor degenerative environment. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:210-224. [PMID: 34703843 PMCID: PMC8516996 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used to deliver genetic material in vivo to distinct cell types such as neurons or glial cells, allowing for targeted manipulation. Transduction of microglia is mostly excluded from this strategy, likely due to the cells’ heterogeneous state upon environmental changes, which makes AAV design challenging. Here, we established the retina as a model system for microglial AAV validation and optimization. First, we show that AAV2/6 transduced microglia in both synaptic layers, where layer preference corresponds to the intravitreal or subretinal delivery method. Surprisingly, we observed significantly enhanced microglial transduction during photoreceptor degeneration. Thus, we modified the AAV6 capsid to reduce heparin binding by introducing four point mutations (K531E, R576Q, K493S, and K459S), resulting in increased microglial transduction in the outer plexiform layer. Finally, to improve microglial-specific transduction, we validated a Cre-dependent transgene delivery cassette for use in combination with the Cx3cr1CreERT2 mouse line. Together, our results provide a foundation for future studies optimizing AAV-mediated microglia transduction and highlight that environmental conditions influence microglial transduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Maes
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Gloria Colombo
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Siegert
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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7
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Kulaga SS, Miller CWT. Viral respiratory infections and psychosis: A review of the literature and the implications of COVID-19. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:520-530. [PMID: 33992695 PMCID: PMC9616688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The historical association between respiratory infections and neuropsychiatric symptoms dates back centuries, with more recent literature highlighting a link between viral infections and schizophrenia. Maternal influenza infection during pregnancy has been associated with the development of schizophrenia in offspring. Viral infections in neonates, children, and adolescents have also been associated with later development of schizophrenia. Neuroinvasive and/or systemic infections are thought to increase risk for psychopathology via inflammatory mechanisms, particularly when exposure occurs during critical neurodevelopmental windows. Several human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been associated with psychotic disorders and increasing reports of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 suggest it has neuroinvasive properties similar to those of other HCoVs. These properties, in conjunction with its ability to generate a massive inflammatory response, suggest that COVID-19 may also contribute to future psychopathology. This review will summarize the psychopathogenic mechanisms of viral infections and discuss the neuroinvasive and inflammatory properties of COVID-19 that could contribute to the development of psychotic disorders, with a focus on in utero, neonatal, and childhood exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Kulaga
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 701 W. Pratt St., 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
| | - Christopher W T Miller
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 701 W. Pratt St., 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
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8
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Ito M, Takino N, Nomura T, Kan A, Muramatsu SI. Engineered adeno-associated virus 3 vector with reduced reactivity to serum antibodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9322. [PMID: 33927271 PMCID: PMC8084969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) or their variants, such as AAV8 and AAV5, are commonly used as vectors in the clinical programs for liver-targeted gene therapy. While AAV8 vectors are not highly efficient at targeting primary human hepatocytes, AAV3 vectors have recently demonstrated remarkable efficiency at targeting both human and non-human primate hepatocytes. However, the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) impedes transduction into hepatocytes, representing a major obstacle to the clinical application of AAV3 vectors. Herein, we engineered the viral capsid to reduce its reactivity with pre-existing NAbs, thereby enhancing the transduction efficiency. By introducing three substitutions (S472A, S587A, and N706A) on the surface loop of AAV3B capsid protein, we generated a triple mutant AAV3 (AAV.GT5) vector with less reactivity to anti-AAV capsid NAbs. While the transduction efficiency of AAV.GT5 into human hepatocellular cell lines was similar to those of parental AAV3B, it was 50-fold higher for hepatocytes derived from humanized mice compared to AAV8 vectors. Moreover, the AAV.GT5 vector yield was similar to those of the AAV2 and AAV3B vectors. Thus, high resistance to pre-existing NAbs makes AAV.GT5 a promising candidate for future liver-targeted gene therapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ito
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Center for Open Innovation, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naomi Takino
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Center for Open Innovation, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | | | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Center for Open Innovation, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan. .,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Asai H, Ohkawa N, Saitoh Y, Ghandour K, Murayama E, Nishizono H, Matsuo M, Hirayama T, Kaneko R, Muramatsu SI, Yagi T, Inokuchi K. Pcdhβ deficiency affects hippocampal CA1 ensemble activity and contextual fear discrimination. Mol Brain 2020; 13:7. [PMID: 31959219 PMCID: PMC6971911 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs), a large group of adhesion molecules, are important for axonal projections and dendritic spread, but little is known about how they influence neuronal activity. The Pcdhβ cluster is strongly expressed in the hippocampus, and in vivo Ca2+ imaging in Pcdhβ-deficient mice revealed altered activity of neuronal ensembles but not of individual cells in this region in freely moving animals. Specifically, Pcdhβ deficiency increased the number of large-size neuronal ensembles and the proportion of cells shared between ensembles. Furthermore, Pcdhβ-deficient mice exhibited reduced repetitive neuronal population activity during exploration of a novel context and were less able to discriminate contexts in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. These results suggest that one function of Pcdhβs is to modulate neural ensemble activity in the hippocampus to promote context discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Asai
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohkawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshito Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Khaled Ghandour
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Emi Murayama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishizono
- Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mina Matsuo
- Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Hirayama
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Bioresource Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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10
