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Meernik C, Li Q, Drope J, Shang C, Leonard T, Fennis BM, Qadan M, Barlow CE, DeFina LF, Oetjen R, DiPietro L, Shuval K. The Association between Psychological and Behavioral Economic Factors and the Rapid Assessment Disuse Index (RADI) during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1040. [PMID: 39200650 PMCID: PMC11353841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21081040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
The deleterious health effects of prolonged sitting and physical inactivity are well-established, yet these behaviors are pervasive in modern culture. To inform interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior and increasing lifestyle activity, this study examined psychological and behavioral economic factors that may be associated with these behaviors. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4072 adults in Israel. Participants completed a survey pertaining to lifestyle behaviors and economic preferences using an online platform in September 2020. The psychological and behavioral economic factors of interest were patience, self-control, risk-taking, grit, and general self-efficacy. Sedentary behavior and lifestyle activity (e.g., time spent moving about) was assessed using the Rapid Assessment Disuse Index (RADI) tool (higher score indicative of more sitting and less activity). Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses examined the association between psychological and behavioral economic factors and RADI score. Among 4072 participants, those who were impatient (vs. patient, β: -1.13; 95% CI: -1.89, -0.38) had higher grit (β: -1.25, 95% CI: -1.73, -0.77), and those who were more risk-seeking (β: -0.23; 95% CI: -0.33, -0.13) had lower RADI scores (i.e., less sedentary, more active). Significant associations for grit and risk-taking were also observed when the RADI score was dichotomized, such that individuals who had higher grit or were more risk-seeking were more likely to be non-sedentary/active. No significant associations were observed for self-control or general self-efficacy. Higher grit and more risk-seeking were associated with a decreased propensity for sedentary behaviors and inactivity; these factors may provide targets for interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior and increasing lifestyle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Meernik
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ce Shang
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tammy Leonard
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Bob M. Fennis
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, 9747 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Qadan
- School of Business Administration, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | | | - Laura F. DeFina
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
| | - Reid Oetjen
- School of Global Health Management and Informatics, College of Community Innovation and Education, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Loretta DiPietro
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Kerem Shuval
- Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
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van der Veer A, Madern T, van Lenthe FJ. Tunneling, cognitive load and time orientation and their relations with dietary behavior of people experiencing financial scarcity - an AI-assisted scoping review elaborating on scarcity theory. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:26. [PMID: 38439067 PMCID: PMC10910771 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of a financial scarcity mindset has raised much attention as an explanation for poor decision-making and dysfunctional behavior. It has been suggested that financial scarcity could also impair dietary behavior, through a decline in self-control. Underlying cognitive mechanisms of tunneling (directing attention to financial issues and neglecting other demands), cognitive load (a tax on mental bandwidth interfering with executive functioning) and time orientation (a shift towards a present time horizon, versus a future time horizon) may explain the association between financial scarcity and self-control related dietary behavior. The current scoping review gathers recent evidence on how these mechanisms affect dietary behavior of people experiencing financial scarcity. It builds on a theoretical framework based on insights from behavioral economics and health psychology. METHODS A literature search was executed in six online databases, which resulted in 9.975 papers. Search terms were tunneling, cognitive load and time orientation, financial scarcity, and dietary behavior. Screening was performed with ASReview, an AI-ranking tool. In total, 14 papers were included in the scoping review. We used PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting. RESULTS Limited evidence indicates that a scarcity mindset could increase tunneling, through attentional narrowing on costs of food, which then directly impacts dietary behavior. A scarcity mindset involves experiencing financial stress, which can be understood as cognitive load. Cognitive load decreases attentional capacity, which could impair self-control in dietary choices. Financial scarcity is related to a present time orientation, which affects dietary choices by shifting priorities and decreasing motivation for healthy dietary behavior. CONCLUSIONS A scarcity mindset affects dietary behavior in different ways. Tunneling and a shift in time orientation are indicative of an attentional redirection, which can be seen as more adaptive to the situation. These may be processes indirectly affecting self-control capacity. Cognitive load could decrease self-control capacity needed for healthy dietary behavior because it consumes mental bandwidth. How a changing time orientation when experiencing financial scarcity relates to motivation for self-control in dietary behavior is a promising theme for further inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarieke van der Veer
- Research Group of Debt and Debt Collection, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, PO Box 85397, 3508 AJ, The Netherlands.
