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Priyam A, Seth P, Mishra J, Manna PK, Singh PP. Occupational safety assessment of biogenic urea nanofertilisers using in vitro pulmonary, and in vivo ocular models. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21623. [PMID: 38027743 PMCID: PMC10660040 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are now gaining popularity to be used in agriculture as fertilisers to reduce the dose of conventional fertilisers and enhance nutrient use efficiency. Urea has found its application as a conventional nitrogenous fertiliser since long, however, the nutrient use efficiency of the bulk form of urea is low due to issues related to ammonia volatilisation. This study proposes a biogenic synthesis route to develop urea nanoparticles that can be used as nano-fertiliser for better uptake and hence improved nutrient efficiency. Large scale production and widespread application of these nano-fertilisers to the agricultural fields will enhance the direct exposure to workers and farmers. Therefore, the occupational safety evaluation becomes critical. In this study, we report a new method for synthesis of urea nanoparticles (TNU, absolute size: 12.14 ± 7.79 nm) followed by nano-safety evaluation. Herein, the pulmonary and ocular compatibilities of TNU were investigated in vitro and in vivo respectively. The assay for cellular mitochondrial activity was carried out on human lung fibroblasts (WI-38) under varied TNU exposure concentrations up to 72 h. The acute biocompatibility effect, ocular irritation and sub-lethal effects were measured on New Zealand Rabbit. The results show that TNU do not exhibit any cytotoxicity and detrimental cell mitochondrial activity up to the highest tested concentration of 1000 μg/mL and 72 h of testing. The animal experiment results also show that neither acute nor sub-lethal toxic effects can be detected after TNU ocular instillation up to 21 days when tested up to environmentally relevant concentration of 15 μg/mL. These results suggest the occupational safety of biogenic urea nanoparticles and support its application as nanofertiliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Priyam
- National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
- IMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3217, Australia
| | - Prerna Seth
- National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Jibananda Mishra
- AAL Biosciences Research Pvt. Ltd., Panchkula, Haryana, 134109, India
| | - Palash Kumar Manna
- National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Pushplata Prasad Singh
- National Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Agricultural Nanotechnology, TERI - Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, 110003, India
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Carlin M, Garrido M, Sosa S, Tubaro A, Prato M, Pelin M. In vitro assessment of skin irritation and corrosion properties of graphene-related materials on a 3D epidermis. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14423-14438. [PMID: 37623815 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of graphene-related materials (GRMs) in many technological applications, ranging from electronics to biomedicine, needs a careful evaluation of their impact on human health. Skin contact can be considered one of the most relevant exposure routes to GRMs. Hence, this study is focused on two main adverse outcomes at the skin level, irritation and corrosion, assessed following two specific Test Guidelines (TGs) defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (439 and 431, respectively) that use an in vitro 3D reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) model. After the evaluation of their suitability to test a large panel of powdered GRMs, it was found that the latter were not irritants or corrosive. Only GRMs prepared with irritant surfactants, not sufficiently removed, reduced RhE viability at levels lower than those predicting skin irritation (≤50%, after 42 min exposure followed by 42 h recovery), but not at levels lower than those predicting corrosion (<50%, after 3 min exposure or <15% after 1 h exposure). As an additional readout, a hierarchical clustering analysis on a panel of inflammatory mediators (interleukins: IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18; tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin E2) released by RhE exposed to these materials supported the lack of irritant and pro-inflammatory properties. Overall, these results demonstrate that both TGs are useful in assessing GRMs for their irritant or corrosion potential, and that the tested materials did not cause these adverse effects at the skin level. Only GRMs prepared using toxic surfactants, not adequately removed, turned out to be skin irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Carlin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Marina Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvio Sosa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 22, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Sanyal S, Ravula V. Mitigation of pesticide-mediated ocular toxicity via nanotechnology-based contact lenses: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28904-z. [PMID: 37542697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The xenobiotic stress exerted by pesticides leads to the deterioration of human and animal health including ocular health. Acute or prolonged exposure to these agricultural toxicants has been implicated in a number of pathological conditions of the eye such as irritation, epiphora or hyper-lacrimation, abrasions on the ocular surface, and decreased visual acuity. The issue is compounded by the fact that tissues of the eye absorb pesticides faster than other organs of the body and are more susceptible to damage as well. However, there is a lacuna in our knowledge regarding the ways by which pesticide exposure-mediated ocular insult might be counteracted. Topical instillation of drugs known to combat the pesticide induced toxicity has been explored to mitigate the detrimental impact of pesticide exposure. However, topical eye drop solutions exhibit very low bioavailability and limited drug residence duration in the tear film decreasing their efficacy. Contact lenses have been explored in this respect to increase bioavailability of ocular drugs, while nanoparticles have lately been utilized to increase drug bioavailability and increase drug residence duration in different tissues. The current review focuses on drug delivery and futuristic aspects of corneal protection from ocular toxicity using contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sanyal
- Laboratory of Self Assembled Biomaterials and Translational Science, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (DBT-inStem), GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India.
