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Fare CM, Rothstein JD. Nuclear pore dysfunction and disease: a complex opportunity. Nucleus 2024; 15:2314297. [PMID: 38383349 PMCID: PMC10883112 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2314297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The separation of genetic material from bulk cytoplasm has enabled the evolution of increasingly complex organisms, allowing for the development of sophisticated forms of life. However, this complexity has created new categories of dysfunction, including those related to the movement of material between cellular compartments. In eukaryotic cells, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking is a fundamental biological process, and cumulative disruptions to nuclear integrity and nucleocytoplasmic transport are detrimental to cell survival. This is particularly true in post-mitotic neurons, where nuclear pore injury and errors to nucleocytoplasmic trafficking are strongly associated with neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of nuclear pore biology in physiological and pathological contexts and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for addressing nuclear pore injury and dysfunctional nucleocytoplasmic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Fare
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Li M, Xu Z, Xu H, Chen Y, Chen K, Zheng W, Lin W, Liu Z, Lin Z, Zhang M. Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system by AAV as vectors for gene therapy. Gene 2024; 927:148733. [PMID: 38945310 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a defective single-stranded DNA virus with the simplest structure reported to date. It constitutes a capsid protein and single-stranded DNA. With its high transduction efficiency, low immunogenicity, and tissue specificity, it is the most widely used and promising gene therapy vector. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic sequence (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing system is an emerging technology that utilizes cas9 nuclease to specifically recognize and cleave target genes under the guidance of small guide RNA and realizes gene editing through homologous directional repair and non-homologous recombination repair. In recent years, an increasing number of animal experiments and clinical studies have revealed the great potential of AAV as a vector to deliver the CRISPR/cas9 system for treating genetic diseases and viral infections. However, the immunogenicity, toxicity, low transmission efficiency in brain and ear tissues, packaging size limitations of AAV, and immunogenicity and off-target effects of Cas9 protein pose several clinical challenges. This research reviews the role, challenges, and countermeasures of the AAV-CRISPR/cas9 system in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mopu Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zidi Xu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Xu
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kepei Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihong Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhao R, Han F, Yu Q, Zhu Z, Tu Z, Xia T, Li B. A multifunctional scaffold that promotes the scaffold-tissue interface integration and rescues the ROS microenvironment for repair of annulus fibrosus defects. Bioact Mater 2024; 41:257-270. [PMID: 39149595 PMCID: PMC11325007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited self-repair ability of the annulus fibrosus (AF), current tissue engineering strategies tend to use structurally biomimetic scaffolds for AF defect repair. However, the poor integration between implanted scaffolds and tissue severely affects their therapeutic effects. To solve this issue, we prepared a multifunctional scaffold containing loaded lysyl oxidase (LOX) plasmid DNA exosomes and manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs). LOX facilitates extracellular matrix (ECM) cross-linking, while MnO2 NPs inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced ECM degradation at the injury site, enhancing the crosslinking effect of LOX. Our results revealed that this multifunctional scaffold significantly facilitated the integration between the scaffold and AF tissue. Cells were able to migrate into the scaffold, indicating that the scaffold was not encapsulated as a foreign body by fibrous tissue. The functional scaffold was closely integrated with the tissue, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties, and preventing vascular invasion, which emphasized the importance of scaffold-tissue integration in AF repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhao
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- Center of Translational Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215028, China
| | - Feng Han
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Qifan Yu
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Zhuang Zhu
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Zhengdong Tu
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- Second Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Suzhou, 215127, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
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Liu F, Li R, Zhu Z, Yang Y, Lu F. Current developments of gene therapy in human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e645. [PMID: 39156766 PMCID: PMC11329757 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has witnessed substantial advancements in recent years, becoming a constructive tactic for treating various human diseases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of these developments, with a focus on their diverse applications in different disease contexts. It explores the evolution of gene delivery systems, encompassing viral (like adeno-associated virus; AAV) and nonviral approaches, and evaluates their inherent strengths and limitations. Moreover, the review delves into the progress made in targeting specific tissues and cell types, spanning the eye, liver, muscles, and central nervous system, among others, using these gene technologies. This targeted approach is crucial in addressing a broad spectrum of genetic disorders, such as inherited lysosomal storage diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent clinical trials and successful outcomes in gene therapy, particularly those involving AAV and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated proteins, are highlighted, illuminating the transformative potentials of this approach in disease treatment. The review summarizes the current status of gene therapy, its prospects, and its capacity to significantly ameliorate patient outcomes and quality of life. By offering comprehensive analysis, this review provides invaluable insights for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders, enriching the ongoing discourse on the trajectory of disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfei Liu
- Department of OphthalmologyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ruiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zilin Zhu
- College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of OphthalmologyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of OphthalmologyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
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Beaudin M, Dupre N, Manto M. The importance of synthetic pharmacotherapy for recessive cerebellar ataxias. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:897-912. [PMID: 38980086 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2376840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The last decade has witnessed major breakthroughs in identifying novel genetic causes of hereditary ataxias, deepening our understanding of disease mechanisms, and developing therapies for these debilitating disorders. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the currently approved and most promising candidate pharmacotherapies in relation to the known disease mechanisms of the most prevalent autosomal recessive ataxias. Omaveloxolone is an Nrf2 activator that increases antioxidant defense and was recently approved for treatment of Friedreich ataxia. Its therapeutic effect is modest, and further research is needed to find synergistic treatments that would halt or reverse disease progression. Promising approaches include upregulation of frataxin expression by epigenetic mechanisms, direct protein replacement, and gene replacement therapy. For ataxia-telangiectasia, promising approaches include splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. Rare recessive ataxias for which disease-modifying therapies exist are also reviewed, emphasizing recently approved therapies. Evidence supporting the use of riluzole and acetyl-leucine in recessive ataxias is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Advances in genetic therapies for other neurogenetic conditions have paved the way to implement feasible approaches with potential dramatic benefits. Particularly, as we develop effective treatments for these conditions, we may need to combine therapies, consider newborn testing for pre-symptomatic treatment, and optimize non-pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beaudin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Dupre
- Neuroscience axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Manto
- Service des Neurosciences, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgique
- Unité des Ataxies Cérébelleuses, Service de Neurologie, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgique
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Kachanov A, Kostyusheva A, Brezgin S, Karandashov I, Ponomareva N, Tikhonov A, Lukashev A, Pokrovsky V, Zamyatnin AA, Parodi A, Chulanov V, Kostyushev D. The menace of severe adverse events and deaths associated with viral gene therapy and its potential solution. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2112-2193. [PMID: 38549260 DOI: 10.1002/med.22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, in vivo gene replacement therapy has significantly advanced, resulting in market approval of numerous therapeutics predominantly relying on adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV). While viral vectors have undeniably addressed several critical healthcare challenges, their clinical application has unveiled a range of limitations and safety concerns. This review highlights the emerging challenges in the field of gene therapy. At first, we discuss both the role of biological barriers in viral gene therapy with a focus on AAVs, and review current landscape of in vivo human gene therapy. We delineate advantages and disadvantages of AAVs as gene delivery vehicles, mostly from the safety perspective (hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, inflammatory responses etc.), and outline the mechanisms of adverse events in response to AAV. Contribution of every aspect of AAV vectors (genomic structure, capsid proteins) and host responses to injected AAV is considered and substantiated by basic, translational and clinical studies. The updated evaluation of recent AAV clinical trials and current medical experience clearly shows the risks of AAVs that sometimes overshadow the hopes for curing a hereditary disease. At last, a set of established and new molecular and nanotechnology tools and approaches are provided as potential solutions for mitigating or eliminating side effects. The increasing number of severe adverse reactions and, sadly deaths, demands decisive actions to resolve the issue of immune responses and extremely high doses of viral vectors used for gene therapy. In response to these challenges, various strategies are under development, including approaches aimed at augmenting characteristics of viral vectors and others focused on creating secure and efficacious non-viral vectors. This comprehensive review offers an overarching perspective on the present state of gene therapy utilizing both viral and non-viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom Kachanov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Ivan Karandashov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Andrey Tikhonov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Biochemical Fundamentals of Pharmacology and Cancer Models, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University, Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Research, Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Biotechnology, Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Excoffon KJ, Smith MD, Falese L, Schulingkamp R, Lin S, Mahankali M, Narayan PK, Glatfelter M, Limberis MP, Yuen E, Kolbeck R. Inhalation of SP-101 followed by inhaled doxorubicin results in robust and durable hCFTRΔR transgene expression in the airways of wild-type and cystic fibrosis ferrets. Hum Gene Ther 2024. [PMID: 39155828 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2024.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a serious genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Approved small molecule therapies benefit the majority of people with CF (pwCF), but unfortunately not all. Gene addition offers a mutation agnostic treatment option for all pwCF. SP-101 is an adeno-associated virus gene therapy vector (AAV2.5T) that has been optimized for efficient human airway cell transduction, and that contains a functional and regulated shortened human CFTR minigene (hCFTRΔR) with a small synthetic promoter/enhancer. To understand SP-101 airway distribution, activity, and the associated immune response, in vivo studies were performed in wild-type and CF ferrets. After single dose inhaled delivery of SP-101, followed by single dose inhaled doxorubicin (an AAV transduction augmenter) or saline, SP-101 vector genomes were detected throughout the respiratory tract. hCFTRΔR mRNA expression was highest in ferrets also receiving doxorubicin and persisted for the duration of the study (13 weeks). Pre-existing mucus in the CF ferrets did not present a barrier to effective transduction. Binding and neutralizing antibodies to the AAV2.5T capsid were observed regardless of doxorubicin exposure. Only a portion of ferrets exhibited a weak T-cell response to AAV2.5T and no T-cell response was seen against hCFTRΔR. These data strongly support the continued development of inhaled SP-101, followed by inhaled doxorubicin, for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D Smith
