1
|
Xin Q, Chen Y, Sun X, Li R, Wu Y, Huang X. CAR-T therapy for ovarian cancer: Recent advances and future directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116349. [PMID: 38852648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological tumor with high mortality, which is difficult to control its progression with conventional treatments and is prone to recurrence. Recent studies have identified OC as an immunogenic tumor that can be recognized by the host immune system. Immunotherapy for OC is being evaluated, but approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy, adoptive cell therapy is an alternative therapy, in which CAR(chimeric antigen receptor)-T therapy has been applied to the clinical treatment of hematological malignancies. In addition, CAR-NK and CAR-macrophage (CAR-M) have also shown great potential in the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we discuss recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies of CAR-T for OC treatment, introduce the efforts made by researchers to modify the structure of CAR in order to achieve effective OC immunotherapy, as well as the research status of CAR-NK and CAR-M, and highlight emerging therapeutic opportunities that can be utilized to improve the survival of patients with OC using CAR-based adoptive cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Xin
- Anhui Women and Children's Medical Center, Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Anhui Women and Children's Medical Center, Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, China.
| | - Yujing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xuegui Huang
- Anhui Women and Children's Medical Center, Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yeo SP, Kua L, Tan JW, Lim JK, Wong FHS, Santos MD, Poh CM, Goh AXH, Koh XY, Zhou X, Rajarethinam R, Chen Q, Her Z, Horak ID, Low L, Tan KW. B7-H3-Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptors Epstein-Barr Virus-specific T Cells Provides a Tumor Agnostic Off-The-Shelf Therapy Against B7-H3-positive Solid Tumors. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1410-1429. [PMID: 38717140 PMCID: PMC11149603 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Encouraged by the observations of significant B7-H3 protein overexpression in many human solid tumors compared to healthy tissues, we directed our focus towards targeting B7-H3 using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. We utilized a nanobody as the B7-H3-targeting domain in our CAR construct to circumvent the stability issues associated with single-chain variable fragment-based domains. In efforts to expand patient access to CAR T-cell therapy, we engineered our nanobody-based CAR into human Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cells (EBVST), offering a readily available off-the-shelf treatment. B7H3.CAR-armored EBVSTs demonstrated potent in vitro and in vivo activities against multiple B7-H3-positive human tumor cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. Murine T cells expressing a murine equivalent of our B7H3.CAR exhibited no life-threatening toxicities in immunocompetent mice bearing syngeneic tumors. Further in vitro evaluation revealed that while human T, B, and natural killer cells were unaffected by B7H3.CAR EBVSTs, monocytes were targeted because of upregulation of B7-H3. Such targeting of myeloid cells, which are key mediators of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), contributed to a low incidence of CRS in humanized mice after B7H3.CAR EBVST treatment. Notably, we showed that B7H3.CAR EBVSTs can target B7-H3-expressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), thereby mitigating MDSC-driven immune suppression. In summary, our data demonstrate that our nanobody-based B7H3.CAR EBVSTs are effective as an off-the-shelf therapy for B7-H3-positive solid tumors. These cells also offer an avenue to modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, highlighting their promising clinical potential in targeting solid tumors. SIGNIFICANCE Clinical application of EBVSTs armored with B7-H3-targeting CARs offer an attractive solution to translate off-the-shelf CAR T cells as therapy for solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay Kua
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore
- Tikva Allocell Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - Jin Wei Tan
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore
- Tikva Allocell Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | | | - Fiona HS Wong
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore
- Tikva Allocell Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | | | | | - Angeline XH Goh
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore
- Tikva Allocell Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ravisankar Rajarethinam
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Her
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ivan D. Horak
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore
- Tikva Allocell Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - Lionel Low
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore
- Tikva Allocell Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - Kar Wai Tan
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore
- Tikva Allocell Pte Ltd, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kisielewski D, Naegele M. Advanced Practice Nursing and CAR-T Cell Therapy: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions. Semin Oncol Nurs 2024; 40:151628. [PMID: 38594105 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2024.151628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a new treatment for patients with myeloma and other B cell malignancies where advanced practice nurses (APN) can make a great contribution. The aim of this review is to identify key aspects of current literature relevant to APNs working with this population. METHODS Discussion of selected peer-reviewed literature and best practice guidelines found through electronic database searches (CINAHL, MEDLINE). RESULTS Although few APN roles in CAR-T cell therapy have been published to date, recent research suggests that the APN is central to the care of these patients. They are essential for continuity of care and navigation through the treatment process, providing an important and consistent point of contact for patients' and carers' anxieties and uncertainties. APNs play a central role in symptom management, as they constantly incorporate new experience and scientific findings into the refinement of existing protocols. The continuum of care extends far beyond the inpatient stay and addresses symptoms that may persist long after cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity have resolved. The APN may therefore make a relevant contribution to patients' health-related quality of life, given its likely correlation with the dynamics and intensity of treatment-related symptoms. The APN also takes on a leadership role in the treatment team. CONCLUSIONS APNs use all core competencies to sustainably support and empower patients and caregivers. This is achieved through counseling and education, in addition to identifying, developing, and implementing evidence-based symptom management. They play pivotal roles in introducing new CAR-T cell products, educating teams, and advancing their role through APN networks. Finally, APNs are integral members of multiprofessional teams, supporting colleagues in ethically challenging patient situations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE APNs in the field of CAR-T cell therapy make an important contribution to the continuous care of patients, caregivers, and treatment teams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kisielewski
- Department for Haematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Palliative Care, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Naegele
- Department of Development and Quality Management in Nursing, Network Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naik S, Velasquez MP, Gottschalk S. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: how far are we from a clinical application? Haematologica 2024; 109:1656-1667. [PMID: 38832421 PMCID: PMC11141645 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent and/or refractory (R/R) pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a recalcitrant disease with poor outcomes. Cell therapy with genetically modified immune effector cells holds the promise to improve outcomes for R/R AML since it relies on cytotoxic mechanisms that are distinct from chemotherapeutic agents. While T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) showed significant anti-AML activity in preclinical models, early phase clinical studies have demonstrated limited activity, irrespective of the targeted AML antigen. Lack of efficacy is most likely multifactorial, including: (i) a limited array of AML-specific targets and target antigen heterogeneity; (ii) the aggressive nature of R/R AML and heavy pretreatment of patients; (iii) T-cell product manufacturing, and (iv) limited expansion and persistence of the CAR T cells, which is in part driven by the immunosuppressive AML microenvironment. Here we review the results of early phase clinical studies with AML-specific CAR T cells, and avenues investigators are exploring to improve their effector function.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Child
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Animals
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dai H, Zhu C, Huai Q, Xu W, Zhu J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Sun B, Xu H, Zheng M, Li X, Wang H. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified macrophages ameliorate liver fibrosis in preclinical models. J Hepatol 2024; 80:913-927. [PMID: 38340812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Treatments directly targeting fibrosis remain limited. Given the unique intrinsic features of macrophages and their capacity to engraft in the liver, we genetically engineered bone marrow-derived macrophages with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to direct their phagocytic activity against hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in multiple mouse models. This study aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of CAR macrophages (CAR-Ms) in mouse models of fibrosis and cirrhosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS uPAR expression was studied in patients with fibrosis/cirrhosis and in murine models of liver fibrosis, including mice treated with carbon tetrachloride, a 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydrocollidine diet, or a high-fat/cholesterol/fructose diet. The safety and efficacy of CAR-Ms were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of CAR-Ms resulted in a significant reduction in liver fibrosis and the restoration of function in murine models of liver fibrosis. CAR-Ms modulated the hepatic immune microenvironment to recruit and modify the activation of endogenous immune cells to drive fibrosis regression. These CAR-Ms were able to recruit and present antigens to T cells and mount specific antifibrotic T-cell responses to reduce fibroblasts and liver fibrosis in mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings demonstrate the potential of using macrophages as a platform for CAR technology to provide an effective treatment option for liver fibrosis. CAR-Ms might be developed for treatment of patients with liver fibrosis. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Liver fibrosis is an incurable condition that afflicts millions of people globally. Despite the clear clinical need, therapies for liver fibrosis are limited. Our findings provide the first preclinical evidence that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-macrophages (CAR-Ms) targeting uPAR can attenuate liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. We show that macrophages expressing this uPAR CAR exert a direct antifibrotic effect and elicit a specific T-cell response that augments the immune response against liver fibrosis. These findings demonstrate the potential of using CAR-Ms as an effective cell-based therapy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanren Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Huai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiejie Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Honghai Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Minghua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin WP, Li H, Sun ZJ. T cell exhaustion initiates tertiary lymphoid structures and turbocharges cancer-immunity cycle. