1
|
Zhu N, Lu HJ, Chang L. Peer popularity and self-discipline as protective factors against depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: Do boys and girls benefit equally? Psych J 2024; 13:66-78. [PMID: 38105577 PMCID: PMC10917103 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the concurrent and longitudinal protective effects of peer popularity and self-discipline (control, planning, and the ability to prioritize important things) against depressive symptoms among adolescents. We used multilevel modeling to examine the data of 1676 adolescents aged 12-15 years from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) survey, a large-scale panel survey with a nationally representative sample. Results showed that both peer popularity and self-discipline predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms measured concurrently. The buffering effect of self-discipline against concurrent depressive symptoms was stronger for girls than for boys, especially in middle adolescence. Peer popularity additionally predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms 4 years later, and this effect was stronger for girls than for boys. These patterns of results were maintained after controlling for self-rated physical health and society-level factors. We discuss these findings against the background of distinct traditional gender roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhu
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MacauMacauChina
| | - Hui Jing Lu
- Department of Applied Social SciencesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MacauMacauChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lauche R, Anheyer D, Uebelacker LA, Sibbritt D, Adams J, Cramer H. Do yoga and meditation moderate the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms? Analysis of a national cross-sectional survey of Australian women. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1218976. [PMID: 37731879 PMCID: PMC10508961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1218976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to examine the role of yoga/meditation in the relationship between negative life events, stress and depression. Methods The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) surveyed 7,186 women aged 36-43 years (mean age 39.2 years; 57.2% university degree) in 2015. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted to examine whether yoga/meditation practice moderated those relationships. Results Yoga/meditation was practiced by 27.5% of participants, 33.2% reported negative life events in the past 12 months, and 24% had clinical depression. Perceived stress partially mediated the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms (B = 6.28; 95%CI 5.65; 6.92). Social support (B = -0.38; 95%CI -0.54; -0.23) and optimism (B = -0.25;95%CI -0.31; -0.18) moderated the association between stress and depressive symptoms. Yoga/meditation practice moderated the direct association between negative life events and depressive symptoms (B = -0.92; 95%CI -1.67; -0.18). Conclusion Yoga/meditation use was a significant moderator of the relationship between negative life events and depression. Yoga/mediation use did not act via reducing perceived stress, but instead was found to dampen the influence of negative life events on depression directly. More research on how yoga has an impact on depression is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Lauche
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Anheyer
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Institute for General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Robert Bosch Center for Integrative Medicine and Health, Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department for Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Lisa A. Uebelacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holger Cramer
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Institute for General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Robert Bosch Center for Integrative Medicine and Health, Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dan VH, Ponnuchamy L, Anand NK, Bhaskarapillai B, Sharma MK. Resilience and self-compassion among persons with depressive disorders: Prerequisite for a positive mental health approach. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1621-1628. [PMID: 37767454 PMCID: PMC10521843 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2270_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment gap for common mental health problems, especially of the depressive disorders is consequential in developing countries like India. Positive mental health domains like resilience and self-compassion have been long hailed as protective factors against depression and viable for use in therapeutic aspects. The objectives were to find an association between resilience, self-compassion, and depression. Methods The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design among 75 respondents who were seeking treatment for major depressive disorders from a tertiary care center during the second wave of COVID-19. Three scales were administered online, namely Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD RISC-25), and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Spearman's rank correlation test, Chi-square with Fisher's exact test, and Kruskal Wallis H test were used to study the relationships and differences in average scores with respect to the severity of depression. Results Most of the respondents had moderate depressive features along with moderately high levels of resilience (CD RISC 25) and self-compassion (SCS-SF) scores. Resilience and self-compassion were found to have no significant relationship with respect to the severity of depression. There was a weakly positive correlation between resilience and self-compassion among those with moderate and severe depression. Conclusion Since the individuals with depression had higher scores on resilience and self-compassion, the levels of depression remained at moderate levels of severity despite the devastating impact of the second wave of COVID-19 in the Indian sub-continent. Results are to be interpreted with respect to psychosocial contexts arising during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health programs can incorporate the variables of resilience and self-compassion in intervention among individuals with depression which have likely been beneficial in their process of recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Hubert Dan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Lingam Ponnuchamy
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitin K. Anand
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Binukumar Bhaskarapillai
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj K. Sharma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rep C, Peyre H, Sánchez-Rico M, Blanco C, Dosquet M, Schuster JP, Limosin F, Hoertel N. Contributing factors to heterogeneity in the timing of the onset of major depressive episode: Results from a national study. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:585-595. [PMID: 34952114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It remains unclear whether specific clinical factors contribute to heterogeneity in the timing of the onset of major depression. METHODS Using a nationally representative US adult sample, the second wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, we compared the characteristics of 5 different groups of patients defined by their age at onset: (i) before 18 years, (ii) between 18 and 34 years, (iii) between 35 and 44 years, (iv) between 45 and 59 years, and (v) 60 years or older. Specifically, we examined parental history of psychiatric disorders, history of childhood maltreatment experiences, sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime psychiatric disorders, and psychiatric disorders that occurred before the first major depressive episode (MDE). RESULTS Compared with first MDE occurring between 18 and 34 years, first MDE before 18 years was more strongly associated with childhood maltreatment and family history of psychiatric disorders, and less strongly linked to prior lifetime psychiatric disorders, whereas first MDE occurring at 60 years and older was more strongly associated with widowhood and a prior lifetime history of generalized anxiety disorder. LIMITATIONS Associations found cannot be interpzreted as causal relationships due to study design and the risk of recall bias. CONCLUSION Our results suggest substantial age differences in risk factors for first MDE. Improving early detection and treatment of major depression and other psychiatric disorders, and preventing childhood maltreatment may have broad benefits to reduce the burden of MDE at all ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Rep
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris.