- Spirovant Sciences Inc, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Lillian Falese
- Spirovant Sciences Inc, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | | | - Shen Lin
- Spirovant Sciences Inc, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Madhu Mahankali
- Spirovant Sciences Inc, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | | | | | - Maria P Limberis
- Spirovant Sciences, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Eric Yuen
- Spirovant Sciences Inc, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Spirovant Sciences Inc, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
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Eisel MLS, Burns M, Ashizawa T, Byrne B, Corti M, Subramony SH. Emerging therapies in hereditary ataxias. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00194-1. [PMID: 39153956 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent investigations have defined the pathophysiological basis of many hereditary ataxias (HAs), including loss-of-function as well as gain-of-function mechanisms at either the RNA or protein level. Preclinical studies have assessed gene editing, gene and protein replacement, gene enhancement, and gene knockdown strategies. Methodologies include viral vector delivery of genes, oligonucleotide therapies, cell-penetrating peptides, synthetic transcription factors, and technologies to deliver therapies to defined targets. In this review, we focus on Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) and the polyglutamine ataxias in which translational research is active. However, much remains to be done to identify safe and effective molecules, create ideal delivery methods, and perform innovative clinical trials to prove the safety and efficacy of treatments for these rare but devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory L S Eisel
- Department of Neurology and the Fixel Institute for Neurological Disorders, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matthew Burns
- Department of Neurology and the Fixel Institute for Neurological Disorders, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine at Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics and the Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Manuela Corti
- Department of Pediatrics and the Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sub H Subramony
- Department of Neurology and the Fixel Institute for Neurological Disorders, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Goraltchouk A, Lourie J, Hollander JM, Grace Rosen H, Fujishiro AA, Luppino F, Zou K, Seregin A. Development and characterization of a first-in-class adjustable-dose gene therapy system. Gene 2024; 919:148500. [PMID: 38663689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant potential, gene therapy has been relegated to the treatment of rare diseases, due in part to an inability to adjust dosage following initial administration. Other significant constraints include cost, specificity, antigenicity, and systemic toxicity of current generation technologies. To overcome these challenges, we developed a first-in-class adjustable-dose gene therapy system, with optimized biocompatibility, localization, durability, and cost. METHODS A lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system was developed and characterized by dynamic light scattering for size, zeta potential, and polydispersity. Cytocompatibility and transfection efficiency were optimized in vitro using primary human adipocytes and preadipocytes. Durability, immunogenicity, and adjustment of expression were evaluated in C57BL/6 and B6 albino mice using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Biodistribution was assessed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry; therapeutic protein expression was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Following LNP optimization, in vitro transfection efficiency of primary human adipocytes reached 81.3 % ± 8.3 % without compromising cytocompatibility. Critical physico-chemical properties of the system (size, zeta potential, polydispersity) remained stable over a broad range of genetic cassette sizes (1,871-6,203 bp). Durable expression was observed in vivo over 6 months, localizing to subcutaneous adipose tissues at the injection site with no detectable transgene in the liver, heart, spleen, or kidney. Gene expression was adjustable using several physical and pharmacological approaches, including cryolipolysis, focused ultrasound, and pharmacologically inducible apoptosis. The ability of transfected adipocytes to express therapeutic transgenes ranging from peptides to antibodies, at potentially clinically relevant levels, was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION We report the development of a novel, low-cost therapeutic platform, designed to enable the replacement of subcutaneously administered protein treatments with a single-injection, adjustable-dose gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Goraltchouk
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - Jared Lourie
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Judith M Hollander
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - H Grace Rosen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Atsutaro A Fujishiro
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Francesco Luppino
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America
| | - Kai Zou
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, United States of America
| | - Alexey Seregin
- Remedium Bio, Inc. 1116 Great Plain Ave, Suite 203, Needham, MA 02492, United States of America.
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Su Y, Chen M, Xu W, Gu P, Fan X. Advances in Extracellular-Vesicles-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Ocular Diseases. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39141830 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles of various sizes that can be secreted by most cells. EVs contain a diverse array of cargo, including RNAs, lipids, proteins, and other molecules with functions of intercellular communication, immune modulation, and regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The biofluids in the eye, including tears, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor, are important sources for EV-based diagnosis of ocular disease. Because the molecular cargos may reflect the biology of their parental cells, EVs in these biofluids, as well as in the blood, have been recognized as promising candidates as biomarkers for early diagnosis of ocular disease. Moreover, EVs have also been used as therapeutics and targeted drug delivery nanocarriers in many ocular disorders because of their low immunogenicity and superior biocompatibility in nature. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the field of EV-based studies on the diagnosis and therapeutics of ocular disease. We summarized the origins of EVs applied in ocular disease, assessed different methods for EV isolation from ocular biofluid samples, highlighted bioengineering strategies of EVs as drug delivery systems, introduced the latest applications in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular disease, and presented their potential in the current clinical trials. Finally, we briefly discussed the challenges of EV-based studies in ocular disease and some issues of concern for better focusing on clinical translational studies of EVs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Moxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
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11
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Ke X, Xie Q, Luo S, Li Q, Zheng Q, Zhang Z. Intra-Articular Delivery of an AAV-Anti-TNF-α Vector Alleviates the Progress of Arthritis in a RA Mouse Model. Hum Gene Ther 2024. [PMID: 39046109 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2024.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease marked by joint destruction and functional impairment. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a critical role in RA pathogenesis. Although TNF-targeting drugs are clinically effective, their need for frequent and long-term administration often results in poor patient adherence and suboptimal outcomes. This study developed a gene therapy approach using engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to deliver an anti-TNF agent directly into the joint cavity of RA animal models. Animals receiving this therapy demonstrated sustained improvement in clinical scores, inflammatory markers, and joint tissue health. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that AAV vectors could transduce various cell types, including T cells, type A synoviocytes, and dendritic cells. Our results indicate that a single administration of this gene therapy provided long-term efficacy. This suggests that AAV-mediated anti-TNF gene therapy can offer prolonged relief from clinical symptoms and reduce inflammatory damage in a mouse model of RA. This innovative approach presents a promising new therapy with significant clinical prospects to treat patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ke
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Tonetto E, Cucci A, Follenzi A, Bernardi F, Pinotti M, Balestra D. DNA base editing corrects common hemophilia A mutations and restores factor VIII expression in in vitro and ex vivo models. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:2171-2183. [PMID: 38718928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replacement and nonreplacement therapies effectively control bleeding in hemophilia A (HA) but imply lifelong interventions. Authorized gene addition therapy could provide a cure but still poses questions on durability. FVIIIgene correction would definitively restore factor (F)VIII production, as shown in animal models through nuclease-mediated homologous recombination (HR). However, low efficiency and potential off-target double-strand break still limit HR translatability. OBJECTIVES To correct common model single point mutations leading to severe HA through the recently developed double-strand break/HR-independent base editing (BE) and prime editing (PE) approaches. METHODS Screening for efficacy of BE/PE systems in HEK293T cells transiently expressing FVIII variants and validation at DNA (sequencing) and protein (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; activated partial thromboplastin time) level in stable clones. Evaluation of rescue in engineered blood outgrowth endothelial cells by lentiviral-mediated delivery of BE. RESULTS Transient assays identified the best-performing BE/PE systems for each variant, with the highest rescue of FVIII expression (up to 25% of wild-type recombinant FVIII) for the p.R2166∗ and p.R2228Q mutations. In stable clones, we demonstrated that the mutation reversion on DNA (∼24%) was consistent with the rescue of FVIII secretion and activity of 20% to 30%. The lentiviral-mediated delivery of the selected BE systems was attempted in engineered blood outgrowth endothelial cells harboring the p.R2166∗ and p.R2228Q variants, which led to an appreciable and dose-dependent rescue of secreted functional FVIII. CONCLUSION Overall data provide the first proof-of-concept for effective BE/PE-mediated correction of HA-causing mutations, which encourage studies in mouse models to develop a personalized cure for large cohorts of patients through a single intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tonetto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Cucci
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirko Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Dario Balestra
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Zhang J, Sun X, Heng Y, Zeng Y, Wang Y, Shen Y, Peng A, Tang W, Zeng M, Yu Z. Transforming Cell-Drug Interaction through Granular Hydrogel-Mediated Delivery of Polyplex Nanoparticles for Enhanced Safety and Extended Efficacy in Gene Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39784-39795. [PMID: 39036892 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of hydrogels for DNA/cationic polymer polyplex nanoparticle (polyplex) delivery has significantly advanced gene therapy in tissue regeneration and cancer treatment. However, persistent challenges related to the efficacy and safety of encapsulated polyplexes, stemming from issues such as aggregation, degradation, or difficulties in controlled release during or postintegration with hydrogel scaffolds, necessitate further exploration. Here, we introduce an injectable gene therapy gel achieved by incorporating concentrated polyplexes onto densely packed hydrogel microparticles (HMPs). Polyplexes, when uniformly adhered to the gene therapy gel through reversible electrostatic interactions, can detach from the HMP surface in a controlled manner, contrasting with free polyplexes, and thereby reducing dose-dependent toxicity during transfection. Additionally, the integration of RGD cell adhesion peptides enhances the scaffolding characteristics of the gel, facilitating cell adhesion, migration, and further minimizing toxicity during gene drug administration. Notably, despite the overall transfection efficiency showing average performance, utilizing confocal microscopy to meticulously observe and analyze the cellular states infiltrating into various depths of the gene therapy gel resulted in the groundbreaking discovery of significantly enhanced local transfection efficiency, with primary cell transfection approaching 80%. This phenomenon could be potentially attributed to the granular hydrogel-mediated delivery of polyplex nanoparticles, which revolutionizes the spatial and temporal distribution and thus the "encounter" mode between polyplexes and cells. Moreover, the gene therapy gel's intrinsic injectability and self-healing properties offer ease of administration, making it a highly promising candidate as a novel gene transfection gel dressing with significant potential across various fields, including regenerative medicine and innovative living materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ximeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yongyuan Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Anhui Peng
- Electric Power Branch, Huaibei Mining Co., Ltd, Huaibei 235000, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Tang