| | - Venkatesh Ravula
- Laboratory of Self Assembled Biomaterials and Translational Science, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (DBT-inStem), GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
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Wang Y, Yin N, Yang R, Faiola F. Pollution effects on retinal health: A review on current methodologies and findings. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:336-344. [PMID: 37160417 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231174072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In our daily life, we are exposed to numerous industrial chemicals that may be harmful to the retina, which is a delicate and sensitive part of our eyes. This could lead to irreversible changes and cause retinal diseases or blindness. Current retinal environmental health studies primarily utilize animal models, isolated mammalian retinas, animal- or human-derived retinal cells, and retinal organoids, to address both pre- and postnatal exposure. However, as there is limited toxicological information available for specific populations, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-induced models could be effective tools to supplement such data. In order to obtain more comprehensive and reliable toxicological information, we need more appropriate models, novel evaluation methods, and computational technologies to develop portable equipment. This review mainly focused on current toxicology models with particular emphasis on retinal organoids, and it looks forward to future models, analytical methods, and equipment that can efficiently and accurately evaluate retinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Khalid A, Yi W, Yoo S, Abbas S, Si J, Hou X, Hou J. Single-chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through chromatography and its potential biological applications. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04056e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gel chromatography is used to separate single-chirality and selective-diameter SWCNTs. We also explore the use of photothermal therapy and biosensor applications based on single-chirality, selected-diameter, and unique geometric shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khalid
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Wenhui Yi
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Sweejiang Yoo
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Shakeel Abbas
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jinhai Si
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Information Photonic Technology of Shaanxi & Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
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Assessment of Pristine Carbon Nanotubes Toxicity in Rodent Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315343. [PMID: 36499665 PMCID: PMC9739793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are increasingly used in nanomedicine and material chemistry research, mostly because of their small size over a large surface area. Due to their properties, they are very attractive candidates for use in medicine and as drug carriers, contrast agents, biological platforms, and so forth. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may affect many organs, directly or indirectly, so there is a need for toxic effects evaluation. The main mechanisms of toxicity include oxidative stress, inflammation, the ability to damage DNA and cell membrane, as well as necrosis and apoptosis. The research concerning CNTs focuses on different animal models, functionalization, ways of administration, concentrations, times of exposure, and a variety of properties, which have a significant effect on toxicity. The impact of pristine CNTs on toxicity in rodent models is being increasingly studied. However, it is immensely difficult to compare obtained results since there are no standardized tests. This review summarizes the toxicity issues of pristine CNTs in rodent models, as they are often the preferred model for human disease studies, in different organ systems, while considering the various factors that affect them. Regardless, the results showed that the majority of toxicological studies using rodent models revealed some toxic effects. Even with different properties, carbon nanotubes were able to generate inflammation, fibrosis, or biochemical changes in different organs. The problem is that there are only a small amount of long-term toxicity studies, which makes it impossible to obtain a good understanding of later effects. This article will give a greater overview of the situation on toxicity in many organs. It will allow researchers to look at the toxicity of carbon nanotubes in a broader context and help to identify studies that are missing to properly assess toxicity.
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Yang C, Yang J, Lu A, Gong J, Yang Y, Lin X, Li M, Xu H. Nanoparticles in ocular applications and their potential toxicity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:931759. [PMID: 35911959 PMCID: PMC9334523 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.931759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been developed rapidly in recent decades and widely applied in ocular disease therapy. Nano-drug delivery systems overcome the bottlenecks of current ophthalmic drug delivery and are characterized with strong biocompatibility, stability, efficiency, sustainability, controllability, and few side effects. Nanoparticles have been identified as a promising and generally safe ophthalmic drug-delivery system based on the toxicity assessment in animals. Previous studies have found that common nanoparticles can be toxic to the cornea, conjunctiva, and retina under certain conditions. Because of the species differences between humans and animals, advanced in vitro cell culture techniques, such as human organoids, can mimic the human organism to a certain extent, bringing nanoparticle toxicity assessment to a new stage. This review summarizes the advanced application of nanoparticles in ocular drug delivery and the potential toxicity, as well as some of the current challenges and future opportunities in nanotoxicological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ao Lu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxing Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Minghui Li, ; Haiwei Xu,
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Minghui Li, ; Haiwei Xu,
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Vijayalakshmi V, Sadanandan B, Venkataramanaiah Raghu A. Single walled carbon nanotubes in high concentrations is cytotoxic to the human neuronal cell LN18. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Wei C, Song J, Tan H. A paintable ophthalmic adhesive with customizable properties based on symmetrical/asymmetrical cross-linking. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7522-7533. [PMID: 34643623 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In situ and efficient incision sealing for ophthalmic surgery remains unresolved. Current commercially available gel adhesives often suffer from unsuitable gelation time, difficulty in micro-delivery, and mismatched degradation period, leading to difficulties for application in ocular tissue areas. Herein, a novel hydrogel adhesive was developed based on the simultaneous crosslinking of poly(lysine) (PLL) and lysine (Lys) with an end-modified active ester multi-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) via the amidation reaction, where the residual terminal active ester of PEG can also bond to amino groups on tissue to provide strong adhesion. Due to the different molecular structures around their amino groups, PLL and Lys can crosslink with 4-arm-PEG-NHS (active ester) respectively, to form symmetrical and asymmetrical crosslinking networks, which exhibit various mechanical properties. Therefore, just by adjusting PLL/Lys ratios, the PEG-PLL-Lys hydrogel can easily possess a suitable gelation time, appropriate mechanical properties and matched degradation rate. As a result, a paintable, readily accessible and biocompatible ophthalmic tissue adhesive (sealant) is prepared for sealing ocular tissue incision. Considering the simple strategy and outstanding performance, the PEG-PLL-Lys hydrogel is promising for clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Wei
- Shanghai Qisheng Biological Preparation Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201106, China.
| | - Jialin Song
- Shanghai Qisheng Biological Preparation Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201106, China.
| | - Haoqi Tan
- Shanghai Qisheng Biological Preparation Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201106, China.