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Araki K, Araki A, Honda D, Izumoto T, Hashizume A, Hijikata Y, Yamada S, Iguchi Y, Hara A, Ikumi K, Kawai K, Ishigaki S, Nakamichi Y, Tsunekawa S, Seino Y, Yamamoto A, Takayama Y, Hidaka S, Tominaga M, Ohara-Imaizumi M, Suzuki A, Ishiguro H, Enomoto A, Yoshida M, Arima H, Muramatsu SI, Sobue G, Katsuno M. TDP-43 regulates early-phase insulin secretion via CaV1.2-mediated exocytosis in islets. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3578-3593. [PMID: 31355778 DOI: 10.1172/jci124481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), encoded by TARDBP, is an RNA-binding protein, the nuclear depletion of which is the histopathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. Besides motor symptoms, patients with ALS often develop nonneuronal signs including glucose intolerance, but the underlying pathomechanism is still controversial, i.e., whether it is impaired insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. Here, we showed that ALS subjects reduced early-phase insulin secretion and that the nuclear localization of TDP-43 was lost in the islets of autopsied ALS pancreas. Loss of TDP-43 inhibited exocytosis by downregulating CaV1.2 calcium channels, thereby reducing early-phase insulin secretion in a cultured β cell line (MIN6) and β cell-specific Tardbp knockout mice. Overexpression of CaV1.2 restored early-phase insulin secretion in Tardbp knocked-down MIN6 cells. Our findings suggest that TDP-43 regulates cellular exocytosis mediated by L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and thus plays an important role in the early phase of insulin secretion by pancreatic islets. Thus, nuclear loss of TDP-43 is implicated in not only the selective loss of motor neurons but also in glucose intolerance due to impaired insulin secretion at an early stage of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Akitoshi Hara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yoko Nakamichi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shihomi Hidaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mica Ohara-Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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11
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Komura H, Kakio S, Sasahara T, Arai Y, Takino N, Sato M, Satomura K, Ohnishi T, Nabeshima YI, Muramatsu SI, Kii I, Hoshi M. Alzheimer Aβ Assemblies Accumulate in Excitatory Neurons upon Proteasome Inhibition and Kill Nearby NAKα3 Neurons by Secretion. iScience 2019; 13:452-477. [PMID: 30827871 PMCID: PMC6443839 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified ∼30-mer amyloid-β protein (Aβ) assemblies, termed amylospheroids, from brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) as toxic entities responsible for neurodegeneration and showed that Na+,K+-ATPase α3 (NAKα3) is the sole target of amylospheroid-mediated neurodegeneration. However, it remains unclear where in neurons amylospheroids form and how they reach their targets to induce neurodegeneration. Here, we present an in vitro culture system designed to chronologically follow amylospheroid formation in mature neurons expressing amyloid precursor protein bearing early-onset AD mutations. Amylospheroids were found to accumulate mainly in the trans-Golgi network of excitatory neurons and were initially transported in axons. Proteasome inhibition dramatically increased amylospheroid amounts in trans-Golgi by increasing Aβ levels and induced dendritic transport. Amylospheroids were secreted and caused the degeneration of adjacent NAKα3-expressing neurons. Interestingly, the ASPD-producing neurons later died non-apoptotically. Our findings demonstrate a link between ASPD levels and proteasome function, which may have important implications for AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Komura
- Department of Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shota Kakio
- Department of Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sasahara
- Department of Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naomi Takino
- Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Meiji University, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kaori Satomura
- Department of Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohnishi
- Department of Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Department of Gerontology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Isao Kii
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Minako Hoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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12
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Oishi N, Nomoto M, Ohkawa N, Saitoh Y, Sano Y, Tsujimura S, Nishizono H, Matsuo M, Muramatsu SI, Inokuchi K. Artificial association of memory events by optogenetic stimulation of hippocampal CA3 cell ensembles. Mol Brain 2019; 12:2. [PMID: 30621738 PMCID: PMC6323779 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous gain-of-function studies using an optogenetic technique showed that manipulation of the hippocampal dentate gyrus or CA1 cell ensembles is important for memory reactivation and to generate synthetic or false memory. However, gain-of-function study manipulating CA3 cell ensembles has not been reported. The CA3 area of the hippocampus comprises a recurrent excitatory circuit, which is thought to be important for the generation of associations among the stored information within one brain region. We investigated whether the coincident firing of cell ensembles in one brain region, hippocampal CA3, associates distinct events. CA3 cell ensembles responding to context exploration and during contextual fear conditioning were labeled with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)-mCherry. The synchronous activation of these ensembles induced freezing behavior in mice in a neutral context, in which a foot shock had never been delivered. The recall of this artificial associative fear memory was context specific. In vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that 20-Hz optical stimulation of ChR2-mCherry-expressing CA3 neurons, which is the same stimulation protocol used in behavioral experiment, induced long-term potentiation at CA3-CA3 synapses. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the synchronous activation of ensembles in one brain region, CA3 of the hippocampus, is sufficient for the association of distinct events. The results of our electrophysiology potentially suggest that this artificial association of memory events might be induced by the strengthening of synaptic efficacy between CA3 ensembles via recurrent circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Oishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masanori Nomoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohkawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshito Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Sano
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Present address: Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsujimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishizono
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mina Matsuo
- Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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13
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Ohtake Y, Sami A, Jiang X, Horiuchi M, Slattery K, Ma L, Smith GM, Selzer ME, Muramatsu SI, Li S. Promoting Axon Regeneration in Adult CNS by Targeting Liver Kinase B1. Mol Ther 2018; 27:102-117. [PMID: 30509565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a downstream effector of cyclic AMP (cAMP)/PKA and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, is a determinant for migration and differentiation of many cells, but its role in CNS axon regeneration is unknown. Therefore, LKB1 was overexpressed in sensorimotor cortex of adult mice five days after mid-thoracic spinal cord injury, using an AAV2 vector. Regeneration of corticospinal axons was dramatically enhanced. Next, systemic injection of a mutant-AAV9 vector was used to upregulate LKB1 specifically in neurons. This promoted long-distance regeneration of injured corticospinal fibers into caudal spinal cord in adult mice and regrowth of descending serotonergic and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive axons. Either intracortical or systemic viral delivery of LKB1 significantly improved recovery of locomotor functions in adult mice with spinal cord injury. Moreover, we demonstrated that LKB1 used AMPKα, NUAK1, and ERK as the downstream effectors in the cortex of adult mice. Thus, LKB1 may be a critical factor for enhancing the growth capacity of mature neurons and may be an important molecular target in the treatment of CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ohtake
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Armin Sami
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xinpei Jiang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Makoto Horiuchi
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kieran Slattery
