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Monteith H, Checholik C, Galloway T, Sahak H, Shawanda A, Liu C, Hanley AJG. Infant feeding experiences among Indigenous communities in Canada, the United States, Australia, and Aotearoa: a scoping review of the qualitative literature. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1583. [PMID: 38872131 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life, research suggests that breastfeeding initiation rates and duration among Indigenous communities differ from this recommendation. Qualitative studies point to a variety of factors influencing infant feeding decisions; however, there has been no collective review of this literature published to date. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review was to identify and summarize the qualitative literature regarding Indigenous infant feeding experiences within Canada, the United States, Australia, and Aotearoa. METHODS Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses- Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines, in October 2020, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for relevant papers focusing on Indigenous infant feeding experiences. Screening and full-text review was completed by two independent reviewers. A grey literature search was also conducted using country-specific Google searches and targeted website searching. The protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework and published in BMJ Open. RESULTS Forty-six papers from the five databases and grey literature searches were included in the final review and extraction. There were 18 papers from Canada, 11 papers in the US, 9 studies in Australia and 8 studies conducted in Aotearoa. We identified the following themes describing infant feeding experiences through qualitative analysis: colonization, culture and traditionality, social perceptions, family, professional influences, environment, cultural safety, survivance, establishing breastfeeding, autonomy, infant feeding knowledge, and milk substitutes, with family and culture having the most influence on infant feeding experiences based on frequency of themes. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights key influencers of Indigenous caregivers' infant feeding experiences, which are often situated within complex social and environmental contexts with the role of family and culture as essential in supporting caregivers. There is a need for long-term follow-up studies that partner with communities to support sustainable policy and program changes that support infant and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiliary Monteith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Medical, King's College Circle, Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Room 5253A, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Carly Checholik
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga Campus, Terrence Donnelly Health Sciences Complex, Room 354, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Tracey Galloway
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga Campus, Terrence Donnelly Health Sciences Complex, Room 354, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Hosna Sahak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Medical, King's College Circle, Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Room 5253A, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amy Shawanda
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858, chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges, 3rd floor, Montreal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christina Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Medical, King's College Circle, Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Room 5253A, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anthony J G Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Medical, King's College Circle, Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Room 5253A, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Epidemiology Division, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kanichy (Makah) M, Schmidt L, Anderson R, Njau G, Stiffarm (Aaniiih) A, Schmidt M, Stepanov A, Williams A. Examining the Role of Interpersonal Violence in Racial Disparities in Breastfeeding in North Dakota (ND PRAMS 2017-2019). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085445. [PMID: 37107727 PMCID: PMC10138366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 overall breastfeeding initiation rate in the US was 84.1%, yet only 76.6% of American Indian (AI) women initiated breastfeeding. In North Dakota (ND), AI women have greater exposure to interpersonal violence than other racial/ethnic groups. Stress associated with interpersonal violence may interfere with processes important to breastfeeding. We explored whether interpersonal violence partially explains racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding in ND. METHODS Data for 2161 women were drawn from the 2017-2019 ND Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Breastfeeding questions in PRAMS have been tested among diverse populations. Breastfeeding initiation was self-report to "Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby, even for a short period?" (yes/no). Breastfeeding duration (2 months; 6 months) was self-reported how many weeks or months of breastmilk feeding. Interpersonal violence for both 12 months before and during pregnancy based on self-report (yes/no) of violence from a husband/partner, family member, someone else, or ex-husband/partner. An "Any violence" variable was created if participants reported "yes" to any violence. Logistic regression models estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for breastfeeding outcomes among AI and Other Race women compared to White women. Sequential models were adjusted for interpersonal violence (husband/partner, family member, someone else, ex-husband/partner, or any). RESULTS AI women had 45% reduced odds of initiating breastfeeding (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.82) compared to white women. Including interpersonal violence during pregnancy did not change results. Similar patterns were observed for all breastfeeding outcomes and all interpersonal violence exposures. DISCUSSION Interpersonal violence does not explain the disparity in breastfeeding in ND. Considering cultural ties to the tradition of breastfeeding and the role of colonization may provide a better understanding of breastfeeding among AI populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- MichaeLynn Kanichy (Makah)