- Electric Power Branch, Huaibei Mining Co., Ltd, Huaibei 235000, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, P. R. China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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14
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Hatanaka F, Suzuki K, Shojima K, Yu J, Takahashi Y, Sakamoto A, Prieto J, Shokhirev M, Nuñez Delicado E, Rodriguez Esteban C, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Therapeutic strategy for spinal muscular atrophy by combining gene supplementation and genome editing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6191. [PMID: 39048567 PMCID: PMC11269569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Defect in the SMN1 gene causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which shows loss of motor neurons, muscle weakness and atrophy. While current treatment strategies, including small molecules or viral vectors, have shown promise in improving motor function and survival, achieving a definitive and long-term correction of SMA's endogenous mutations and phenotypes remains highly challenging. We have previously developed a CRISPR-Cas9 based homology-independent targeted integration (HITI) strategy, enabling unidirectional DNA knock-in in both dividing and non-dividing cells in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated its utility by correcting an SMA mutation in mice. When combined with Smn1 cDNA supplementation, it exhibited long-term therapeutic benefits in SMA mice. Our observations may provide new avenues for the long-term and efficient treatment of inherited diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Hatanaka
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Altos Labs, Inc., 5510 Morehouse Dr., Ste. 300, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kensaku Shojima
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University School of Medicine, Hyogo, 663-8131, Japan
| | - Jingting Yu
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Altos Labs, Inc., 5510 Morehouse Dr., Ste. 300, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Akihisa Sakamoto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Javier Prieto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maxim Shokhirev
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Estrella Nuñez Delicado
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, 30107, Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Altos Labs, Inc., 5510 Morehouse Dr., Ste. 300, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Altos Labs, Inc., 5510 Morehouse Dr., Ste. 300, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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15
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Luo NS, Cai YX, Han ZP, Sui XK, Yuan WJ, Zhang ZL, Guo HD, Wang J, Lin KZ, Xu FQ. Engineered AAV13 variants with enhanced transduction and confined spread. Zool Res 2024; 45:781-790. [PMID: 38894521 PMCID: PMC11298675 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise targeting of specific regions within the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for both scientific research and gene therapy in the context of brain diseases. Adeno-associated virus 13 (AAV13) is known for its restricted diffusion range within the CNS, making it an ideal choice for precise labeling and administration within small brain regions. However, AAV13 mediates relatively low expression of target genes. Here, we introduced specifically engineered modifications to the AAV13 capsid protein to enhance its transduction efficiency. We first constructed AAV13-YF by mutating tyrosine to phenylalanine on the surface of the AAV13 capsid. We then inserted the 7m8 peptide, known to enhance cell transduction, into positions 587/588 and 585/586 of the AAV13 capsid, resulting in two distinct variants named AAV13-587-7m8 and AAV13-585-7m8, respectively. We found that AAV13-YF exhibited superior in vitro infectivity in HEK293T cells compared to AAV13, while AAV13-587-7m8 and AAV13-585-7m8 showed enhanced CNS infection capabilities in C57BL/6 mice, with AAV13-587-7m8 infection retaining a limited spread range. These modified AAV13 variants hold promising potential for applications in gene therapy and neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Song Luo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Cai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zeng-Peng Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Kai Sui
- Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wen-Jia Yuan
- Brain Case Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Zi-Lian Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hao-Dong Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun-Zhang Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China. E-mail:
| | - Fu-Qiang Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. E-mail:
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16
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Roy AJ, Leipprandt JR, Patterson JR, Stoll AC, Kemp CJ, Oula ZTD, Mola T, Batista AR, Sortwell CE, Sena-Esteves M, Neubig RR. AAV9-Mediated Intrastriatal Delivery of GNAO1 Reduces Hyperlocomotion in Gnao1 Heterozygous R209H Mutant Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 390:250-259. [PMID: 38866563 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.124.002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GNAO1 gene, which encodes the abundant brain G-protein Gα o, result in neurologic disorders characterized by developmental delay, epilepsy, and movement abnormalities. There are over 50 mutant alleles associated with GNAO1 disorders; the R209H mutation results in dystonia, choreoathetosis, and developmental delay without seizures. Mice heterozygous for the human mutant allele (Gnao1 +/R209H) exhibit hyperactivity in open field tests but no seizures. We developed self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (scAAV9) vectors expressing two splice variants of human GNAO1 Gα o isoforms 1 (GoA, GNAO1.1) and 2 (GoB, GNAO1.2). Bilateral intrastriatal injections of either scAAV9-GNAO1.1 or scAAV9-GNAO1.2 significantly reversed mutation-associated hyperactivity in open field tests. GNAO1 overexpression did not increase seizure susceptibility, a potential side effect of GNAO1 vector treatment. This represents the first report of successful preclinical gene therapy for GNAO1 encephalopathy applied in vivo. Further studies are needed to uncover the molecular mechanism that results in behavior improvements after scAAV9-mediated Gα o expression and to refine the vector design. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: GNAO1 mutations cause a spectrum of developmental, epilepsy, and movement disorders. Here we show that intrastriatal delivery of scAAV9-GNAO1 to express the wild-type Gα o protein reduces the hyperactivity of the Gnao1 +/R209H mouse model, which carries one of the most common movement disorder-associated mutations. This is the first report of a gene therapy for GNAO1 encephalopathy applied in vivo on a patient-allele model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey R Leipprandt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Anna C Stoll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Zaipo-Tcheisian D Oula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler Mola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Ana R Batista
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.J.R., J.R.L., R.R.N.), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (A.J.R.), and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Translational Neuroscience (J.R.P., A.C.S., C.J.K., C.E.S.), Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, Michigan (C.E.S.); and Horae Gene Therapy Center and The Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.) and Department of Neurology (Z.-T.D.O., T.M., A.R.B., M.S.-E.), UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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17
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Esposito F, Dell'Aquila F, Rhiel M, Auricchio S, Chmielewski KO, Andrieux G, Ferla R, Horrach PS, Padmanabhan A, Di Cunto R, Notaro S, Santeularia ML, Boerries M, Dell'Anno M, Nusco E, Padula A, Nutarelli S, Cornu TI, Sorrentino NC, Piccolo P, Trapani I, Cathomen T, Auricchio A. Safe and effective liver-directed AAV-mediated homology-independent targeted integration in mouse models of inherited diseases. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101619. [PMID: 38897206 PMCID: PMC11293346 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Liver-directed adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated homology-independent targeted integration (AAV-HITI) by CRISPR-Cas9 at the highly transcribed albumin locus is under investigation to provide sustained transgene expression following neonatal treatment. We show that targeting the 3' end of the albumin locus results in productive integration in about 15% of mouse hepatocytes achieving therapeutic levels of systemic proteins in two mouse models of inherited diseases. We demonstrate that full-length HITI donor DNA is preferentially integrated upon nuclease cleavage and that, despite partial AAV genome integrations in the target locus, no gross chromosomal rearrangements or insertions/deletions at off-target sites are found. In line with this, no evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is observed within the 1-year follow-up. Finally, AAV-HITI is effective at vector doses considered safe if directly translated to humans providing therapeutic efficacy in the adult liver in addition to newborn. Overall, our data support the development of this liver-directed AAV-based knockin strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Esposito
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Dell'Aquila
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Rhiel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Kay Ole Chmielewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; PhD Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rita Ferla
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Arjun Padmanabhan
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Cunto
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Simone Notaro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Agnese Padula
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sofia Nutarelli
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Tatjana I Cornu
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolina Cristina Sorrentino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Piccolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ivana Trapani
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy; Gene Therapy Joint lab, Dept. of Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Dept. of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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18
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Lungu CN, Mangalagiu II, Gurau G, Mehedinti MC. Variations of VEGFR2 Chemical Space: Stimulator and Inhibitory Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7787. [PMID: 39063029 PMCID: PMC11276785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The kinase pathway plays a crucial role in blood vessel function. Particular attention is paid to VEGFR type 2 angiogenesis and vascular morphogenesis as the tyrosine kinase pathway is preferentially activated. In silico studies were performed on several peptides that affect VEGFR2 in both stimulating and inhibitory ways. This investigation aims to examine the molecular properties of VEGFR2, a molecule primarily involved in the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. These relationships were defined by the interactions between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and the structural features of the systems. The chemical space of the inhibitory peptides and stimulators was described using topological and energetic properties. Furthermore, chimeric models of stimulating and inhibitory proteins (for VEGFR2) were computed using the protein system structures. The interaction between the chimeric proteins and VEGFR was computed. The chemical space was further characterized using complex manifolds and high-dimensional data visualization. The results show that a slightly similar chemical area is shared by VEGFR2 and stimulating and inhibitory proteins. On the other hand, the stimulator peptides and the inhibitors have distinct chemical spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu N. Lungu
- Department of Functional and Morphological Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (G.G.); (M.C.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Gurau
- Department of Functional and Morphological Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (G.G.); (M.C.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Cezarina Mehedinti
- Department of Functional and Morphological Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University, 800010 Galati, Romania; (G.G.); (M.C.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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19
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Zhao F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Hu J, Li C, Liu S, Li R, Du R. In vivo Fate of Targeted Drug Delivery Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6895-6929. [PMID: 39005963 PMCID: PMC11246094 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s465959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically investigate the intracellular and subcellular fate of various types of targeting carriers. Upon entering the body via intravenous injection or other routes, a targeting carrier that can deliver therapeutic agents initiates their journey. If administered intravenously, the carrier initially faces challenges presented by the blood circulation before reaching specific tissues and interacting with cells within the tissue. At the subcellular level, the car2rier undergoes processes, such as drug release, degradation, and metabolism, through specific pathways. While studies on the fate of 13 types of carriers have been relatively conclusive, these studies are incomplete and lack a comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, there are still carriers whose fate remains unclear, underscoring the need for continuous research. This study highlights the importance of comprehending the in vivo and intracellular fate of targeting carriers and provides valuable insights into the operational mechanisms of different carriers within the body. By doing so, researchers can effectively select appropriate carriers and enhance the successful clinical translation of new formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinru Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofei Du