| | - Tamara Madern
- Research Group of Debt and Debt Collection, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, PO Box 85397, 3508 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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Simutowe E, Ngoma H, Manyanga M, Silva JV, Baudron F, Nyagumbo I, Kalala K, Habeenzu M, Thierfelder C. Risk aversion, impatience, and adoption of conservation agriculture practices among smallholders in Zambia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26460. [PMID: 38420490 PMCID: PMC10901030 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural practices such as conservation agriculture have been promoted in southern Africa for nearly three decades, but their adoption remains low. It is of policy interest to unpack behavioural drivers of adoption to understand why adoption remains lower than anticipated. This paper assesses the effects of risk aversion and impatience on the extent and intensity of the adoption of conservation agriculture using panel data collected from 646 households in 2021 and 2022 in Zambia. We find that 12% and 18% of the smallholders were impatient and risk averse, respectively. There are two main empirical findings based on panel data Probit and Tobit models. First, on the extensive margin, being impatient is correlated with a decreased likelihood of adopting combined minimum-tillage (MT) and rotation by 2.9 percentage points and being risk averse is associated with a decreased propensity of adopting combined minimum tillage (MT) and mulching by 3.2 percentage points. Being risk averse is correlated with a decreased chance of adopting basins by 2.8 percentage points. Second, on the intensive margin, impatience and risk aversion are significantly correlated with reduced adoption intensity of basins, ripping, minimum tillage (MT), and combined MT and rotation by 0.02-0.22 ha. These findings imply a need to embed risk management (e.g., through crop yield insurance) in the scaling of sustainable agricultural practices to incentivise adoption. This can help to nudge initial adoption and to protect farmers from yield penalties that are common in experimentation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esau Simutowe
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), IITA Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hambulo Ngoma
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Mark Manyanga
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - João Vasco Silva
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Frédéric Baudron
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Isaiah Nyagumbo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kelvin Kalala
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), IITA Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mukwemba Habeenzu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), IITA Campus, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Christian Thierfelder
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Southern Africa Regional Office, P.O. Box MP163, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Bickel WK, Freitas-Lemos R, Tomlinson DC, Craft WH, Keith DR, Athamneh LN, Basso JC, Epstein LH. Temporal discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:307-329. [PMID: 34358579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity is a result of processes operating at multiple levels, most forms result from decision-making behavior. The aim of this review was to examine the candidacy of temporal discounting (TD) (i.e. the reduction in the value of a reinforcer as a function of the delay to its receipt) as a behavioral marker of obesity. For this purpose, we assessed whether TD has the ability to: identify risk for obesity development, diagnose obesity, track obesity progression, predict treatment prognosis/outcomes, and measure treatment effectiveness. Three databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched using a combination of terms related to TD and obesity. A total of 153 papers were reviewed. Several areas show strong evidence of TD's predictive utility as a behavioral marker of obesity (e.g., distinguishing obese from non obese). However, other areas have limited and/or mixed evidence (e.g., predicting weight change). Given the positive relationship for TD in the majority of domains examined, further consideration for TD as a behavioral marker of obesity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren K Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | | | - Devin C Tomlinson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - William H Craft
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Diana R Keith
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Liqa N Athamneh
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Julia C Basso