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Paris, France; Cognitive Sciences and Psycholinguistic Laboratory, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Marina Sánchez-Rico
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris; Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marie Dosquet
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris
| | - Jean-Pierre Schuster
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris; Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Inserm U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Hoertel
- Centre Ressource Régional de Psychiatrie du Sujet Agé (CRRPSA), Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'adulte et du sujet âgé, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris; Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Inserm U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Villatte A, Piché G, Benjamin S. Perceived Support and Sense of Social Belonging in Young Adults Who Have a Parent With a Mental Illness. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:793344. [PMID: 35095606 PMCID: PMC8792737 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.793344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This participatory action research explores the perceived social support of youth whose parents have a mental illness during their transition to adulthood. Social support is an important protection factor during this developmental period, but few studies have explored how these young adults perceive their social support. Nor has any study assessed whether participation in a group-based participatory action research project could improve these youth's sense of support. Purpose: (1) identify which aspects of social support these youth spontaneously address when talking about their experiences in Photovoice workshops; (2) explore how participants view these types of workshops as a good way to improve their sense of social support and belonging. Methodology: Ten young adults (nine women and one man) between the ages of 18 and 25 who have at least one parent with a mental illness participated in Photovoice meetings in 2019. These group meetings aimed to explore and share their experiences as young adults whose parents have a mental illness. The testimonies were combined with data obtained from the abbreviated version of the Social Provisions Scale and the Scale of Social Belonging. Results: The quantitative results suggest that participants consider their social support levels to be high, but their qualitative statements highlight low level or absence of parental support in terms of emotional, informative or instrumental levels. They see themselves as an important source of support for their parent and discuss the importance of having other supports figures (romantic partner, employer, friends, sibling, etc.). Conversely, they have difficulty asking for help for various reasons (including fear of stigma). They consider that their participation in this Photovoice project allowed them to feel heard, supported and to develop a sense of belonging to a group. Discussion: To conclude, clinical issues to be considered for psychosocial intervention with young adults of parents with a mental illness are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Villatte
- Laboratory LaPProche, Department of psychoeducation and psychology, Universite du Quebec en Outaouais, Saint-Jerome, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles (CRUJEF), Quebec, QC, Canada
- Réseau de recherche en santé des populations du Québec (RRSPQ), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec (RISUQ), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Piché
- Laboratory LaPProche, Department of psychoeducation and psychology, Universite du Quebec en Outaouais, Saint-Jerome, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles (CRUJEF), Quebec, QC, Canada
- Réseau de recherche en santé des populations du Québec (RRSPQ), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec (RISUQ), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Benjamin
- Laboratory LaPProche, Department of psychoeducation and psychology, Universite du Quebec en Outaouais, Saint-Jerome, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles (CRUJEF), Quebec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lakhdir MPA, Akber Ali N, Peerwani G, Farooq S, Khaliq A, Nathwani AA, Azam SI. The role of parent-to-child maltreatment in the pathway of self-reported depressive symptoms in Pakistani adolescents. Health Psychol Open 2021; 8:20551029211065614. [PMID: 34950498 PMCID: PMC8689439 DOI: 10.1177/20551029211065614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parent-to-child maltreatment has been demonstrated to drastically affect a
child’s mental well-being and plays a significant role in developing
depressive symptoms. However, little is established about the effect of
frequency of parent-to-child maltreatment on the development of depressive
symptoms among Pakistani adolescents. Methods A longitudinal prospective study was conducted, from 2015 to 2017, with 800
adolescents aged 11–17 years old recruited from 32 systematically selected
urban and peri-urban areas of Karachi. First, these adolescents were
screened for parent-to-child maltreatment in 2015 in a cross-sectional
survey. Children with diagnosed psychiatric conditions were excluded from
the study. In the second phase, these individuals were followed for 2 years
to investigate the symptoms of depressive disorder using a validated tool,
“CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies) Depression scale.” The Cox
proportional algorithm was used to examine the relationship between the
frequency of parent-to-child maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Results Approximately 11% of frequently, 9% of occasionally parent-to-child, and 7%of
negligibly maltreated adolescents reported depressive symptoms over 2 years.