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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20
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van de Vlekkert D, Hu H, Weesner JA, Fremuth LE, Brown SA, Lu M, Gomero E, Campos Y, Sheppard H, d'Azzo A. AAV-mediated gene therapy for sialidosis. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2094-2112. [PMID: 38796704 PMCID: PMC11287007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialidosis (mucolipidosis I) is a glycoprotein storage disease, clinically characterized by a spectrum of systemic and neurological phenotypes. The primary cause of the disease is deficiency of the lysosomal sialidase NEU1, resulting in accumulation of sialylated glycoproteins/oligosaccharides in tissues and body fluids. Neu1-/- mice recapitulate the severe, early-onset forms of the disease, affecting visceral organs, muscles, and the nervous system, with widespread lysosomal vacuolization evident in most cell types. Sialidosis is considered an orphan disorder with no therapy currently available. Here, we assessed the therapeutic potential of AAV-mediated gene therapy for the treatment of sialidosis. Neu1-/- mice were co-injected with two scAAV2/8 vectors, expressing human NEU1 and its chaperone PPCA. Treated mice were phenotypically indistinguishable from their WT controls. NEU1 activity was restored to different extent in most tissues, including the brain, heart, muscle, and visceral organs. This resulted in diminished/absent lysosomal vacuolization in multiple cell types and reversal of sialyl-oligosacchariduria. Lastly, normalization of lysosomal exocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluids and serum of treated mice, coupled to diminished neuroinflammation, were measures of therapeutic efficacy. These findings point to AAV-mediated gene therapy as a suitable treatment for sialidosis and possibly other diseases, associated with low NEU1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huimin Hu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jason A Weesner
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Leigh E Fremuth
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meifen Lu
- Devision of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elida Gomero
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yvan Campos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Devision of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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21
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Ogata J, Shimada Y, Ohashi T, Kobayashi H. Usefulness of antibody-drug conjugate as preconditioning for hematopoietic stem cell-targeted gene therapy in wild-type and Fabry disease mouse models. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108494. [PMID: 38820907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabry disease (FD) is characterized by deficient activity of α-galactosidase A (GLA). Consequently, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulates in various organs, causing cardiac, renal, and cerebrovascular damage. Gene therapies for FD have been investigated in humans. Strong conditioning is required for hematopoietic stem cell-targeted gene therapy (HSC-GT). However, strong conditioning leads to various side effects and should be avoided. In this study, we tested antibody-based conditioning for HSC-GT in wild-type and FD model mice. METHODS After preconditioning with an antibody-drug conjugate, HSC-GT using a lentiviral vector was performed in wild-type and Fabry model mice. In the wild-type experiment, the EGFP gene was introduced into HSCs and transplanted into preconditioned mice, and donor chimerism and EGFP expression were analyzed. In the FD mouse model, the GLA gene was introduced into HSCs and transplanted into preconditioned Fabry mice. GLA activity and Gb3 accumulation in the organs were analyzed. RESULTS In the wild-type mouse experiment, when anti-CD45 antibody-drug conjugate was used, the percentage of donor cells at 6 months was 64.5%, and 69.6% of engrafted donor peripheral blood expressed EGFP. When anti-CD117 antibody-drug conjugate and ATG were used, the percentage of donor cells at 6 months was 80.7%, and 73.4% of engrafted donor peripheral blood expressed EGFP. Although large variations in GLA activity among mice were observed in the FD mouse experiment for both preconditioning regimens, Gb3 was significantly reduced in many organs. CONCLUSIONS Antibody-based preconditioning may be an alternative preconditioning strategy for HSC-GT for treating FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ogata
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
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22
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Li C, Zhao W, Hu Z, Yu H. Cholesterol-Modified DNA Nanostructures Serve as Effective Non-Viral Carriers for Delivering siRNA to the Kidneys to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311690. [PMID: 38377276 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
With the emergence of gene therapy utilizing viral vectors, the potential risks associated with these vectors have prompted increased attention toward non-viral alternatives. DNA nanotechnology enables the assembly of specific oligonucleotide chains into nanostructures possessing defined spatial configurations. Due to their inherent characteristics, DNA nanostructures possess natural advantages as carriers for regulating gene expression in a non-viral manner. Cholesterol modification can convert DNA nanostructures from hydrophilic materials to amphiphilic materials, thereby extending their systemic circulation time. In this study, the high-dimensional design and cholesterol modification are shown to prolong the systemic circulation half-life of DNA nanostructures in mice. Specifically, the tetrahedron structure modified with three cholesterol molecules (TDN-3Chol) exhibit excellent circulation time and demonstrate a preference for renal uptake. The unique characteristics of TDN-3Chol can effectively deliver p53 siRNA to the mouse renal tubular tissue, resulting in successful knockdown of p53 and demonstrating its potential for preventing acute kidney injury. Furthermore, TDN-3Chol is not exhibited significant toxicity in mice, highlighting its promising role as a non-viral vector for targeted gene expression regulation in the kidneys. The designed non-viral vector as a prophylactic medication shows potential in addressing the current clinical challenges associated with nephrotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxun Li
- School of Stomatology & Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhao
- School of Stomatology & Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zuojian Hu
- School of Stomatology & Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongxiu Yu
- School of Stomatology & Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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23
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Arjunan P, Kathirvelu D, Mahalingam G, Goel AK, Zacharaiah UG, Srivastava A, Marepally S. Lipid-nanoparticle-enabled nucleic acid therapeutics for liver disorders. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2885-2900. [PMID: 39027251 PMCID: PMC11252464 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited genetic disorders of the liver pose a significant public health burden. Liver transplantation is often limited by the availability of donor livers and the exorbitant costs of immunosuppressive therapy. To overcome these limitations, nucleic acid therapy provides a hopeful alternative that enables gene repair, gene supplementation, and gene silencing with suitable vectors. Though viral vectors are the most efficient and preferred for gene therapy, pre-existing immunity debilitating immune responses limit their use. As a potential alternative, lipid nanoparticle-mediated vectors are being explored to deliver multiple nucleic acid forms, including pDNA, mRNA, siRNA, and proteins. Herein, we discuss the broader applications of lipid nanoparticles, from protein replacement therapy to restoring the disease mechanism through nucleic acid delivery and gene editing, as well as multiple preclinical and clinical studies as a potential alternative to liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porkizhi Arjunan
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
- Manipal academy for higher education, Mangalore 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Durga Kathirvelu
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokulnath Mahalingam
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Goel
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uday George Zacharaiah
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srujan Marepally
- Center for Stem Cell Research (A Unit of inStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College Campus, Bagayam, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Feng L, Chen Z, Bian H. Skeletal muscle: molecular structure, myogenesis, biological functions, and diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e649. [PMID: 38988494 PMCID: PMC11234433 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an important motor organ with multinucleated myofibers as its smallest cellular units. Myofibers are formed after undergoing cell differentiation, cell-cell fusion, myonuclei migration, and myofibril crosslinking among other processes and undergo morphological and functional changes or lesions after being stimulated by internal or external factors. The above processes are collectively referred to as myogenesis. After myofibers mature, the function and behavior of skeletal muscle are closely related to the voluntary movement of the body. In this review, we systematically and comprehensively discuss the physiological and pathological processes associated with skeletal muscles from five perspectives: molecule basis, myogenesis, biological function, adaptive changes, and myopathy. In the molecular structure and myogenesis sections, we gave a brief overview, focusing on skeletal muscle-specific fusogens and nuclei-related behaviors including cell-cell fusion and myonuclei localization. Subsequently, we discussed the three biological functions of skeletal muscle (muscle contraction, thermogenesis, and myokines secretion) and its response to stimulation (atrophy, hypertrophy, and regeneration), and finally settled on myopathy. In general, the integration of these contents provides a holistic perspective, which helps to further elucidate the structure, characteristics, and functions of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan‐Ting Feng
- Department of Cell Biology & National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineNational Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhi‐Nan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology & National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineNational Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Huijie Bian
- Department of Cell Biology & National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineNational Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Development for Major DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Kropf E, Markusic DM, Majowicz A, Mingozzi F, Kuranda K. Complement System Response to Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:425-438. [PMID: 38251650 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors represent a novel tool for the delivery of genetic therapeutics and enable the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Success of this new modality is challenged, however, by cases of immune-related toxicities that complicate the clinical management of patients and potentially limit the therapeutic efficacy of AAV gene therapy. While significant progress has been made to manage immune-related liver enzyme elevations following systemic AAV delivery in humans, recent clinical trials utilizing high vector doses have highlighted a new challenge to AAV gene transfer-activation of the complement system. While current in vitro models implicate AAV-specific antibodies in the initiation of the classical complement pathway, evidence from in vivo pre-clinical and clinical studies suggests that the alternative pathway also contributes to complement activation. A convergence of AAV-specific, environmental, and patient-specific factors shaping complement responses likely contributes to differential outcomes seen in clinical trials, from priming of the adaptive immune system to serious adverse events such as hepatotoxicity and thrombotic microangiopathy. Research focused on the interplay of patient-specific and AAV-related factors driving complement activation is needed to understand and identify critical components in the complement cascade to target and devise strategies to mitigate vector-related immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kropf
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David M Markusic
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Majowicz
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Klaudia Kuranda
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Liu Y, Kong J, Liu G, Li Z, Xiao Y. Precise Gene Knock-In Tools with Minimized Risk of DSBs: A Trend for Gene Manipulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401797. [PMID: 38728624 PMCID: PMC11267366 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Gene knock-in refers to the insertion of exogenous functional genes into a target genome to achieve continuous expression. Currently, most knock-in tools are based on site-directed nucleases, which can induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the target, following which the designed donors carrying functional genes can be inserted via the endogenous gene repair pathway. The size of donor genes is limited by the characteristics of gene repair, and the DSBs induce risks like genotoxicity. New generation tools, such as prime editing, transposase, and integrase, can insert larger gene fragments while minimizing or eliminating the risk of DSBs, opening new avenues in the development of animal models and gene therapy. However, the elimination of off-target events and the production of delivery carriers with precise requirements remain challenging, restricting the application of the current knock-in treatments to mainly in vitro settings. Here, a comprehensive review of the knock-in tools that do not/minimally rely on DSBs and use other mechanisms is provided. Moreover, the challenges and recent advances of in vivo knock-in treatments in terms of the therapeutic process is discussed. Collectively, the new generation of DSBs-minimizing and large-fragment knock-in tools has revolutionized the field of gene editing, from basic research to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Mudi Meng Honors CollegeChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Jianping Kong