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Shah P, Lalan M, Jani D. Toxicological Aspects of Carbon Nanotubes, Fullerenes and Graphenes. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:556-564. [PMID: 32938342 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200916143741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines exhibit unbelievable capability in overcoming the hurdles faced in biological applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene-family nanomaterials and fullerenes are a class of engineered nanoparticles that have emerged as a new option for possible use in drug/gene delivery for life-threatening diseases. Their adaptability to pharmaceutical applications has opened new vistas for biomedical applications. Successful applications of this family of engineered nanoparticles in various fields may not support their use in medicine due to inconsistent data on toxicity as well as the lack of a centralized toxicity database. Inconsistent toxicological studies and lack of mechanistic understanding have been the reasons for limited understanding of their toxicological aspects. These nanoparticles, when underivatized or pristine, are considered as safe, however less reactive. The derivatized forms or functionalization changes their chemistry significantly to modify their biological effects including toxicity. They can cause acute and long term injuries in tissues by penetration through the the blood-air barrier, blood-alveolus barrier, blood-brain barrier, and blood-placenta barrier. and by accumulating in the lung, liver, and spleen . The toxicological effects are manifested through inflammatory response, DNA damage, apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Other factors that largely influence the toxicity of carbon nanotubes, graphenes and fullerenes are the concentration, functionalization, dimensional and surface topographical factors. Thus, a better understanding of the toxicity profile of CNTs, graphene-family nanomaterials and fullerenes in humans, animals and the environment is of significant importance, to improve their biological safety, to facilitate their wide biological application and for the successful commercial application. The exploration of appropriate cell lines to investigate specific receptors and intracellular targets as well as chronic toxicity beyond the proof-of-concept is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Shah
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Dist: Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Manisha Lalan
- Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, BITS Edu Campus, NH # 8, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat-391247, India
| | - Deepti Jani
- Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, BITS Edu Campus, NH # 8, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat-391247, India
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Omari Shekaftik S, H Shirazi F, Yarahmadi R, Rasouli M, Ashtarinezhad A. Investigating the relationship between occupational exposure to nanomaterials and symptoms of nanotechnology companies' employees. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 77:209-218. [PMID: 33355040 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1863315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing use of nanomaterials in academic and industrial environments has raised concerns about the potential effects of these materials on human and the environment. Researches have shown that occupational exposure to nanomaterials can affect employees' health. Many companies are active in the field of nanotechnology in Iran. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to investigate the relationship between the symptoms of these companies' employees and exposure to nanomaterials. METHODS The study was conducted among employees of 52 nanotechnology companies in Tehran. For this study, the employees of these companies were categorized in two groups: "exposed" and "non-exposed" to nanomaterials. Data collection tools included the NanoTool method form and a nonspecific symptom questionnaire designed and validated by a team of 19 experts in various fields. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS.22 software. RESULTS The results showed that the frequency of cutaneous (such as roughness, itching and redness), respiratory (such as cough, sneezing, and burning throat) and ocular (such as burning, itching and redness) symptoms were higher among the exposed workers to nanomaterials. Examination of the correlation between these symptoms in the two studied groups showed that symptoms with high frequency have a significant relationship with exposure to nanomaterials. CONCLUSIONS Given the high prevalence of some symptoms among the employees of the studied companies and their association with exposure to nanomaterials, it seems necessary to take control measures to reduce the exposure of employees to nanomaterials and consequently reduce the Investigated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soqrat Omari Shekaftik
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad H Shirazi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yarahmadi
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Rasouli
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ashtarinezhad
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kim SH, Lee DH, Lee JH, Yang JY, Shin HS, Lee J, Jung K, Jeong J, Oh JH, Lee JK. Evaluation of the Skin Sensitization Potential of Carbon Nanotubes Using Alternative In Vitro and In Vivo Assays. TOXICS 2020; 8:E122. [PMID: 33339241 PMCID: PMC7767201 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the major types of nanomaterials that have various industrial and biomedical applications. However, there is a risk of accidental exposure to CNTs in individuals involved in their large-scale production and in individuals who use products containing CNTs. This study aimed to evaluate the skin sensitization induced by CNTs using two alternative tests. We selected single-wall carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for this study. First, the physiochemical properties of the CNTs were measured, including the morphology, size, and zeta potential, under various conditions. Thereafter, we assessed the sensitization potential of the CNTs using the ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase KeratinoSens™ assay, an in vitro alternative test method. In addition, the CNTs were evaluated for their skin sensitization potential using the LLNA: BrdU-FCM in vivo alternative test method. In this study, we report for the first time the sensitization results of CNTs using the KeratinoSens™ and LLNA: BrdU-FCM test methods in this study. This study found that both CNTs do not induce skin sensitization. These results suggest that the KeratinoSens™ and LLNA: BrdU-FCM assay may be useful as alternative assays for evaluating the potential of some nanomaterials that can induce skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (D.H.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.-Y.Y.); (H.-S.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (J.J.); (J.-H.O.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jong Kwon Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea; (D.H.L.); (J.H.L.); (J.-Y.Y.); (H.-S.S.); (J.L.); (K.J.); (J.J.); (J.-H.O.)
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Krishnan A, Rozylowicz K, Kelly SK, Grover P. Hydrophilic Conductive Sponge Sensors for Fast Setup, Low Impedance Bio-potential Measurements. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:3973-3976. [PMID: 33018870 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low electrode-skin impedance can be achieved if the interface has an electrolytic medium that allows the movement of ions across the interface. Maintaining good physical contact of the sensor with the skin is imperative. We propose a novel hydrophilic conductive sponge interface that encapsulates both of these fundamental concepts into an effective physical realization. Our implementation uses a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer doped with conductive carbon nanofibers and cured to form a flexible sponge material that conforms to uneven surfaces, for instance, on parts of the scalp with hair. Our results show that our sponges are able to stay in a hydrated state with a low electrode-skin impedance of around 5kΩ for more than 20 hours. The novelty in our conductive sponges also lies in their versatility: the carbon nanofibers make the electrode effective even when the electrode dries up. The sensors remain conductive with a skin impedance on the order of 20kΩ when dry, which is substantially lower than typical impedance of dry electrodes, and are able to extract alpha wave EEG activity in both wet and dry conditions.