The other significant predictors of depressive symptoms were no formal
education of the child (RR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.35–7.34), presence of stressful
home environment (RR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.22–3.94), and having both uneducated
parents (RR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.90–3.21). The frequently maltreated females
were found to have 4 times the higher risk compared to rarely maltreated
males. In addition, frequently maltreated males were twice likely to develop
depressive symptoms. Conclusion The results suggested that frequent parent-to-child maltreatment occurring
during childhood leads to the development of depressive symptoms later in
the adolescence period. Thus, there is a dire need for interventions to
raise awareness among the society on the issue of parent-to-child
mistreatment to minimize later mental health consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naureen Akber Ali
- Department of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghazal Peerwani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Salima Farooq
- Department of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asif Khaliq
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Apsara Ali Nathwani
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Généreux M, Schluter PJ, Landaverde E, Hung KKC, Wong CS, Mok CPY, Blouin-Genest G, O’Sullivan T, David MD, Carignan ME, Champagne-Poirier O, Pignard-Cheynel N, Salerno S, Lits G, d’Haenens L, Coninck DD, Matthys K, Champagne E, Burlone N, Qadar Z, Herbosa T, Ribeiro-Alves G, Law R, Murray V, Chan EYY, Roy M. The Evolution in Anxiety and Depression with the Progression of the Pandemic in Adult Populations from Eight Countries and Four Continents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4845. [PMID: 34062769 PMCID: PMC8125359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nearly a year after the classification of the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic, it is clear that different factors have contributed to an increase in psychological disorders, including public health measures that infringe on personal freedoms, growing financial losses, and conflicting messages. This study examined the evolution of psychosocial impacts with the progression of the pandemic in adult populations from different countries and continents, and identified, among a wide range of individual and country-level factors, which ones are contributing to this evolving psychological response. An online survey was conducted in May/June 2020 and in November 2020, among a sample of 17,833 adults (Phase 1: 8806; Phase 2: 9027) from eight countries/regions (Canada, the United States, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Hong Kong, the Philippines, New Zealand). Probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE) were assessed. The independent role of potential factors was examined using multilevel logistic regression. Probable GAD or MDE was indicated by 30.1% and 32.5% of the respondents during phases 1 and 2, respectively (a 7.9% increase over time), with an important variation according to countries/regions (range from 22.3% in Switzerland to 38.8% in the Philippines). This proportion exceeded 50% among young adults (18-24 years old) in all countries except for Switzerland. Beyond young age, several factors negatively influenced mental health in times of pandemic; important factors were found, including weak sense of coherence (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 3.89), false beliefs (aOR = 2.33), and self-isolation/quarantine (aOR = 2.01). The world has entered a new era dominated by psychological suffering and rising demand for mental health interventions, along a continuum from health promotion to specialized healthcare. More than ever, we need to innovate and build interventions aimed at strengthening key protective factors, such as sense of coherence, in the fight against the adversity caused by the concurrent pandemic and infodemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Généreux
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Philip J. Schluter
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury-Te Whare Wananga o Waitaha, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Elsa Landaverde
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Kevin KC Hung
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Chi Shing Wong
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Catherine Pui Yin Mok
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Gabriel Blouin-Genest
- School of Applied Politics, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Tracey O’Sullivan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 7K4, Canada;
| | - Marc D. David
- Department of Communication, Faculté de Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (M.D.D.); (M.-E.C.); (O.C.-P.)
| | - Marie-Eve Carignan
- Department of Communication, Faculté de Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (M.D.D.); (M.-E.C.); (O.C.-P.)
| | - Olivier Champagne-Poirier
- Department of Communication, Faculté de Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (M.D.D.); (M.-E.C.); (O.C.-P.)
| | | | - Sébastien Salerno
- Medi@Lab, Université de Genève, Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve 40, 1205 Genève, Switzerland;
| | - Grégoire Lits
- Institut Langage et Communication, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Leen d’Haenens
- Institute for Media Studies, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - David De Coninck
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.D.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Koenraad Matthys
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.D.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Eric Champagne
- School of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nathalie Burlone
- School of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (E.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Zeeshan Qadar
- National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Teodoro Herbosa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Philippines, Manille Grand, Manila 1000, Philippines;
| | | | - Ronald Law
- Department of Health, Manila, Manila 2932, Philippines;
| | | | - Emily Ying Yang Chan
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Family Medicine & Emergency Medicine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaman A, Otto C, Klasen F, Westenhöfer J, Reiss F, Hölling H, Ravens-Sieberer U. Risk and resource factors for depressive symptoms during adolescence and emerging adulthood - A 5-year follow-up using population-based data of the BELLA study. J Affect Disord 2021; 280:258-266. [PMID: 33220562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in adolescents and young adults worldwide, and causes a high burden for both individuals and society. The present study aims to investigate the role of risk and resource factors for depressive symptoms during adolescence and emerging adulthood in a German population-based cohort. METHODS Within the longitudinal BELLA study, data on risk and resource factors were collected among n = 632 children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. Depressive symptoms were measured five years later. Multivariate linear regression models served to investigate effects of risk and resource factors on depressive symptoms. Regression models were stratified by gender. Moreover, we explored potential interaction effects. RESULTS A negative mother-child relationship predicted depressive symptoms in girls, whereas school stress served as a risk factor in boys. Peer competence was associated with fewer depressive symptoms in girls, and family cohesion was identified as a resource factor in boys. In addition, few moderating effects of resource factors on the association between risk factors and depressive symptoms were found. LIMITATIONS As the BELLA study is a population-based observational study, we only identified associations between risk and resource factors and no cause-effect relationships. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide evidence of gender-specific risk and resource factors for depression. Individuals who are exposed to risk factors must be monitored during the transition into adulthood. Gender-sensitive prevention and early intervention programs are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kaman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Otto
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fionna Klasen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Westenhöfer