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Shuval K, Marroquin EM, Li Q, Knell G, Pettee Gabriel K, Drope J, Yaroch AL, Chartier KG, Fennis BM, Qadan M. Long-term weight loss success and the health behaviours of adults in the USA: findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047743. [PMID: 34261685 PMCID: PMC8281097 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between long-term weight loss (LTWL) success and lifestyle behaviours among US adults. DESIGN Serial cross-sectional data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2007-2014. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based nationally representative sample. The analytic sample included 3040 adults aged 20-64 years who tried to lose weight in the past year. MEASURES Participants were grouped into five LTWL categories (<5%, 5%-9.9%, 10%-14.9%, 15%-19.9% and ≥20%). Lifestyle-related behaviours included the following: alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking, fast-food consumption, dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index (HEI)) and caloric intake. Multivariable regression was employed adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, household income and size, current body mass index and self-reported health status. RESULTS Individuals in the 15%-19.9% LTWL group differed significantly from the reference group (<5% LTWL) in their physical activity and dietary quality (HEI) but not caloric intake. Specifically, they had a higher HEI score (β=3.19; 95% CI 0.39 to 5.99) and were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines (OR=1.99; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.55). In comparison, the ≥20% LTWL group was significantly more likely to smoke (OR=1.63; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.57) and to consume lower daily calories (β=-202.91; 95% CI -345.57 to -60.25) than the reference group; however, dietary quality and physical activity did not significantly differ. CONCLUSION Among a national sample of adults, a higher level of LTWL success does not necessarily equate to healthy weight loss behaviours. Future research should attempt to design interventions aimed at facilitating weight loss success while encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Shuval
- School of Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elisa Morales Marroquin
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
- The Center for Pediatric Population Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Qing Li
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory Knell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
- The Center for Pediatric Population Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Dallas, Texas, USA
- Children's Health Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Plano, Texas, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy L Yaroch
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Karen G Chartier
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bob M Fennis
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Qadan
- School of Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Emotional Eating in Adults: The Role of Sociodemographics, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Self-Regulation-Findings from a U.S. National Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041744. [PMID: 33670147 PMCID: PMC7916829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Emotional eating, the tendency to overeat in response to negative emotions, has been linked to weight gain. However, scant evidence exists examining the prevalence and correlates of emotional eating among large samples of adults in the United States (U.S.). Hence, we examine the relationship among individual and socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and self-regulation with emotional eating patterns among U.S. adults. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 5863 Family Health Habits Survey participants. Multivariable, ordered, logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between the frequency of the desire to eat when emotionally upset (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and very often) and the independent variables. Results: Analysis reveals that 20.5% of the sample tended to emotionally eat often or very often. Being female, non-Hispanic White, and of younger age were all related to a higher likelihood of emotional eating. Additionally, inability to delay gratification (impatience) was related to an 18% increased likelihood (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.33) for emotional eating. Finally, emotional eating was significantly related to more frequent fast-food consumption. Conclusions: Program planners might need to develop targeted interventions aimed at enhancing emotional regulation skills while addressing these less healthful behaviors (e.g., fast-food intake) with the goal of obesity and chronic disease prevention.