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Gongyu Liu
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
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Cao D, Byrne BJ, de Jong YP, Terhorst C, Duan D, Herzog RW, Kumar SR. Innate Immune Sensing of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:451-463. [PMID: 38887999 PMCID: PMC11310564 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2024.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) based viral vectors are widely used in human gene therapy and form the basis of approved treatments for several genetic diseases. Immune responses to vector and transgene products, however, substantially complicate these applications in clinical practice. The role of innate immune recognition of AAV vectors was initially unclear, given that inflammatory responses early after vector administration were typically mild in animal models. However, more recent research continues to identify innate immune pathways that are triggered by AAV vectors and that serve to provide activation signals for antigen-presenting cells and initiation of adaptive immune responses. Sensing of the AAV genome by the endosomal DNA receptor toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) promotes early inflammatory response and interferon expression. Thus, activation of the TLR9>MyD88 pathway in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) leads to the conditioning of antigen cross-presenting DCs through type I interferon (IFN-I) and ultimately CD8+ T cell activation. Alternatively, pDCs may also promote CD8+ T cell responses in a TLR9-independent manner by the production of IL-1 cytokines, thereby activating the IL-1R1>MyD88 signaling pathway. AAV can induce cytokine expression in monocyte-derived DCs, which in turn increases antibody formation. Binding of AAV capsid to complement components likely further elevates B cell activation. At high systemic vector doses in humans and in non-human primates, AAV vectors can trigger complement activation, with contributions by classical and alternative pathways, leading to severe toxicities. Finally, evidence for activation of TLR2 by the capsid and of additional innate receptors for nucleic acids has been presented. These observations show that AAV vectors can initiate several and likely redundant innate immune pathways resulting in an exaggerated adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Barry J. Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ype P. de Jong
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sandeep R.P. Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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28
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BenDavid E, Ramezanian S, Lu Y, Rousseau J, Schroeder A, Lavertu M, Tremblay JP. Emerging Perspectives on Prime Editor Delivery to the Brain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:763. [PMID: 38931430 PMCID: PMC11206523 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prime editing shows potential as a precision genome editing technology, as well as the potential to advance the development of next-generation nanomedicine for addressing neurological disorders. However, turning in prime editors (PEs), which are macromolecular complexes composed of CRISPR/Cas9 nickase fused with a reverse transcriptase and a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA), to the brain remains a considerable challenge due to physiological obstacles, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review article offers an up-to-date overview and perspective on the latest technologies and strategies for the precision delivery of PEs to the brain and passage through blood barriers. Furthermore, it delves into the scientific significance and possible therapeutic applications of prime editing in conditions related to neurological diseases. It is targeted at clinicians and clinical researchers working on advancing precision nanomedicine for neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli BenDavid
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Pharmaceutical Nanoscience, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Sina Ramezanian
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joël Rousseau
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Banda A, Impomeni O, Singh A, Baloch AR, Hu W, Jaijyan DK. Precision in Action: The Role of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas in Gene Therapies. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:636. [PMID: 38932365 PMCID: PMC11209408 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-associated enzyme-CAS holds great promise for treating many uncured human diseases and illnesses by precisely correcting harmful point mutations and disrupting disease-causing genes. The recent Food and Drug Association (FDA) approval of the first CRISPR-based gene therapy for sickle cell anemia marks the beginning of a new era in gene editing. However, delivering CRISPR specifically into diseased cells in vivo is a significant challenge and an area of intense research. The identification of new CRISPR/Cas variants, particularly ultra-compact CAS systems with robust gene editing activities, paves the way for the low-capacity delivery vectors to be used in gene therapies. CRISPR/Cas technology has evolved beyond editing DNA to cover a wide spectrum of functionalities, including RNA targeting, disease diagnosis, transcriptional/epigenetic regulation, chromatin imaging, high-throughput screening, and new disease modeling. CRISPR/Cas can be used to engineer B-cells to produce potent antibodies for more effective vaccines and enhance CAR T-cells for the more precise and efficient targeting of tumor cells. However, CRISPR/Cas technology has challenges, including off-target effects, toxicity, immune responses, and inadequate tissue-specific delivery. Overcoming these challenges necessitates the development of a more effective and specific CRISPR/Cas delivery system. This entails strategically utilizing specific gRNAs in conjunction with robust CRISPR/Cas variants to mitigate off-target effects. This review seeks to delve into the intricacies of the CRISPR/Cas mechanism, explore progress in gene therapies, evaluate gene delivery systems, highlight limitations, outline necessary precautions, and scrutinize the ethical considerations associated with its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Banda
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ 08618, USA
| | - Olivia Impomeni
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing Township, NJ 08618, USA
| | - Aparana Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala 799046, India;
| | - Abdul Rasheed Baloch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
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30
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Liu F, Su R, Jiang X, Wang S, Mu W, Chang L. Advanced micro/nano-electroporation for gene therapy: recent advances and future outlook. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10500-10521. [PMID: 38757536 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising disease treatment approach by editing target genes, and thus plays a fundamental role in precision medicine. To ensure gene therapy efficacy, the effective delivery of therapeutic genes into specific cells is a key challenge. Electroporation utilizes short electric pulses to physically break the cell membrane barrier, allowing gene transfer into the cells. It dodges the off-target risks associated with viral vectors, and also stands out from other physical-based gene delivery methods with its high-throughput and cargo-accelerating features. In recent years, with the help of advanced micro/nanotechnology, micro/nanostructure-integrated electroporation (micro/nano-electroporation) techniques and devices have significantly improved cell viability, transfection efficiency and dose controllability of the electroporation strategy, enhancing its application practicality especially in vivo. This technical advancement makes micro/nano-electroporation an effective and versatile tool for gene therapy. In this review, we first introduce the evolution of electroporation technique with a brief explanation of the perforation mechanism, and then provide an overview of the recent advancements and prospects of micro/nano-electroporation technology in the field of gene therapy. To comprehensively showcase the latest developments of micro/nano-electroporation technology in gene therapy, we focus on discussing micro/nano-electroporation devices and current applications at both in vitro and in vivo levels. Additionally, we outline the ongoing clinical studies of gene electrotransfer (GET), revealing the tremendous potential of electroporation-based gene delivery in disease treatment and healthcare. Lastly, the challenges and future directions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rongtai Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinran Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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31
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Chung HY, Lee GS, Nam SH, Lee JH, Han JP, Song S, Kim GD, Jung C, Hyeon DY, Hwang D, Choi BO, Yeom SC. Morc2a variants cause hydroxyl radical-mediated neuropathy and are rescued by restoring GHKL ATPase. Brain 2024; 147:2114-2127. [PMID: 38227798 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Microrchidia CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) GHKL ATPase module cause a broad range of neuropathies, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z; however, the aetiology and therapeutic strategy are not fully understood. Previously, we reported that the Morc2a p.S87L mouse model exhibited neuropathy and muscular dysfunction through DNA damage accumulation. In the present study, we analysed the gene expression of Morc2a p.S87L mice and designated the primary causing factor. We investigated the pathological pathway using Morc2a p.S87L mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human fibroblasts harbouring MORC2 p.R252W. We subsequently assessed the therapeutic effect of gene therapy administered to Morc2a p.S87L mice. This study revealed that Morc2a p.S87L causes a protein synthesis defect, resulting in the loss of function of Morc2a and high cellular apoptosis induced by high hydroxyl radical levels. We considered the Morc2a GHKL ATPase domain as a therapeutic target because it simultaneously complements hydroxyl radical scavenging and ATPase activity. We used the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-PHP.eB serotype, which has a high CNS transduction efficiency, to express Morc2a or Morc2a GHKL ATPase domain protein in vivo. Notably, AAV gene therapy ameliorated neuropathy and muscular dysfunction with a single treatment. Loss-of-function characteristics due to protein synthesis defects in Morc2a p.S87L were also noted in human MORC2 p.S87L or p.R252W variants, indicating the correlation between mouse and human pathogenesis. In summary, CMT2Z is known as an incurable genetic disorder, but the present study demonstrated its mechanisms and treatments based on established animal models. This study demonstrates that the Morc2a p.S87L variant causes hydroxyl radical-mediated neuropathy, which can be rescued through AAV-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yoon Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Geon Seong Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Samsung Medical Center, Cell & Gene Therapy Institute, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Jeong Pil Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Sumin Song
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Choonkyun Jung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon 25354, Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bioinformatics Institute, Bio-MAX, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Samsung Medical Center, Cell & Gene Therapy Institute, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon 25354, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, WCU Biomodulation Major, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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32
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Horn S, Fehse B. [How safe is gene therapy? : Second death after Duchenne therapy]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 65:617-623. [PMID: 38748280 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-024-01711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe monogenic hereditary disease with early manifestation and a progressive course. Treatment options have so far been limited. Gene therapy opens up new options for DMD patients. OBJECTIVES Against the background of a further death following DMD gene therapy, the side effects and risks of the gene therapeutics already approved or undergoing clinical trials will be evaluated and alternative gene therapeutics will be described. Based thereon, the future of DMD gene therapy will be discussed. CURRENT DATA For the first time, in June 2023, delandistrogene moxeparvovec (SRP-9001), a gene replacement therapy based on an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, was approved in the USA for children aged 4-5 years with DMD. Other promising gene therapies are in preclinical development or clinical trials, including CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strategies to restore dystrophin expression. Two deaths following DMD gene therapy with high-dose AAV vectors were attributed to AAV-mediated immune responses. The pre-existing disease underlying the therapy is most likely involved in the fatal AAV toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Although gene therapy applications of AAV vectors are generally considered safe, the systemic administration of high vector doses can lead to severe side effects with a potentially fatal outcome in individual patients, especially after activation of the immune system. In the future, new methods for immunosuppression, reduction of AAV dose and alternative vectors will therefore increasingly come to the fore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Horn