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department Health Sciences, Competence Center Health, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Reiss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scardera S, Perret LC, Ouellet-Morin I, Gariépy G, Juster RP, Boivin M, Turecki G, Tremblay RE, Côté S, Geoffroy MC. Association of Social Support During Adolescence With Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation in Young Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2027491. [PMID: 33275154 PMCID: PMC7718598 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Mental health problems are common during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Although perceived social support and mental health problems have been shown to be concurrently associated, longitudinal studies are lacking to document the directionality of this association, especially in emerging adulthood (late teens to late 20s). Objective To test whether social support in emerging adulthood protects against later depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts after adjusting for a range of confounders, including prior mental health problems and family characteristics. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study included 1174 participants from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Participants underwent yearly or biennial assessment (starting from age 5 months to age 20 years). Data were collected from March 16, 1998, through June 1, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported perceived social support was measured at age 19 years using the 10-item Social Provision Scale. Mental health problems, including depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as suicidal ideation and attempts, were measured at age 20 years. Social support and mental health problem raw scores were converted to z-scores to ease interpretation. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were categorized using validated cutoffs to determine clinical significance. Results The study consisted of 1174 participants (574 female [48.89%] and 600 male [51.11%] individuals). Emerging adults with higher levels of perceived social support at age 19 years reported fewer mental health problems 1 year later, even after adjusting for a range of mental health problems in adolescence at ages 15 and 17 years (eg, depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation and attempts) and family characteristics (eg, socioeconomic status and family functioning and structure). Higher perceived social support was associated with fewer symptoms of depression (β = -0.23; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.18; P = <.001 and odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42-0.66 for severe depression) and anxiety (β = -0.10; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.04; P < .001 and OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.98 for severe anxiety). Higher perceived social support was associated with a lower risk for suicide-related outcomes (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.50-0.70] for suicidal ideation and OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.46-0.79] for suicide attempts). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, emerging adults who perceived higher levels of social support reported experiencing fewer mental health problems 1 year later. These findings suggest that perceived social support may protect against mental health problems during the transition into adulthood, even in those who experience mental health problems in adolescence. Leveraging social support in prevention and treatment options may protect against mental health symptoms during this transition period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Scardera
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Léa C. Perret
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ouellet-Morin
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Gariépy
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvana Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- INSERM 1219 Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suetani S, Stubbs B, McGrath JJ, Scott JG. Physical activity of people with mental disorders compared to the general population: a systematic review of longitudinal cohort studies. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:1443-1457. [PMID: 31444516 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated if (a) people with lower physical activity have an increased risk of subsequent mental disorders (compared to those with higher physical activity); and (b) people with mental disorders have reduced subsequent physical activity (compared to those without mental disorders). METHODS A systematic review of population-based longitudinal studies examining physical activity and mental disorders was conducted. Mental disorders were defined by International Classification of Diseases or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The results were described in a narrative summary. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included. The majority (19) examined mood disorders and physical activity. Only two studies found consistent association between lower physical activity and a reduced risk of subsequent mental disorders. One study found the bidirectional association between physical activity and major depression. Twelve studies found mixed results (i.e., no consistency in direction and significance of the findings), and seven studies found no association between the variables of interest. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of consistent evidence linking physical activity to be either a risk factor or consequence of mental disorders. PROSPERO REGISTRATION ID CRD42017071737.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Suetani
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, 4076, Australia. .,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia. .,Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.,Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, 4076, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,National Centre for Register-based Research, The Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - James G Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, 4076, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Waldhauer J, Kuntz B, Mauz E, Lampert T. Intergenerational Educational Pathways and Self-Rated Health in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Results of the German KiGGS Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E684. [PMID: 30813568 PMCID: PMC6427741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Health differences in social mobility are often analysed by income differences or different occupational positions. However, in early adulthood many young people still have very diffuse income situations and are not always fully integrated into the labour market despite many having finished school. This article focusses on the link between intergenerational educational pathways and self-rated health (SRH) among young adults considering their SRH in adolescence. The data source used is the German KiGGS cohort study. The analysis sample comprises 2175 young people at baseline (t0: 2003⁻2006 age 14⁻17) and first follow-up (t1: 2009⁻2012 age 19⁻24). Combining parent's and young people's highest school degree, the data can trace patterns of intergenerational educational pathways (constant high level of education, upward mobility, downward mobility, constant low level of education). Young people's SRH was recorded at t0 and t1. During adolescence and young adulthood, participants were less likely to report poor SRH if they had a constant high intergenerational education or if they were upwardly mobile. The differences were particularly striking among young adults: average marginal effects (AME) for poor SRH showed much higher risk among downwardly mobile compared to peers with an intergenerational constant high education (AME: 0.175 [0.099; 0.251]), while the upwardly mobile had a significantly lower risk for less than good SRH than peers with an intergenerational constant low level of education (AME: -0.058 [-0.113; -0.004]). In the context of great societal demands and personal developmental needs, educational differences in health tend to increase in young adulthood. Public Health should pay more attention to educational and health inequalities in young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Waldhauer
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Kuntz
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elvira Mauz
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lampert