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105154. [PMID: 38749300 PMCID: PMC11108856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune therapies represented by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have significantly transformed cancer treatment. However, the effectiveness of these treatments depends on the status of T cells. T cell exhaustion, characterized by diminished effector function, increased expression of co-inhibitory receptors, and clonal deletion, emerges as a hypofunctional state resulting from chronic exposure to antigens, posing an obstacle to ICB therapy. Several studies have deeply explored T cell exhaustion, providing innovative insights and correlating T cell exhaustion with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) formation. TLS, lymphocyte aggregates formed in non-lymphoid tissues amid chronic inflammation, serve as pivotal reservoirs for anti-tumour immunity. Here, we underscore the pivotal role of T cell exhaustion as a signalling mechanism in reinvigorating anti-tumour immunity by turbocharging cancer-immunity (CI) cycle, particularly when tumour becomes unmanageable. Building upon this concept, we summarize emerging immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing the response rate to ICB therapy and improving patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luque LM, Carlevaro CM, Rodriguez-Lomba E, Lomba E. In silico study of heterogeneous tumour-derived organoid response to CAR T-cell therapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12307. [PMID: 38811838 PMCID: PMC11137006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising immunotherapy for treating cancers. This method consists in modifying the patients' T-cells to directly target antigen-presenting cancer cells. One of the barriers to the development of this type of therapies, is target antigen heterogeneity. It is thought that intratumour heterogeneity is one of the leading determinants of therapeutic resistance and treatment failure. While understanding antigen heterogeneity is important for effective therapeutics, a good therapy strategy could enhance the therapy efficiency. In this work we introduce an agent-based model (ABM), built upon a previous ABM, to rationalise the outcomes of different CAR T-cells therapies strategies over heterogeneous tumour-derived organoids. We found that one dose of CAR T-cell therapy should be expected to reduce the tumour size as well as its growth rate, however it may not be enough to completely eliminate it. Moreover, the amount of free CAR T-cells (i.e. CAR T-cells that did not kill any cancer cell) increases as we increase the dosage, and so does the risk of side effects. We tested different strategies to enhance smaller dosages, such as enhancing the CAR T-cells long-term persistence and multiple dosing. For both approaches an appropriate dosimetry strategy is necessary to produce "effective yet safe" therapeutic results. Moreover, an interesting emergent phenomenon results from the simulations, namely the formation of a shield-like structure of cells with low antigen expression. This shield turns out to protect cells with high antigen expression. Finally we tested a multi-antigen recognition therapy to overcome antigen escape and heterogeneity. Our studies suggest that larger dosages can completely eliminate the organoid, however the multi-antigen recognition increases the risk of side effects. Therefore, an appropriate small dosages dosimetry strategy is necessary to improve the outcomes. Based on our results, it is clear that a proper therapeutic strategy could enhance the therapies outcomes. In that direction, our computational approach provides a framework to model treatment combinations in different scenarios and to explore the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Melina Luque
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - Carlos Manuel Carlevaro
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Enrique Lomba
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Slade M, Araujo D, Du M, Parikh B, Anderson N, Van Tine BA, Ghobadi A. False-positive human immunodeficiency virus nuclear acid amplification technique testing following therapy with transgenic T cell receptor cellular therapy for synovial sarcoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024:10.1038/s41409-024-02307-1. [PMID: 38760477 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Slade
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Dejka Araujo
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bijal Parikh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Neil Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Armin Ghobadi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gargett T, Truong NTH, Gardam B, Yu W, Ebert LM, Johnson A, Yeo ECF, Wittwer NL, Tapia Rico G, Logan J, Sivaloganathan P, Collis M, Ruszkiewicz A, Brown MP. Safety and biological outcomes following a phase 1 trial of GD2-specific CAR-T cells in patients with GD2-positive metastatic melanoma and other solid cancers. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008659. [PMID: 38754916 PMCID: PMC11097842 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies specific for the CD19 and B-cell maturation antigen have become an approved standard of care worldwide for relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies. If CAR-T cell therapy for non-hematological malignancies is to achieve the same stage of clinical development, then iterative early-phase clinical testing can add value to the clinical development process for evaluating CAR-T cell products containing different CAR designs and manufactured under differing conditions. METHODS We conducted a phase 1 trial of third-generation GD2-specific CAR-T cell therapy, which has previously been tested in neuroblastoma patients. In this study, the GD2-CAR-T therapy was evaluated for the first time in metastatic melanoma patients in combination with BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy, and as a monotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer and a patient with fibromyxoid sarcoma. Feasibility and safety were determined and persistence studies, multiplex cytokine arrays on sera and detailed immune phenotyping of the original CAR-T products, the circulating CAR-T cells, and, in select patients, the tumor-infiltrating CAR-T cells were performed. RESULTS We demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing CAR-T products at point of care for patients with solid cancer and show that a single intravenous infusion was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities or severe adverse events. In addition, we note significant improvements in CAR-T cell immune phenotype, and expansion when a modified manufacturing procedure was adopted for the latter 6 patients recruited to this 12-patient trial. We also show evidence of CAR-T cell-mediated immune activity and in some patients expanded subsets of circulating myeloid cells after CAR-T cell therapy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of third-generation GD2-targeting CAR-T cells in patients with metastatic melanoma and other solid cancers such as colorectal cancer, showing feasibility, safety and immune activity, but limited clinical effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12613000198729.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gargett
- University of South Australia, Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Rundle Mall, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nga T H Truong
- University of South Australia, Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Rundle Mall, South Australia, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bryan Gardam
- University of South Australia, Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Rundle Mall, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wenbo Yu
- University of South Australia, Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Rundle Mall, South Australia, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa M Ebert
- University of South Australia, Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Rundle Mall, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amy Johnson
- Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Erica C F Yeo
- University of South Australia, Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Rundle Mall, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole L Wittwer
- University of South Australia, Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Rundle Mall, South Australia, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Tapia Rico
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jesikah Logan
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Purany Sivaloganathan
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Collis
- Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Ruszkiewicz
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael P Brown
- University of South Australia, Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Rundle Mall, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shaw TI, Wagner J, Tian L, Wickman E, Poudel S, Wang J, Paul R, Koo SC, Lu M, Sheppard H, Fan Y, O'Neill FH, Lau CC, Zhou X, Zhang J, Gottschalk S. Discovery of immunotherapy targets for pediatric solid and brain tumors by exon-level expression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3732. [PMID: 38702309 PMCID: PMC11068777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells for pediatric solid and brain tumors is constrained by available targetable antigens. Cancer-specific exons present a promising reservoir of targets; however, these have not been explored and validated systematically in a pan-cancer fashion. To identify cancer specific exon targets, here we analyze 1532 RNA-seq datasets from 16 types of pediatric solid and brain tumors for comparison with normal tissues using a newly developed workflow. We find 2933 exons in 157 genes encoding proteins of the surfaceome or matrisome with high cancer specificity either at the gene (n = 148) or the alternatively spliced isoform (n = 9) level. Expression of selected alternatively spliced targets, including the EDB domain of fibronectin 1, and gene targets, such as COL11A1, are validated in pediatric patient derived xenograft tumors. We generate T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors specific for the EDB domain or COL11A1 and demonstrate that these have antitumor activity. The full target list, explorable via an interactive web portal ( https://cseminer.stjude.org/ ), provides a rich resource for developing immunotherapy of pediatric solid and brain tumors using gene or AS targets with high expression specificity in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I Shaw
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Liqing Tian
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wickman
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Suresh Poudel
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Robin Paul
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Selene C Koo
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Meifen Lu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Francis H O'Neill