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Hussain Z, Thu HE, Haider M, Khan S, Sohail M, Hussain F, Khan FM, Farooq MA, Shuid AN. A review of imperative concerns against clinical translation of nanomaterials: Unwanted biological interactions of nanomaterials cause serious nanotoxicity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Jiang T, Amadei CA, Gou N, Lin Y, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Toxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs): Effect of Lengths, Functional Groups and Electronic Structures Revealed by a Quantitative Toxicogenomics Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2020; 7:1348-1364. [PMID: 33537148 PMCID: PMC7853656 DOI: 10.1039/d0en00230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a group of widely used carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) with various applications, which raise increasing public concerns associated with their potential toxicological effect and risks on human and ecosystems. In this report, we comprehensively evaluated the nanotoxicity of SWCNTs with their relationship to varying lengths, functional groups and electronic structures, by employing both newly established quantitative toxicogenomics test, as well as conventional phenotypic bioassays. The objective is to reveal potential cellular toxicity and mechanisms of SWCNTs at the molecular level, and to probe their potential relationships with their morphological, surface, and electronic properties. The results indicated that DNA damage and oxidative stress were the dominant mechanisms of action for all SWCNTs and, the toxicity level and characteristics varied with length, surface functionalization and electronic structure. Distinguishable molecular toxicity fingerprints were revealed for the two SWCNTs with varying length, with short SWCNT exhibiting higher toxicity level than the long one. In terms of surface properties, SWCNT functionalization, namely carboxylation and hydroxylation, led to elevated overall toxicity, especially genotoxicity, as compared to unmodified SWCNT. Carboxylated SWCNT induced a greater toxicity than the hydroxylated SWCNT. The nucleus is likely the primary target site for long, short, and carboxylated SWCNTs and mechanical perturbation is likely responsible for the DNA damage, specifically related to degradation of the DNA double helix structure. Finally, dramatically different electronic structure-dependent toxicity was observed with metallic SWCNT exerting much higher toxicity than the semiconducting one that exhibited minimal toxicity among all SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Chad D. Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 220 Hollister Dr., Ithaca, NY 14853
- Corresponding authors: ,
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16
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Mohanta D, Patnaik S, Sood S, Das N. Carbon nanotubes: Evaluation of toxicity at biointerfaces. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:293-300. [PMID: 31929938 PMCID: PMC6951486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a class of carbon allotropes with interesting properties that make them productive materials for usage in various disciplines of nanotechnology such as in electronics equipments, optics and therapeutics. They exhibit distinguished properties viz., strength, and high electrical and heat conductivity. Their uniqueness can be attributed due to the bonding pattern present between the atoms which are very strong and also exhibit high extreme aspect ratios. CNTs are classified as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the basis of number of sidewalls present and the way they are arranged spatially. Application of CNTs to improve the performance of many products, especially in healthcare, has led to an occupational and public exposure to these nanomaterials. Hence, it becomes a major concern to analyze the issues pertaining to the toxicity of CNTs and find the best suitable ways to counter those challenges. This review summarizes the toxicity issues of CNTs in vitro and in vivo in different organ systems (bio interphases) of the body that result in cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashish Mohanta
- Department of Biotechnology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Soma Patnaik
- Department of Biotechnology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sanchit Sood
- Department of Biotechnology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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17
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Zhu S, Gong L, Li Y, Xu H, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials to Eyes: An Important but Neglected Issue. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802289. [PMID: 31453052 PMCID: PMC6702629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The production and application of nanomaterials have grown tremendously during last few decades. The widespread exposure of nanoparticles to the public is provoking great concerns regarding their toxicity to the human body. However, in comparison with the extensive studies carried out to examine nanoparticle toxicity to the human body/organs, one especially vulnerable organ, the eye, is always neglected. Although it is a small part of the body, 90% of outside information is obtained via the ocular system. In addition, eyes usually directly interact with the surrounding environment, which may get severer damage from toxic nanoparticles compared to inner organs. Therefore, the study of assessing the potential nanoparticle toxicity to the eyes is of great importance. Here, the recent advance of some representative manufactured nanomaterials on ocular toxicity is summarized. First, a brief introduction of ocular anatomy and disorders related to particulate matter exposure is presented. Following, the factors that may influence toxicity of nanoparticles to the eye are emphasized. Next, the studies of representative manufactured nanoparticles on eye toxicity are summarized and classified. Finally, the limitations that are associated with current nanoparticle-eye toxicity research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Linji Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yijian Li
- Southwest Eye HospitalSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Eye HospitalSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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18
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Palmer BC, Phelan-Dickenson SJ, DeLouise LA. Multi-walled carbon nanotube oxidation dependent keratinocyte cytotoxicity and skin inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:3. [PMID: 30621720 PMCID: PMC6323751 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of carbon nanotubes on skin toxicity have not been extensively studied; however, our lab has previously shown that a carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exacerbates the 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene induced contact hypersensitivity response in mice. Here we examine the role of carboxylation in MWCNT skin toxicity. RESULTS MWCNTs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, zetasizer, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to fully characterize the physical properties. Two MWCNTs with different levels of surface carboxylation were chosen for further testing. The MWCNTs with a high level of carboxylation displayed increased cytotoxicity in a HaCaT keratinocyte cell line, compared to the MWCNTs with intermediate levels of carboxylation. However, neither functionalized MWCNT increased the level of in vitro reactive oxygen species suggesting an alternative mechanism of cytotoxicity. Each MWCNT was tested in the contact hypersensitivity model, and only the MWCNTs with greater than 20% surface carboxylation exacerbated the ear swelling responses. Analysis of the skin after MWCNT exposure reveals that the same MWCNTs with a high level of carboxylation increase epidermal thickness, mast cell and basophil degranulation, and lead to increases in polymorphonuclear cell recruitment when co-administered with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here suggest that acute, topical application of low doses of MWCNTs can induce keratinocyte cytotoxicity and exacerbation of allergic skin conditions in a carboxylation dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Palmer
