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Cani I, Guaraldi P, Giannini G, Sambati L, Barletta G, Cortelli P, Calandra‐Buonaura G. Levodopa-induced orthostatic hypotension in parkinsonism: A red flag of autonomic failure. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16061. [PMID: 37724992 PMCID: PMC11235727 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Levodopa (LD) is the main treatment for parkinsonism, but its use may be limited by a potential hypotensive effect. METHODS We evaluated the cardiovascular effect of LD performing head-up tilt test (HUTT) before and 60 min after 100/25 mg LD/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (pre-LD vs. post-LD HUTT) in 164 patients with parkinsonism on chronic LD treatment. Features predictive of LD-induced orthostatic hypotension (OH) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Basal supine blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) decreased after LD. During post-LD HUTT, BP drop and HR increase were significantly greater than at pre-LD HUTT. Thirty-eight percent of patients had OH at post-LD HUTT compared to 22% of patients presenting OH at pre-LD HUTT (p < 0.001). Risk factors for LD-induced/worsened OH were pre-LD OH (odds ratio [OR] = 36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 10-131), absence of overshoot at Valsalva maneuver (OR = 9, 95% CI = 4-20), and pathological Valsalva ratio (OR = 6, 95% CI = 2-15). CONCLUSIONS LD administration caused/worsened hypotension in both supine and orthostatic conditions. Patients with cardiovascular autonomic failure had a higher risk of developing LD-induced OH. In clinical practice, LD-induced OH could represent a red flag for cardiovascular autonomic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cani
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Pietro Guaraldi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giulia Giannini
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Luisa Sambati
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giorgio Barletta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giovanna Calandra‐Buonaura
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaBolognaItaly
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaBolognaItaly
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Teng X, Chen S, Nie Y, Xiao P, Yu X, Shao Z, Zheng S. Ligand recognition and biased agonism of the D1 dopamine receptor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3186. [PMID: 35676276 PMCID: PMC9177848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system and are important therapeutic targets for treatment of various psychiatric and neurological diseases. Here, we report three cryo-electron microscopy structures of the D1 dopamine receptor (D1R)-Gs complex bound to two agonists, fenoldopam and tavapadon, and a positive allosteric modulator LY3154207. The structure reveals unusual binding of two fenoldopam molecules, one to the orthosteric binding pocket (OBP) and the other to the extended binding pocket (EBP). In contrast, one elongated tavapadon molecule binds to D1R, extending from OBP to EBP. Moreover, LY3154207 stabilizes the second intracellular loop of D1R in an alpha helical conformation to efficiently engage the G protein. Through a combination of biochemical, biophysical and cellular assays, we further show that the broad conformation stabilized by two fenoldopam molecules and interaction between TM5 and the agonist are important for biased signaling of D1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Teng
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Nie
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sanduo Zheng
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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3
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Montarolo F, Martire S, Chiara F, Allegra S, De Francia S, Hoxha E, Tempia F, Capobianco MA, Bertolotto A. NURR1-deficient mice have age- and sex-specific behavioral phenotypes. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1747-1754. [PMID: 35593070 PMCID: PMC9539971 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NURR1 is essential to the generation and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons and its deregulation is involved in the development of dopamine (DA)‐associated brain disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The old male NURR1 heterozygous knockout (NURR1‐KO) mouse has been proposed as a model of PD due to its altered motor performance that was, however, not confirmed in a subsequent study. Based on these controversial results, we explored the effects of the NURR1 deficiency on locomotor activity, motor coordination, brain and plasma DA levels, blood pressure and heart rate of old mice, also focusing on the potential effect of sex. As a probable consequence of the role of NURR1 in DA pathway, we observed that the old NURR1‐KO mouse is characterized by motor impairment, and increased brain DA level and heart rate, independently from sex. However, we also observed an alteration in spontaneous locomotor activity that only affects males. In conclusion, NURR1 deficiency triggers sex‐ and age‐specific alterations of behavioral responses, of DA levels and cardiovascular abnormalities. Further studies in simplified systems will be necessary to dissect the mechanism underlying these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Neurology Department and Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Martire
- Neurology Department and Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiara
- Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sarah Allegra
- Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Silvia De Francia
- Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Alfonso Capobianco
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Neurology Department and Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis (CReSM), University Hospital San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy
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4
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Lee S, Park D, Ju JW, Bae J, Cho YJ, Nam K, Jeon Y. Relationship between intraoperative dopamine infusion and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing open abdominal aorta aneurysm repair. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:82. [PMID: 35346048 PMCID: PMC8962567 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications in patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Dopamine has been frequently used in these patients to prevent AKI. We aimed to clarify the relationship between intraoperative dopamine infusion and postoperative AKI in patients undergoing open AAA repair. Methods We analyzed 294 patients who underwent open AAA repair at a single tertiary center from 2009 to 2018, retrospectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative AKI, determined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes definition, after open AAA repair. Secondary outcomes included survival outcome, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, and postoperative renal replacement therapy (RRT). Results Postoperative AKI occurred in 21.8% (64 out of 294 patients) The risk of postoperative AKI by intraoperative dopamine infusion was greater after adjusting for risk factors (odds ratio [OR] 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–5.89; P = 0.028) and after propensity score matching (OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.12–9.24; P = 0.030). On the contrary, intraoperative norepinephrine use was not associated with postoperative AKI (use vs. no use; 19.3 vs. 22.4%; P = 0.615). Patients who used dopamine showed higher requirement for postoperative RRT (6.8 vs. 1.2%; P = 0.045) and longer hospital length of stay (18 vs. 16 days, P = 0.024). Conclusions Intraoperative dopamine infusion was associated with more frequent postoperative AKI, postoperative RRT, and longer hospital length of stay in patients undergoing AAA repair, when compared to norepinephrine. Further prospective randomized clinical trial may be necessary for this topic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-022-01624-6.
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Carving the senescent phenotype by the chemical reactivity of catecholamines: An integrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101570. [PMID: 35051644 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules damaged by covalent modifications produced by chemically reactive metabolites accumulate in the slowly renewable components of living bodies and compromise their functions. Among such metabolites, catecholamines (CA) are unique, compared with the ubiquitous oxygen, ROS, glucose and methylglyoxal, in that their high chemical reactivity is confined to a limited set of cell types, including the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons and their direct targets, which suffer from CA propensities for autoxidation yielding toxic quinones, and for Pictet-Spengler reactions with carbonyl-containing compounds, which yield mitochondrial toxins. The functions progressively compromised because of that include motor performance, cognition, reward-driven behaviors, emotional tuning, and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The phenotypic manifestations of the resulting disorders culminate in such conditions as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, hypertension, sarcopenia, and menopause. The reasons to suspect that CA play some special role in aging accumulated since early 1970-ies. Published reviews address the role of CA hazardousness in the development of specific aging-associated diseases. The present integrative review explores how the bizarre discrepancy between CA hazardousness and biological importance could have emerged in evolution, how much does the chemical reactivity of CA contribute to the senescent phenotype in mammals, and what can be done with it.
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6
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Galaj E, Newman AH, Xi ZX. Dopamine D3 receptor-based medication development for the treatment of opioid use disorder: Rationale, progress, and challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:38-52. [PMID: 32376243 PMCID: PMC7252042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Opioid abuse and related overdose deaths continue to rise in the United States, contributing to the current national opioid crisis. Although several opioid-based pharmacotherapies are available (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine, naloxone), they show limited effectiveness in long-term relapse prevention. In response to the opioid crisis, the National Institute on Drug Abuse proposed a list of pharmacological targets of highest priority for medication development for the treatment of opioid use disorders (OUD). Among these are antagonists of dopamine D3 receptors (D3R). In this review, we first review recent progress in research of the dopamine hypothesis of opioid reward and abuse and then describe the rationale and recent development of D3R ligands for the treatment of OUD. Herein, an emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of newly developed D3R antagonists in the animal models of OUD. These new drug candidates may also potentiate the analgesic effects of clinically used opioids, making them attractive as adjunctive medications for pain management and treatment of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Noce A, Marrone G, Rovella V, Busca A, Gola C, Ferrannini M, Di Daniele N. Fenoldopam Mesylate: A Narrative Review of Its Use in Acute Kidney Injury. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:366-375. [PMID: 31038062 PMCID: PMC6751352 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190417124711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Fenoldopam mesylate is a selective agonist of DA-1 receptors. It is currently used for the in-hospital treatment of severe hypertension. DA-1 receptors have high density in renal pa-renchyma and for this reason, a possible reno-protective role of Fenoldopam mesylate was investigated. Methods: We examined all studies regarding the role of Fenoldopam mesylate in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI); particularly, those involving post-surgical patients, intensive care unit patients and contrast-induced nephropathy. Results: Fenoldopam mesylate was found to be effective in reducing the onset of postoperative AKI, when used before the development of the kidney damage. Positive results were also obtained in the management of intensive care unit patients with AKI, although the clinical studies investigated were few and conducted on small samples. Conclusion: Conflicting results were achieved in contrast-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Busca