- Public Health Program, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Road Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Lexie Schmidt
- Public Health Program, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Road Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - RaeAnn Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Road Stop 8380, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Grace Njau
- North Dakota Department of Health & Human Services, 600 East Boulevard Ave, Department 325, Bismarck, ND 58505, USA
| | - Amy Stiffarm (Aaniiih)
- Department of Indigenous Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Road Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Matthew Schmidt
- North Dakota Department of Health & Human Services, 600 East Boulevard Ave, Department 325, Bismarck, ND 58505, USA
| | - Anastasia Stepanov
- North Dakota Department of Health & Human Services, 600 East Boulevard Ave, Department 325, Bismarck, ND 58505, USA
| | - Andrew Williams
- Public Health Program, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Road Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Department of Indigenous Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Road Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Correspondence:
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Brown LL, Talker R, Stoddard GJ, Clayton J, Millar MM, Jo Y, Bardsley T, Stipelman CH. Breastfeeding Attitudes and Practices in a Rural Utah Navajo Community. Matern Child Health J 2021; 26:397-406. [PMID: 34633615 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite known health benefits of breastfeeding, the Navajo have low reported frequency of breastfeeding initiation and support. We evaluated breastfeeding frequencies and practices in the predominately Navajo community of rural San Juan County, Utah, to identify factors that affect breastfeeding decisions and duration. METHODS We performed retrospective chart review for 135 infants aged 0 to 12 months, and surveys of 85 mothers of infants aged 0 to 2 years, and eight primary care providers. We characterized demographic factors using counts/percentages and medians/inter-quartile ranges, and compared mothers who breastfed for 6 months or less versus greater than 6 months. RESULTS In 96 infants with complete feeding documentation, 86 infants (90%) received some breast milk and 36 infants (38%) were exclusively breastfed at age 2 months. In 67 infants with complete feeding documentation at ≥ 6 months, 22 infants (33%) were exclusively breastfed 6 months. Most mothers knew about breastfeeding benefits. In 56 mothers whose infants were aged ≥ 6 months at the time of the survey, breastfeeding for more than 6 months had been planned by 44 mothers (79%) but performed by only 29 mothers (52%). Mothers who breastfed for > 6 months were more likely to have been influenced by WIC and less likely to have introduced formula at an early age. Barriers to breastfeeding included maternal pain, latch difficulties, and concerns about inadequate milk supply. Primary care providers reported limited confidence in providing breastfeeding support but would support telehealth-driven interventions. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Practical, culturally sensitive interventions, including telehealth and improved provider education, may improve breastfeeding outcomes and community health in this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Brown
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, PO Box 581289, Salt Lake City, UT, 84158, USA.
| | - Revina Talker
- Navajo Mountain Community Health Clinic, Utah Navajo Health Services, Inc., P.O. Box 10100, Tonalea, AZ, 86044, USA
| | - Gregory J Stoddard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, Room 4C104, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Jessica Clayton
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, PO Box 581289, Salt Lake City, UT, 84158, USA
| | - Morgan M Millar
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Williams Building, 295 South Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84158, USA
| | - Yeonjung Jo
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Williams Building, 295 South Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84158, USA
| | - Tyler Bardsley
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Williams Building, 295 South Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84158, USA
| | - Carole H Stipelman
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, PO Box 581289, Salt Lake City, UT, 84158, USA
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Louis-Jacques A, Deubel TF, Taylor M, Stuebe AM. Racial and ethnic disparities in U.S. breastfeeding and implications for maternal and child health outcomes. Semin Perinatol 2017. [PMID: 28624126 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Marked racial and ethnic disparities exist in infant feeding in the United States. Based on a review of recent literature, this article examines current discrepancies between the 2020 Healthy People breastfeeding goals and current breastfeeding rates among women from different ethnic groups in the United States. We discuss maternal and child health outcomes associated with breastfeeding, and we review potential causes of racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding outcomes in the United States, especially among non-Hispanic Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latina populations. We conclude with an overview of best practices in interventions aimed to increase U.S. breastfeeding rates, such as adoption of the baby friendly hospital initiative (BHFI) and programs that utilize peer counseling strategies to increase breastfeeding promotion and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetola Louis-Jacques
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 2 Tampa General Circle, 6th Floor, Tampa, FL 33579.