- 0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Sarah J. Phelan-Dickenson
- 0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- 0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA ,0000 0004 1936 9174grid.16416.34Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 9166grid.412750.5University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 697, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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Ajdary M, Moosavi MA, Rahmati M, Falahati M, Mahboubi M, Mandegary A, Jangjoo S, Mohammadinejad R, Varma RS. Health Concerns of Various Nanoparticles: A Review of Their in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8090634. [PMID: 30134524 PMCID: PMC6164883 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, cytotoxic effects of NPs on normal cells and living organs is a severe limiting factor that hinders their use in clinic. In addition, diversity of NPs and their physico-chemical properties, including particle size, shape, surface area, dispersity and protein corona effects are considered as key factors that have a crucial impact on their safe or toxicological behaviors. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs are aimed to identify the targets and mechanisms of their side effects, with a focus on elucidating the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in both in vitro and in vitro models. NPs can enter the body through inhalation, skin and digestive routes. Consequently, there is a need for reliable information about effects of NPs on various organs in order to reveal their efficacy and impact on health. This review covers the existing knowledge base on the subject that hopefully prepares us better to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Ajdary
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1449614525, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P.O Box 14965/161, Iran.
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 13145-158, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branches, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran P.O. Box 1916893813, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahboubi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan P.O. Box 517, Iran.
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 1355576169, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 7616911319, Iran.
| | - Saranaz Jangjoo
- School of Medicine, International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman P.O. Box 1355576169, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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20
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Kim T, Cho M, Yu KJ. Flexible and Stretchable Bio-Integrated Electronics Based on Carbon Nanotube and Graphene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1163. [PMID: 29986539 PMCID: PMC6073353 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Scientific and engineering progress associated with increased interest in healthcare monitoring, therapy, and human-machine interfaces has rapidly accelerated the development of bio-integrated multifunctional devices. Recently, compensation for the cons of existing materials on electronics for health care systems has been provided by carbon-based nanomaterials. Due to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties, these materials provide benefits such as improved flexibility and stretchability for conformal integration with the soft, curvilinear surfaces of human tissues or organs, while maintaining their own unique functions. This review summarizes the most recent advanced biomedical devices and technologies based on two most popular carbon based materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. In the beginning, we discuss the biocompatibility of CNTs and graphene by examining their cytotoxicity and/or detrimental effects on the human body for application to bioelectronics. Then, we scrutinize the various types of flexible and/or stretchable substrates that are integrated with CNTs and graphene for the construction of high-quality active electrode arrays and sensors. The convergence of these carbon-based materials and bioelectronics ensures scalability and cooperativity in various fields. Finally, future works with challenges are presented in bio-integrated electronic applications with these carbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taemin Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Myeongki Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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21
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Ema M, Takehara H, Naya M, Kataura H, Fujita K, Honda K. Length effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on pulmonary toxicity after intratracheal instillation in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:367-378. [PMID: 28496043 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effects of the length of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on pulmonary toxicity in rats. Each rat received a single intratracheal instillation of short (S-) (average length of 0.40 μm) or long (L-) (average length of 2.77 μm) SWCNTs at a dose of 1 mg/kg and was observed for the next 6 months. Neither S- nor L-SWCNTs affected clinical signs, body weight, or autopsy findings. An increase in lung weight was observed after instillation of S- or L-SWCNTs; however, lung weights were slightly higher in the rats that were administered the S-SWCNTs. Distinct differences in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) composition were observed between the S- and L-SWCNT-treated rats as early as 7 days after the intratracheal instillations of the SWCNTs. The S-SWCNTs caused persistent lung injury and inflammation during the 6-month observational period. However, the L-SWCNTs induced minimal lung injury and inflammation. Although the S- and L-SWCNTs changed BALF parameters and histopathological features of the lung, the magnitudes of the changes observed after the S-SWCNT treatment were greater than the respective changes observed after the L-SWCNT treatment. These findings indicate that the severity of the pulmonary toxicity caused after intratracheal instillation of SWCNT depends on the length of the SWCNTs. It appears that shorter SWCNTs induce greater pulmonary toxicity than longer SWCNTs do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ema
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).,Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC)
| | - Hiroshi Takehara
- Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, BioSefety Research Center (BSRC)
| | - Masato Naya
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hiromichi Kataura
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).,Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC)
| | - Kazumasa Honda
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).,Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC)
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22