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Ching C Lau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, 06106, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen K, Liu ML, Wang JC, Fang S. CAR-macrophage versus CAR-T for solid tumors: The race between a rising star and a superstar. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:465-476. [PMID: 37877819 PMCID: PMC11088881 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has been demonstrated to be one of the most promising cancer immunotherapy strategies due to its active antitumor capabilities in vivo. Engineering T cells to overexpress chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), for example, has shown potent efficacy in the therapy of some hematologic malignancies. However, the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy against solid tumors is still limited due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors, difficulty in infiltrating tumor sites, lack of tumor-specific antigens, antigen escape, and severe side effects. In contrast, macrophages expressing CARs (CAR-macrophages) have emerged as another promising candidate in immunotherapy, particularly for solid tumors. Now at its nascent stage (with only one clinical trial progressing), CAR-macrophage still shows inspiring potential advantages over CAR-T in treating solid tumors, including more abundant antitumor mechanisms and better infiltration into tumors. In this review, we discuss the relationships and differences between CAR-T and CAR-macrophage therapies in terms of their CAR structures, antitumor mechanisms, challenges faced in treating solid tumors, and insights gleaned from clinical trials and practice for solid tumors. We especially highlight the potential advantages of CAR-macrophage therapy over CAR-T for solid tumors. Understanding these relationships and differences provides new insight into possible optimization strategies of both these two therapies in solid tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min-ling Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-cheng Wang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hadiloo K, Taremi S, Safa SH, Amidifar S, Esmaeilzadeh A. The new era of immunological treatment, last updated and future consideration of CAR T cell-based drugs. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107158. [PMID: 38599467 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is one of the fundamental challenges in clinical setting, especially in relapsed/refractory malignancies. The novel immunotherapy-based treatments bring new hope in cancer therapy and achieve various treatment successes. One of the distinguished ways of cancer immunotherapy is adoptive cell therapy, which utilizes genetically modified immune cells against cancer cells. Between different methods in ACT, the chimeric antigen receptor T cells have more investigation and introduced a promising way to treat cancer patients. This technology progressed until it introduced six US Food and Drug Administration-approved CAR T cell-based drugs. These drugs act against hematological malignancies appropriately and achieve exciting results, so they have been utilized widely in cell therapy clinics. In this review, we introduce all CAR T cells-approved drugs based on their last data and investigate them from all aspects of pharmacology, side effects, and compressional. Also, the efficacy of drugs, pre- and post-treatment steps, and expected side effects are introduced, and the challenges and new solutions in CAR T cell therapy are in the last speech.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Hadiloo
- Department of immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran; School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Siavash Taremi
- Department of immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran; School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Salar Hozhabri Safa
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sima Amidifar
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tapia-Galisteo A, Sánchez-Rodríguez I, Narbona J, Iglesias-Hernández P, Aragón-García S, Jiménez-Reinoso A, Compte M, Khan S, Tsuda T, Chames P, Lacadena J, Álvarez-Vallina L, Sanz L. Combination of T cell-redirecting strategies with a bispecific antibody blocking TGF-β and PD-L1 enhances antitumor responses. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2338558. [PMID: 38623463 PMCID: PMC11018002 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2338558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell-based immunotherapies for solid tumors have not achieved the clinical success observed in hematological malignancies, partially due to the immunosuppressive effect promoted by the tumor microenvironment, where PD-L1 and TGF-β play a pivotal role. However, durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors remain limited to a minority of patients, while TGF-β inhibitors have not reached the market yet. Here, we describe a bispecific antibody for dual blockade of PD-L1 and TFG-β, termed AxF (scFv)2, under the premise that combination with T cell redirecting strategies would improve clinical benefit. The AxF (scFv)2 antibody was well expressed in mammalian and yeast cells, bound both targets and inhibited dose-dependently the corresponding signaling pathways in luminescence-based cellular reporter systems. Moreover, combined treatment with trispecific T-cell engagers (TriTE) or CAR-T cells significantly boosted T cell activation status and cytotoxic response in breast, lung and colorectal (CRC) cancer models. Importantly, the combination of an EpCAMxCD3×EGFR TriTE with the AxF (scFv)2 delayed CRC tumor growth in vivo and significantly enhanced survival compared to monotherapy with the trispecific antibody. In summary, we demonstrated the feasibility of concomitant blockade of PD-L1 and TGF-β by a single molecule, as well as its therapeutic potential in combination with different T cell redirecting agents to overcome tumor microenvironment-mediated immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tapia-Galisteo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Narbona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Iglesias-Hernández
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saray Aragón-García
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shaukat Khan
- Nemours Children’s Health Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Takeshi Tsuda
- Nemours Children’s Health Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Javier Lacadena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee HW, O'Reilly C, Beckett AN, Currier DG, Chen T, DeRenzo C. A high-content screen of FDA approved drugs to enhance CAR T cell function: ingenol-3-angelate improves B7-H3-CAR T cell activity by upregulating B7-H3 on the target cell surface via PKCα activation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:97. [PMID: 38561833 PMCID: PMC10985962 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CAR T cell therapy is a promising approach to improve outcomes and decrease toxicities for patients with cancer. While extraordinary success has been achieved using CAR T cells to treat patients with CD19-positive malignancies, multiple obstacles have so far limited the benefit of CAR T cell therapy for patients with solid tumors. Novel manufacturing and engineering approaches show great promise to enhance CAR T cell function against solid tumors. However, similar to single agent chemotherapy approaches, CAR T cell monotherapy may be unable to achieve high cure rates for patients with difficult to treat solid tumors. Thus, combinatorial drug plus CAR T cell approaches are likely required to achieve widespread clinical success. METHODS We developed a novel, confocal microscopy based, high-content screen to evaluate 1114 FDA approved drugs for the potential to increase expression of the solid tumor antigen B7-H3 on the surface of osteosarcoma cells. Western blot, RT-qPCR, siRNA knockdown and flow cytometry assays were used to validate screening results and identify mechanisms of drug-induced B7-H3 upregulation. Cytokine and cytotoxicity assays were used to determine if drug pre-treatment enhanced B7-H3-CAR T cell effector function. RESULTS Fifty-five drugs were identified to increase B7-H3 expression on the surface of LM7 osteosarcoma cells using a novel high-content, high-throughput screen. One drug, ingenol-3-angelate (I3A), increased B7-H3 expression by up to 100%, and was evaluated in downstream experiments. Validation assays confirmed I3A increased B7-H3 expression in a biphasic dose response and cell dependent fashion. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that I3A increased B7-H3 (CD276) mRNA, total protein, and cell surface expression via protein kinase C alpha activation. Functionally, I3A induced B7-H3 expression enhanced B7-H3-CAR T cell function in cytokine production and cytotoxicity assays. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a novel high-content and high-throughput screen can identify drugs to enhance CAR T cell activity. This and other high-content technologies will pave the way to develop clinical trials implementing rational drug plus CAR T cell combinatorial therapies. Importantly, the technique could also be repurposed for an array of basic and translational research applications where drugs are needed to modulate cell surface protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Won Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Carla O'Reilly
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Alex N Beckett
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Duane G Currier
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu L, Feng Y, Huang Y, Feng J, Hu Y, Huang H. CAR-T Cell Therapy: Advances in Kidney-Related Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 10:143-152. [PMID: 38751795 PMCID: PMC11095583 DOI: 10.1159/000536194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy represents a significant advancement in the field of immunotherapy, providing targeted eradication of abnormal cells through the recognition between CAR and target antigens. This approach has garnered considerable attention due to its promising results in the clinical treatment of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. As the focus shifts toward exploring novel targets and expanding the application of CAR-T cell therapy to solid tumors, including renal malignancies, researchers are pushing the boundaries of this innovative treatment. However, it is crucial to address the observed comorbidities associated with CAR-T cell therapy, particularly nephrotoxicity, due to the superseding release of cytokines and impairment of normal tissue. Summary Our review discusses the research strategies and nephrotoxicity related to CAR-T cell therapy in various kidney-related diseases and provides insights into enhancing investigation and optimization. Key Messages CAR-T cell therapy has captured the attention of researchers and clinicians in the treatment of renal malignancies, multiple myeloma, systemic lupus erythematosus, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which may lead to potential nephrotoxicity as they involve primary or secondary kidney complications. Understanding and summarizing the current research progress of CAR-T cell therapies can provide valuable insights into novel targets and combinations to optimize research models and enhance their clinical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longyuan Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youqin Feng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kembuan GJ, Kim JY, Maus MV, Jan M. Targeting solid tumor antigens with chimeric receptors: cancer biology meets synthetic immunology. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:312-331. [PMID: 38355356 PMCID: PMC11006585 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a medical breakthrough in the treatment of B cell malignancies. There is intensive focus on developing solid tumor-targeted CAR-T cell therapies. Although clinically approved CAR-T cell therapies target B cell lineage antigens, solid tumor targets include neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) with diverse roles in tumor biology. Multiple early-stage clinical trials now report encouraging signs of efficacy for CAR-T cell therapies that target solid tumors. We review the landscape of solid tumor target antigens from the perspective of cancer biology and gene regulation, together with emerging clinical data for CAR-T cells targeting these antigens. We then discuss emerging synthetic biology strategies and their application in the clinical development of novel cellular immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele J Kembuan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Y Kim
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Max Jan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Torres Chavez AG, McKenna MK, Balasubramanian K, Riffle L, Patel NL, Kalen JD, St. Croix B, Leen AM, Bajgain P. A dual-luciferase bioluminescence system for the assessment of cellular therapies. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200763. [PMID: 38596291 PMCID: PMC10869576 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging is a well-established platform for evaluating engineered cell therapies in preclinical studies. However, despite the discovery of new luciferases and substrates, optimal combinations to simultaneously monitor two cell populations remain limited. This makes the functional assessment of cellular therapies cumbersome and expensive, especially in preclinical in vivo models. In this study, we explored the potential of using a green bioluminescence-emitting click beetle luciferase, CBG99, and a red bioluminescence-emitting firefly luciferase mutant, Akaluc, together to simultaneously monitor two cell populations. Using various chimeric antigen receptor T cells and tumor pairings, we demonstrate that these luciferases are suitable for real-time tracking of two cell types using 2D and 3D cultures in vitro and experimental models in vivo. Our data show the broad compatibility of this dual-luciferase (duo-luc) system with multiple bioluminescence detection equipment ranging from benchtop spectrophotometers to live animal imaging systems. Although this study focused on investigating complex CAR T cells and tumor cell interactions, this duo-luc system has potential utility for the simultaneous monitoring of any two cellular components-for example, to unravel the impact of a specific genetic variant on clonal dominance in a mixed population of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary K. McKenna