| | - Tara F Deubel
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Melina Taylor
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Alison M Stuebe
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
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Eckhardt CL, Lutz T, Karanja N, Jobe JB, Maupomé G, Ritenbaugh C. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that can influence infant feeding practices in American Indian mothers. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:1587-93. [PMID: 24951434 PMCID: PMC4177320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of healthy infant feeding is increasingly recognized as an important obesity-prevention strategy. This is relevant for American Indian populations that exhibit high levels of obesity and low compliance with infant feeding guidelines. The literature examining the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding infant feeding within the American Indian population is sparse and focuses primarily on breastfeeding, with limited information on the introduction of solid foods and related practices that can be important in an obesity-prevention context. This research presents descriptive findings from a baseline knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs questionnaire on infant feeding and related behaviors administered to mothers (n=438) from five Northwest American Indian tribes that participated in the Prevention of Toddler Overweight and Teeth Health Study (PTOTS). Enrollment occurred during pregnancy or up to 6 months postpartum. The knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs questionnaire focused on themes of breastfeeding/formula feeding and introducing solid foods, with supplemental questions on physical activity. Knowledge questions were multiple choice or true/false. Attitudes and beliefs were assessed on Likert scales. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and percents and means and standard deviations. Most women knew basic breastfeeding recommendations and facts, but fewer recognized the broader health benefits of breastfeeding (eg, reducing diabetes risk) or knew when to introduce solid foods. Women believed breastfeeding to be healthy and perceived their social networks to agree. Attitudes and beliefs about formula feeding and social support were more ambivalent. This work suggests opportunities to increase the perceived value of breastfeeding to include broader health benefits, increase knowledge about solid foods, and strengthen social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L. Eckhardt
- Assistant Professor, Portland State University, School of Community Health, 506 SW Mill Street, Suite 450, Portland, Oregon 97201, Tel: 503-725-4569, Fax: 503-725-5100
| | - Tam Lutz
- Junior Investigator/Project Director, Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board, 2121 SW Broadway, Suite 300, Portland, OR 97201, Tel: 503-416-3271, Fax: 503-228-8182
| | - Njeri Karanja
- Senior Investigator, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, Tel: 503-335-2400, Fax: 503-335-2424
| | - Jared B. Jobe
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH (retired), Home Address (not for publication): 105 Dornoch, Williamsburg, VA 23188, Tel: 757-229-1496, Fax: n/a
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- Professor, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46077, Tel: 317-274-5529, Fax: 317-274-5425
| | - Cheryl Ritenbaugh
- Professor, Department of Family & Community Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1450 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, Tel: 520-626-1033, Fax: 520-626-2030
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Factors that Influence Breastfeeding Decisions among Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Participants from Central Louisiana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 110:624-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kaufman L, Deenadayalan S, Karpati A. Breastfeeding ambivalence among low-income African American and Puerto Rican women in north and central Brooklyn. Matern Child Health J 2009; 14:696-704. [PMID: 19644744 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-009-0499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study explores low-income African American and Puerto Rican women's conceptions and practices around breastfeeding. It examines the impact of such diverse factors as social constructions of the body, local mores around infant care, the practicalities of food availability, in the context of interactions with family members and friends, institutions, and others in women's neighborhoods. The study employed ethnographic methods, including interviews and participant observation, with 28 families in two low-income Brooklyn neighborhoods. While women in this study felt that breastfeeding was the best way to feed their infants, their commitment turned to ambivalence in the face of their perceptions about the dangers of breast milk, the virtues of formula, and the practical and sociocultural challenges of breastfeeding. Women's ambivalence resulted in a widespread complementary feeding pattern that included breast milk and formula, and resulted in short breastfeeding durations. Findings suggest the critical role of breastfeeding "ambivalence" in driving thought and action in women's lives. Ambivalence erodes the permanence of breastfeeding intention, and makes feeding practices provisional. Ambivalence challenges breastfeeding promotion strategies, resulting in weakened public health messages and a difficult-to-realize public health goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Kaufman
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 485 Throop Avenue, Room 2454, Brooklyn, NY, 11221, USA.