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SOOFI M, AKBARI SARI A, NAJAFI F. The Effect of Individual Time Preferences on Smoking Behavior: Insights from Behavioral Economics. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:1787-1795. [PMID: 33643955 PMCID: PMC7898103 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i9.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the correlation between the time and risk preferences and the smoking behavior of adult population in western Iran. METHODS Overall, 792 individuals with the age of 35 to 65 yr participating in an ongoing national cohort study (Persian Cohort) were approached to complete a pre-structured questionnaire in 2017. Time preferences were measured using a standard choice-based method. The individuals' discount rates were identified by questions that offered binary monetary choices on immediate future and distant future, by making trade-offs between them. Probit regression model was used to investigate the relationship between time preferences and smoking when controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables. RESULTS Time and risk preferences had statistically significant direct correlations with smoking. A unit increase in discount rate was associated with a 4.4% percentage point increase in the likelihood of being smoker. A present-biased individual had 5.7% percentage points lower likelihood of being smoker. Moreover, a unit increase in willingness to take the risk increased the likelihood of being a smoker by 1.5% percentage points. CONCLUSION Time and risk preferences are important determinants of smoking behavior. These factors should be considered in designing effective prevention and control programs. Policies that increase the immediate costs of cigarette smoking or the immediate benefits of smoking cessation are likely to have a greater impact on reducing the prevalence of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem SOOFI
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali AKBARI SARI
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid NAJAFI
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Shuval K, Fennis BM, Li Q, Grinstein A, Morren M, Drope J. Health & Wealth: is weight loss success related to monetary savings in U.S. adults of low-income? Findings from a National Study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1538. [PMID: 31752798 PMCID: PMC6868859 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many individuals aspire to attain various goals in life, such as committing to a healthful diet to slim down or saving for retirement to enhance future welfare. While these behaviors (weight loss and saving) share the common denominator of self-regulation, it is unclear whether success in one domain is related to the other. Therefore, we examined the relationship between long term weight loss (LTWL) success and monetary savings among U.S. adults who at one point in life diverged from normal weight status. METHODS Data on 1994 adults with a maximum BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and with an annual household income equal or less than 200% poverty level. Data were derived from a U.S. population-based study (NHANES). The independent variable was LTWL success (loss maintained for at least 1 year), which was operationalized as < 10% (reference group), 10.00-19.99%, and ≥ 20.00%. The dependent variable was monetary savings (e.g., 401 K), defined as a 3-category ordinal variable. We employed ordered logistic regression to estimate the relationship between LTWL success and increased odds for higher overall savings. RESULTS Multivariable analysis revealed that adjusting for income, education and other covariates, being in the highest LTWL category (≥20.00%) significantly reduced the likelihood of monetary savings in comparison to the reference group (OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.34-0.91). This relationship was not observed in the lower LTWL category (10.00-19.99%). CONCLUSIONS Adults who in the past were overweight or obese and who presently exhibit high levels of LTWL, were markedly less successful when it came to their finances. This might stem from significant cognitive-affective resources exerted during the weight loss process coupled with a paucity of financial resources which impede financial decision making. This supposition, however, warrants future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Shuval
- Economic and Health Policy Research Program, Department of Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Bob M Fennis
- Department of Marketing, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,School of Marketing and International Business, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Qing Li
- Economic and Health Policy Research Program, Department of Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amir Grinstein
- D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Morren
- Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- Economic and Health Policy Research Program, Department of Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Narisada A, Suzuki K. Association between procrastination, white-collar work and obesity in Japanese male workers: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029931. [PMID: 31740465 PMCID: PMC6887083 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations among procrastination (time inconsistency), work environment and obesity-related factors in Japanese male workers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Data were collected at two work sites of Japanese electronics manufacturing company in 2015. PARTICIPANTS 795 full-time male workers in a Japanese electric company, aged 35-64 years, who underwent health checkups in 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index (BMI), adult weight change, obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), adult weight gain over 10 kg (AWG10) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of procrastination assessed by using a one-item questionnaire and white-collar and blue-collar work with obesity-related factors. RESULTS White-collar workers with high procrastination levels showed positive associations with BMI (B: 0.75, 95% CI 0.06 to 1.44) and adult weight change (B: 1.77, 95% CI 0.26 to 3.29), and had increased odds of AWG10 (OR: 1.85, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.29) and MetS (OR: 2.29 95% CI 1.18 to 4.44) after adjustment for age, education, work-related factors and lifestyle factors. However, such positive associations were not observed among blue-collar workers. CONCLUSIONS Procrastination and white-collar work might have a joint effect on weight gain during adulthood and consequential obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Narisada