- Department of Systems Medicine, Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Gola
- Department of Systems Medicine, Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrannini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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8
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Effects of fenoldopam on renal blood flow in hypertensive chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2018; 32:75-81. [PMID: 29766465 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-0496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The synthetic drug fenoldopam mesylate (FM) may have a renoprotective role, and a "renal dose" of 0.1 µg/kg/min intravenous (IV) infusion of FM has been reported as able to increase renal blood flow without affecting systemic blood pressure. But conclusive data are still lacking. We aimed to investigate by color-Doppler ultrasonography the effects of IV administration of FM at this dosage in hypertensive chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and verify whether it may induce any systemic hemodynamic alteration. METHODS In 60 hypertensive CKD patients, we measured by duplex Doppler ultrasonography, at baseline and during infusion of 0.1 µg/kg/min of FM, the systolic and diastolic flow velocity (sampled at the renal hilum, intermediate section and origin of both renal arteries) and the intra-parenchymal renal resistive index (RRI) sampled on interlobular arteries of both kidneys. Patients were divided into four subgroups (I-IV) according to classification of National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-DOQI). RESULTS Infusion of 0.1 µg/kg/min FM significantly decreased the RRI (0.73 ± 0.05 vs. 0.65 ± 0.06; p < 0.0001) and increased the systolic and diastolic flow velocities in all renal artery tracts examined. No single episode of systemic hypotension was observed. CONCLUSIONS Very low-dose FM may significantly increase renal blood flow and exert a renal protective effect in hypertensive CKD patients. Infusion of FM at such low dosage appears also to be quite safe, even in CKD and hypertensive patients.
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Tosyali PMC, Patel S, Varas DBA, Alcera E, Coffey DBJ. Ceftriaxone and infection in first episode adolescent psychosis. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2013; 23:693-6. [PMID: 24350815 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2013.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Presenters Mehmet C Tosyali
- 1 Adolescent Inpatient Services, Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, Bellevue Hospital Center , New York, New York
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10
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Johnson TL, Tulis DA, Keeler BE, Virag JA, Lust RM, Clemens S. The dopamine D3 receptor knockout mouse mimics aging-related changes in autonomic function and cardiac fibrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74116. [PMID: 24023697 PMCID: PMC3758275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure increases with age, and dysfunction of the dopamine D3 receptor has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. To evaluate the role of the D3 receptor in aging-related hypertension, we assessed cardiac structure and function in differently aged (2 mo, 1 yr, 2 yr) wild type (WT) and young (2 mo) D3 receptor knockout mice (D3KO). In WT, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and rate-pressure product (RPP) significantly increased with age, while heart rate significantly decreased. Blood pressure values, heart rate and RPP of young D3KO were significantly elevated over age-matched WT, but similar to those of the 2 yr old WT. Echocardiography revealed that the functional measurements of ejection fraction and fractional shortening decreased significantly with age in WT and that they were significantly smaller in D3KO compared to young WT. Despite this functional change however, cardiac morphology remained similar between the age-matched WT and D3KO. Additional morphometric analyses confirmed an aging-related increase in left ventricle (LV) and myocyte cross-sectional areas in WT, but found no difference between age-matched young WT and D3KO. In contrast, interstitial fibrosis, which increased with age in WT, was significantly elevated in the D3KO over age-matched WT, and similar to 2 yr old WT. Western analyses of myocardial homogenates revealed significantly increased levels of pro- and mature collagen type I in young D3KO. Column zymography revealed that activities of myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased with age in WTs, but in D3KO, only MMP-9 activity was significantly increased over age-matched WTs. Our data provide evidence that the dopamine D3 receptor has a critical role in the emergence of aging-related cardiac fibrosis, remodeling, and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Johnson
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David A. Tulis
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E. Keeler
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jitka A. Virag