| | - Swarna Deenadayalan
- Ross University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 266, Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies
| | - Adam Karpati
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 93 Worth Street, Room 410, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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Rhodes KL, Hellerstedt WL, Davey CS, Pirie PL, Daly KA. American Indian breastfeeding attitudes and practices in Minnesota. Matern Child Health J 2008; 12 Suppl 1:46-54. [PMID: 18266094 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-008-0310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the breastfeeding attitudes and practices in an American Indian population in Minnesota. METHODS We interviewed women prenatally (n = 380), at 2-weeks (n = 342) and at 6-months postpartum (n = 256). We conducted multivariable analyses to examine the demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal correlates of breastfeeding initiation and duration. RESULTS Factors positively associated with breastfeeding initiation included positive breastfeeding attitudes and social support for breastfeeding from the woman's husband/boyfriend and her mother. Factors positively associated with breastfeeding at 2-weeks postpartum were support from the woman's mother and positive attitudes about breastfeeding. The prenatal use of traditional American Indian medicines and cigarette smoking were both significantly associated with breastfeeding at 6-months postpartum. CONCLUSIONS Programs to encourage breastfeeding in American Indian communities may be strengthened with protocols to encourage social support, recognition of the perceived health, developmental, and practical benefits of breastfeeding, and a focus on traditional American Indian health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine L Rhodes
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Pippins JR, Brawarsky P, Jackson RA, Fuentes-Afflick E, Haas JS. Association of Breastfeeding with Maternal Depressive Symptoms. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006; 15:754-62. [PMID: 16910907 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify risk factors for lack of breastfeeding initiation and duration of <1 month among a racially diverse cohort of women. In particular, our interest was to examine depressive symptoms during pregnancy as a potential risk factor for not initiating or continuing breastfeeding. METHODS Survey and medical record data from a cohort of pregnant women from the San Francisco Bay area who delivered a singleton infant (n = 1448) were analyzed to examine lack of breastfeeding initiation and duration of <1 month. RESULTS In this study, 5.6% of women did not initiate breastfeeding, and 11.1% of women who initiated breastfeeding had a duration of breastfeeding of <1 month. There were no racial or ethnic differences in initiation of breastfeeding after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. At 1 month postpartum, African American women were more likely than white women to have a duration of breastfeeding lasting <1 month. Depressive symptoms during or prior to pregnancy had no effect on initiation of breastfeeding even when symptoms were persistent. Women with persistent depressive symptoms (symptoms at two time points, including one prior to delivery) were more likely to have breastfeeding duration of <1 month (odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.10-2.86), whereas depressive symptoms at a single time point were not associated with breastfeeding duration of <1 month. CONCLUSIONS Addressing depressive symptoms experienced by women both during and after pregnancy may improve the duration of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Pippins
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02120-1613, USA
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Abstract
Native Americans face some of the highest rates of obesity and diabetes in the world. Despite numerous education programs to reduce obesity among Native Americans, little attention has been paid to reducing fructose, particularly in the form of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages. Considerable data indicate that energy from beverages does not displace energy from other foods throughout the day, often leading to energy imbalance, and numerous studies have documented that beverages are a leading contributor to energy intakes among Native Americans. Prevention programs that target pregnant women and parents of infants and very young children are necessary to halt the epidemic of obesity among Native Americans; one approach may be by promoting sugar-free beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Wharton
- Department of Nutrition, Arizona State University, 7001 E. Williams Field Rd., Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