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bernaras E, Garaigordobil M, Jaureguizar J, Soroa M. Mild and severe childhood depression: differences and implications for prevention programs in the school setting. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2018; 11:581-588. [PMID: 30519132 PMCID: PMC6237138 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s184014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study had two goals as follows: 1) to identify the prevalence of children with mild and severe depression (MD and SD), exploring sex differences; and 2) to determine possible significant differences in adaptive and clinical variables between children with different levels of depression (absence of depression, MD, and SD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a sample of 420 participants aged 7-10 years (53.3% boys) enrolled in third and fourth grade of primary education, from schools in the Basque Country (Spain). The Children's Depression Scale (CDS, self-assessment) was administered as well as six more assessment instruments. RESULTS It was found that 84.2% of children had no depression, 10% had MD, and 5.8% had SD. Compared with children with depressive symptoms, participants without depression had significantly: 1) lower levels of maladjustment, stress, emotional symptoms, internalizing problems, and behavioral problems; and 2) higher levels of personal adjustment, resilience, social skills, and self-concept. In addition, children with MD had significantly lower levels of clinical maladjustment, emotional symptoms, and stress than children with SD. However, no differences were found in school maladjustment, internalizing problems, behavioral problems, personal adjustment, resilience, social skills, and self-concept between children with MD and SD. CONCLUSION The discussion emphasizes the importance of identifying children with MD and implementing universal prevention programs from an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bernaras
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maite Garaigordobil
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain,
| | - Marian Soroa
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pile V, Smith P, Leamy M, Blackwell SE, Meiser-Stedman R, Stringer D, Ryan EG, Dunn BD, Holmes EA, Lau JYF. A brief early intervention for adolescent depression that targets emotional mental images and memories: protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial (IMAGINE trial). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:97. [PMID: 29997904 PMCID: PMC6030737 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression is common and impairing. There is an urgent need to develop early interventions to prevent depression becoming entrenched. However, current psychological interventions are difficult to access and show limited evidence of effectiveness. Schools offer a promising setting to enhance access to interventions, including reducing common barriers such as time away from education. Distressing negative mental images and a deficit in positive future images, alongside overgeneral autobiographical memories, have been implicated in depression across the lifespan, and interventions targeting them in adults have shown promise. Here, we combine techniques targeting these cognitive processes into a novel, brief psychological intervention for adolescent depression. This feasibility randomised controlled trial will test the feasibility and acceptability of delivering this imagery-based cognitive behavioural intervention in schools. METHODS/DESIGN Fifty-six adolescents (aged 16-18) with high symptoms of depression will be recruited from schools. Participants will be randomly allocated to the imagery-based cognitive behavioural intervention (ICBI) or the control intervention, non-directive supportive therapy (NDST). Data on feasibility and acceptability will be recorded throughout, including data on recruitment, retention and adherence rates as well as adverse events. In addition, symptom assessment will take place pre-intervention, post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up. Primarily, the trial aims to establish whether it is feasible and acceptable to carry out this project in a school setting. Secondary objectives include collecting data on clinical measures, including depression and anxiety, and measures of the mechanisms proposed to be targeted by the intervention. The acceptability of using technology in assessment and treatment will also be evaluated. DISCUSSION Feasibility, acceptability and symptom data for this brief intervention will inform whether an efficacy randomised controlled trial is warranted and aid planning of this trial. If this intervention is shown in a subsequent definitive trial to be safe, clinically effective and cost-effective, it has potential to be rolled out as an intervention and so would significantly extend the range of therapies available for adolescent depression. This psychological intervention draws on cognitive mechanism research suggesting a powerful relationship between emotion and memory and uses imagery as a cognitive target in an attempt to improve interventions for adolescent depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN85369879.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Pile
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Patrick Smith
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Mary Leamy
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Simon E. Blackwell
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Dominic Stringer
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth G. Ryan
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Emily A. Holmes
- Department for Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Y. F. Lau
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Edgerton JD, Keough MT, Roberts LW. Co-development of Problem Gambling and Depression Symptoms in Emerging Adults: A Parallel-Process Latent Class Growth Model. J Gambl Stud 2018; 34:949-968. [PMID: 29468344 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-018-9760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examines whether there are multiple joint trajectories of depression and problem gambling co-development in a sample of emerging adults. Data were from the Manitoba Longitudinal Study of Young Adults (n = 679), which was collected in 4 waves across 5 years (age 18-20 at baseline). Parallel process latent class growth modeling was used to identified 5 joint trajectory classes: low decreasing gambling, low increasing depression (81%); low stable gambling, moderate decreasing depression (9%); low stable gambling, high decreasing depression (5%); low stable gambling, moderate stable depression (3%); moderate stable problem gambling, no depression (2%). There was no evidence of reciprocal growth in problem gambling and depression in any of the joint classes. Multinomial logistic regression analyses of baseline risk and protective factors found that only neuroticism, escape-avoidance coping, and perceived level of family social support were significant predictors of joint trajectory class membership. Consistent with the pathways model framework, we observed that individuals in the problem gambling only class were more likely using gambling as a stable way to cope with negative emotions. Similarly, high levels of neuroticism and low levels of family support were associated with increased odds of being in a class with moderate to high levels of depressive symptoms (but low gambling problems). The results suggest that interventions for problem gambling and/or depression need to focus on promoting more adaptive coping skills among more "at-risk" young adults, and such interventions should be tailored in relation to specific subtypes of comorbid mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Edgerton
- Department of Sociology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Matthew T Keough
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lance W Roberts
- Department of Sociology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Clemente FM, Martins FML, Nikolaidis PT, Mendes RS. Association between physical activity patterns and anthropometric characteristics of adults: an issue of public health? BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/bhk-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Study aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between objectively measured daily physical activity (PA) and body fat mass (BF) and body mass index (BMI). A further aim was to analyse the variance of PA between quartiles of BF and BMI.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional, observational study of 126 university students (53 males aged 20.46 ± 2.04 years and 73 female aged 19.69 ± 1.32 years) was conducted.