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Lena Ma
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - George M Smith
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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14
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Inoue R, Abdou K, Hayashi-Tanaka A, Muramatsu SI, Mino K, Inokuchi K, Mori H. Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated amygdalar metaplasticity underlies adaptive modulation of fear memory by stress. eLife 2018; 7:34135. [PMID: 29941090 PMCID: PMC6019067 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is crucial for signaling mediated by stress-induced high levels of glucocorticoids. The lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is a key structure underlying auditory-cued fear conditioning. Here, we demonstrate that genetic disruption of GR in the LA (LAGRKO) resulted in an auditory-cued fear memory deficit for strengthened conditioning. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of a single restraint stress (RS) prior to conditioning on auditory-cued fear memory in floxed GR (control) mice was abolished in LAGRKO mice. Optogenetic induction of long-term depression (LTD) at auditory inputs to the LA reduced auditory-cued fear memory in RS-exposed LAGRKO mice, and in contrast, optogenetic induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) increased auditory-cued fear memory in RS-exposed floxed GR mice. These findings suggest that prior stress suppresses fear conditioning-induced LTP at auditory inputs to the LA in a GR-dependent manner, thereby protecting animals from encoding excessive cued fear memory under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Inoue
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kareem Abdou
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayumi Hayashi-Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Mino
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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15
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Abdou K, Shehata M, Choko K, Nishizono H, Matsuo M, Muramatsu SI, Inokuchi K. Synapse-specific representation of the identity of overlapping memory engrams. Science 2018; 360:1227-1231. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Memories are integrated into interconnected networks; nevertheless, each memory has its own identity. How the brain defines specific memory identity out of intermingled memories stored in a shared cell ensemble has remained elusive. We found that after complete retrograde amnesia of auditory fear conditioning in mice, optogenetic stimulation of the auditory inputs to the lateral amygdala failed to induce memory recall, implying that the memory engram no longer existed in that circuit. Complete amnesia of a given fear memory did not affect another linked fear memory encoded in the shared ensemble. Optogenetic potentiation or depotentiation of the plasticity at synapses specific to one memory affected the recall of only that memory. Thus, the sharing of engram cells underlies the linkage between memories, whereas synapse-specific plasticity guarantees the identity and storage of individual memories.
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16
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Igarashi H, Ikeda K, Onimaru H, Kaneko R, Koizumi K, Beppu K, Nishizawa K, Takahashi Y, Kato F, Matsui K, Kobayashi K, Yanagawa Y, Muramatsu SI, Ishizuka T, Yawo H. Targeted expression of step-function opsins in transgenic rats for optogenetic studies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5435. [PMID: 29615713 PMCID: PMC5882906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats are excellent animal models for experimental neuroscience. However, the application of optogenetics in rats has been hindered because of the limited number of established transgenic rat strains. To accomplish cell-type specific targeting of an optimized optogenetic molecular tool, we generated ROSA26/CAG-floxed STOP-ChRFR(C167A)-Venus BAC rats that conditionally express the step-function mutant channelrhodopsin ChRFR(C167A) under the control of extrinsic Cre recombinase. In primary cultured cortical neurons derived from this reporter rat, only Cre-positive cells expressing ChRFR(C167A) became bi-stable, that is, their excitability was enhanced by blue light and returned to the baseline by yellow~red light. In bigenic pups carrying the Phox2B-Cre driver, ChRFR(C167A) was specifically expressed in the rostral parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) in the medulla, where endogenous Phox2b immunoreactivity was detected. These neurons were sensitive to blue light with an increase in the firing frequency. Thus, this transgenic rat actuator/reporter system should facilitate optogenetic studies involving the effective in vivo manipulation of the activities of specific cell fractions using light of minimal intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Igarashi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate school of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS Research Fellow), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onimaru
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Department of Genetic and Behavioural Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kyo Koizumi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaoru Beppu
- Department of Super-network Brain Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kayo Nishizawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Matsui
- Department of Super-network Brain Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioural Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ishizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate school of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan.
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17
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Axelsen TM, Woldbye DP. Gene Therapy for Parkinson's Disease, An Update. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 8:195-215. [PMID: 29710735 PMCID: PMC6027861 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current mainstay treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) consists of dopamine replacement therapy which, in addition to causing several side effects, does not delay disease progression. The field of gene therapy offers a potential means to improve current therapy. The present review gives an update of the present status of gene therapy for PD. Both non-disease and disease modifying transgenes have been tested for PD gene therapy in animal and human studies. Non-disease modifying treatments targeting dopamine or GABA synthesis have been successful and promising at improving PD symptomatology in randomized clinical studies, but substantial testing remains before these can be implemented in the standard clinical treatment repertoire. As for disease modifying targets that theoretically offer the possibility of slowing the progression of disease, several neurotrophic factors show encouraging results in preclinical models (e.g., neurturin, GDNF, BDNF, CDNF, VEGF-A). However, so far, clinical trials have only tested neurturin, and, unfortunately, no trial has been able to meet its primary endpoint. Future clinical trials with neurotrophic factors clearly deserve to be conducted, considering the still enticing goal of actually slowing the disease process of PD. As alternative types of gene therapy, opto- and chemogenetics might also find future use in PD treatment and novel genome-editing technology could also potentially be applied as individualized gene therapy for genetic types of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M. Axelsen
- Department of Neurology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - David P.D. Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience, Panum Institute, Mærsk Tower, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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18