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Lisa Riffle
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nimit L. Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Joseph D. Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brad St. Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ann M. Leen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pradip Bajgain
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang PF, Xie D. Targeting the gut microbiota to enhance the antitumor efficacy and attenuate the toxicity of CAR-T cell therapy: a new hope? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362133. [PMID: 38558812 PMCID: PMC10978602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cell therapy has achieved tremendous efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and represents a promising treatment regimen for cancer. Despite the striking response in patients with hematologic malignancies, most patients with solid tumors treated with CAR-T cells have a low response rate and experience major adverse effects, which indicates the need for biomarkers that can predict and improve clinical outcomes with future CAR-T cell treatments. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in cancer therapy has been established, and growing evidence has suggested that gut microbiota signatures may be harnessed to personally predict therapeutic response or adverse effects in optimizing CAR-T cell therapy. In this review, we discuss current understanding of CAR-T cell therapy and the gut microbiota, and the interplay between the gut microbiota and CAR-T cell therapy. Above all, we highlight potential strategies and challenges in harnessing the gut microbiota as a predictor and modifier of CAR-T cell therapy efficacy while attenuating toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zhang
- Gastric Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xue Y, Yan X, Li D, Dong S, Ping Y. Proinflammatory polarization of engineered heat-inducible macrophages reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment during cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2270. [PMID: 38491004 PMCID: PMC10943244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The success of macrophage-based adoptive cell therapy is largely constrained by poor polarization from alternatively activated (M2-like) to classically activated (M1-like) phenotype in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we show that the engineered macrophage (eMac) with a heat-inducible genetic switch can induce both self-polarization of adoptively transferred eMac and re-polarization of tumour-associated macrophages in response to mild temperature elevation in a mouse model. The locoregional production of proinflammatory cytokines by eMac in the TME dose not only induces the strong polarization of macrophages into a classically activated phenotype, but also ensures that the side effects typical for systemically administrate proinflammatory cytokines are avoided. We also present a wearable warming device which is adaptable for human patients and can be remotely controlled by a smartphone. In summary, our work represents a safe and efficient adoptive transfer immunotherapy method with potential for human translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xue
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Da Li
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuan Ping
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lan HR, Chen M, Yao SY, Chen JX, Jin KT. Novel immunotherapies for breast cancer: Focus on 2023 findings. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111549. [PMID: 38266449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach in cancer therapy, and recent advancements hold significant promise for breast cancer (BCa) management. Employing the patient's immune system to combat BCa has become a focal point in immunotherapeutic investigations. Strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) have disclosed encouraging clinical outcomes. ICIs, particularly programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors, exhibit efficacy in specific BCa subtypes, including triple-negative BCa (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancers. ACT approaches, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, showed promising clinical outcomes in enhancing tumor recognition and elimination. Targeting the TME through immune agonists and oncolytic viruses signifies a burgeoning field of research. While challenges persist in patient selection, resistance mechanisms, and combination therapy optimization, these novel immunotherapies hold transformative potential for BCa treatment. Continued research and clinical trials are imperative to refine and implement these innovative approaches, paving the way for improved outcomes and revolutionizing the management of BCa. This review provides a concise overview of the latest immunotherapies (2023 studies) in BCa, highlighting their potential and current status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Shi-Ya Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Jun-Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mishra A, Maiti R, Mohan P, Gupta P. Antigen loss following CAR-T cell therapy: Mechanisms, implications, and potential solutions. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:211-222. [PMID: 37705357 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking immunotherapeutic approach for treating various hematological malignancies. CAR-T cells are engineered to express synthetic receptors that target specific antigens on cancer cells, leading to their eradication. While the therapy has shown remarkable efficacy, a significant challenge that has been observed in 30%-70% of patients showing recurrent disease is antigen loss or downregulation. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google scholar for articles on antigen loss/escape following Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in malignancies. Antigen loss refers to the loss or reduction in the expression of the target antigen on cancer cells, rendering CAR-T cells ineffective. This phenomenon poses a significant clinical concern, as it can lead to disease relapse and limited treatment options. This review explores the mechanisms underlying antigen loss following CAR-T cell therapy, its implications on treatment outcomes, and potential strategies to overcome the problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rituparna Maiti
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prafull Mohan
- Clinical Pharmacologist, Armed Forces Medical Services, Guwahati, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee SN, Hoskin V, Laumont CM, Snelling S, Lindo L, Bird L, Samarkina V, Thurston C, Fox G, Ivanco S, Mahoney M, Boudreau JE, Nersesian S. BioCanRx Summit for Cancer Immunotherapy 2022 Proceedings. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:1-8. [PMID: 37870124 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
From 19 to 21 November 2022, BioCanRx held its first post-pandemic in-person Summit for Cancer Immunotherapy in Montreal, Canada. The meeting was well attended by patients, trainees, researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals, who came together to discuss the current state and future of biotherapeutics for cancer in Canada and beyond. Three plenaries, three keynote speakers, a lively debate, and panel discussions, together with poster sessions and a social event, made the event memorable and productive. The current state of cellular therapies, cellular engineering, clinical trials, and the role of the cancer microbiome were discussed in plenary session, and the patient voice was welcomed and present throughout the meeting, in large part due to the Learning Institute, a BioCanRx initiative to include patient partners in research. In this meeting review, we highlight the platform presentations, keynote speakers, debate combatants, panellists, and the patient perspective on the annual meeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Lee
- BioCanRx HQP Summit4CI Working Group, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- BioCanRx Learning Institute, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Victoria Hoskin
- BioCanRx Learning Institute, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Céline M Laumont
- BioCanRx Learning Institute, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon Snelling
- BioCanRx Learning Institute, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Lindo
- BioCanRx Learning Institute, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lou Bird
- BioCanRx Learning Institute, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vera Samarkina
- BioCanRx Learning Institute, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Grace Fox
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Office for Patient Engagement in Research Activities (OPERA), Ottawa Methods Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Ivanco
- BioCanRx HQP Summit4CI Working Group, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- BioCanRx Learning Institute, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Mahoney
- BioCanRx HQP Summit4CI Working Group, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- BioCanRx Learning Institute, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- BioCanRx Scientific Programming Committee, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeanette E Boudreau
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- BioCanRx Scientific Programming Committee, BioCanRx, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sorrieul J, Robert J, Blanchet A, Gouju J, Bienfait F, Hamon SJ, Dupoiron D, Devys C. Physicochemical Stability Study of the Morphine-Bupivacaine-Ziconotide Association. Neuromodulation 2024:S1094-7159(23)01008-5. [PMID: 38300172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical stability of morphine-bupivacaine-ziconotide mixtures used in intrathecal analgesia in polypropylene syringes and intrathecal pumps. MATERIALS AND METHODS The stability study method was conceived according to International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. For propylene syringes, six different mixtures of morphine-bupivacaine and ziconotide were assessed over seven days. Two storage temperatures were tested (5 °C ± 3 °C and 25 °C ± 2 °C). For implantable pumps, nine different mixtures were assessed over 60 days and stored at 37 °C. Assays were performed using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography. Turbidity and pH also were measured throughout the study. RESULTS Results confirmed excellent physicochemical stability for morphine and bupivacaine in the study for all conditions investigated (pumps at 37 °C, polypropylene syringes at 5 °C ± 3 °C and 25 °C ± 2 °C). Concerning ziconotide, after seven days, our study showed that every 95% confidence interval calculated had lower bounds >90% for all mixtures stored in polypropylene syringes. In implantable pumps, a decrease of the concentration was observed in all the mixtures studied. Moreover, the appearance of a degradation product confirmed the ziconotide degradation. CONCLUSION All results are in favor with a physicochemical stable preparation for six mixture profiles when stored in polypropylene syringes at 5 °C ± 3 °C and 25 °C ± 2 °C. For mixtures stored in implantable pumps, the efficacy should decrease over time owing to the degradation of ziconotide. A trade-off between high morphine concentration and increased refill interval will need to be found by clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Sorrieul
- Pharmacy, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France.
