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Gao R, Huang Y, Liu D, Pan L, Li G. Preparation of tourmaline/diatomite-based interior wall bricks and kinetics of formaldehyde removal. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oliveira GDS, Nascimento ST, Dos Santos VM, Silva MG. Clove essential oil in the sanitation of fertile eggs. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5509-5516. [PMID: 33142469 PMCID: PMC7647714 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sanitizing fertile eggs with clove essential oil as an alternative to paraformaldehyde; effects on the reduction in eggshell microbial count, incubation yield, and neonatal chick quality were measured. A total of 1,460 brown fertile eggs with a mean weight of 58.64 ± 0.49 g (from 37-wk-old CPK [Pesadão Vermelho] breeder hens) were collected under aseptic conditions and randomly distributed into 4 treatments (nonsanitized and sanitized with grain alcohol, clove essential oil, and paraformaldehyde) before incubation. The count of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria was significantly lower after spraying with clove essential oil (2.30 ± 0.24 log10 CFU/mL) than on nonsanitized eggs (3.49 ± 0.34 log10 CFU/mL) or on eggs sprayed with grain alcohol (3.09 ± 0.14 log10 CFU/mL) but did not differ significantly from the count in the paraformaldehyde group (2.23 ± 0.29 log10 CFU/mL). The hatchability of fertile eggs differed significantly between the studied treatments. The mean values for the eggs treated with clove essential oil (84.69 ± 1.65%) and paraformaldehyde (81.87 ± 3.92%) were statistically similar but were higher than the negative control (74.03 ± 3.58%) and grain alcohol (73.59 ± 2.87%) values. In the Pasgar© score assessment, it was determined that the clove essential oil (9.21 ± 0.89%) had a superior effect on the physical quality of the chicks compared with the effects of the other treatments. Clove essential oil is effective and safe for eggs intended for incubation. Its use as an alternative to paraformaldehyde in the sanitation of fertile eggs is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel da S Oliveira
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAV), University of Brasília, Brasília 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Sheila T Nascimento
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAV), University of Brasília, Brasília 70.910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Vinícius M Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Brasília - Campus Planaltina, Brasília 73.380-900, DF, Brazil.
| | - Marley G Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Federal Institute of Brasília - Campus Gama, Brasília 72.429-005, DF, Brazil
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Mundt KA, Gentry PR, Dell LD, Rodricks JV, Boffetta P. Six years after the NRC review of EPA's Draft IRIS Toxicological Review of Formaldehyde: Regulatory implications of new science in evaluating formaldehyde leukemogenicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 92:472-490. [PMID: 29158043 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shortly after the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that formaldehyde causes leukemia, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its Draft IRIS Toxicological Review of Formaldehyde ("Draft IRIS Assessment"), also concluding that formaldehyde causes leukemia. Peer review of the Draft IRIS Assessment by a National Academy of Science committee noted that "causal determinations are not supported by the narrative provided in the draft" (NRC 2011). They offered recommendations for improving the Draft IRIS assessment and identified several important research gaps. Over the six years since the NRC peer review, significant new science has been published. We identify and summarize key recommendations made by NRC and map them to this new science, including extended analysis of epidemiological studies, updates of earlier occupational cohort studies, toxicological experiments using a sensitive mouse strain, mechanistic studies examining the role of exogenous versus endogenous formaldehyde in bone marrow, and several critical reviews. With few exceptions, new findings are consistently negative, and integration of all available evidence challenges the earlier conclusions that formaldehyde causes leukemia. Given formaldehyde's commercial importance, environmental ubiquity and endogenous production, accurate hazard classification and risk evaluation of whether exposure to formaldehyde from occupational, residential and consumer products causes leukemia are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Mundt
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Environ, Amherst MA, United States.