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Lust
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stefan Clemens
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Luchsinger A, Velasco M, Urbina A, Morillo J, Romero E, Alvarez R, Pieretti OH. Comparative Effects of Dopaminergic Agonists on Cardiovascular, Renal, and Renin-Angiotensin Systems in Hypertensive Patients. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 32:55-60. [PMID: 1346790 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of dopaminergic receptors on renal function has been extensively studied. Recently dopaminergic receptor has been classified in two subtypes D1 and D2, which seem to have different modulatory function. However, the role of dopaminergic receptors on cardiovascular function and more specifically the potential role of dopaminergic agonists as antihypertensive agents has not yet been clarified. Nine outpatients with mild and moderate hypertension were studied in the Cardiology Service of Vargas Hospital with a D1 agonist, piribedil, at 50-100 mg/day, orally, for 8 weeks, and with a D2 agonist, bromocriptine, at 2.5 - 5 mg/day, orally, for an another 8 weeks by using a placebo comparative crossover design. Piribedil reduced blood pressure with a modest increase in heart rate, plasma renin activity, and of plasma aldosterone, and an important increment of renal function. Bromocriptine reduced blood pressure with a decrease in heart rate and plasma aldosterone without altering renal function. There was no orthostatic hypotension with either agent. The authors conclude that activation of dopaminergic D1 receptor induces a vasodilatory and antihypertensive effect with a reflex increase in sympathetic tone, whereas activation of dopaminergic D2 receptor induces a decrease in sympathetic tone, probably due to a decrease in norepinephrine release at adrenergic endings. The potential effect of these compounds as antihypertensive agents is of great interest because blood pressure reduction can be induced by a new mechanism, i.e. activation of dopaminergic receptors which results in a decrease of the renin angiotensin system or a vasodilatory action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luchsinger
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Vargas Hospital, Caracas-Venezuela
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12
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Charbit AR, Akerman S, Goadsby PJ. Comparison of the effects of central and peripheral dopamine receptor activation on evoked firing in the trigeminocervical complex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 331:752-63. [PMID: 19657051 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.151951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in migraine. Here, electrophysiological techniques were used to study the effects of intravenously administered centrally or peripherally active dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on evoked firing in the trigeminocervical complex (TCC). After establishing baseline firing evoked by electrical stimulation of the dural middle meningeal artery (MMA) and mechanical noxious and innocuous stimulation of the ophthalmic dermatome, D(1)- or D(2)-like receptor agonists or antagonists were administered intravenously and the effect on firing was determined. In addition, with use of intravital microscopy, we monitored changes in dural vessel diameter in response to varying doses of D(1)- or D(2)-like receptor agonists to determine whether their effects were related to blood vessel caliber. The central D(2)-like receptor agonist quinpirole hydrochloride inhibited firing in the TCC evoked by stimulation of the MMA. Conversely, the central D(2)-like receptor antagonists, eticlopride hydrochloride and remoxipride hydrochloride, facilitated MMA-evoked firing and also firing evoked by noxious and innocuous stimulation of the ophthalmic dermatome. Both the peripheral D(1)-like receptor agonist fenoldopam and the central D(1)-like receptor agonists cis-(+/-)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl-1H-2-benzopyran-5,6-diol hydrochloride (A68930 hydrochloride) and dihydrexidine facilitated innocuous brush-evoked firing, with A68930 hydrochloride having the greatest effect. The data suggest that dopamine binding to peripheral D(1)-like receptors may play a role in peripheral sensitization, and that the inhibitory or excitatory effects seen with administration of dopamine receptor agonists are independent of blood vessel changes. In addition, these studies maintain that central D(2)-like receptors inhibit trigeminocervical neurons, and may provide insight into the conflicting literature on the role of dopamine and its receptors in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle R Charbit
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla, California 94115, USA
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13
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Rösser N, Heuschmann P, Wersching H, Breitenstein C, Knecht S, Flöel A. Levodopa improves procedural motor learning in chronic stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 89:1633-41. [PMID: 18760148 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that administration of dopamine precursor levodopa improves procedural motor learning (defined as the ability to acquire novel movement patterns gradually through practice) in patients with residual motor deficits in the chronic phase after stroke (> or =1 y after stroke). DESIGN A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design. SETTING Neurology department in a German university. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen patients with chronic motor dysfunction because of stroke (13 men, 5 women; age range, 53-78 y; mean time poststroke +/- SD, 3.3+/-2.1 y). INTERVENTION Patients received 3 doses of levodopa (100mg of levodopa plus 25mg of carbidopa) or placebo before 1 session of procedural motor learning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Procedural motor learning performed by using the paretic hand assessed by using a modified version of the serial reaction time task with a probabilistic sequence. The primary outcome measure was the difference in reaction times between random and sequential elements. RESULTS Levodopa significantly improved our primary outcome measure, procedural motor learning, compared with placebo (P<.05). Reaction times to random elements, analysis of error rates, psychophysical assessments, and performance in a simple motor task were comparable between conditions, indicating that better learning under levodopa was not caused by differences in response styles, arousal, mood, or motor reaction times but that levodopa modulated learning. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that levodopa may improve procedural motor learning in patients with chronic stroke, in line with our hypothesis. These findings suggest that this interventional strategy in combination with customary rehabilitative treatments could significantly improve the outcome of neurorehabilitation in the chronic stage after stroke. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00126087.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rösser
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Antenor-Dorsey JAV, Laforest R, Moerlein SM, Videen TO, Perlmutter JS. Radiation dosimetry of N-([11C]methyl)benperidol as determined by whole-body PET imaging of primates. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 35:771-8. [PMID: 18071701 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE N-([(11)C]methyl)benperidol ([(11)C]NMB) can be used for positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of D(2)-like dopamine receptor binding in vivo. We report the absorbed radiation dosimetry of i.v.-administered (11)C-NMB, a critical step before applying this radioligand to imaging studies in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole-body PET imaging with a CTI/Siemens ECAT 953B scanner was done in a male and a female baboon. After i.v. injection of 444-1221 MBq of (11)C-NMB, sequential images taken from the head to the pelvis were collected for 3 h. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were identified that entirely encompassed small organs (whole brain, striatum, eyes, and myocardium). Large organs (liver, lungs, kidneys, lower large intestine, and urinary bladder) were sampled by drawing representative regions within the organ volume. Time-activity curves for each VOI were extracted from the PET, and organ residence times were calculated by analytical integration of a multi-exponential fit of the time-activity curves. Human radiation doses were estimated using OLINDA/EXM 1.0 and the standard human model. RESULTS Highest retention was observed in the blood and liver, each with total residence times of 1.5 min. The highest absorbed radiation doses were to the heart (10.5 μGy/MBq) [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] and kidney (9.19 μGy/MBq), [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] making these the critical organs for [(11)C]NMB. A heart absorption of 50 mGy would result from an injected dose of 4,762 MBq [(11)C]NMB. CONCLUSIONS Thus, this study suggests that up to 4,762 MBq of [(11)C]NMB can be safely administered to human subjects for PET studies. Total body dose and effective dose for [(11)C]NMB are 2.82 μGy/MBq [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] and 3.7 mSv/kBq, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Ann V Antenor-Dorsey
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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15
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Obesity, dopamine and the metabolic syndrome: potential of dopaminergic agents in the control of metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/01.med.0000216967.74622.9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Dalton RSJ, Webber JN, Cameron C, Kessaris N, Gibbs PG, Tan LC, Walters MA, Sadek SA, Datta AK. Physiologic Impact of Low-Dose Dopamine on Renal Function in the Early Post Renal Transplant Period. Transplantation 2005; 79:1561-7. [PMID: 15940046 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000158431.81676.c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose dopamine (LDD) (< or =5.0 microg/kg/min) is often used in the early postrenal transplant period for its perceived improvements in renal function parameters. However, there is little published evidence to support its use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LDD on the physiologic parameters of the transplanted kidney. METHODS With local ethics approval, 20 consecutive adult patients (age range, 27-74 years), who underwent cadaveric renal transplantation with cyclosporine immunosuppression, were randomized into two study groups, each with 10 patients. The study period was over 9 hrs on the first postoperative day. This 9-hr block was divided into three 3-hr periods. Patient group 1 received a dopamine infusion over the second 3-hr period only, and patient group 2 received a dopamine infusion over both the first and third 3-hr periods. During these periods, urine flow rate (UFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), creatinine clearance (CC), and total urinary sodium excretion rate (tUNa) were measured. RESULTS In both groups, there were significant (P<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test) increases in ERPF, UFR, CC, and tUNa during LDD infusion periods compared with periods of no LDD infusion. No changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure were seen with LDD administration. CONCLUSIONS LDD significantly increases ERPF, UFR, CC, and tUNa in the transplanted allograft kidney treated with cyclosporine immunosuppression in the early posttransplant period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S J Dalton
- Wessex Renal & Transplant Unit, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, England.