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Banks JW. Ka'nisténhsera Teiakotíhsnie's: A Native Community Rekindles the Tradition of Breastfeeding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 7:340-7. [PMID: 14528591 DOI: 10.1177/1091592303257828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mitra AK, Khoury AJ, Carothers C, Foretich C. Evaluation of a comprehensive loving support program among state Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program breast-feeding coordinators. South Med J 2003; 96:168-71. [PMID: 12630643 DOI: 10.1097/01.smj.0000053675.41623.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mississippi was selected as a pilot state in the national breastfeeding promotion campaign titled Loving Support Makes Breastfeeding Work (LSMBW). To reinforce the national LSMBW project, the Mississippi Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Breastfeeding Promotion Project Team developed a comprehensive program that included patient and family education, staff training, public awareness activities, health professional outreach, and partnerships with the community. The program also implemented a breastfeeding-friendly clinic environment project and a videotape project. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Mississippi's LSMBW activities among WIC breastfeeding coordinators in the United States. METHOD The cross-sectional study was performed with the use of a mailed, self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Representatives of 50 state WIC agencies returned the survey. Of these 50 agencies, 36 (72%) had effectively used education materials created by the state of Mississippi. Breastfeeding coordinators reported that among the campaign activities, staff training, community outreach, and peer counseling were most beneficial. They also identified the videotape project developed by Mississippi as useful in addressing barriers to breastfeeding and in training support groups, staff, and health care professionals. CONCLUSION This study showed that Mississippi's outreach activities and motivational videotape had a positive impact on coordinators' promotion of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal K Mitra
- Center for Community Health, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5122, USA.
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Abstract
▪ Abstract This review examines current research in the subfields of anthropology and related disciplines on the biocultural process of breastfeeding and broader questions of infant and young-child feeding. The themes of sexuality, reproduction, embodiment, and subjective experience are then linked to the problems women who breastfeed face in bottle-feeding cultures. Anthropologists have contributed to policy-relevant debates concerning women's work and scheduling in relation to infant care and exclusive breastfeeding. The extensive ethnographic work on children's transition to consuming household foods demonstrates the need to integrate research on breastfeeding with research on complementary feeding. Current debates around HIV and chemical residues in breastmilk call for a critical examination of the effects of globalization and corporate control on infant feeding practices. The literature shows how the narrow specialty of infant feeding has broad implications for the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Van Esterik
- Department of Anthropology, York University, M3J1P3, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Heath ALM, Tuttle CR, Simons MSL, Cleghorn CL, Parnell WR. A longitudinal study of breastfeeding and weaning practices during the first year of life in Dunedin, New Zealand. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2002; 102:937-43. [PMID: 12146555 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate infant feeding practices during the first year of life in a group of white infants in Dunedin, New Zealand. DESIGN Prospective study of infants from birth to 12 months of age. PARTICIPANTS A self-selected sample of 74 white mothers and their infants born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between October 1995 and May 1996. Statistical analyses Regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with successful breastfeeding initiation and duration. RESULTS Among mothers, 88% (n=65) initiated breastfeeding, 42% (n=31) were exclusively breastfeeding at 3 months, and 34% (n=25) were partially breastfeeding at 12 months. Intention to breastfeed increased the likelihood of successful breastfeeding initiation. Mothers who reported that they did not have enough breastmilk tended to exclusively breastfeed for a shorter period of time. Tertiary education and exclusively breastfeeding at 1 month were associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding. Perception of breastfeeding in public as embarrassing was associated with a shorter duration of breastfeeding. Among infants, 45% (n=33) were given nonmilk foods before 4 months of age, and 69% (n=51) were given unmodified cow's milk as a beverage before 12 months. APPLICATIONS Breastfeeding rates in this study, although higher than in many Western countries, were still lower than current recommendations. Our findings suggest that women should be taught how to increase their breastmilk supply. Parents should also be informed of the importance of delaying the introduction of nonmilk foods until their infant is 4 to 6 months of age and cow's milk until they are 12 months of age. Society also needs to address the social issue of embarrassment many mothers feel when breastfeeding in public.
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