| | - Julien Robert
- Pharmacy, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Auriane Blanchet
- Pharmacy, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Julien Gouju
- Pharmacy, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Florent Bienfait
- Anesthesia and Pain Department, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Sabrina Jubier Hamon
- Anesthesia and Pain Department, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Denis Dupoiron
- Anesthesia and Pain Department, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Devys
- Pharmacy, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest Paul Papin, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kiefer A, Prüfer M, Röder J, Pfeifer Serrahima J, Bodden M, Kühnel I, Oberoi P, Wels WS. Dual Targeting of Glioblastoma Cells with Bispecific Killer Cell Engagers Directed to EGFR and ErbB2 (HER2) Facilitates Effective Elimination by NKG2D-CAR-Engineered NK Cells. Cells 2024; 13:246. [PMID: 38334638 PMCID: PMC10854564 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
NKG2D is an activating receptor of natural killer cells that recognizes stress-induced ligands (NKG2DL) expressed by many tumor cells. Nevertheless, NKG2DL downregulation or shedding can still allow cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. Here, we used lentiviral gene transfer to engineer clinically usable NK-92 cells with a chimeric antigen receptor (NKAR) which contains the extracellular domain of NKG2D for target recognition, or an NKAR, together with the IL-15 superagonist RD-IL15, and combined these effector cells with recombinant NKG2D-interacting bispecific engagers that simultaneously recognize the tumor-associated antigens epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or ErbB2 (HER2). Applied individually, in in vitro cell-killing assays, these NKAB-EGFR and NKAB-ErbB2 antibodies specifically redirected NKAR-NK-92 and NKAR_RD-IL15-NK-92 cells to glioblastoma and other cancer cells with elevated EGFR or ErbB2 levels. However, in mixed glioblastoma cell cultures, used as a model for heterogeneous target antigen expression, NKAR-NK cells only lysed the EGFR- or ErbB2-expressing subpopulations in the presence of one of the NKAB molecules. This was circumvented by applying NKAB-EGFR and NKAB-ErbB2 together, resulting in effective antitumor activity similar to that against glioblastoma cells expressing both target antigens. Our results demonstrate that combining NK cells carrying an activating NKAR receptor with bispecific NKAB antibodies allows for flexible targeting, which can enhance tumor-antigen-specific cytotoxicity and prevent immune escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kiefer
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maren Prüfer
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jasmin Röder
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jordi Pfeifer Serrahima
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malena Bodden
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ines Kühnel
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pranav Oberoi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried S. Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, a Partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shaw TI, Wagner J, Tian L, Wickman E, Poudel S, Wang J, Paul R, Koo SC, Lu M, Sheppard H, Fan Y, O’Neil F, Lau CC, Zhou X, Zhang J, Gottschalk S. Discovery of immunotherapy targets for pediatric solid and brain tumors by exon-level expression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3821632. [PMID: 38260279 PMCID: PMC10802740 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3821632/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with CAR T cells for pediatric solid and brain tumors is constrained by available targetable antigens. Cancer-specific exons (CSE) present a promising reservoir of targets; however, these have not been explored and validated systematically in a pan-cancer fashion. To identify CSE targets, we analyzed 1,532 RNA-seq datasets from 16 types of pediatric solid and brain tumors for comparison with normal tissues using a newly developed workflow. We found 2,933 exons in 157 genes encoding proteins of the surfaceome or matrisome with high cancer specificity either at the gene (n=148) or the alternatively spliced (AS) isoform (n=9) level. Expression of selected AS targets, including the EDB domain of FN1 (EDB), and gene targets, such as COL11A1, were validated in pediatric PDX tumors. We generated CAR T cells specific to EDB or COL11A1 and demonstrated that COL11A1-CAR T-cells have potent antitumor activity. The full target list, explorable via an interactive web portal (https://cseminer.stjude.org/), provides a rich resource for developing immunotherapy of pediatric solid and brain tumors using gene or AS targets with high expression specificity in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I Shaw
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Liqing Tian
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wickman
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Suresh Poudel
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robin Paul
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Selene C. Koo
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meifen Lu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Francis O’Neil
- The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ching C. Lau
- The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bardhan M, Dey D, Suresh V, Javed B, Venur VA, Joe N, Kalidindi R, Ozair A, Khan M, Mahtani R, Lo S, Odia Y, Ahluwalia MS. An overview of the therapeutic strategies for neoplastic meningitis due to breast cancer: when and why? Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:77-103. [PMID: 38145503 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2293223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neoplastic meningitis (NM), also known as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, is characterized by the infiltration of tumor cells into the meninges, and poses a significant therapeutic challenge owing to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Breast cancer is a common cause of NM among solid tumors, further highlighting the urgent need to explore effective therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide insights into the evolving landscape of NM therapy in breast cancer by collating existing research, evaluating current treatments, and identifying potential emerging therapeutic options. AREAS COVERED This review explores the clinical features, therapeutic strategies, recent advances, and challenges of managing NM in patients with breast cancer. Its management includes multimodal strategies, including systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and supportive care. This review also emphasizes targeted drug options and optimal drug concentrations, and discusses emerging therapies. Additionally, it highlights the variability in treatment outcomes and the potential of combination regimens to effectively manage NM in breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION Challenges in treating NM include debates over clinical trial end points and the management of adverse effects. Drug resistance and low response rates are significant hurdles, particularly inHER2-negative breast cancer. The development of more precise and cost-effective medications with improved selectivity is crucial. Additionally, global efforts are needed for infrastructure development and cancer control considering the diverse nature of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Bardhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Vinay Suresh
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Binish Javed
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vyshak Alva Venur
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Neha Joe
- St John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Ahmad Ozair
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Reshma Mahtani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yazmin Odia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oh JM, Shen K. Hypoxic 3D Tumor Model for Evaluating of CAR-T Cell Therapy In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2748:119-134. [PMID: 38070112 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3593-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors contain abnormal physical and biochemical barriers that hinder chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. However, there is a lack of understanding on how the solid tumor microenvironment (e.g. hypoxia) modulates CAR-T cell function. Hypoxia is a common feature of many advanced solid tumors that contributes to reprogramming of cancer and T cell metabolism as well as their phenotypes and interactions. To gain insights into the activities of CAR-T cells in solid tumors and to assess the effectiveness of new combination treatments involving CAR-T cells, in vitro models that faithfully reflect CAR-T cell-solid tumor interactions under physiologically relevant tumor microenvironment is needed. Here we demonstrate how to establish a hypoxic 3-dimensional (3-D) tumor model using a cleanroom-free, micromilling-based microdevice and assess the efficacy of the combination treatment with CAR-T cells and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Min Oh
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keyue Shen
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Albelda SM. CAR T cell therapy for patients with solid tumours: key lessons to learn and unlearn. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:47-66. [PMID: 37904019 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been approved for use in patients with B cell malignancies or relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma, yet efficacy against most solid tumours remains elusive. The limited imaging and biopsy data from clinical trials in this setting continues to hinder understanding, necessitating a reliance on imperfect preclinical models. In this Perspective, I re-evaluate current data and suggest potential pathways towards greater success, drawing lessons from the few successful trials testing CAR T cells in patients with solid tumours and the clinical experience with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. The most promising approaches include the use of pluripotent stem cells, co-targeting multiple mechanisms of immune evasion, employing multiple co-stimulatory domains, and CAR ligand-targeting vaccines. An alternative strategy focused on administering multiple doses of short-lived CAR T cells in an attempt to pre-empt exhaustion and maintain a functional effector pool should also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Albelda
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yuan Y, Fan J, Liang D, Wang S, Luo X, Zhu Y, Liu N, Xiang T, Zhao X. Cell surface GRP78-directed CAR-T cells are effective at treating human pancreatic cancer in preclinical models. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101803. [PMID: 37897831 PMCID: PMC10630660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal solid malignancy with limited treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has been successfully applied to treat hematological malignancies, but faces many challenges in solid tumors. One major challenge is the shortage of tumor-selective targets. Cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) is highly expressed on various solid cancer cells including pancreatic cancer, but not normal cells, providing a potential target for CAR-T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer. Here, we demonstrated that csGRP78-directed CAR-T (GRP78-CAR-T) cells effectively killed the human pancreatic cancer cell lines Bxpc-3-luc, Aspc-1-luc and MIA PaCa-2-luc, and pancreatic cancer stem-like cells derived from Aspc-1-luc cells and MIA PaCa-2-luc cells in vitro by a luciferase-based cytotoxicity assay. Importantly, we showed that GRP78-CAR-T cells efficiently homed to and infiltrated Aspc-1-luc cell-derived xenografts and significantly inhibited pancreatic tumor growth in vivo by performing mouse xenograft experiments. Interestingly, we found that gemcitabine treatment increased csGRP78 expression in gemcitabine-resistant MIA PaCa-2-luc cells, and the coapplication of gemcitabine with GRP78-CAR-T cells led to a robust cytotoxic effect on these cells in vitro. Taken together, our study demonstrates that csGRP78-directed CAR-T cells, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, selectively and efficiently target csGRP78-expressing pancreatic cancer cells to suppress pancreatic tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuncang Yuan
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawei Fan