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Igarashi H, Koizumi K, Kaneko R, Ikeda K, Egawa R, Yanagawa Y, Muramatsu SI, Onimaru H, Ishizuka T, Yawo H. A Novel Reporter Rat Strain That Conditionally Expresses the Bright Red Fluorescent Protein tdTomato. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155687. [PMID: 27195805 PMCID: PMC4873025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the strength of the Cre/loxP recombination system in animal models, its application in rats trails that in mice because of the lack of relevant reporter strains. Here, we generated a floxed STOP tdTomato rat that conditionally expresses a red fluorescent protein variant (tdTomato) in the presence of exogenous Cre recombinase. The tdTomato signal vividly visualizes neurons including their projection fibers and spines without any histological enhancement. In addition, a transgenic rat line (FLAME) that ubiquitously expresses tdTomato was successfully established by injecting intracytoplasmic Cre mRNA into fertilized ova. Our rat reporter system will facilitate connectome studies as well as the visualization of the fine structures of genetically identified cells for long periods both in vivo and ex vivo. Furthermore, FLAME is an ideal model for organ transplantation research owing to improved traceability of cells/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Igarashi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tohoku University Division for Interdisciplinary Advanced Research and Education, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyo Koizumi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Bioresource center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Egawa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onimaru
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ishizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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19
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Gene Therapy of CNS Disorders Using Recombinant AAV Vectors. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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20
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Ito H, Fujita K, Tagawa K, Chen X, Homma H, Sasabe T, Shimizu J, Shimizu S, Tamura T, Muramatsu SI, Okazawa H. HMGB1 facilitates repair of mitochondrial DNA damage and extends the lifespan of mutant ataxin-1 knock-in mice. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:78-101. [PMID: 25510912 PMCID: PMC4309669 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant ataxin-1 (Atxn1), which causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), binds to and impairs the function of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a crucial nuclear protein that regulates DNA architectural changes essential for DNA damage repair and transcription. In this study, we established that transgenic or virus vector-mediated complementation with HMGB1 ameliorates motor dysfunction and prolongs lifespan in mutant Atxn1 knock-in (Atxn1-KI) mice. We identified mitochondrial DNA damage repair by HMGB1 as a novel molecular basis for this effect, in addition to the mechanisms already associated with HMGB1 function, such as nuclear DNA damage repair and nuclear transcription. The dysfunction and the improvement of mitochondrial DNA damage repair functions are tightly associated with the exacerbation and rescue, respectively, of symptoms, supporting the involvement of mitochondrial DNA quality control by HMGB1 in SCA1 pathology. Moreover, we show that the rescue of Purkinje cell dendrites and dendritic spines by HMGB1 could be downstream effects. Although extracellular HMGB1 triggers inflammation mediated by Toll-like receptor and receptor for advanced glycation end products, upregulation of intracellular HMGB1 does not induce such side effects. Thus, viral delivery of HMGB1 is a candidate approach by which to modify the disease progression of SCA1 even after the onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Ito
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyota Fujita
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tagawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xigui Chen
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Homma
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Sasabe
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Tamura
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Department of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
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Miyamoto Y, Iida A, Sato K, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. Knockdown of dopamine D₂ receptors in the nucleus accumbens core suppresses methamphetamine-induced behaviors and signal transduction in mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu038. [PMID: 25522385 PMCID: PMC4360230 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addictive drugs lead to reinforcing properties by increasing dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, which is composed of a core and shell regions. Neurons in the nucleus accumbens are divided into 2 subtypes based on the differential gene expression of the dopamine D₁ receptors and D₂ receptors. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the role of D₂ receptors in the nucleus accumbens core in behaviors and signal transduction induced by psychostimulant methamphetamine in mice that were microinjected with adeno-associated virus vectors containing a microRNA (miRNA) sequence for D₂ receptor (adeno-associated virus-miD2r vectors) in the nucleus accumbens core. The adeno-associated virus vectors containing a miRNA sequence for D₂ receptor-treated mice (miD₂r mice) were assessed at a reduction in D₂ receptor, but at no change in dopamine D₁ receptor, in the nucleus accumbens core compared with the adeno-associated virus-Mock vectors-treated mice (Mock mice). RESULTS miD₂r mice exhibited a reduction in hyperlocomotion that was induced by a single treatment with methamphetamine. The development of locomotor sensitization induced by repeated treatment with methamphetamine exhibited less extension in miD₂r mice. In a place conditioning paradigm, the preferred effects of methamphetamine were significantly weaker in miD₂r mice than in Mock mice. Furthermore, the single treatment with methamphetamine-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein in the nucleus accumbens core of miD₂r mice was decreased compared with that in Mock mice. Repeated treatment with methamphetamine-induced delta FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B accumulation in the nucleus accumbens core of miD₂r mice was also attenuated. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a D₂ receptor-mediated neuronal pathway from the nucleus accumbens core plays an inhibitory role in the development of reinforcing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan (Drs Miyamoto, Sato, and Nitta); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan (Drs Iida and Muramatsu).
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The current status of gene therapy for Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurosci 2014; 17:92-5. [PMID: 25205879 PMCID: PMC4116997 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972-7531.1017209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent development of viral vectors, especially vectors derived from adeno–associated virus (AAV), has translated gene therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) from animal experiments into clinical trials. The current gene therapy protocols used are based on three major strategies. The first protocol involves local production of dopamine via the introduction of dopamine–synthesizing enzyme genes into the putamen. The aromatic L–amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) gene has been transferred in this manner with the aim of efficiently converting orally administered L–dopa. The delivery of triple genes including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GCH) and AADC is also being undertaken, and is aimed at continuously supplying dopamine into the putamen. The second protocol involves the protection of nigrostriatal projections via the production of neurturin, a trophic factor for dopaminergic neurons in the putamen. The final method includes the modulation of neural activity along the output pathway of the basal ganglia by transducing the subthalamic nucleus with vectors expressing glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD–65, GAD–67), a key enzyme required for the synthesis of the inhibitory transmitter –aminobutyric acid (GABA). The initial results of phase 1 studies using AAV vectors have not only confirmed the safety of these vectors, but have also revealed the alleviation of motor symptoms associated with PD.