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Zhao JH, Zhang QB, Liu B, Piao XH, Yan YL, Hu XG, Zhou K, Zhang YT, Feng NP. Enhanced immunization via dissolving microneedle array-based delivery system incorporating subunit vaccine and saponin adjuvant. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4763-4772. [PMID: 28740383 PMCID: PMC5503490 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To enhance the immunogenicity of the model subunit vaccine, ovalbumin (OVA) was combined with platycodin (PD), a saponin adjuvant. To reduce the toxicity of PD, OVA, and adjuvant were loaded together into liposomes before being incorporated into a dissolving microneedle array. Methods OVA- and PD-loaded liposomes (OVA-PD-Lipos) were prepared using the film dispersion method. Their uptake behavior, toxicity to mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs), and hemolytic activity to rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) were evaluated. The OVA-PD-Lipos were incorporated into a dissolving microneedle array. The chemical stability of OVA and the physical stability of OVA-PD-Lipos in microneedle arrays were investigated. The immune response of Institute of Cancer Research mice and potential skin irritation reaction of rabbits to OVA-PD-Lipos-MNs were evaluated. Results The uptake of OVA by mouse BMDCs was greatly enhanced when OVA was prepared as OVA-PD-Lipos, and in this form, the toxicity of PD was dramatically reduced. OVA was chemically stable as OVA-PD-Lipos, when OVA-PD-Lipos was incorporated into a dissolving microneedle array. Institute of Cancer Research mice treated with OVA-PD-Lipos-MNs showed a significantly enhanced immune response. PD combined with OVA elicited a balanced Th1 and Th2 humoral immune response in mice, with minimal irritation in rabbit skin. Conclusion The dissolving microneedle array-based system is a promising delivery vehicle for subunit vaccine and its adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Liu
- Anethesiology Department, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiang-Hua Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ge Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Tai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian-Ping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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23
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Aschberger K, Campia I, Pesudo LQ, Radovnikovic A, Reina V. Chemical alternatives assessment of different flame retardants - A case study including multi-walled carbon nanotubes as synergist. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 101:27-45. [PMID: 28161204 PMCID: PMC5357113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) are a diverse group of chemicals used as additives in a wide range of products to inhibit, suppress, or delay ignition and to prevent the spread of fire. Halogenated FRs (HFRs) are widely used because of their low impact on other material properties and the low loading levels necessary to meet the required flame retardancy. Health and environmental hazards associated with some halogenated FRs have driven research for identifying safer alternatives. A variety of halogen-free FRs are available on the market, including organic (phosphorus and nitrogen based chemicals) and inorganic (metals) materials. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been demonstrated to act as an effective/synergistic co-additive in some FR applications and could thereby contribute to reducing the loading of FRs in products and improving their performance. As part of the FP7 project DEROCA we carried out a chemical alternatives assessment (CAA). This is a methodology for identifying, comparing and selecting safer alternatives to chemicals of concern based on criteria for categorising human and environmental toxicity as well as environmental fate. In the project we assessed the hazard data of different halogen-free FRs to be applied in 5 industrial and consumer products and here we present the results for MWCNT, aluminium diethylphosphinate, aluminium trihydroxide, N-alkoxy hindered amines and red phosphorus compared to the HFR decabromodiphenylether. We consulted the REACH guidance, the criteria of the U.S.-EPA Design for Environment (DfE) and the GreenScreen® Assessment to assess and compare intrinsic properties affecting the hazard potential. A comparison/ranking of exposure reference values such as Derived No Effect Levels (DNELs) showed that FRs of concern are not identified by a low DNEL. A comparison based on hazard designations according to the U.S.-EPA DfE and GreenScreen® for human health endpoints, aquatic toxicity and environmental fate showed that the major differences between FRs of concern and their proposed alternatives are the potential for bioaccumulation and CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic) effects. As most alternatives are inorganic chemicals, persistence (alone) is not a suitable criterion. From our experiences in carrying out a CAA we conclude: i) REACH registration dossiers provide a comprehensive source of hazard information for an alternative assessment. It is important to consider that the presented data is subject to changes and its quality is variable. ii) Correct identification of the chemicals is crucial to retrieve the right data. This can be challenging for mixtures, reaction products or nanomaterials or when only trade names are available. iii) The quality of the data and the practice on how to fill data gaps can have a huge impact on the results and conclusions. iv) Current assessment criteria have mainly been developed for organic chemicals and create challenges when applied to inorganic solids, including nanomaterials. It is therefore crucial to analyse and report uncertainties for each decision making step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Aschberger
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Ivana Campia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Laia Quiros Pesudo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Anita Radovnikovic
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Vittorio Reina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
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24
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Zhao J, Piao X, Shi X, Si A, Zhang Y, Feng N. Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Skin Targeting: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111549. [PMID: 27869698 PMCID: PMC6274358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) exhibit high skin targeting efficiency and good safety. They are promising vehicles for topical drug delivery. This study aims to increase the skin distribution of podophyllotoxin (POD) by incorporating it into NLCs. Two kinds of POD-loaded NLCs (POD-NLCs)—POD-NLCformulation 1 and POD-NLCformulation 2—were prepared and characterized. Their skin targeting efficiencies were compared by conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments. Obviously smaller mean particle size was observed for POD-NLCformulation 1 (106 nm) than POD-NLCformulation 2 (219 nm), whereas relatively low POD loadings (less than 0.5%) were observed for both POD-NLCformulation 1 (0.33%) and POD-NLCformulation 2 (0.49%). Significantly higher in vitro and in vivo rat skin deposit amounts of POD (p ˂ 0.01) were detected after the topical application of POD-NLCformulation 1 compared to POD-NLCformulation 2. To visualize the skin distribution behavior of hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) when NLCs were used as carriers, POD was replaced with Nile red (NR—a hydrophobic fluorescent probe), and the distribution behavior of NR-NLCformulation 1 and NR-NLCformulation 2 in rat skin in vivo was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Higher fluorescent intensity was observed in rat skin after the topical application of NR-NLCformulation 1 than NR-NLCformulation 2, suggesting that higher skin targeting efficiency might be obtained when NLCs with smaller mean particle size were used as carriers for hydrophobic APIs. This result was in accordance with those of skin distribution evaluation experiments of POD-NLCs. Skin irritation property of POD-NLCformulation 1 was investigated and no irritation was observed in intact or damaged rabbit skin, suggesting it is safe for topical use. Our results validated the safety of NLCs when applied topically. More importantly, mean particle size might be an important parameter for formulation optimization when NLCs are used as carriers for hydrophobic APIs for topical application, considering that their loading is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xianghua Piao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Aiyong Si