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Development and Application of Human Major Disease Monkey Model Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Hengshu Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Yibin 644600, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abdin SM, Paasch D, Kloos A, Oliveira MC, Jang MS, Ackermann M, Stamopoulou A, Mroch PJ, Falk CS, von Kaisenberg CS, Schambach A, Heuser M, Moritz T, Hansen G, Morgan M, Lachmann N. Scalable generation of functional human iPSC-derived CAR-macrophages that efficiently eradicate CD19-positive leukemia. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007705. [PMID: 38135346 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages have recently become attractive therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy. The potential of macrophages to infiltrate and influence solid malignancies makes them promising targets for the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology to redirect their stage of polarization, thus enhancing their anticancer capacities. Given the emerging interest for CAR-macrophages, generation of such cells so far mainly depends on peripheral blood monocytes, which are isolated from the respective donor prior to genetic manipulation. This procedure is time-intensive and cost-intensive, while, in some cases, insufficient monocyte amounts can be recovered from the donor, thus hampering the broad applicability of this technology. Hence, we demonstrate the generation and effectiveness of CAR-macrophages from various stem cell sources using also modern upscaling technologies for next generation immune cell farming. METHODS Primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells were used to derive anti-CD19 CAR-macrophages. Anticancer activity of the cells was demonstrated in co-culture systems, including primary material from patients with leukemia. Generation of CAR-macrophages was facilitated by bioreactor technologies and single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing was used to characterize in-depth response and behavior of CAR-macrophages. RESULTS Irrespective of the stem-cell source, CAR-macrophages exhibited enhanced and antigen-dependent phagocytosis of CD19+ target cancer cells with increased pro-inflammatory responses. Phagocytic capacity of CAR-macrophages was dependent on target cell CD19 expression levels with superior function of CAR-macrophages against CD19+ cancer cell lines and patient-derived acute lymphocytic leukemia cancer cells. scRNA sequencing revealed CAR-macrophages to be distinct from eGFP control cells after co-culture with target cells, which includes the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways and upregulation of chemokines and cytokines associated with adaptive immune cell recruitment, favoring the repolarization of CAR-macrophages to a pro-inflammatory state. Taken together, the data highlight the unique features of CAR-macrophages in combination with the successful upscaling of the production pipeline using a three-dimensional differentiation protocol and intermediate scale bioreactors. CONCLUSION In summary, our work provides insights into the seminal use and behavior of CAR-macrophages which are derived from various sources of stem cells, while introducing a unique technology for CAR-macrophage manufacturing, all dedicated to the clinical translation of CAR-macrophages within the field of anticancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifaa M Abdin
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Paasch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Kloos
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Carvalho Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mi-Sun Jang
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andriana Stamopoulou
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp J Mroch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Axel Schambach
- Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- RESIST, Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
- RESIST, Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wittling MC, Knochelmann HM, Wyatt MM, Rangel Rivera GO, Cole AC, Lesinski GB, Paulos CM. Distinct host preconditioning regimens differentially impact the antitumor potency of adoptively transferred Th17 cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572179. [PMID: 38187594 PMCID: PMC10769197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Mechanisms by which distinct methods of host preconditioning impact the efficacy of adoptively transferred antitumor T helper cells is unknown. Methods CD4 + T cells with a transgenic TCR that recognize TRP-1 melanoma antigen were polarized to the T helper 17 (Th17) phenotype and then transferred into melanoma-bearing mice preconditioned with either total body irradiation or chemotherapy. Results We found that preconditioning mice with a non-myeloablative dose of total body irradiation (TBI of 5 Gy) was more effective than using an equivalently dosed non-myeloablative chemotherapy (CTX at 200 mg/kg) at augmenting therapeutic activity of anti-tumor TRP-1 Th17 cells. Anti-tumor Th17 cells engrafted better following preconditioning with TBI and regressed large established melanoma in all animals. Conversely, only half of mice survived long-term when preconditioned with CTX and infused with anti-melanoma Th17 cells. IL-17 and IFN-g produced by the infused Th17 cells, were detected in animals given either TBI or CTX preconditioning. Interestingly, inflammatory cytokines (G-CSF, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-5, and KC) were significantly elevated in the serum of mice preconditioned with TBI versus CTX after Th17 therapy. Conclusions Our results indicate, for the first time, that the antitumor response, persistence, and cytokine profiles resulting from Th17 therapy are impacted by the specific regimen of host preconditioning. This work is important for understanding mechanisms that promote long-lived responses by ACT, particularly as CD4 + based T cell therapies are now emerging in the clinic.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hu Y, Liu Y, Zong L, Zhang W, Liu R, Xing Q, Liu Z, Yan Q, Li W, Lei H, Liu X. The multifaceted roles of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in cancer: therapeutic strategies and persisting obstacles. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:836. [PMID: 38104141 PMCID: PMC10725489 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a novel regulated cell death (RCD) mode associated with inflammation and innate immunity. Gasdermin E (GSDME), a crucial component of the gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins, has the ability to convert caspase-3-mediated apoptosis to pyroptosis of cancer cells and activate anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence indicates that GSDME methylation holds tremendous potential as a biomarker for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors. In fact, GSDME-mediated pyroptosis performs a dual role in anti-tumor therapy. On the one side, pyroptotic cell death in tumors caused by GSDME contributes to inflammatory cytokines release, which transform the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) from a 'cold' to a 'hot' state and significantly improve anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, due to GSDME is expressed in nearly all body tissues and immune cells, it can exacerbate chemotherapy toxicity and partially block immune response. How to achieve a balance between the two sides is a crucial research topic. Meanwhile, the potential functions of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) therapy have not yet been fully understood, and how to improve clinical outcomes persists obscure. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest research regarding the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and discuss the role of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in anti-tumor immunity and its potential applications in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Hu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Lijuan Zong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenyou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Renzhu Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Qichang Xing
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Qingzi Yan
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Wencan Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Haibo Lei
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
- Honghao Zhou Research Institute, Xiangtan Center Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rossi M, Steklov M, Huberty F, Nguyen T, Marijsse J, Jacques-Hespel C, Najm P, Lonez C, Breman E. Efficient shRNA-based knockdown of multiple target genes for cell therapy using a chimeric miRNA cluster platform. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102038. [PMID: 37799328 PMCID: PMC10548280 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome engineering technologies are powerful tools in cell-based immunotherapy to optimize or fine-tune cell functionalities. However, their use for multiple gene edits poses relevant biological and technical challenges. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-based cell engineering bypasses these criticalities and represents a valid alternative to CRISPR-based gene editing. Here, we describe a microRNA (miRNA)-based multiplex shRNA platform obtained by combining highly efficient miRNA scaffolds into a chimeric cluster, to deliver up to four shRNA-like sequences. Thanks to its limited size, our cassette could be deployed in a one-step process along with all the CAR components, streamlining the generation of engineered CAR T cells. The plug-and-play design of the shRNA platform allowed us to swap each shRNA-derived guide sequence without affecting the system performance. Appropriately choosing the target sequences, we were able to either achieve a functional KO, or fine-tune the expression levels of the target genes, all without the need for gene editing. Through our strategy we achieved easy, safe, efficient, and tunable modulation of multiple target genes simultaneously. This approach allows for the effective introduction of multiple functionally relevant tweaks in the transcriptome of the engineered cells, which may lead to increased performance in challenging environments, e.g., solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rossi
- Celyad Oncology, 1435 Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | | | | | - Thuy Nguyen
- Celyad Oncology, 1435 Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | | | | | - Paul Najm
- Celyad Oncology, 1435 Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | | | - Eytan Breman
- Celyad Oncology, 1435 Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Talleur AC, Naik S, Gottschalk S. Preventing relapse after CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for pediatric ALL: the role of transplant and enhanced CAR T cells. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2023; 2023:91-96. [PMID: 38066941 PMCID: PMC10727085 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2023000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has become an integral part of our treatment armamentarium for pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, despite initial remission rates of greater than 80%, durable remission occurs in only 40% to 50% of patients. In this review we summarize our current knowledge of the role of consolidative hematopoietic cell transplantation in the management of pediatric patients who achieved a minimal residual disease-negative complete response post CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. In addition, we review approaches to enhance effector function CD19 CAR T cells, focusing on how to improve persistence and prevent the emergence of CD19- B-ALL blasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee C Talleur
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Swati Naik
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Han J, Park JH. Modulation of immune cells with mRNA nanoformulations for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 84:103014. [PMID: 37866058 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The global adaptation of mRNA vaccines to protect against the COVID-19 pandemic was a major interdisciplinary milestone, demonstrating the potential of combining mRNA applications with nanotechnology. This innovative strategy holds great promise as an improved therapeutic modality for cancer immunotherapy, as further development could facilitate targeted mRNA delivery to specific immune cells and enable manipulation of effector functions. Toward this, researchers have made substantial efforts to modulate various immune cell types, including lymphoid organ dendritic cells for cancer vaccines, peripheral blood lymphocytes for in situ T-cell therapy, and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment to restore antitumor functions. Here, we highlight recent advances in mRNA nanoformulations for cancer immunotherapy, emphasizing strategies for target cell engagement in different immunological sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Han
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu X, Zhong Z, Meng F, Zou P, You Y, Li Q, Zhu X. CD26 CAR-T cells have attenuated mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolic profiling. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:709-718. [PMID: 37382435 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2231632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple targets of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) are shared expressed by tumor cells and T cells, these self-antigens may stimulate CAR-T cells continuously during the expansion. Persistent exposure to antigens is considered to cause metabolic reprogramming of T cells and the metabolic profiling is critical in determining the cell fate and effector function of CAR-T cells. However, whether the stimulation of self-antigens during CAR-T cell generation could remodel the metabolic profiling is unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the metabolic characteristics of CD26 CAR-T cells, which expressed CD26 antigens themselves. METHODS The mitochondrial biogenesis of CD26 and CD19 CAR-T cells during expansion was evaluated by the mitochondrial content, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and genes involved in mitochondrial regulation. The metabolic profiling was investigated by the ATP production, mitochondrial quality and the expression of metabolism-related genes. Furthermore, we assessed the phenotypes of CAR-T cells through memory-related markers. RESULTS We reported that CD26 CAR-T cells had elevated mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP production and oxidative phosphorylation at early expansion stage. However, the mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial quality, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic activity were all weakened at later expansion stage. On the contrary, CD19 CAR-T cells did not exhibit such characteristics. CONCLUSION CD26 CAR-T cells showed distinctive metabolic profiling during expansion that was extremely unfavorable to cell persistence and function. These findings may provide new insights for the optimization of CD26 CAR-T cells in terms of metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhaodong Zhong