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Yamashita T, Chai HL, Teramoto S, Tsuji S, Shimazaki K, Muramatsu SI, Kwak S. Rescue of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype in a mouse model by intravenous AAV9-ADAR2 delivery to motor neurons. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1710-9. [PMID: 24115583 PMCID: PMC3840487 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease, and the lack of effective therapy results in inevitable death within a few years of onset. Failure of GluA2 RNA editing resulting from downregulation of the RNA-editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) occurs in the majority of ALS cases and causes the death of motor neurons via a Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptor-mediated mechanism. Here, we explored the possibility of gene therapy for ALS by upregulating ADAR2 in mouse motor neurons using an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector that provides gene delivery to a wide array of central neurons after peripheral administration. A single intravenous injection of AAV9-ADAR2 in conditional ADAR2 knockout mice (AR2), which comprise a mechanistic mouse model of sporadic ALS, caused expression of exogenous ADAR2 in the central neurons and effectively prevented progressive motor dysfunction. Notably, AAV9-ADAR2 rescued the motor neurons of AR2 mice from death by normalizing TDP-43 expression. This AAV9-mediated ADAR2 gene delivery may therefore enable the development of a gene therapy for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenari Yamashita
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Iwata N, Sekiguchi M, Hattori Y, Takahashi A, Asai M, Ji B, Higuchi M, Staufenbiel M, Muramatsu SI, Saido TC. Global brain delivery of neprilysin gene by intravascular administration of AAV vector in mice. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1472. [PMID: 23503602 PMCID: PMC3600598 DOI: 10.1038/srep01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain is closely associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Stereotaxic infusion of neprilysin-encoding viral vectors into the hippocampus has been shown to decrease Aβ in AD-model mice, but more efficient and global delivery is necessary to treat the broadly distributed burden in AD. Here we developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector capable of providing neuronal gene expression throughout the brains after peripheral administration. A single intracardiac administration of the vector carrying neprilysin gene in AD-model mice elevated neprilysin activity broadly in the brain, and reduced Aβ oligomers, with concurrent alleviation of abnormal learning and memory function and improvement of amyloid burden. The exogenous neprilysin was localized mainly in endosomes, thereby effectively excluding Aβ oligomers from the brain. AAV vector-mediated gene transfer may provide a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases, where global transduction of a therapeutic gene into the brain is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Iwata
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Systemic delivery of tyrosine-mutant AAV vectors results in robust transduction of neurons in adult mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:974819. [PMID: 23762870 PMCID: PMC3671507 DOI: 10.1155/2013/974819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are powerful tools for both basic neuroscience experiments and clinical gene therapies for neurological diseases. Intravascularly administered self-complementary AAV9 vectors can cross the blood-brain barrier. However, AAV9 vectors are of limited usefulness because they mainly transduce astrocytes in adult animal brains and have restrictions on foreign DNA package sizes. In this study, we show that intracardiac injections of tyrosine-mutant pseudotype AAV9/3 vectors resulted in extensive and widespread transgene expression in the brains and spinal cords of adult mice. Furthermore, the usage of neuron-specific promoters achieved selective transduction of neurons. These results suggest that tyrosine-mutant AAV9/3 vectors may be effective vehicles for delivery of therapeutic genes, including miRNAs, into the brain and for treating diseases that affect broad areas of the central nervous system.
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Viral delivery of miR-196a ameliorates the SBMA phenotype via the silencing of CELF2. Nat Med 2012; 18:1136-41. [PMID: 22660636 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract of the androgen receptor (AR-polyQ). Characteristics of SBMA include proximal muscular atrophy, weakness, contraction fasciculation and bulbar involvement. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a diverse class of highly conserved small RNA molecules that function as crucial regulators of gene expression in animals and plants. Recent functional studies have shown the potent activity of specific miRNAs as disease modifiers both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, potential therapeutic approaches that target the miRNA processing pathway have recently attracted attention. Here we describe a novel therapeutic approach using the adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector–mediated delivery of a specific miRNA for SBMA. We found that miR-196a enhanced the decay of the AR mRNA by silencing CUGBP, Elav-like family member 2 (CELF2). CELF2 directly acted on AR mRNA and enhanced the stability of AR mRNA. Furthermore, we found that the early intervention of miR-196a delivered by an AAV vector ameliorated the SBMA phenotypes in a mouse model. Our results establish the proof of principle that disease-specific miRNA delivery could be useful in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Palfi A, Chadderton N, McKee AG, Blanco Fernandez A, Humphries P, Kenna PF, Farrar GJ. Efficacy of Codelivery of Dual AAV2/5 Vectors in the Murine Retina and Hippocampus. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:847-58. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Palfi
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Flow Cytometry Core Facilities, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Naomi Chadderton
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alex G. McKee
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Peter Humphries
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paul F. Kenna
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G. Jane Farrar
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Dopamine release via the vacuolar ATPase V0 sector c-subunit, confirmed in N18 neuroblastoma cells, results in behavioral recovery in hemiparkinsonian mice. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:907-12. [PMID: 22265874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 16-kDa proteolipid, mediatophore, in Torpedo electric organs mediates Ca(2+)-dependent acetylcholine release. Mediatophore is identical to the pore-forming stalk c-subunit of the V0 sector of vacuolar proton ATPase (ATP6V0C). The function of ATP6V0C in the mammalian central nervous system is not clear. Here, we report transfection of adeno-associated viral vectors harboring rat ATP6V0C into the mouse substantia nigra, in which high potassium stimulation increased overflow of endogenous dopamine (DA) measured in the striatum by in vivo microdialysis. Next, in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mice, a model of Parkinson's disease (PD), human tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic l-amino-acid decarboxylase and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1, together with or without ATP6V0C, were expressed in the caudoputamen for rescue. Motor performance on the accelerating rotarod test and amphetamine-induced ipsilateral rotation were improved in the rescued mice coexpressing ATP6V0C. [(3)H]DA, taken up into cultured N18 neuronal tumor cells transformed to express ATP6V0C, was released by potassium stimulation. These results indicated that ATP6V0C mediates DA release from nerve terminals in the striatum of DA neurons of normal mice and from gene-transferred striatal cells of parkinsonian mice. The results suggested that ATP6V0C may be useful as a rescue molecule in addition to DA-synthetic enzymes in the gene therapy of PD.