- Forschungsabteilung Zell- und Gentherapie, Klinik für Stammzelltransplantation, Zentrum für Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Boris Fehse
- Forschungsabteilung Zell- und Gentherapie, Klinik für Stammzelltransplantation, Zentrum für Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
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33
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Yuan R, Wang B, Wang Y, Liu P. Gene Therapy for Neurofibromatosis Type 2-Related Schwannomatosis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions. Oncol Ther 2024; 12:257-276. [PMID: 38760612 PMCID: PMC11187037 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-related schwannomatosis is a rare autosomal dominant monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the NF2 gene. The hallmarks of NF2-related schwannomatosis are bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS). The current treatment options for NF2-related schwannomatosis, such as observation with serial imaging, surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapies, have shown limited effectiveness and serious complications. Therefore, there is a critical demand for novel effective treatments. Gene therapy, which has made significant advancements in treating genetic diseases, holds promise for the treatment of this disease. This review covers the genetic pathogenesis of NF2-related schwannomatosis, the latest progress in gene therapy strategies, current challenges, and future directions of gene therapy for NF2-related schwannomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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34
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Lee AT, Chang EF, Paredes MF, Nowakowski TJ. Large-scale neurophysiology and single-cell profiling in human neuroscience. Nature 2024; 630:587-595. [PMID: 38898291 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in large-scale single-unit human neurophysiology, single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and long-term ex vivo tissue culture of surgically resected human brain tissue have provided an unprecedented opportunity to study human neuroscience. In this Perspective, we describe the development of these paradigms, including Neuropixels and recent brain-cell atlas efforts, and discuss how their convergence will further investigations into the cellular underpinnings of network-level activity in the human brain. Specifically, we introduce a workflow in which functionally mapped samples of human brain tissue resected during awake brain surgery can be cultured ex vivo for multi-modal cellular and functional profiling. We then explore how advances in human neuroscience will affect clinical practice, and conclude by discussing societal and ethical implications to consider. Potential findings from the field of human neuroscience will be vast, ranging from insights into human neurodiversity and evolution to providing cell-type-specific access to study and manipulate diseased circuits in pathology. This Perspective aims to provide a unifying framework for the field of human neuroscience as we welcome an exciting era for understanding the functional cytoarchitecture of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mercedes F Paredes
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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35
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Posern C, Dreyer B, Maier SL, Eichler F, Gelb MH, Santer R, Bley A, Murko S. Quantification of N-acetyl-l-aspartate in dried blood spots: A simple and fast LC-MS/MS neonatal screening method for the diagnosis of Canavan disease. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108489. [PMID: 38718669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canavan disease is a devastating neurometabolic disorder caused by accumulation of N acetylaspartate in brain and body fluids due to genetic defects in the aspartoacylase gene (ASPA). New gene therapies are on the horizon but will require early presymptomatic diagnosis to be fully effective. METHODS We therefore developed a fast and highly sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method for quantification of N-acetylaspartate in dried blood spots and established reference ranges for neonates and older controls. With this test, we investigated 45 samples of 25 Canavan patients including 8 with a neonatal sample. RESULTS Measuring N-acetylaspartate concentration in dried blood with this novel test, all Canavan patients (with variable severity) were well separated from the control group (median; range: 5.7; 1.6-13.6 μmol/L [n = 45] vs 0.44; 0.24-0.99 μmol/L [n = 59] (p < 0.05)). There was also no overlap when comparing neonatal samples of Canavan patients (7.3; 5.1-9.9 μmol/L [n = 8]) and neonatal controls (0.93; 0.4-1.8 μmol/L [n = 784]) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We have developed a new LC-MS/MS-based screening test for early postnatal diagnosis of Canavan disease that should be further evaluated in a population-based study once a promising treatment becomes available. The method meets the general requirements of newborn screening and should be appropriate for multiplexing with other screening approaches that combine chromatographic and mass spectrometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Posern
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Dreyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah L Maier
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Eichler
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Annette Bley
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Simona Murko
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Qin X, Yu Q, Li X, Jiang W, Shi X, Hou W, Zhang D, Cai Z, Bi H, Fan W, Ding Y, Yang Y, Dong B, Chen L, Huo D, Wang C, Zhou Y, Pei D, Ye M, Liang C. Methodological Validation of Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation Method for Adeno-Associated Virus and Collaborative Calibration of System Suitability Substance. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:401-411. [PMID: 38717948 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the primary gene delivery vectors in gene therapy, facilitating long-term in vivo gene expression. Despite being imperative, it is incredibly challenging to precisely assess AAV particle distribution according to the sedimentation coefficient and identify impurities related to capsid structures. This study performed the systematic methodological validation of quantifying the AAV empty and full capsid ratio. This includes specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, and parameter variables involving the sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation (SV-AUC) method. Specifically, SV-AUC differentiated among the empty, partial, full, and high sedimentation coefficient substance (HSCS) AAV particles while evaluating their sedimentation heterogeneity. The intermediate precision analysis of HE (high percentage of empty capsid) and HF (high percentage of full capsid) samples revealed that the specific species percentage, such as empty or full, was more significant than 50%. Moreover, the relative standard deviation (RSD) could be within 5%. Even for empty or partially less than 15%, the RSD could be within 10%. The accuracy recovery rates of empty capsid were between 103.9% and 108.7% across three different mixtures. When the measured percentage of specific species was more significant than 14%, the recovery rate was between 77.9% and 106.6%. Linearity analysis revealed an excellent linear correlation between the empty, partial, and full in the HE samples. The AAV samples with as low as 7.4 × 1011 cp/mL AAV could be accurately quantified with SV-AUC. The parameter variable analyses revealed that variations in cell alignment significantly affected the overall results. Still, the detection wavelength of 235 nm slightly influenced the empty, partial, and full percentages. Minor detection wavelength changes showed no impact on the sedimentation coefficient of these species. However, the temperature affected the measured sedimentation coefficient. These results validated the SV-AUC method to quantify AAV. This study provides solutions to AAV empty and full capsid ratio quantification challenges and the subsequent basis for calibrating the AAV empty capsid system suitability substance. Because of the AAV structure and potential variability complexity in detection, we jointly calibrated empty capsid system suitability substance with three laboratories to accurately detect the quantitative AAV empty and full capsid ratio. The empty capsid system suitability substance could be used as an external reference to measure the performance of the instrument. The results could be compared with multiple QC (quality control) laboratories based on the AAV vector and calibration accuracy. This is crucial for AUC to be used for QC release and promote gene therapy research worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qikun Yu
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Belief BioMed Inc., Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Xinchang Shi
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiu Hou
- Belief BioMed Inc., Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Da Zhang
- Skyline Therapeutics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, Republic of China
| | | | - Hua Bi
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Youxue Ding
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Biao Dong
- Sichuan Real & Best Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Wuhan Neurophth Biotechnology Limited Company, Wuhan, Republic of China
| | - Dehua Huo
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Dening Pei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Ye
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Chenggang Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Vogt L, Quiroz V, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D. Emerging therapies for childhood-onset movement disorders. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:331-341. [PMID: 38655812 PMCID: PMC11047116 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We highlight novel and emerging therapies in the treatment of childhood-onset movement disorders. We structured this review by therapeutic entity (small molecule drugs, RNA-targeted therapeutics, gene replacement therapy, and neuromodulation), recognizing that there are two main approaches to treatment: symptomatic (based on phenomenology) and molecular mechanism-based therapy or 'precision medicine' (which is disease-modifying). RECENT FINDINGS We highlight reports of new small molecule drugs for Tourette syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia and Rett syndrome. We also discuss developments in gene therapy for aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency and hereditary spastic paraplegia, as well as current work exploring optimization of deep brain stimulation and lesioning with focused ultrasound. SUMMARY Childhood-onset movement disorders have traditionally been treated symptomatically based on phenomenology, but focus has recently shifted toward targeted molecular mechanism-based therapeutics. The development of precision therapies is driven by increasing capabilities for genetic testing and a better delineation of the underlying disease mechanisms. We highlight novel and exciting approaches to the treatment of genetic childhood-onset movement disorders while also discussing general challenges in therapy development for rare diseases. We provide a framework for molecular mechanism-based treatment approaches, a summary of specific treatments for various movement disorders, and a clinical trial readiness framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Vogt
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicente Quiroz
- Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bisht D, Salave S, Desai N, Gogoi P, Rana D, Biswal P, Sarma G, Benival D, Kommineni N, Desai D. Genome editing and its role in vaccine, diagnosis, and therapeutic advancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131802. [PMID: 38670178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Genome editing involves precise modification of specific nucleotides in the genome using nucleases like CRISPR/Cas, ZFN, or TALEN, leading to increased efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) for gene editing, and it can result in gene disruption events via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-driven repair (HDR). Genome editing, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, revolutionizes vaccine development by enabling precise modifications of pathogen genomes, leading to enhanced vaccine efficacy and safety. It allows for tailored antigen optimization, improved vector design, and deeper insights into host genes' impact on vaccine responses, ultimately enhancing vaccine development and manufacturing processes. This review highlights different types of genome editing methods, their associated risks, approaches to overcome the shortcomings, and the diverse roles of genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanker Bisht
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Bareilly, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Nimeet Desai
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Purnima Gogoi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin and Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Dhwani Rana
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Prachurya Biswal
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bihar Animal Sciences University, Kishanganj 855115, Bihar, India
| | - Gautami Sarma
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, Gujarat, India.