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fankai Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong You
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hadiloo K, Taremi S, Heidari M, Esmaeilzadeh A. The CAR macrophage cells, a novel generation of chimeric antigen-based approach against solid tumors. Biomark Res 2023; 11:103. [PMID: 38017494 PMCID: PMC10685521 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, adoptive cell therapy has many successes in cancer therapy, and this subject is brilliant in using chimeric antigen receptor T cells. The CAR T cell therapy, with its FDA-approved drugs, could treat several types of hematological malignancies and thus be very attractive for treating solid cancer. Unfortunately, the CAR T cell cannot be very functional in solid cancers due to its unique features. This treatment method has several harmful adverse effects that limit their applications, so novel treatments must use new cells like NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophage cells. Among these cells, the CAR macrophage cells, due to their brilliant innate features, are more attractive for solid tumor therapy and seem to be a better candidate for the prior treatment methods. The CAR macrophage cells have vital roles in the tumor microenvironment and, with their direct effect, can eliminate tumor cells efficiently. In addition, the CAR macrophage cells, due to being a part of the innate immune system, attended the tumor sites. With the high infiltration, their therapy modulations are more effective. This review investigates the last achievements in CAR-macrophage cells and the future of this immunotherapy treatment method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Hadiloo
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Siavash Taremi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Heidari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tang L, Pan S, Wei X, Xu X, Wei Q. Arming CAR-T cells with cytokines and more: Innovations in the fourth-generation CAR-T development. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3146-3162. [PMID: 37803832 PMCID: PMC10638038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy has shown great potential in tumor treatment. However, many factors impair the efficacy of CAR-T therapy, such as antigenic heterogeneity and loss, limited potency and persistence, poor infiltration capacity, and a suppressive tumor microenvironment. To overcome these obstacles, recent studies have reported a new generation of CAR-T cells expressing cytokines called armored CAR-T, TRUCK-T, or the fourth-generation CAR-T. Here we summarize the strategies of arming CAR-T cells with natural or synthetic cytokine signals to enhance their anti-tumor capacity. Moreover, we summarize the advances in CAR-T cells expressing non-cytokine proteins, such as membrane receptors, antibodies, enzymes, co-stimulatory molecules, and transcriptional factors. Furthermore, we discuss several prospective strategies for armored CAR-T therapy development. Altogether, these ideas may provide new insights for the innovations of the next-generation CAR-T therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Sheng Pan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Qiang Wei
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bailey SR, Berger TR, Graham C, Larson RC, Maus MV. Four challenges to CAR T cells breaking the glass ceiling. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250039. [PMID: 36585889 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies using chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T) have had dramatic efficacy in the clinic and can even mediate curative responses in patients with hematologic malignancies. As living drugs, engineered cells can still be detected in some patients even years after the original infusion. The excitement around the cell therapy field continues to expand as recent reports have shown that CAR T cells can induce remission in patients with autoimmune disease. While these promising advances in the field garner hope for wide-spread utility of CAR T therapies across diseases, several roadblocks exist that currently limit the access and efficacy of this therapy in the clinic. Herein, we will discuss four major obstacles that the CAR T field faces, including toxicity, identifying tumor-specific antigens, improving function in solid tumors, and reducing manufacturing complexity and cost. CAR T cells have potential for a multitude of diseases, but these glass ceilings will need to be broken in order to improve clinical responses and make this potentially life-saving therapy accessible to a larger patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie R Bailey
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trisha R Berger
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Graham
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Larson
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Monzo HJ, Kalander K, Hyytiäinen MM, Elbasani E, Wall J, Moyano-Galceran L, Tanjore Ramanathan J, Jukonen J, Laakkonen P, Ristimäki A, Carlson JW, Lehti K, Salehi S, Puolakkainen P, Haglund C, Seppänen H, Leppä S, Ojala PM. Efficacy and Safety of Glycosphingolipid SSEA-4 Targeting CAR-T Cells in an Ovarian Carcinoma Model. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1319-1331. [PMID: 37486980 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapies for solid tumors face critical challenges such as heterogeneous antigen expression. We characterized stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) cell-surface glycolipid as a target for CAR T-cell therapy. SSEA-4 is mainly expressed during embryogenesis but is also found in several cancer types making it an attractive tumor-associated antigen. Anti-SSEA-4 CAR-T cells were generated and assessed preclinically in vitro and in vivo for antitumor response and safety. SSEA-4 CAR-T cells effectively eliminated SSEA-4-positive cells in all the tested cancer cell lines, whereas SSEA-4-negative cells lines were not targeted. In vivo efficacy and safety studies using NSG mice and the high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR4 demonstrated a remarkable and specific antitumor response at all the CAR T-cell doses used. At high T-cell doses, CAR T cell-treated mice showed signs of health deterioration after a follow-up period. However, the severity of toxicity was reduced with a delayed onset when lower CAR T-cell doses were used. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of anti-SSEA-4 CAR T-cell therapy; however, safety strategies, such as dose-limiting and/or equipping CAR-T cells with combinatorial antigen recognition should be implemented for its potential clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hector J Monzo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerttu Kalander
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko M Hyytiäinen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Endrit Elbasani
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Wall
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joonas Jukonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinli, Finland
| | - Joseph W Carlson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pauli Puolakkainen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dunn ZS, Qu Y, MacMullan M, Chen X, Cinay G, Wang P. Secretion of 4-1BB Ligand Crosslinked to PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitor Potentiates Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Solid Tumor Efficacy. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:1145-1161. [PMID: 36851890 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies but has yet to achieve similar success in solid tumors due to a lack of persistence and function in the tumor microenvironment. We previously reported the augmentation of CAR T cell therapy in an engineered solid tumor model through the secretion of anti-PD-1 single-chain fragment variable region (scFv), as shown by enhanced CAR T cell antitumor efficacy, expansion, and vitality. We have since improved the platform to create a superior cellular product-CAR T cells secreting single-chain trimeric 4-1BB ligand fused to anti-PD-1 scFv (αPD1-41BBL). 4-1BB signaling promotes cytotoxic T lymphocyte proliferation and survival but targeting 4-1BB with agonist antibodies in the clinic has been hindered by low antitumor activity and high toxicity. CAR T cells using 4-1BB endodomain for costimulatory signals have demonstrated milder antitumor response and longer persistence compared to CAR T cells costimulated by CD28 endodomain. We have, for the first time, engineered CD28-costimulated CAR T cells to secrete a fusion protein containing the soluble trimeric 4-1BB ligand. In vitro and in vivo, CAR19.αPD1-41BBL T cells exhibited reduced inhibitory receptor upregulation, enhanced persistence and proliferation, and a less differentiated memory status compared to CAR T cells without additional 4-1BB:4-1BBL costimulation. Accordingly, CAR19.αPD1-41BBL T cell-treated mice displayed significantly improved tumor growth control and overall survival. Spurred on by our preclinical success targeting CD19 as a model antigen, we produced mesothelin-targeting CAR T cells and confirmed the enhanced solid tumor efficacy of αPD1-41BBL-secreting CAR T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Dunn
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yun Qu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melanie MacMullan
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xianhui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gunce Cinay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zheng WW, Zhou H, Li P, Ye SG, Abudureheman T, Yang LT, Qing K, Liang AB, Chen KM, Duan CW. Anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody combined with CAR19-T cells for B-cell lymphoma treatment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3739-3753. [PMID: 37707586 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
CD19 CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor-T) cell immunotherapy achieves a remission rate of approximately 70% in recurrent and refractory lymphoma treatment. However, the loss or reduction of CD19 antigen on the surface of lymphoma cells results in the escape of tumor cells from the immune killing of CD19 CAR-T cells (CAR19-T). Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. In this study, an anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody (BV28-OKT3) was constructed and combined with CAR19-T cells for B-cell lymphoma treatment. When the CD19 antigen was lost or reduced, BV28-OKT3 redirected CAR19-T cells to CD79b+ CD19- lymphoma cells; therefore, BV28-OKT3 overcomes the escape of CD79b+ CD19- lymphoma cells by the killing action of CAR19-T cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, BV28-OKT3 triggered the antitumor function of CAR- T cells in the infusion product and boosted the antitumor immune response of bystander T cells, markedly improving the cytotoxicity of CAR19-T cells to lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, BV28-OKT3 elicited the cytotoxicity of donor-derived T cells toward lymphoma cells in vitro, which depended on the presence of tumor cells. Therefore, our findings provide a new clinical treatment strategy for recurrent and refractory B-cell lymphoma by combining CD79b/CD3 BsAb with CAR19-T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shi-Guang Ye
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tuersunayi Abudureheman
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Bin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Kai-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Cai-Wen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health and Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
- Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-Human Primate, National Health Commission, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu F, Jiang D, Xu J, Dai H, Fan Q, Fei Z, Wang B, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Yang Q, Chen Y, Ogunnaike EA, Chu J, Wang C. Engineering of dendritic cell bispecific extracellular vesicles for tumor-targeting immunotherapy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113138. [PMID: 37738123 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the development of therapeutic extracellular vesicles (EVs) for cancer immunotherapy have allowed them to emerge as an alternative to cell therapy. In this proof-of-concept work, we develop bispecific EVs (BsEVs) by genetically engineering EV-producing dendritic cells (DCs) with aCD19 scFv and PD1 for targeting tumor antigens and blocking immune checkpoint proteins simultaneously. We find that these bispecific EVs (EVs-PD1-aCD19) have an impressive ability to accumulate in huCD19-expressing solid tumors following intravenous injection. In addition, EVs-PD1-aCD19 can remarkably reverse the immune landscape of the solid tumor by blocking PD-L1. Furthermore, EVs-PD1-aCD19 can also target tumor-derived EVs in circulation, which prevents the formation of a premetastatic niche in other tissues. Our technology is a demonstration of bispecific EV-based cancer immunotherapy, which may inspire treatments against various types of tumors with different surface antigens and even a patient-tailored therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dongpeng Jiang
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ziying Fei