Results: The female participants and PA characteristics explain 57.10% of BF variance and the model was statistically significant (F(6, 875) = 196.38; p = 0.001). BMI was also included in the model. Standard binary logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis that female sex and PA characteristics can influence overweight. The full model containing all variables was statistically significant (G2(6) = 58.598, p-value = 0.001). Analysis of variance between BF quartiles revealed statistically significant differences in male participants in light PA (p = 0.001; ES = 0.09), moderate PA (p = 0.001; ES = 0.042) and vigorous PA (p = 0.001; ES = 0.130).
Conclusions: The statistical model in the regression analysis suggests that low and vigorous levels of PA explain 57% of BF variance in female participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Desporto e Lazer , Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Fernando Manuel Lourenço Martins
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã , Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra College of Education, RoboCorp, ASSERT, Coimbra , Portugal
| | | | - Rui Sousa Mendes
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra College of Education, RoboCorp, ASSERT, Coimbra , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kruger JR, Kim P, Iyer V, Marko-Holguin M, Fogel J, DeFrino D, Gladstone T, Van Voorhees BW. Evaluation of protective and vulnerability factors for depression following an internet-based intervention to prevent depression in at-risk adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14623730.2017.1308264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
17
|
Korczak DJ, Madigan S, Colasanto M. Children's Physical Activity and Depression: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-2266. [PMID: 28314824 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Research regarding the protective effects of early physical activity on depression has yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to synthesize observational studies examining the association of physical activity in childhood and adolescence with depression. DATA SOURCES Studies (from 2005 to 2015) were identified by using a comprehensive search strategy. STUDY SELECTION The included studies measured physical activity in childhood or adolescence and examined its association with depression. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted by 2 independent coders. Estimates were examined by using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifty independent samples (89 894 participants) were included, and the mean effect size was significant (r = -0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.19 to -0.10). Moderator analyses revealed stronger effect sizes in studies with cross-sectional versus longitudinal designs (k = 36, r = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.23 to -0.10 vs k = 14, r = -0.07; 95% CI = -0.10 to -0.04); using depression self-report versus interview (k = 46, r = -0.15; 95% CI = -0.20 to -0.10 vs k = 4, r = -0.05; 95% CI = -0.09 to -0.01); using validated versus nonvalidated physical activity measures (k = 29, r = -0.18; 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.09 vs k = 21, r = -0.08; 95% CI = -0.11 to -0.05); and using measures of frequency and intensity of physical activity versus intensity alone (k = 27, r = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.25 to -0.09 vs k = 7, r = -0.05; 95% CI = -0.09 to -0.01). LIMITATIONS Limitations included a lack of standardized measures of physical activity; use of self-report of depression in majority of studies; and a small number of longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity is associated with decreased concurrent depressive symptoms; the association with future depressive symptoms is weak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne J Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Aberta Children's Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marlena Colasanto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Body esteem is a mediator of the association between physical activity and depression in Korean adolescents. Appl Nurs Res 2017; 33:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
19
|
Garaigordobil M, Bernarás E, Jaureguizar J, Machimbarrena JM. Childhood Depression: Relation to Adaptive, Clinical and Predictor Variables. Front Psychol 2017; 8:821. [PMID: 28572787 PMCID: PMC5435802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study had two goals: (1) to explore the relations between self-assessed childhood depression and other adaptive and clinical variables (2) to identify predictor variables of childhood depression. Participants were 420 students aged 7-10 years old (53.3% boys, 46.7% girls). Results revealed: (1) positive correlations between depression and clinical maladjustment, school maladjustment, emotional symptoms, internalizing and externalizing problems, problem behaviors, emotional reactivity, and childhood stress; and (2) negative correlations between depression and personal adaptation, global self-concept, social skills, and resilience (sense of competence and affiliation). Linear regression analysis including the global dimensions revealed 4 predictors of childhood depression that explained 50.6% of the variance: high clinical maladjustment, low global self-concept, high level of stress, and poor social skills. However, upon introducing the sub-dimensions, 9 predictor variables emerged that explained 56.4% of the variance: many internalizing problems, low family self-concept, high anxiety, low responsibility, low personal self-assessment, high social stress, few aggressive behaviors toward peers, many health/psychosomatic problems, and external locus of control. The discussion addresses the importance of implementing prevention programs for childhood depression at early ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Garaigordobil
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque CountrySan Sebastian, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maite Garaigordobil,
| | - Elena Bernarás
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of the Basque CountrySan Sebastián, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University College of Teaching Training, University of the Basque CountryBilbao, Spain
| | - Juan M. Machimbarrena
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque CountrySan Sebastian, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