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Tokuoka H, Muramatsu SI, Sumi-Ichinose C, Sakane H, Kojima M, Aso Y, Nomura T, Metzger D, Ichinose H. Compensatory regulation of dopamine after ablation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in the nigrostriatal projection. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43549-58. [PMID: 22027820 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.284729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; EC 1.14.16.2) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the dopamine synthesis and important for the central dopaminergic system, which controls voluntary movements and reward-dependent behaviors. Here, to further explore the regulatory mechanism of dopamine levels by TH in adult mouse brains, we employed a genetic method to inactivate the Th gene in the nigrostriatal projection using the Cre-loxP system. Stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus expressing Cre recombinase (AAV-Cre) into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), where dopaminergic cell bodies locate, specifically inactivated the Th gene. Whereas the number of TH-expressing cells decreased to less than 40% in the SNc 2 weeks after the AAV-Cre injection, the striatal TH protein level decreased to 75%, 50%, and 39% at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively, after the injection. Thus, unexpectedly, the reduction of TH protein in the striatum, where SNc dopaminergic axons innervate densely, was slower than in the SNc. Moreover, despite the essential requirement of TH for dopamine synthesis, the striatal dopamine contents were only moderately decreased, to 70% even 8 weeks after AAV-Cre injection. Concurrently, in vivo synthesis activity of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, the dopamine precursor, per TH protein level was augmented, suggesting up-regulation of dopamine synthesis activity in the intact nigrostriatal axons. Collectively, our conditional Th gene targeting method demonstrates two regulatory mechanisms of TH in axon terminals for dopamine homeostasis in vivo: local regulation of TH protein amount independent of soma and trans-axonal regulation of apparent L-dihydroxyphenylalanine synthesis activity per TH protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tokuoka
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B-7, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501 Japan.
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Morgenstern PF, Marongiu R, Musatov SA, Kaplitt MG. Adeno-associated viral gene delivery in neurodegenerative disease. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 793:443-55. [PMID: 21913118 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-328-8_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The advent of viral gene therapy technology has contributed greatly to the study of a variety of medical conditions, and there is increasing promise for clinical translation of gene therapy into human treatments. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors provide one of the more promising approaches to gene delivery, and have been used extensively over the last 20 years. Derived from nonpathogenic parvoviruses, these vectors allow for stable and robust expression of desired transgenes in vitro and in vivo. AAV vectors efficiently and stably transduce neurons, with some strains targeting neurons exclusively in the brain. Thus, AAV vectors are particularly useful for neurodegenerative diseases, which have led to numerous preclinical studies and several human trials of gene therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and pediatric neurogenetic disorders. Here, we describe an efficient and reliable method for the production and purification of AAV serotype 2 vectors for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Morgenstern
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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MURAMATSU SHINICHI, ASARI SAYAKA, FUJIMOTO KENICHI, OZAWA KEIYA, NAKANO IMAHARU. GENE THERAPY FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE: STRATEGIES FOR THE LOCAL PRODUCTION OF DOPAMINE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1142/s1568558610000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Krzyżosiak A, Szyszka-Niagolov M, Wietrzych M, Gobaille S, Muramatsu SI, Krężel W. Retinoid X Receptor Gamma Control of Affective Behaviors Involves Dopaminergic Signaling in Mice. Neuron 2010; 66:908-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nilsson P, Iwata N, Muramatsu SI, Tjernberg LO, Winblad B, Saido TC. Gene therapy in Alzheimer's disease - potential for disease modification. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:741-57. [PMID: 20158567 PMCID: PMC3823109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the elderly, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline. The mechanism underlying onset of the disease has not been fully elucidated. However, characteristic pathological manifestations include extracellular accumulation and aggregation of the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) into plaques and intracellular accumulation and aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, forming neurofibrillary tangles. Despite extensive research worldwide, no disease modifying treatment is yet available. In this review, we focus on gene therapy as a potential treatment for AD, and summarize recent work in the field, ranging from proof-of-concept studies in animal models to clinical trials. The multifactorial causes of AD offer a variety of possible targets for gene therapy, including two neurotrophic growth factors, nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Abeta-degrading enzymes, such as neprilysin, endothelin-converting enzyme and cathepsin B, and AD associated apolipoprotein E. This review also discusses advantages and drawbacks of various rapidly developing virus-mediated gene delivery techniques for gene therapy. Finally, approaches aiming at down-regulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 levels by means of siRNA-mediated knockdown are briefly summarized. Overall, the prospects appear hopeful that gene therapy has the potential to be a disease modifying treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Nilsson
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science InstituteWako-shi, Saitama, Japan
- KI-Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetNovum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nobuhisa Iwata
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science InstituteWako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical SchoolShimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- KI-Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetNovum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- KI-Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstitutetNovum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science InstituteWako-shi, Saitama, Japan
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Heldt SA, Ressler KJ. The Use of Lentiviral Vectors and Cre/loxP to Investigate the Function of Genes in Complex Behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci 2009; 2:22. [PMID: 20011219 PMCID: PMC2790954 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.02.022.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of conventional knockout technologies has proved valuable for understanding the role of key genes and proteins in development, disease states, and complex behaviors. However, these strategies are limited in that they produce broad changes in gene function throughout the neuroaxis and do little to identify the effects of such changes on neural circuits thought to be involved in distinct functions. Because the molecular functions of genes often depend on the specific neuronal circuit in which they are expressed, restricting gene manipulation to specific brain regions and times may be more useful for understanding gene functions. Conditional gene manipulation strategies offer a powerful alternative. In this report we briefly describe two conditional gene strategies that are increasingly being used to investigate the role of genes in behavior – the Cre/loxP recombination system and lentiviral vectors. Next, we summarize a number of recent experiments which have used these techniques to investigate behavior after spatial and/or temporal and gene manipulation. These conditional gene targeting strategies provide useful tools to study the endogenous mechanisms underlying complex behaviors and to model disease states resulting from aberrant gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Heldt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ito T, Yamamoto S, Hayashi T, Kodera M, Mizukami H, Ozawa K, Muramatsu SI. A convenient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid screening of anti-adeno-associated virus neutralizing antibodies. Ann Clin Biochem 2009; 46:508-10. [PMID: 19729501 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2009.009077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors based on serotype 2 (AAV-2) have become leading vehicles for gene therapy. Most humans in the general population have anti-AAV-2 antibodies as a result of naturally acquired infections. Pre-existing immunity to AAV-2 might affect the functional and safety consequences of AAV-2 vector-mediated gene transfer in clinical applications. METHODS An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was developed using microwell plates coated with intact particles of recombinant AAV-2 vectors, and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin G (HRP-IgG). Neutralizing antibody titres were analysed by assessing the ability of serum antibody to inhibit transduction into HEK293 cells of AAV vectors that express beta-galactosidase. RESULTS Anti-AAV-2 antibodies were detected by ELISA in two of 20 healthy subjects. The positivity criterion (optical density >0.5) in ELISA corresponded to the cut-off value (320-fold dilution of serum) in the AAV-2 neutralization assay. Influences of interfering substances were not observed. CONCLUSION This ELISA method may be useful for rapid screening of anti-AAV-2 neutralizing antibodies in candidates for gene therapy.