| | - P Robinan Gentry
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Environ, Amherst MA, United States
| | - Linda D Dell
- Environment and Health, Ramboll Environ, Amherst MA, United States
| | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Tarazona JV, Court-Marques D, Tiramani M, Reich H, Pfeil R, Istace F, Crivellente F. Glyphosate toxicity and carcinogenicity: a review of the scientific basis of the European Union assessment and its differences with IARC. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2723-2743. [PMID: 28374158 PMCID: PMC5515989 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. It is a broad spectrum herbicide and its agricultural uses increased considerably after the development of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified (GM) varieties. Since glyphosate was introduced in 1974, all regulatory assessments have established that glyphosate has low hazard potential to mammals, however, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded in March 2015 that it is probably carcinogenic. The IARC conclusion was not confirmed by the EU assessment or the recent joint WHO/FAO evaluation, both using additional evidence. Glyphosate is not the first topic of disagreement between IARC and regulatory evaluations, but has received greater attention. This review presents the scientific basis of the glyphosate health assessment conducted within the European Union (EU) renewal process, and explains the differences in the carcinogenicity assessment with IARC. Use of different data sets, particularly on long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity in rodents, could partially explain the divergent views; but methodological differences in the evaluation of the available evidence have been identified. The EU assessment did not identify a carcinogenicity hazard, revised the toxicological profile proposing new toxicological reference values, and conducted a risk assessment for some representatives uses. Two complementary exposure assessments, human-biomonitoring and food-residues-monitoring, suggests that actual exposure levels are below these reference values and do not represent a public concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Tarazona
- Pesticides Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Court-Marques
- Pesticides Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Manuela Tiramani
- Pesticides Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Hermine Reich
- Pesticides Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Rudolf Pfeil
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederique Istace
- Pesticides Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Crivellente
- Pesticides Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126, Parma, Italy
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Korowiecka K, Trela M, Tombarkiewicz B, Pawlak K, Niedziółka JW, Swadźba M, Lis MW. Assessment of the effect of selected substances used for disinfection
of hatching eggs on hatching results in chickens. ROCZNIKI NAUKOWE POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA ZOOTECHNICZNEGO 2017. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether egg disinfectants have a toxic effect on the tissues
of the developing chicken embryo. The basic active ingredients of the disinfectants tested were
quaternary ammonium compounds (Amino-Steril); stabilized peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide
(Oxydion); glutaraldehyde, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, quaternary ammonium compounds
and benzyl-C12-C16-alkyldimethyl (Viron FF); and stabilized hydrogen peroxide (Hydro-Clean). The
tests were performed on hatching eggs from Ross 308 parent stock. The potential adverse effects of
aqueous solutions of the disinfectants were tested in vitro using the Hen’s Egg Test – Chorioallantoic
Membrane (HET-CAM). The results were confirmed in in vivo tests by analysing the hatchability of
disinfected eggs. In the in vitro tests, aqueous solutions of the disinfectants with concentrations of
1%, 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.125% were spotted onto previously prepared chorioallantoic membranes of
live eight-day-old chicken embryos (n = 8 embryos/disinfectant/concentration). The toxicity of the
substances was assessed on the basis of the occurrence of hyperaemia, haemorrhage, and coagulation
of the blood vessels of the membrane after 0.5, 2 and 5 minutes, using the 21-point Luepke scale. The
in vivo testing consisted of two experiments conducted under production conditions, using eggs from
flocks in the peak (37th week of life) and the final (54th week) laying periods. The eggs were sprayed
with a 1% aqueous solution of disinfectant (400 eggs/disinfectant/experiment) about 2 hours before
incubation. Hatching results, the stage of embryonic development at the time of death and any cases
of infection were evaluated. The HET-CAM tests showed that the 1% solutions of the disinfectants
induced strong (Hydro-Clean), moderate (Oxydion and Amino-Steril) and weak (Viron FF) reactions,
while the 0.125% concentration produced a weak reaction or none. Analysis of hatching results showed
that they were not affected by the disinfectants. However, in the case of laying hens in their final
production period, spraying with aqueous solutions of each agent reduced losses due to early embryo
mortality. In conclusion, the disinfectants tested can be safely used in poultry hatcheries
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Korowiecka
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare
| | - Magdalena Trela
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare
| | - Barbara Tombarkiewicz
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare
| | - Krzysztof Pawlak
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare
| | - Jerzy W. Niedziółka
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare
| | - Magdalena Swadźba
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare
| | - Marcin W. Lis
- University of Agriculture in Krakow Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Science, Animal Reproduction and Animal Welfare
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