| | | | - Dhruv Desai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Shinsato RN, Correa CG, Herai RH. Genetic network analysis indicate that individuals affected by neurodevelopmental conditions have genetic variations associated with ophthalmologic alterations: A critical review of literature. Gene 2024; 908:148246. [PMID: 38325665 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the nervous system are related to a wide range of mental disorders, which include neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) that are characterized by early onset mental conditions, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders and correlated conditions (ASD). Previous studies have shown distinct genetic components associated with diverse schizophrenia and ASD phenotypes, with mostly focused on rescuing neural phenotypes and brain activity, but alterations related to vision are overlooked. Thus, as the vision is composed by the eyes that itself represents a part of the brain, with the retina being formed by neurons and cells originating from the glia, genetic variations affecting the brain can also affect the vision. Here, we performed a critical systematic literature review to screen for all genetic variations in individuals presenting NDD with reported alterations in vision. Using these restricting criteria, we found 20 genes with distinct types of genetic variations, inherited or de novo, that includes SNP, SNV, deletion, insertion, duplication or indel. The variations occurring within protein coding regions have different impact on protein formation, such as missense, nonsense or frameshift. Moreover, a molecular analysis of the 20 genes found revealed that 17 shared a common protein-protein or genetic interaction network. Moreover, gene expression analysis in samples from the brain and other tissues indicates that 18 of the genes found are highly expressed in the brain and retina, indicating their potential role in adult vision phenotype. Finally, we only found 3 genes from our study described in standard public databanks of ophthalmogenetics, suggesting that the other 17 genes could be novel target for vision diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério N Shinsato
- Unisalesiano, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Neurogenetics (LaBiN/LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil.
| | - Camila Graczyk Correa
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Neurogenetics (LaBiN/LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Neurogenetics (LaBiN/LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil; Research Division, Buko Kaesemodel Institute (IBK), Curitiba, Paraná 80240-000, Brazil; Research Division, 9p Brazil Association (A9pB), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97060-580, Brazil.
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40
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Shao Y, Liu C, Liao HK, Zhang R, Yuan B, Yang H, Li R, Zhu S, Fang X, Rodriguez Esteban C, Chen J, Izpisua Belmonte JC. In vivo rescue of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy by systemic delivery of nexilin. Genome Biol 2024; 25:135. [PMID: 38783323 PMCID: PMC11112773 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common causes of heart failure. Multiple identified mutations in nexilin (NEXN) have been suggested to be linked with severe DCM. However, the exact association between multiple mutations of Nexn and DCM remains unclear. Moreover, it is critical for the development of precise and effective therapeutics in treatments of DCM. RESULTS In our study, Nexn global knockout mice and mice carrying human equivalent G645del mutation are studied using functional gene rescue assays. AAV-mediated gene delivery is conducted through systemic intravenous injections at the neonatal stage. Heart tissues are analyzed by immunoblots, and functions are assessed by echocardiography. Here, we identify functional components of Nexilin and demonstrate that exogenous introduction could rescue the cardiac function and extend the lifespan of Nexn knockout mouse models. Similar therapeutic effects are also obtained in G645del mice, providing a promising intervention for future clinical therapeutics. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrated that a single injection of AAV-Nexn was capable to restore the functions of cardiomyocytes and extended the lifespan of Nexn knockout and G645del mice. Our study represented a long-term gene replacement therapy for DCM that potentially covers all forms of loss-of-function mutations in NEXN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Shao
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Canzhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Medicine Research Center, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Hsin-Kai Liao
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ran Zhang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baolei Yuan
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanyan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Medicine Research Center, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Ronghui Li
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Siting Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Concepcion Rodriguez Esteban
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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41
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Poudel BH, Fletcher S, Wilton SD, Aung-Htut M. Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2B (LGMD2B): Diagnosis and Therapeutic Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5572. [PMID: 38891760 PMCID: PMC11171558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a large transmembrane protein involved in critical cellular processes including membrane repair and vesicle fusion. Mutations in the dysferlin gene (DYSF) can result in rare forms of muscular dystrophy; Miyoshi myopathy; limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B); and distal myopathy. These conditions are collectively known as dysferlinopathies and are caused by more than 600 mutations that have been identified across the DYSF gene to date. In this review, we discuss the key molecular and clinical features of LGMD2B, the causative gene DYSF, and the associated dysferlin protein structure. We also provide an update on current approaches to LGMD2B diagnosis and advances in drug development, including splice switching antisense oligonucleotides. We give a brief update on clinical trials involving adeno-associated viral gene therapy and the current progress on CRISPR/Cas9 mediated therapy for LGMD2B, and then conclude by discussing the prospects of antisense oligomer-based intervention to treat selected mutations causing dysferlinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal Hari Poudel
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (B.H.P.); (S.F.); (S.D.W.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (B.H.P.); (S.F.); (S.D.W.)
| | - Steve D. Wilton
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (B.H.P.); (S.F.); (S.D.W.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - May Aung-Htut
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; (B.H.P.); (S.F.); (S.D.W.)
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Wang F, Huang Y, Li J, Zhou W, Wang W. Targeted gene delivery systems for T-cell engineering. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00954-6. [PMID: 38753155 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes are indispensable for the host systems of defense against pathogens, tumors, and environmental threats. The therapeutic potential of harnessing the cytotoxic properties of T lymphocytes for antigen-specific cell elimination is both evident and efficacious. Genetically engineered T-cells, such as those employed in CAR-T and TCR-T cell therapies, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in treating cancer and autoimmune disorders. However, the current landscape of T-cell genetic engineering is dominated by strategies that necessitate in vitro T-cell isolation and modification, which introduce complexity and prolong the development timeline of T-cell based immunotherapies. This review explores the complexities of gene delivery systems designed for T cells, covering both viral and nonviral vectors. Viral vectors are known for their high transduction efficiency, yet they face significant limitations, such as potential immunogenicity and the complexities involved in large-scale production. Nonviral vectors, conversely, offer a safer profile and the potential for scalable manufacturing, yet they often struggle with lower transduction efficiency. The pursuit of gene delivery systems that can achieve targeted gene transfer to T cell without the need for isolation represents a significant advancement in the field. This review assesses the design principles and current research progress of such systems, highlighting the potential for in vivo gene modification therapies that could revolutionize T-cell based treatments. By providing a comprehensive analysis of these systems, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the future development of T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaQian Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Pitarch Castellano I, López Briz E, Ibáñez Albert E, Aguado Codina C, Sevilla T, Poveda Andrés JL. Onasemnogene Abeparvovec Administration via Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter: A Case Report. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:590. [PMID: 38790585 PMCID: PMC11120195 DOI: 10.3390/children11050590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA) is the approved intravenous gene therapy for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). A functional copy of the human SMN1 gene was inserted into the target motor neuron cells via a viral vector, AAV9. In clinical trials, OA was infused through a peripheral venous catheter, and no data are available on central catheter use. Recently, we had a case where OA was administered directly into the right atrium via a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) instead of a peripheral line, as recommended. The patient was a female child aged 4 months, diagnosed as SMA type I. For practical reasons, a dose of OA according to the weight of the patient (1.1 × 1014 vectorial genomes/kg) was administered via PICC in 1 h, as the product information recommends. The drug was well tolerated, with no hypersensitivity reactions or initial elevation of transaminases or other adverse effects. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported where OA was administered via a central line. This type of administration is not contraindicated, but it is not specifically contemplated or recommended. It is unknown whether central line administration could have any implications for transduction efficiency and immunogenicity. Future studies should clarify these aspects, as each gene therapy has a specific optimal dose recorded that depends on the site and route of administration of the drug, the AAV variant and the transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo López Briz
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Eugenia Ibáñez Albert
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Cristina Aguado Codina
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José L. Poveda Andrés
- Management Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
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Luo S, Jiang H, Li Q, Qin Y, Yang S, Li J, Xu L, Gou Y, Zhang Y, Liu F, Ke X, Zheng Q, Sun X. An adeno-associated virus variant enabling efficient ocular-directed gene delivery across species. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3780. [PMID: 38710714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) have emerged as promising gene therapy vectors due to their proven efficacy and safety in clinical applications. In non-human primates (NHPs), rAAVs are administered via suprachoroidal injection at a higher dose. However, high doses of rAAVs tend to increase additional safety risks. Here, we present a novel AAV capsid (AAVv128), which exhibits significantly enhanced transduction efficiency for photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, along with a broader distribution across the layers of retinal tissues in different animal models (mice, rabbits, and NHPs) following intraocular injection. Notably, the suprachoroidal delivery of AAVv128-anti-VEGF vector completely suppresses the Grade IV lesions in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) NHP model for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Furthermore, cryo-EM analysis at 2.1 Å resolution reveals that the critical residues of AAVv128 exhibit a more robust advantage in AAV binding, the nuclear uptake and endosome escaping. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of AAVv128 as a next generation ocular gene therapy vector, particularly using the suprachoroidal delivery route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Luo
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Biomedicine, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Biomedicine, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Biomedicine, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Yingfei Qin
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Jing Li
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Lingli Xu
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Yan Gou
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Fengjiang Liu
- Innovative Center for Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China.
- Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceuticals Group Co Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China.
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China.
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Biomedicine, Chengdu, 610036, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Mietzsch M, Nelson AR, Hsi J, Zachary J, Potts L, Chipman P, Ghanem M, Khandekar N, Alexander IE, Logan GJ, Huiskonen JT, McKenna R. Structural characterization of antibody-responses from Zolgensma treatment provides the blueprint for the engineering of an AAV capsid suitable for redosing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.590489. [PMID: 38746165 PMCID: PMC11092599 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.590489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are useful tools to dissect the neutralizing antibody response against the adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids used as gene therapy delivery vectors. This study structurally characterizes the interactions of 21 human-derived antibodies from patients treated with the AAV9 vector, Zolgensma ® , utilizing high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy. The majority of the bound antibodies do not conform to the icosahedral symmetry of the capsid, thus requiring localized reconstructions. These complex structures provide unprecedented details of the mAbs binding interfaces, with some antibodies inducing structural perturbations of the capsid upon binding. Key surface capsid amino acid residues were identified facilitating the design of capsid variants with an antibody escape phenotype, with the potential to expand the patient cohort treatable with AAV9 vectors to include those that were previously excluded due to their pre-existing neutralizing antibodies, and possibly also to those requiring redosing.
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Ji J, Lefebvre E, Laporte J. Comparative in vivo characterization of newly discovered myotropic adeno-associated vectors. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:9. [PMID: 38702726 PMCID: PMC11067285 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to treat muscle diseases. However, this strategy is currently confronted with challenges, including a lack of transduction efficiency across the entire muscular system and toxicity resulting from off-target tissue effects. Recently, novel myotropic AAVs named MyoAAVs and AAVMYOs have been discovered using a directed evolution approach, all separately demonstrating enhanced muscle transduction efficiency and liver de-targeting effects. However, these newly discovered AAV variants have not yet been compared. METHODS In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of these various AAV9-derived vectors under the same experimental conditions following different injection time points in two distinct mouse strains. RESULTS We highlight differences in transduction efficiency between AAV9, AAVMYO, MyoAAV2A and MyoAAV4A that depend on age at injection, doses and mouse genetic background. In addition, specific AAV serotypes appeared more potent to transduce skeletal muscles including diaphragm and/or to de-target heart or liver. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides guidance for researchers aiming to establish proof-of-concept approaches for preventive or curative perspectives in mouse models, to ultimately lead to future clinical trials for muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ji
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, 67404, France
| | - Elise Lefebvre
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, 67404, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, 67404, France.
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O'Neal M, Noher de Halac I, Aylward SC, Yildiz V, Zapanta B, Abreu N, de Los Reyes E. Natural History of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 6, Late Infantile Disease. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 154:51-57. [PMID: 38531163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the CLN6 gene cause late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease of childhood onset. Clinically, individuals present with progressive motor and cognitive regression, ataxia, and early death. The aim of this study is to establish natural history data of individuals with classic, late-infantile-onset (age less than five years) CLN6 disease. METHODS We analyzed the natural history of 25 patients with late-infantile-onset CLN6, utilizing the Hamburg motor-language scale to measure disease progression. The key outcomes were CLN6 disease progression, assessed by rate of decline in motor and language clinical domain summary scores (0 to 6 total points); onset and type of first symptom; onset of first seizure; and time from first symptom to complete loss of function. RESULTS Median age of total motor and language onset of decline was 42 months (interquartile range 36 to 48). The estimated rate of decline in total score was at a slope of -1.20 (S.D. 0.30) per year, after the start of decline. Complete loss of both motor and language function was found to be, on average, 88.1 months (S.D. 13.5). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the largest international study that monitors the longitudinal natural history and progression of CLN6 disease. These data may serve as a template for future interventional trials targeted to slow the progression of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O'Neal
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Shawn C Aylward
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vedat Yildiz
- Biostatistics Resource at Nationwide Children's Hospital (BRANCH), Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bianca Zapanta
- Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nicolas Abreu
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Emily de Los Reyes
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
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Minetti A. Unlocking the potential of adeno-associated virus in neuroscience: a brief review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:563. [PMID: 38647711 PMCID: PMC11035420 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a pivotal tool in neuroscience research, owing to its remarkable versatility and efficiency in delivering genetic material to diverse cell types within the nervous system. This mini review aims to underscore the advanced applications of AAV vectors in neuroscience and their profound potential to revolutionize our understanding of brain function and therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders. By providing a concise overview of the latest developments and strategies employing AAV vectors, this review illuminates the transformative role of AAV technology in unraveling the complexities of neural circuits and paving the way for innovative treatments. Through elucidating the multifaceted capabilities of AAV-mediated gene delivery, this review underscores its pivotal role as a cornerstone in contemporary neuroscience research, promising remarkable insights into the intricacies of brain biology and offering new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antea Minetti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Biology, Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Buchignani B, Cicala G, Cumbo F, Ricci M, Capasso A, Ticci C, Mazzanti S, Brolatti N, Tosi M, Dosi C, Antonaci L, Coratti G, Pera MC, Leone D, Palermo C, Berti B, Frongia AL, Sacchini M, Bruno C, Masson R, D'Amico A, Battini R, Pane M, Mercuri E. Communicative development inventory in type 1 and presymptomatic infants with spinal muscular atrophy: a cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:395-401. [PMID: 38290776 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess early language acquisitions in treated individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 and in infants identified by newborn screening (NBS). METHODS Parents of SMA individuals aged between 8 and 36 months were asked to fill in the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (MB-CDI) that assesses comprehension, gesture and expressive skills. A follow-up assessment was performed in 21 of the 36. RESULTS The MB-CDI was completed by parents of 24 type 1 and 12 infants identified by NBS. Comprehension skills were preserved in 81% of the type 1 SMA and in 87% infants identified by NBS. Gesture abilities were <5th centile in 55% of the type 1 SMA and in none of those identified by NBS. Lexical expressions were <5th centile in more than 80% type 1 SMA and in 50% of infants identified by NBS. At follow-up, despite an increase in lexical expression skills, the scores remained below the fifth centile in 43% type 1 SMA and in 86% of infants identified by NBS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that language and communication development may follow a similar pattern to that observed in motor function with the possibility to develop skills (eg, ability to say clear words) that are not usually present in untreated infants but with a level of performance that does not reach that of their typically developing peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Buchignani
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Cicala
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Cumbo
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Ricci
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Ticci
- SOC Malattie Metaboliche e Muscolari Ereditarie, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Mazzanti
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Noemi Brolatti
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Tosi
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Dosi
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Antonaci
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgia Coratti
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Pera
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Leone
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Concetta Palermo
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Beatrice Berti
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Lia Frongia
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Sacchini
- SOC Malattie Metaboliche e Muscolari Ereditarie, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masson
- Developmental Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marika Pane
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Sussman C, Liberatore RA, Drozdz MM. Delivery of DNA-Based Therapeutics for Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:535. [PMID: 38675196 PMCID: PMC11053842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy and its role in the medical field have evolved drastically in recent decades. Studies aim to define DNA-based medicine as well as encourage innovation and the further development of novel approaches. Gene therapy has been established as an alternative approach to treat a variety of diseases. Its range of mechanistic applicability is wide; gene therapy has the capacity to address the symptoms of disease, the body's ability to fight disease, and in some cases has the ability to cure disease, making it a more attractive intervention than some traditional approaches to treatment (i.e., medicine and surgery). Such versatility also suggests gene therapy has the potential to address a greater number of indications than conventional treatments. Many DNA-based therapies have shown promise in clinical trials, and several have been approved for use in humans. Whereas current treatment regimens for chronic disease often require frequent dosing, DNA-based therapies can produce robust and durable expression of therapeutic genes with fewer treatments. This benefit encourages the application of DNA-based gene therapy to manage chronic diseases, an area where improving efficiency of current treatments is urgent. Here, we provide an overview of two DNA-based gene therapies as well as their delivery methods: adeno associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy and plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based gene therapy. We will focus on how these therapies have already been utilized to improve treatment of chronic disease, as well as how current literature supports the expansion of these therapies to treat additional chronic indications in the future.
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