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17
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Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in the genes coding for drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and drug receptors are major determinants of an individual's response to drugs. The potential interactions of pharmacogenomics of renal drug transporters and drug receptors with renal drug disposition and the immature kidneys are briefly reviewed. Examples of gene polymorphisms seen in the RAAS (renin angiotensin system), beta-adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors and cytochrome P450 and their potential clinical impact are discussed. The human newborn has deficient hepatic and renal drug metabolism and disposition. This immaturity in drug-handling capacity may potentially be superimposed to genetic polymorphisms determining drug metabolism and transport thereby substantially increasing interpatient variability in drug dose requirements and in drug responses in the newborn. Pharmacogenomics is a tool that can be used to individualize drug therapy in newborns to minimize adverse drug effects and to optimize efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kapur
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit Network, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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18
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Moore TL, Killiany RJ, Rosene DL, Prusty S, Hollander W, Moss MB. Hypertension-induced changes in monoamine receptors in the prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys. Neuroscience 2003; 120:177-89. [PMID: 12849751 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately 60 million people in the United States. Recent studies have demonstrated that hypertension may produce progressive changes in the CNS. The present study is focused on reports in the literature that hypertension may significantly alter neurotransmitter systems, particularly dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). To address this, DA and norepinephrine (NE) receptor binding was assessed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of 15 male rhesus monkeys using on-the-slide in vitro assays for the DA1, NE alpha1 and NE alpha2 receptors as well as for the DA and NE uptake transporters. Eight monkeys underwent surgical coarctation of the mid-thoracic aorta which produced sustained, untreated hypertension as defined by a systolic pressure above 150 mm Hg. Compared with normotensive controls, chronic, untreated hypertension produced a significant decrease in DA1 and NE alpha1 receptor binding and an increase in DA uptake (DAU) receptor binding in the prefrontal cortex. While the mechanisms by which untreated hypertension alters DA and NE receptors is not known, the use of this non-human primate model should provide the means to uncover neurobiological changes that occur with untreated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Moore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W-701, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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19
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Villalón CM, Ramírez-San Juan E, Sánchez-López A, Bravo G, Willems EW, Saxena PR, Centurión D. Pharmacological profile of the vascular responses to dopamine in the canine external carotid circulation. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 2003; 92:165-72. [PMID: 12753419 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2003.920406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dopamine on the canine external carotid circulation. One min. intracarotid artery (i.c.) infusions of dopamine (10-310 microg min.-1) produced dose-dependent decreases in the canine external carotid conductance without affecting blood pressure or heart rate. This effect was mimicked by the D1/2-like receptor agonist apomorphine (1-310 microg min-1), but not by the D2-like receptor agonist, bromocriptine (31-310 microg min.-1). In contrast, fenoldopam (1-310 microg min.-1, intracarotid), a D1-like receptor agonist, produced dose-dependent increases in external carotid conductance. The vasoconstrictor response to dopamine was abolished after intravenous administration of the antagonists, phentolamine (alpha1/2; 2000 microg kg-1) or rauwolscine (alpha2; 100 microg kg-1), but remained unaffected after prazosin (alpha1; 100 microg kg-1) or haloperidol (D2-like; 1000 microg kg-1). Interestingly, after phentolamine not only were the vasoconstrictor responses to dopamine abolished, but even a dose-dependent vasodilator component was unmasked. These vasodilator responses to dopamine remained unchanged after intravenous haloperidol or propranolol (1000 microg kg-1 each). On the other hand, the vasodilator responses to fenoldopam, which remained unchanged after intravenous saline (0.1 ml kg-1), propranolol (1000 microg kg-1) or vagosympathectomy, were abolished by the D1-like receptor antagonist, SCH-23390 (10 microg kg-1). Lastly, the responses to dopamine and fenoldopam were not significantly altered after intraperitoneal pretreatment with reserpine (5 mg kg-1; -24 hr). The above results suggest that the canine external carotid vasoconstrictor responses to dopamine: (i) are mainly mediated by alpha2-adrenoceptors; and (ii) overshadow a vasodilator component, which involves vascular D1-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Villalón
- Department of Pharmacobiology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, 14330 México D.F., México.