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Kuratomi S, Ohmori Y, Ito M, Shimazaki K, Muramatsu SI, Mizukami H, Uosaki H, Yamashita JK, Arai Y, Kuwahara K, Takano M. The cardiac pacemaker-specific channel Hcn4 is a direct transcriptional target of MEF2. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 83:682-7. [PMID: 19477969 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hcn4, which encodes the hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-sensitive channel (I(h)), is a well-established marker of the cardiac sino-atrial node. We aimed to identify cis-elements in the genomic locus of the Hcn4 gene that regulate the transcription of Hcn4. METHODS AND RESULTS We screened evolutionarily conserved non-coding sequences (CNSs) that are often involved in the regulation of gene expression. The VISTA Enhancer Browser identified 16 regions, termed CNS 1-16, within the Hcn4 locus. Using the luciferase reporter assay in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we found that CNS13 conferred a prominent enhancer activity (more than 30-fold) on the Hcn4 promoter. Subsequent mutation analysis revealed that the Hcn4 enhancer function was dependent on myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) and activator protein-1 (AP1) binding sequences located in CNS13. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that MEF2 and AP1 proteins bound CNS13. Furthermore, overexpression of a dominant negative MEF2 mutant inhibited the enhancer activity of CNS13, decreased Hcn4 mRNA expression and also decreased the amplitude of I(h) current in myocytes isolated from the inflow tract of embryonic heart. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the novel enhancer CNS13 and MEF2 may play a critical role in the transcription of Hcn4 in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Kuratomi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Cao L, Lin EJD, Cahill MC, Wang C, Liu X, During MJ. Molecular therapy of obesity and diabetes by a physiological autoregulatory approach. Nat Med 2009; 15:447-54. [PMID: 19270710 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key element in the regulation of energy balance. Here we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of BDNF by gene transfer in mouse models of obesity and diabetes. Gene transfer of BDNF led to marked weight loss and alleviation of obesity-associated insulin resistance. To facilitate clinical translation and ensure that BDNF protein expression was appropriately decreased as weight loss progressed, thus preventing cachexia, we developed a molecular autoregulatory system involving a single recombinant adeno-associated virus vector harboring two expression cassettes, one constitutively driving BDNF and the other driving a specific microRNA targeting BDNF. The microRNA element was controlled by a promoter (that controlling the Agrp gene encoding agouti-related peptide) responsive to BDNF-induced physiological changes. Hence, as body weight decreased and agouti-related protein is induced, microRNA expression was activated, inhibiting transgene expression. In contrast to the progressive weight loss associated with a nonregulated approach, this microRNA-approach led to a sustainable plateau of body weight after notable weight loss was achieved. This strategy mimics the body's endogenous physiological feedback mechanisms, thereby resetting the hypothalamic set point to reverse obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Cancer Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Fukushima F, Nakao K, Shinoe T, Fukaya M, Muramatsu SI, Sakimura K, Kataoka H, Mori H, Watanabe M, Manabe T, Mishina M. Ablation of NMDA receptors enhances the excitability of hippocampal CA3 neurons. PLoS One 2009; 4:e3993. [PMID: 19142228 PMCID: PMC2615205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronized discharges in the hippocampal CA3 recurrent network are supposed to underlie network oscillations, memory formation and seizure generation. In the hippocampal CA3 network, NMDA receptors are abundant at the recurrent synapses but scarce at the mossy fiber synapses. We generated mutant mice in which NMDA receptors were abolished in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons by postnatal day 14. The histological and cytological organizations of the hippocampal CA3 region were indistinguishable between control and mutant mice. We found that mutant mice lacking NMDA receptors selectively in CA3 pyramidal neurons became more susceptible to kainate-induced seizures. Consistently, mutant mice showed characteristic large EEG spikes associated with multiple unit activities (MUA), suggesting enhanced synchronous firing of CA3 neurons. The electrophysiological balance between fast excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission was comparable between control and mutant pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region, while the NMDA receptor-slow AHP coupling was diminished in the mutant neurons. In the adult brain, inducible ablation of NMDA receptors in the hippocampal CA3 region by the viral expression vector for Cre recombinase also induced similar large EEG spikes. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of CA3 NMDA receptors enhanced the susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures. These results raise an intriguing possibility that hippocampal CA3 NMDA receptors may suppress the excitability of the recurrent network as a whole in vivo by restricting synchronous firing of CA3 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Fukushima
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Nakao
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Shinoe
- Division of Neuronal Network, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kataoka
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Manabe
- Division of Neuronal Network, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mishina
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Huang F, Cai R, Qian C, Liu X. Targeting strategies for adeno-associated viral vector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-007-0260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of gene therapy to correct or replace deficient genes has been a long-standing aspiration. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings from basic and applied research suggest that at last it may be possible to translate experimental procedures into effective patient therapies for genetic diseases. Therapies for neurodegenerative diseases potentially include, as their targets, both monogenic conditions (e.g. lysosomal storage disorders) and more genetically complex diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disorders). SUMMARY The use of gene therapy to target the central nervous system presents specific technical and biological challenges. These may be overcome by using novel gene vector delivery strategies. Current research should illuminate the temporal window required to achieve a successful therapy. As greater knowledge is accumulated about gene therapy, correlations will be made between the level of gene expression from the therapeutic vector, the extent of correction after treatment, and the stage of disease progression when therapy is initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cardone