- Institute for Occupational Health Science, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Institute for Occupational Health Science, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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Appelhans BM, Tangney CC, French SA, Crane MM, Wang Y. Delay discounting and household food purchasing decisions: The SHoPPER study. Health Psychol 2019; 38:334-342. [PMID: 30896220 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delay discounting is a neurocognitive trait that has been linked to poor nutritional health and obesity, but its role in specific dietary choices is unclear. This study tested whether individual differences in delay discounting are related to the healthfulness of household food purchases and reliance on nonstore food sources such as restaurants. METHOD The food purchases of 202 primary household food shoppers were objectively documented for 14 days through a food receipt collection and analysis protocol. The nutrient content of household food purchases was derived for each participant, and the overall diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015) and energy density (kcal/g) of foods and beverages were calculated. The proportion of energy from nonstore food sources was also derived. Delay discounting was assessed with a choice task featuring hypothetical monetary rewards. RESULTS Data were available for 12,624 foods and beverages purchased across 2,340 shopping episodes. Approximately 13% of energy was purchased from restaurants and other nonstore food sources. Steeper discounting rates were associated with lower overall Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores and a higher energy density (kcal/g) of purchased foods. Associations were attenuated but remained statistically significant when accounting for body mass index and sociodemographic variables. Discounting rates were unrelated to reliance on nonstore food sources or the energy density of purchased beverages. CONCLUSIONS Delay discounting is related to the healthfulness of food purchases among primary household shoppers. As food purchasing is a key antecedent of dietary intake, delay discounting may be a viable target in dietary and weight management interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone A French
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Melissa M Crane
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
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Karl FM, Holle R, Schwettmann L, Peters A, Laxy M. Time preference, outcome expectancy, and self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patient Prefer Adherence 2018; 12:1937-1945. [PMID: 30288034 PMCID: PMC6163016 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s175045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient self-management is crucial to prevent complications and mortality in type 2 diabetes. From an economic perspective, time preference predicts short-sighted decision making and thus might help to explain non-adherence to self-anagement recommendations. However, recent studies on this association have shown mixed results. PURPOSE In this study, we tested whether the combination of time preference and outcome expectancy can improve the predictions of self-management behavior. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 665 patients with type 2 diabetes were obtained from the cross-sectional KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) GEFU 4 study. Time preference and outcome expectancy were measured by one question each, which were answered on a 4-point Likert scale. Their association with six self-managing behaviors was tested in logistic and linear regression analyses. Likewise, we examined the association between self-management and the interaction of outcome expectancy and time preference. RESULTS A high time preference was associated with a significantly lower sum of self-management behaviors (β=-0.29, 95% CI [-0.54, -0.04]). Higher outcome expectancy was associated with a higher self-management score (β=0.21, 95% CI [-0.03, 0.45]). The interaction model showed that low time preference was only associated with better self-management when combined with a high outcome expectancy (β=0.05, 95% CI [-0.28, 0.39] vs β=0.27, 95% CI [-0.09, 0.63]). CONCLUSION Time preference and outcome expectancy are interrelated predictors of patient self-management and could be used to identify and to intervene on patients with a potentially poor self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Karl
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,
| | - Rolf Holle
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,
| | - Lars Schwettmann
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Laxy
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,
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Muñoz Torrecillas MJ, Cruz Rambaud S, Takahashi T. Self-Control in Intertemporal Choice and Mediterranean Dietary Pattern. Front Public Health 2018; 6:176. [PMID: 29963545 PMCID: PMC6013565 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Mediterranean Diet (hereinafter MD) is considered a healthy dietary pattern. Adherence to this pattern can be assessed by means of the KIDMED test by which individuals are assigned an index and classified into three groups of adherence to MD: high, medium, and low. In addition, impulsivity or impatience in intertemporal choice has been defined as a strong preference for small immediate rewards over large delayed ones. Objective: This study examines the relationship between dietary habits, specifically Mediterranean dietary pattern, measured by the KIDMED index, and the exhibited impatience in intertemporal choices, by means of the parameter k (discount rate of the hyperbolic discount function). Methods: A sample of 207 university students answered a questionnaire based on two tests: the KIDMED test, to assess the degree of adherence to MD, and an intertemporal choice questionnaire, to assess impatience or impulsivity. Individuals were grouped depending on their KIDMED score and then the discount rate or impulsivity parameter was calculated for each group. Results: Discount rates were inversely related to the degree of adherence to MD. The values of overall k were 1.53, 1.91, and 3.71% for the groups exhibiting high, medium and low adherence to MD, respectively. We also found higher k-values for larger rewards (magnitude effect) in the three groups. Conclusion: High adherence to MD is related to less steep time discounting, which implies less impulsivity (more self-control) or lower discount rates. Conversely, low adherence to MD is related to steeper time discounting, which implies impulsivity or higher discount rates. These findings could be used to identify the target population where policy interventions are needed in order to promote healthier diet habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taiki Takahashi