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20
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Halpenny M, Lakshmi S, O'Donnell A, O'Callaghan-Enright S, O'Connell D, Shorten G. The effects of fenoldopam on coronary conduit blood flow after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2001; 15:72-6. [PMID: 11254844 DOI: 10.1053/jcan.2001.20374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the effects of fenoldopam, 0.1 microg/kg/min, on left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and saphenous vein blood flow after coronary anastomosis. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING University teaching hospital, single institution. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-one American Society of Anesthesiologists III patients undergoing elective coronary revascularization. INTERVENTIONS A perivascular ultrasonic flow probe (Linton Instrumentation, Norfolk, UK) was placed around the LIMA and saphenous vein graft after coronary anastomosis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Immediately before and at 5-minute intervals for 15 minutes after starting the infusion, blood flow was measured in the LIMA and one saphenous vein graft using a transit time ultrasonic flow probe. Heart rate, blood pressure, and central venous pressure were documented at these time points. Administration of fenoldopam, 0.1 microg/kg/min, did not alter heart rate or blood pressure. A small, nonsignificant increase in LIMA blood flow occurred during the 15-minute study period (30 +/- 12 to 35 +/- 10 mL/min) in patients who received fenoldopam. No significant changes occurred in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that fenoldopam, 0.1 microg/kg/min, did not influence coronary conduit blood flow to a clinically significant extent. The small increase in LIMA blood flow may be of greater importance in high-risk patients or in the prevention of coronary arterial spasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halpenny
- Department of Anesthesia, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Ireland
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21
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Krimer LS, Muly EC, Williams GV, Goldman-Rakic PS. Dopaminergic regulation of cerebral cortical microcirculation. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1:286-9. [PMID: 10195161 DOI: 10.1038/1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functional variations in cerebral cortical activity are accompanied by local changes in blood flow, but the mechanisms underlying this physiological coupling are not well understood. Here we report that dopamine, a neurotransmitter normally associated with neuromodulatory actions, may directly affect local cortical blood flow. Using light and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry, we show that dopaminergic axons innervate the intraparenchymal microvessels. We also provide evidence in an in vitro slice preparation that dopamine produces vasomotor responses in the cortical vasculature. These anatomical and physiological observations reveal a previously unknown source of regulation of the microvasculature by dopamine. The findings may be relevant to the mechanisms underlying changes in blood flow observed in circulatory and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Krimer
- Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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22
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Postpartum Hypertension, Bromocriptine and Phenylpropanolamine. Clin Drug Investig 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03258485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Capria A, Attanasio A, Frongillo D, Ruggieri S, Stocchi F. Transient left bundle branch block following intravenous lisuride bolus. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1993; 7:115-7. [PMID: 8486331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1993.tb00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Capria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Tor Vergata, Italy
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24
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Stier CT, Itskovitz HD, Chen YH. Urinary dopamine and sodium excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 1993; 15:105-23. [PMID: 8467307 DOI: 10.3109/10641969309041614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We measured urinary dopamine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) before (days 0-6) and during high-salt diet, in the absence (days 6-10) and presence (days 10-14) of added L-dopa (2 mg/kg/day by gavage). Urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV) increased 20-fold during intake of chow containing 8% NaCl in both strains. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHR increased slightly (9 +/- 4 mmHg; p < 0.05) on the high-salt diet, whereas SBP did not change in WKY. Urinary dopamine excretion was not different between strains in the basal state, and was as great or greater in SHR than WKY during high-salt intake with and without added L-dopa. SBP was unaffected by L-dopa administration and UNaV did not increase or differ between strains despite higher urinary dopamine excretion in SHR. We conclude that renal dopamine formation in vivo is not diminished in SHR, compared with WKY, on normal or high-salt diets, and that elevation of renal dopamine formation secondary to L-dopa administration is not associated with reductions in SBP or altered UNaV in these rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Stier