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Nianping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Occupational dermal exposure to nanoparticles and nano-enabled products: Part I—Factors affecting skin absorption. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:536-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Wu W, Yan L, Wu Q, Li Y, Li Q, Chen S, Yang Y, Gu Z, Xu H, Yin ZQ. Evaluation of the toxicity of graphene oxide exposure to the eye. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1329-40. [PMID: 27385068 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1210692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives are the new carbon nanomaterials with the prospect for great applications in electronics, energy storage, biosensors and medicine. However, little is known about the toxicity of graphene or its derivatives in the case of occasional or repeated ocular exposure. We performed in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) exposure to the eye. Primary human corneal epithelium cells (hCorECs) and human conjunctiva epithelium cells (hConECs) were exposed to GO (12.5-100 μg/mL). Acute GO exposure (2 h) did not induce cytotoxicity to hCorECs. However, short-term GO exposure (24 h) exerted significant cytotoxicity to hCorECs and hConECs with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione (GSH) reduced the GO-induced cytotoxicity. We further performed acute eye irritation tests in albino rabbits according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines, and the rabbits did not exhibit corneal opacity, conjunctival redness, abnormality of the iris, or chemosis at any time point after the instillation of 100 μg/mL of GO. However, 5-day repeated GO exposure (50 and 100 μg/mL) caused reversible mild corneal opacity, conjunctival redness and corneal epithelium damage to Sprague-Dawley rats, which was also alleviated by GSH. Therefore, our study suggests that GO-induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity to hCorECs and hConECs via oxidative stress. Occasional GO exposure did not cause acute eye irritation; short-term repeated GO exposure generally resulted in reversible damage to the eye via oxidative stress, which may be alleviated by the antioxidant GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- a Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China .,b Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing , Chongqing , China , and
| | - Liang Yan
- c Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Qian Wu
- a Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China .,b Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing , Chongqing , China , and
| | - Yijian Li
- a Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China .,b Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing , Chongqing , China , and
| | - Qiyou Li
- a Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China .,b Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing , Chongqing , China , and
| | - Siyu Chen
- a Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China .,b Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing , Chongqing , China , and
| | - Yuli Yang
- a Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China .,b Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing , Chongqing , China , and
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- c Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- a Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China .,b Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing , Chongqing , China , and
| | - Zheng Qin Yin
- a Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China .,b Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing , Chongqing , China , and
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Mehra NK, Cai D, Kuo L, Hein T, Palakurthi S. Safety and toxicity of nanomaterials for ocular drug delivery applications. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:836-60. [PMID: 27027670 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2016.1153165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanomaterials are rapidly emerging for ophthalmic delivery of therapeutics to facilitate safe and effective targeting with improved patient compliance. Because of their extremely high area to volume ratio, nanomaterials often have physicochemical properties that are different from those of their larger counterparts. There exists a complex relationship between the physicochemical properties (composition, size, shape, charge, roughness, and porosity) of the nanomaterials and their interaction with the biological system. The eye is a very sensitive accessible organ and is subjected to intended and unintended exposure to nanomaterials. Currently, various ophthalmic formulations are available in the market, while some are underway in preclinical and clinical phases. However, the data on safety, efficacy, and toxicology of these advanced nanomaterials for ocular drug delivery are sparse. Focus of the present review is to provide a comprehensive report on the safety, biocompatibility and toxicities of nanomaterials in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh K Mehra
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Kingsville , TX , USA
| | - Defu Cai
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Kingsville , TX , USA
| | - Lih Kuo
- b Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple , TX , USA ;,c Department of Surgery and Scott & White Eye Institute, College of Medicine , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple , TX , USA
| | - Travis Hein
- c Department of Surgery and Scott & White Eye Institute, College of Medicine , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Temple , TX , USA
| | - Srinath Palakurthi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , Kingsville , TX , USA
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Ema M, Gamo M, Honda K. A review of toxicity studies of single-walled carbon nanotubes in laboratory animals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74:42-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nakanishi J, Morimoto Y, Ogura I, Kobayashi N, Naya M, Ema M, Endoh S, Shimada M, Ogami A, Myojyo T, Oyabu T, Gamo M, Kishimoto A, Igarashi T, Hanai S. Risk Assessment of the Carbon Nanotube Group. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2015; 35:1940-56. [PMID: 25943334 PMCID: PMC4736668 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the health risks via inhalation and derived the occupational exposure limit (OEL) for the carbon nanotube (CNT) group rather than individual CNT material. We devised two methods: the integration of the intratracheal instillation (IT) data with the inhalation (IH) data, and the "biaxial approach." A four-week IH test and IT test were performed in rats exposed to representative materials to obtain the no observed adverse effect level, based on which the OEL was derived. We used the biaxial approach to conduct a relative toxicity assessment of six types of CNTs. An OEL of 0.03 mg/m(3) was selected as the criterion for the CNT group. We proposed that the OEL be limited to 15 years. We adopted adaptive management, in which the values are reviewed whenever new data are obtained. The toxicity level was found to be correlated with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-specific surface area (BET-SSA) of CNT, suggesting the BET-SSA to have potential for use in toxicity estimation. We used the published exposure data and measurement results of dustiness tests to compute the risk in relation to particle size at the workplace and showed that controlling micron-sized respirable particles was of utmost importance. Our genotoxicity studies indicated that CNT did not directly interact with genetic materials. They supported the concept that, even if CNT is genotoxic, it is secondary genotoxicity mediated via a pathway of genotoxic damage resulting from oxidative DNA attack by free radicals generated during CNT-elicited inflammation. Secondary genotoxicity appears to involve a threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Nakanishi
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH)KitakyushuJapan
| | - Isamu Ogura
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Norihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Environmental ChemistryNational Institute of Health SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Masato Naya