MacKinnon N, Colman I. Factors Associated with Suicidal Thought and Help-Seeking Behaviour in Transition-Aged Youth versus Adults. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:789-796. [PMID: 27578771 PMCID: PMC5564895 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716667417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is a leading cause of death for transition-aged youth (TAY), and yet few studies examine correlates of suicidal ideation specifically in this age demographic (age 18-24 years). The transition to adulthood is a unique context, marked by novel stressors (e.g., joining the workforce) and increased independence, which may influence risk factors for suicidal ideation. This study examined correlates of suicidal ideation in TAY and adults and contrasted profiles across age. METHODS We used 4 biannual cycles (2005, 2007, 2009, 2011) of the Canadian Community Health Survey, a population-based cross-sectional survey on health. We used logistic regression to assess the association between suicidal ideation and depression, distress, alcohol use, smoking, exercise, sedentary behaviour, chronic illness, restrictions to daily living, perceived physical and mental health, and perceived social support independently in both TAY ( n = 4427) and adults ( n = 14,452). We subsequently assessed possible interactions with age (18-24 v. 25-44 years) and sex and differences in help-seeking behaviour in a combined model. RESULT TAY exhibited higher rates of suicidal ideation than adults did ( P < 0.001). Numerous factors were associated with suicidal ideation in TAY. Notably, alcohol abstinence was associated with decreased suicidal ideation in TAY but not for adults. Moreover, when depressed, TAY were significantly less likely to have received professional mental health help than adults (odds ratio = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation is more prevalent in TAY than adults, and its consequences may be aggravated by poor treatment-seeking behaviour in at-risk (i.e. depressed) individuals. These different risk profiles substantiate the recent shift toward clinical interventions focusing on transition-aged youth, rather than traditional child (<18 years) and adult (>18 years) services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie MacKinnon
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gariépy G, Honkaniemi H, Quesnel-Vallée A. Social support and protection from depression: systematic review of current findings in Western countries. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 209:284-293. [PMID: 27445355 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.169094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies report an association between social support and protection from depression, but no systematic review or meta-analysis exists on this topic. AIMS To review systematically the characteristics of social support (types and source) associated with protection from depression across life periods (childhood and adolescence; adulthood; older age) and by study design (cross-sectional v cohort studies). METHOD A systematic literature search conducted in February 2015 yielded 100 eligible studies. Study quality was assessed using a critical appraisal checklist, followed by meta-analyses. RESULTS Sources of support varied across life periods, with parental support being most important among children and adolescents, whereas adults and older adults relied more on spouses, followed by family and then friends. Significant heterogeneity in social support measurement was noted. Effects were weaker in both magnitude and significance in cohort studies. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge gaps remain due to social support measurement heterogeneity and to evidence of reverse causality bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Gariépy
- Geneviève Gariépy, PhD, Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Helena Honkaniemi, BSc, International Research Infrastructure on Social Inequalities in Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Amélie Quesnel-Vallée, MSc, PhD, International Research Infrastructure on Social Inequalities in Health, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, and Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Helena Honkaniemi
- Geneviève Gariépy, PhD, Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Helena Honkaniemi, BSc, International Research Infrastructure on Social Inequalities in Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Amélie Quesnel-Vallée, MSc, PhD, International Research Infrastructure on Social Inequalities in Health, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, and Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- Geneviève Gariépy, PhD, Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Helena Honkaniemi, BSc, International Research Infrastructure on Social Inequalities in Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Amélie Quesnel-Vallée, MSc, PhD, International Research Infrastructure on Social Inequalities in Health, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, and Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jaschek G, Carter-Pokras O, He X, Lee S, Canino G. Association of child maltreatment and depressive symptoms among Puerto Rican youth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 58:63-71. [PMID: 27344268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article compares multiple types of child maltreatment among Puerto Rican youth. We seek to expand the limited knowledge of the effects of multiple types of maltreatment on depressive symptoms in a specific Latino population as emerging studies indicate that children who are exposed to one type of maltreatment are often exposed to other types. This study examines the predictive strength of different and multiple types of lifetime child maltreatment (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; and neglect), and the effect of youth support from parents, youth coping, youth self-esteem, and place of residence on depressive symptoms among Puerto Rican youth. Secondary data analyses were performed using three annual waves (2000-2004) of data from the Boricua Youth Study. The analytic sample consists of 1041 10-13 year old Puerto Rican youth living in New York and Puerto Rico. Results indicate that: (1) youth who experienced 'sexual abuse only', 'multiple maltreatment' (2 or more types of maltreatment), 'physical abuse only' have a significant increase in depressive symptoms (75.1%, 61.6%, and 40.5% respectively) compared to those without maltreatment; and (2) place of residence, exposure to violence, and mental disorders were significant risk factors. When developing psychosocial interventions, professionals should particularly focus on youth who report past lifetime experience with child maltreatment. Particular attention should be given to children living in the Bronx, New York and similar urban low-income areas who report past lifetime experience with multiple types of child maltreatment and who present symptoms or a diagnosis of co-occurring mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Jaschek
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Building 255, 2242 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Olivia Carter-Pokras