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Gene transfer is being rigorously evaluated in the laboratory in the preparation for the development of clinical therapies. Many CNS diseases, which have proved more challenging to treat than peripheral disorders, are prime candidates for gene therapy. However, there are numerous considerations in the development of gene therapy, including delivery, maintenance of expression, transgene level regulation, toxicity of the viral vector system and safety of the gene product. The authors review these issues and discuss various approaches used in preclinical studies. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are employed as models, in which much research has already been performed, to address disease-specific questions about gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Ryan
- University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rochester, New York, USA
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Hayakawa H, Hayashita-Kinoh H, Nihira T, Seki T, Mizuno Y, Mochizuki H. The isolation of neural stem cells from the olfactory bulb of Parkinson's disease model. Neurosci Res 2007; 57:393-8. [PMID: 17222932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyposmia is one of the characteristic symptoms of PD. We isolated the neurosphere forming cells (NSFCs) from the olfactory bulb (OB) after dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which is a model of Parkinson's disease. We used BrdU to label dividing cells and isolated NSFCs from the OB of adult mice with or without MPTP to confirm the function of OB in PD models. Seven days after MPTP treatment, BrdU-positive cells were significantly increased in the OB, especially in the glomerular layer (GL) and the subependymal zone (SEZ). The number of neurospheres derived from the adult OB was not decreased in groups receiving MPTP, instead, it was significantly increased at 21 days post-injection and only returned to control levels 40 days after MPTP administration. We also evaluated the differentiation of NSFCs into neural subtypes and found that these NSFCs could be well infected with retrovirus. Adult neurogenesis may be enhanced as a repair system in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells of the OB after MPTP administration. The isolation of neural stem cells from the OB after MPTP administration has helped to establish the cellular basis of neurogenesis and supports a role for the transplant-mediated treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hayakawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Feigin A, Eidelberg D. Gene transfer therapy for neurodegenerative disorders. Mov Disord 2007; 22:1223-8; quiz 1369. [PMID: 17393533 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in gene transfer technology have led to promising new therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. This article will review methods of gene transfer therapy and applications of these techniques to both genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative illnesses. The article will focus on Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Several promising gene therapy approaches to these diseases are being pursued both in animal models and in early human trials. Initial safety-tolerability results from these trials appear promising. It is therefore likely that the number of human trials of gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders will increase over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Feigin
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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Gonzalez-Barrios JA, Lindahl M, Bannon MJ, Anaya-Martínez V, Flores G, Navarro-Quiroga I, Trudeau LE, Aceves J, Martinez-Arguelles DB, Garcia-Villegas R, Jiménez I, Segovia J, Martinez-Fong D. Neurotensin polyplex as an efficient carrier for delivering the human GDNF gene into nigral dopamine neurons of hemiparkinsonian rats. Mol Ther 2006; 14:857-65. [PMID: 17015039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we showed that the neurotensin polyplex is a nanoparticle carrier system that targets reporter genes in nigral dopamine neurons in vivo. Herein, we report its first practical application in experimental parkinsonism, which consisted of transfecting dopamine neurons with the gene coding for human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (hGDNF). Hemiparkinsonism was induced in rats by a single dose of 6-hydroxydopamine (30 microg) into the ventrolateral part of the striatum. We showed that transfection of the hGDNF gene into the substantia nigra of rats 1 week after the neurotoxin injection produced biochemical, anatomical, and functional recovery from hemiparkinsonism. RT-PCR analysis showed mRNA expression of exogenous hGDNF in the transfected substantia nigra. Western blot analysis verified transgene expression by recognizing the flag epitope added at the C-terminus of the hGDNF polypeptide, which was found mainly in dopamine neurons by double immunofluorescence techniques. These data indicate that the neurotensin polyplex holds great promise for the neuroprotective therapy of Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Gonzalez-Barrios
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000 México, D.F., México
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Laser literature watch. Photomed Laser Surg 2006; 24:537-71. [PMID: 16942439 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2006.24.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Aronoff R, Petersen CCH. Controlled and localized genetic manipulation in the brain. J Cell Mol Med 2006; 10:333-52. [PMID: 16796803 PMCID: PMC3933125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain structure and function are determined in part through experience and in part through our inherited genes. A powerful approach for unravelling the balance between activity-dependent neuronal plasticity and genetic programs is to directly manipulate the genome. Such molecular genetic studies have been greatly aided by the remarkable progress of large-scale genome sequencing efforts. Sophisticated mouse genetic manipulations allow targeted point-mutations, deletions and additions to the mouse genome. These can be regulated through inducible promoters expressing in genetically specified neuronal cell types. However, despite significant progress it remains difficult to target specific brain regions through transgenesis alone. Recent work suggests that transduction vectors, like lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses, may provide suitable additional tools for localized and controlled genetic manipulation. Furthermore, studies with such vectors may aid the development of human genetic therapies for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Aronoff
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - C C H Petersen
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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