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Appelhans BM, French SA, Olinger T, Bogucki M, Janssen I, Avery-Mamer EF, Powell LM. Leveraging delay discounting for health: Can time delays influence food choice? Appetite 2018; 126:16-25. [PMID: 29551401 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Delay discounting, the tendency to choose smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards, is theorized to promote consumption of immediately rewarding but unhealthy foods at the expense of long-term weight maintenance and nutritional health. An untested implication of delay discounting models of decision-making is that selectively delaying access to less healthy foods may promote selection of healthier (immediately available) alternatives, even if they may be less desirable. The current study tested this hypothesis by measuring healthy versus regular vending machine snack purchasing before and during the implementation of a 25-s time delay on the delivery of regular snacks. Purchasing was also examined under a $0.25 discount on healthy snacks, a $0.25 tax on regular snacks, and the combination of both pricing interventions with the 25-s time delay. Across 32,019 vending sales from three separate vending locations, the 25-s time delay increased healthy snack purchasing from 40.1% to 42.5%, which was comparable to the impact of a $0.25 discount (43.0%). Combining the delay and the discount had a roughly additive effect (46.0%). However, the strongest effects were seen under the $0.25 tax on regular snacks (53.7%) and the combination of the delay and the tax (50.2%). Intervention effects varied substantially between vending locations. Importantly, time delays did not harm overall vending sales or revenue, which is relevant to the real-world feasibility of this intervention. More investigation is needed to better understand how the impact of time delays on food choice varies across populations, evaluate the effects of time delays on beverage vending choices, and extend this approach to food choices in contexts other than vending machines. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02359916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St., Suite 470, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd., Suite 400, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Simone A French
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Tamara Olinger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St., Suite 470, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | | | - Imke Janssen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St., Suite 470, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Avery-Mamer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W. Van Buren St., Suite 470, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lisa M Powell
- Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 923, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Stoklosa M, Shuval K, Drope J, Tchernis R, Pachucki M, Yaroch A, Harding M. The intergenerational transmission of obesity: The role of time preferences and self-control. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2018; 28:92-106. [PMID: 29294461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found that impatient time preferences and self-control problems (present bias) are related to increased obesity risk. However, scant evidence exists pertaining to whether parents' impatience and self-control problems impact the obesity status of their children, too. Accordingly, we explore this study question among a large national sample of US adults and their children. Study results confirm previous findings indicating that intertemporal preferences are related to adults' obesity status. Moreover, these results extend the literature by finding that children of impatient or present-biased parents have a significantly higher likelihood of being obese, too. Specifically, parents' low levels of patience and present bias were each independently related to a five-percentage point increase in the likelihood of obesity of their children. These findings were more pronounced when all children were combined in analyses and for the first child; however, they varied for the second and third child. Thus, findings suggest that parents' time preferences and self-control problems likely affect not only their own weight status but that of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stoklosa
- Economic and Health Policy Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St., Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Kerem Shuval
- Economic and Health Policy Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St., Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- Economic and Health Policy Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St., Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Rusty Tchernis
- Department of Economics, Georgia State University, 14 Marietta St. NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Mark Pachucki
- Computational Social Science Institute, University of Massachusetts, 40 Campus Center Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, 200 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Amy Yaroch
- The Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 8401 W Dodge Rd., Omaha, NE, 68114, USA
| | - Matthew Harding
- Department of Economics, University of California, Irvine, 3151 Social Science Plaza, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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