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Building 255, 2242 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Xin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Building 255, 2242 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Building 255, 2242 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee JEC, Phinney B, Watkins K, Zamorski MA. Psychosocial Pathways Linking Adverse Childhood Experiences to Mental Health in Recently Deployed Canadian Military Service Members. J Trauma Stress 2016; 29:124-31. [PMID: 26954537 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple pathways have been suggested to account for the relationship of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and well-being in adulthood, including interpersonal difficulties, the underestimation of one's sense of mastery, and a greater propensity to experience stressors later in life. This study was conducted to examine the association between ACEs and mental health in Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel, and the possible mediating roles of social support, mastery, and combat stressors in that relationship. The study consisted of a prospective analysis involving 3,319 CAF members upon their return from an overseas deployment. Results were that ACEs were associated with poorer mental health (β = -.14, p < .001) and that approximately 42.6% of this relationship could be explained by the mediating effects of low social support, low mastery, and a greater number of combat stressors. The full model, including the covariates, ACEs, social support, mastery, and combat stressors as correlates of postdeployment mental health, was statistically significant with adjusted R(2) = .28, F(9, 3309) = 141.96, p < .001. On the whole, results suggested that social support, mastery, and life stressors may be possible targets for interventions to minimize the impact of ACEs on later mental health in military personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E C Lee
- Department of National Defence, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brigitte Phinney
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Björkenstam E, Dalman C, Vinnerljung B, Weitoft GR, Walder DJ, Burström B. Childhood household dysfunction, school performance and psychiatric care utilisation in young adults: a register study of 96 399 individuals in Stockholm County. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 70:473-80. [PMID: 26646690 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to childhood household dysfunction increases the risk of psychiatric morbidity. Although school performance also has been linked with psychiatric morbidity, limited research has considered school performance as a mediating factor. To address this gap in the literature, the current register study examined whether school performance mediates the association between childhood household dysfunction (experienced between birth and age 14 years) and psychiatric care utilisation in young adulthood. METHODS We used a Swedish cohort of 96 399 individuals born during 1987-1991. Indicators of childhood household dysfunction were familial death, parental substance abuse and psychiatric morbidity, parental somatic disease, parental criminality, parental separation/single-parent household, public assistance recipiency and residential instability. Final school grades from the 9th year of compulsory school were used to create five categories. Estimates of risk of psychiatric care utilisation (measured as inpatient, outpatient and primary care) after the age of 18 years were calculated as HRs with 95% CIs. Mediation was tested with the bootstrap approach. RESULTS Cumulative exposure to childhood household dysfunction was positively associated with psychiatric care utilisation. Specifically, individuals exposed to three or more indicators with incomplete school grades had the highest risk (HR=3.7 (95% CI 3.3 to 4.1) after adjusting for demographics), compared to individuals exposed to no indicators with highest grades. School performance was found to mediate the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that future efforts to prevent or mitigate the negative effects of childhood household dysfunction on psychiatric morbidity may benefit from integration of strategies that improve school performance among vulnerable youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Björkenstam
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and California Center for Population Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christina Dalman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division Public Health Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Vinnerljung
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Deborah J Walder
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bo Burström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lyu J, Burr JA. Socioeconomic Status Across the Life Course and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: An Examination of the Latency, Pathways, and Accumulation Hypotheses. J Aging Health 2015; 28:40-67. [PMID: 26006338 DOI: 10.1177/0898264315585504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between life course socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive function among older adults in the United States over a 12-year observation period. The mediation of adult SES on the association between childhood SES and cognition was examined, along with the relationship between cumulative SES and cognition. METHOD Using a nationally representative sample from the Health and Retirement Study, cognitive status and change in cognition from 1998 to 2010 were examined using growth curve models. RESULTS The results showed that cognitive function varied within-persons and between-persons. SES disadvantage in childhood was associated with lower cognitive function at baseline. Adult SES mediated the relationship between childhood SES and cognitive function. Persons with higher cumulative SES demonstrated an advantage in cognitive function. DISCUSSION Childhood SES and adult SES both had relationships with cognitive status and, to a lesser degree, change in cognition in later life.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that nonpharmacological interventions have an appropriate place in the treatment of major depressive disorders (MDDs) as both stand-alone and supplemental treatments. Because women may be reluctant to use psychotropic medications due to strong values or treatment preferences during specific reproductive events, clinicians need to be able to offer empirically based alternatives to medication. In this review, we present recent findings from studies of acupuncture, bright light therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, omega fatty acid supplementation, physical activity, and psychosocial intervention for women experiencing depressive symptoms in the contexts of menstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause.
Collapse
|