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qianyu Yang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Edikan A Ogunnaike
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jianhong Chu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nayak V, Patra S, Singh KR, Ganguly B, Kumar DN, Panda D, Maurya GK, Singh J, Majhi S, Sharma R, Pandey SS, Singh RP, Kerry RG. Advancement in precision diagnosis and therapeutic for triple-negative breast cancer: Harnessing diagnostic potential of CRISPR-cas & engineered CAR T-cells mediated therapeutics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116573. [PMID: 37437865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, disrupted regulatory pathways, and the accumulation of genetic mutations. These mutations across different types of cancer lead to disruptions in signaling pathways and alterations in protein expression related to cellular growth and proliferation. This review highlights the AKT signaling cascade and the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) regulating cascade as promising for novel nanotheranostic interventions. Through synergizing state-of-the-art gene editing tools like the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system with nanomaterials and targeting AKT, there is potential to enhance cancer diagnostics significantly. Furthermore, the integration of modified CAR-T cells into multifunctional nanodelivery systems offers a promising approach for targeted cancer inhibition, including the eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Within the context of highly aggressive and metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), this review specifically focuses on devising innovative nanotheranostics. For both pre-clinical and post-clinical TNBC detection, the utilization of the CRISPR-Cas system, guided by RNA (gRNA) and coupled with a fluorescent reporter specifically designed to detect TNBC's mutated sequence, could be promising. Additionally, a cutting-edge approach involving the engineering of TNBC-specific iCAR and syn-Notch CAR T-cells, combined with the co-delivery of a hybrid polymeric nano-liposome encapsulating a conditionally replicative adenoviral vector (CRAdV) against CSCs, could present an intriguing intervention strategy. This review thus paves the way for exciting advancements in the field of nanotheranostics for the treatment of TNBC and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Nayak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease- International Center for Foot and Mouth Disease, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Das Nishant Kumar
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Panda
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanatan Majhi
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam S Pandey
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Rout George Kerry
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Katopodi T, Petanidis S, Anestakis D, Charalampidis C, Chatziprodromidou I, Floros G, Eskitzis P, Zarogoulidis P, Koulouris C, Sevva C, Papadopoulos K, Dagher M, Varsamis N, Theodorou V, Mystakidou CM, Katsios NI, Farmakis K, Kosmidis C. Immunoengineering via Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy: Reprogramming Nanodrug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2458. [PMID: 37896218 PMCID: PMC10610474 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following its therapeutic effect in hematological metastasis, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has gained a great deal of attention during the last years. However, the effectiveness of this treatment has been hampered by a number of challenges, including significant toxicities, difficult access to tumor locations, inadequate therapeutic persistence, and manufacturing problems. Developing novel techniques to produce effective CARs, administer them, and monitor their anti-tumor activity in CAR-T cell treatment is undoubtedly necessary. Exploiting the advantages of nanotechnology may possibly be a useful strategy to increase the efficacy of CAR-T cell treatment. This study outlines the current drawbacks of CAR-T immunotherapy and identifies promising developments and significant benefits of using nanotechnology in order to introduce CAR transgene motifs into primary T cells, promote T cell expansion, enhance T cell trafficking, promote intrinsic T cell activity and rewire the immunosuppressive cellular and vascular microenvironments. Therefore, the development of powerful CART cells can be made possible with genetic and functional alterations supported by nanotechnology. In this review, we discuss the innovative and possible uses of nanotechnology for clinical translation, including the delivery, engineering, execution, and modulation of immune functions to enhance and optimize the anti-tumor efficacy of CAR-T cell treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katopodi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Doxakis Anestakis
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | | | | | - George Floros
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Eskitzis
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece;
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Christina Sevva
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Marios Dagher
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| | | | - Vasiliki Theodorou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Chrysi Maria Mystakidou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.T.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Iason Katsios
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Farmakis
- Pediatric Surgery Clinic, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Gennimatas”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.Z.); (C.K.); (C.S.); (K.P.); (M.D.); (C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nguyen A, Brown D, Krishnan R, Bastin D, Deng L, Chen L, Salem O, Walsh SR, Bramson JL, Wan Y. HDACi-dependent Microenvironmental Normalization Overcomes Tumor Burden-induced T-cell Exhaustion. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4289-4305. [PMID: 37561398 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE T-cell exhaustion limits immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. Although immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) can mediate tumor regression, their potency is often determined by tumor burden. Here, we identified tumor burden-related pathway changes that are conducive to T-cell exhaustion. We then determined whether microenvironmental reprogramming via epigenetic modulation could reverse T-cell exhaustion and improve immunotherapeutic responsiveness. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed a murine syngeneic tumor model wherein an increased burden ablated therapeutic responsiveness to ACT, which corresponded with systemic induction of T-cell exhaustion. Transcriptome analysis of these large tumors allowed us to characterize changes to immunosuppressive pathway expression during class I histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 treatment. We then measured the therapeutic impact of MS-275 during ACT and assessed T-cell exhaustion by transcriptome/phenotypic analysis. RESULTS ACT durably regressed small tumors but failed to control large tumors, which were associated with systemic T-cell exhaustion and ablation of T-cell responses. Large tumors were defined by an immunosuppressive pathway signature. MS-275 reversed this pathway signature and promoted durable regression of large tumors during ACT. Prototypical exhaustion marker Tim-3 was selectively upregulated in transferred T cells despite displaying a reduced exhaustion signature. Instead, we observed enhanced activation-dependent signaling correlating with enrichment of the IL2-STAT5 signaling axis. Activated CD8+ T-cell responses were predominantly skewed toward terminal effector cell-like CD44+ Tim-3hi TCF1- CD127- KLRG1+ differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Tumor burden-induced pathway changes can be reversed through epigenetic reprogramming, enabling the conversion from T-cell exhaustion to effector lineage differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dominique Brown
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ramya Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Donald Bastin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Omar Salem
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Scott R Walsh
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yonghong Wan
- Department of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chockley PJ, Ibanez-Vega J, Krenciute G, Talbot LJ, Gottschalk S. Synapse-tuned CARs enhance immune cell anti-tumor activity. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1434-1445. [PMID: 36732477 PMCID: PMC10394118 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technologies have been clinically implemented for the treatment of hematological malignancies; however, solid tumors remain resilient to CAR therapeutics. Natural killer (NK) cells may provide an optimal class of immune cells for CAR-based approaches due to their inherent anti-tumor functionality. In this study, we sought to tune CAR immune synapses by adding an intracellular scaffolding protein binding site to the CAR. We employ a PDZ binding motif (PDZbm) that enables additional scaffolding crosslinks that enhance synapse formation and NK CAR cell polarization. Combined effects of this CAR design result in increased effector cell functionality in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we used T cells and observed similar global enhancements in effector function. Synapse-tuned CAR immune cells exhibit amplified synaptic strength, number and abundance of secreted cytokines, enhanced killing of tumor cells and prolonged survival in numerous different tumor models, including solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Chockley
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Jorge Ibanez-Vega
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lindsay J Talbot
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li M, Li S, Zhao R, Lv J, Zheng D, Qin L, Li S, Wu Q, Long Y, Tang Z, Tang YL, Yang L, Yao Y, Luo X, Li P. CD318 is a target of chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2409-2419. [PMID: 36495368 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) currently has a poor prognosis with a 6.9-year median survival time; to relieve this malignant cancer, we proposed to establish CRC xenografts that can be used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of adoptive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and accelerate the clinical translation of CAR-T cells for use against CRC. We first verified that CD318 had a higher expression level in primary human CRC tissues than in normal tissues based on hundreds of clinical samples. Then, we redirected CAR-T cells containing anti-CD318 single-chain variable fragment (anti-CD318 scFv), CD3ζ, CD28, and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) domains. Next, we evaluated the function of these CAR-T cells in vitro in terms of surface phenotype changes, cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion when they encountered CD318+ CRC cells. Finally, we established two different xenograft mouse models to assess in vivo antitumor activity. The results showed that CAR318 T cells were significantly activated and exhibited strong cytotoxicity and cytokine-secreting abilities against CRC cells in vitro. Furthermore, CAR318 T cells induced CRC regression in different xenograft mouse models and suppressed tumors compared with CAR19 T cells. In summary, our work demonstrates that CAR318 T cells possess strong antitumor capabilities and represent a promising therapeutic approach for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanglin Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruocong Zhao
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jiang Lv
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Diwei Zheng
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Qin
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiting Wu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youguo Long
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tang
- Guangdong Zhaotai InVivo Biomedicine Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Lai Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern China Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuequn Luo
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peng Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liang Y, Fu YX. LIGHTing CAR T in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2570-2571. [PMID: 37607540 PMCID: PMC10492016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu Y, Xie B, Chen Q. RAS signaling and immune cells: a sinister crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2023; 21:595. [PMID: 37670322 PMCID: PMC10481548 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rat sarcoma virus (RAS) gene is the most commonly mutated oncogene in cancer, with about 19% of cancer patients carrying RAS mutations. Studies on the interaction between RAS mutation and tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) have been flourishing in recent years. More and more evidence has proved that RAS signals regulate immune cells' recruitment, activation, and differentiation while assisting tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. This review concluded the direct and indirect treatment strategies for RAS mutations. In addition, we updated the underlying mechanisms by which RAS signaling modulated immune infiltration and immune escape. Finally, we discussed advances in RAS-targeted immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies, with a particular focus on combination strategies with personalized therapy and great potential to achieve lasting clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|