- Public Interest Incorporated Foundation BioSafety Research Center (BSRC)IwataJapan
| | - Makoto Ema
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Shigehisa Endoh
- Research Institute for Environmental Management TechnologyNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaJapan
| | - Manabu Shimada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringHiroshima UniversityHigashihiroshimaJapan
| | - Akira Ogami
- Institute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH)KitakyushuJapan
| | - Toshihiko Myojyo
- Institute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH)KitakyushuJapan
| | - Takako Oyabu
- Institute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH)KitakyushuJapan
| | - Masashi Gamo
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Atsuo Kishimoto
- Policy Alternatives Research Institute, Graduate School of Public Policythe Tokyo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takuya Igarashi
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Sosuke Hanai
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
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30
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Srivastava V, Gusain D, Sharma YC. Critical Review on the Toxicity of Some Widely Used Engineered Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak Gusain
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yogesh Chandra Sharma
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
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31
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Lin WY, Shih YF, Lin CH, Lee CC, Yu YH. The preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly(lactic acid) composites with excellent conductivity. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) consist of a family of carbon built nanoparticles, whose biological effects depend on their physical characteristics and other constitutive chemicals (impurities and functions attached). CNTs are considered the twenty first century material due to their unique physicochemical characteristics and applicability to industrial product. The use of these materials steadily increases worldwide and toxic outcomes need to be studied for each nanomaterial in depth to prevent adverse effects to humans and the environment. Entrance into the body is physical, and usually few nanoparticles enter the body; however, once there, they are persistent due to their limited metabolisms, so their removal is slow, and chronic cumulative health effects are studied. Oxidative stress is the main mechanism of toxicity but size, agglomeration, chirality as well as impurities and functionalization are some of the structural and chemical characteristic contributing to the CNTs toxicity outcomes. Among the many toxicity pathways, interference with cytoskeleton and fibrous mechanisms, cell signaling, membrane perturbations and the production of cytokines, chemokines and inflammation are some of the effects resulting from exposure to CNTs. The aim of this review is to offer an up-to-date scope of the effects of CNTs on biological systems with attention to mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Rodriguez-Yañez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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33
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Gajewicz A, Rasulev B, Dinadayalane TC, Urbaszek P, Puzyn T, Leszczynska D, Leszczynski J. Advancing risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials: application of computational approaches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1663-93. [PMID: 22664229 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology that develops novel materials at size of 100nm or less has become one of the most promising areas of human endeavor. Because of their intrinsic properties, nanoparticles are commonly employed in electronics, photovoltaic, catalysis, environmental and space engineering, cosmetic industry and - finally - in medicine and pharmacy. In that sense, nanotechnology creates great opportunities for the progress of modern medicine. However, recent studies have shown evident toxicity of some nanoparticles to living organisms (toxicity), and their potentially negative impact on environmental ecosystems (ecotoxicity). Lack of available data and low adequacy of experimental protocols prevent comprehensive risk assessment. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge related to the risks of the engineered nanoparticles and to assess the potential of efficient expansion and development of new approaches, which are offered by application of theoretical and computational methods, applicable for evaluation of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gajewicz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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34
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Impact of Nanomaterials on Health and Environment. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-012-0324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Ema M, Matsuda A, Kobayashi N, Naya M, Nakanishi J. Dermal and ocular irritation and skin sensitization studies of fullerene C60nanoparticles. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2012; 32:128-34. [DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2012.727937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Ema M, Masumori S, Kobayashi N, Naya M, Endoh S, Maru J, Hosoi M, Uno F, Nakajima M, Hayashi M, Nakanishi J. In vivo comet assay of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using lung cells of rats intratracheally instilled. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1053-60. [PMID: 22936419 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was evaluated in vivo with comet assays using the lung cells of rats given MWCNTs. The MWCNTs were intratracheally instilled as a single dose at 0.2 or 1.0 mg kg(-1) or a repeated dose at 0.04 or 0.2 mg kg(-1) , once a week for 5 weeks, to male rats. The rats were sacrificed 3 or 24 h after the single instillation and were sacrificed 3 h after the last instillation in the repeated instillation groups. Histopathological examinations of the lungs revealed that MWCNTs caused inflammatory changes including the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils after a single instillation and repeated instillation at both doses. In comet assays using rat lung cells, no changes in % Tail DNA were found in any group given MWCNTs. These findings indicate that MWCNTs do not have the potential to cause DNA damage in comet assays using the lung cells of rats given MWCNTs at doses causing inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ema
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
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37
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Ema M, Imamura T, Suzuki H, Kobayashi N, Naya M, Nakanishi J. Genotoxicity evaluation for single-walled carbon nanotubes in a battery ofin vitroandin vivoassays. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:933-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ema
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Ibaraki; 305-8569; Japan
| | - Tadashi Imamura
- Ina Research Inc.; 2148-188 Nishiminowa; Ina; Nagano; 399-4501; Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Ina Research Inc.; 2148-188 Nishiminowa; Ina; Nagano; 399-4501; Japan
| | - Norihiro Kobayashi
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Ibaraki; 305-8569; Japan
| | - Masato Naya
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Ibaraki; 305-8569; Japan
| | - Junko Nakanishi
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Ibaraki; 305-8569; Japan
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38
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Ema M, Imamura T, Suzuki H, Kobayashi N, Naya M, Nakanishi J. Evaluation of genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 63:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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