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College Valhalla 10595
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25
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Kenny MT, Balistreri FJ, Torney HL. beta-Lactam antibiotic modulation of murine neutrophil cytokinesis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1992; 14:797-811. [PMID: 1294624 DOI: 10.3109/08923979209009236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen cephalosporins, 11 penicillins and 1 monobactam were evaluated for their in vitro modulation of murine neutrophil cytokinesis. As a result, the beta-lactam antibiotics were placed into 6 groups based on their effect on random (R) and FMLP-directed (D) migration [Group 1 (no effect): cephalosporin C; Group 2 (R-->D decreases): cloxacillin, cefotaxime, ceftazadime, cefuroxime, cephalothin, cephapirin, cephadine, nafcillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, aztreonam; Group 3 (R increases D-->): cephaloridine; Group 4 (R increases D increases): cefsulodin; Group 5 (R increases D decreases): cefoperazone, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, 6-amino-penicillanic acid; Group 6 (R decreases D decreases): cefadroxil, cefazolin, penicillin G, methicillin]. Trypan blue exclusion studies showed that inhibition of R and D by Group 6 beta-lactam antibiotics is not due to overt cytotoxicity. beta-lactam antibiotics inhibiting D also increased neutrophil adherence to plastic at a concentration of 1000 microM. Finally, the [Ca++] inhibitor chlorpromazine significantly abrogates beta-lactam- and FMLP-directed migration at a test concentration of 1 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Kenny
- Marion Merrell Dow Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268-0460
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26
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Saito I, Kawabe H, Hasegawa C, Iwaida Y, Yamakawa H, Saruta T, Takeshita E, Nagano S, Sekihara T. Effect of L-dopa in young patients with hypertension. Angiology 1991; 42:691-5. [PMID: 1928809 DOI: 10.1177/000331979104200902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of L-dopa on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma renin activity, norepinephrine, epinephrine and prolactin were studied in a randomized single-blind trial in 36 patients with essential hypertension. In response to L-dopa, 250 mg administered orally, the blood pressure decreased significantly as compared with the results of placebo treatment. The heart rate and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were unchanged. The plasma renin activity and prolactin decreased as a result of L-dopa administration. The administration of a peripheral DA2 dopamine receptor blocker, domperidone (20 mg, orally) prevented the L-dopa-induced reduction in plasma prolactin but failed to block the fall in blood pressure and plasma renin activity. These results suggest that the blood pressure-lowering effect of L-dopa may be mediated through multiple sites involving D1 dopamine receptors, the central nervous system, and the renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Saito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Aronson S, Goldberg LI, Glock D, Roth S, Moss J, Roizen MF. Effects of fenoldopam on renal blood flow and systemic hemodynamics during isoflurane anesthesia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1991; 5:29-32. [PMID: 1678284 DOI: 10.1016/1053-0770(91)90089-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors compared the systemic hemodynamic and renal vascular effects of hypotension induced by fenoldopam with those produced by the most commonly used hypotensive agent, sodium nitroprusside, in 10 dogs. Mean arterial pressure decreased 26% +/- 3% from control following infusion with fenoldopam, and 30% +/- 2% following infusion with sodium nitroprusside (these decreases were not significantly different between the groups). Renal blood flow (RBF) was preserved during fenoldopam-induced hypotension (214 +/- 16 mL/min at baseline and 197 +/- 16 mL/min after fenoldopam-induced hypotension). In contrast, RBF decreased from 223 +/- 17 mL/min to 167 +/- 12 mL/min during sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension (P less than 0.02). The differences in RBF between the two groups occurred in spite of the fact that cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were kept similar between the two groups. The authors conclude that fenoldopam, a selective dopamine1 (DA1) receptor agonist, preserves blood flow to the kidney during induced hypotension. On the other hand, sodium nitroprusside is a nonselective arteriolar and venous vasodilator that redistributes blood flow away from the kidneys during induced hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aronson
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Chicago, IL 60637
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Heesen BJ, De Mey JG. Effects of cyclic AMP-affecting agents on contractile reactivity of isolated mesenteric and renal resistance arteries of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 101:859-64. [PMID: 1707706 PMCID: PMC1917858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Effects of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-affecting agents were compared in mesenteric and renal resistance arteries that had been isolated from 20 week old Wistar-Kyoto rats, chemically sympathectomized, stretched to their optimal diameter for mechanical performance and made to contract in response to 30 mM potassium. 2. In mesenteric resistance arteries, isoprenaline, dopamine, NaF, forskolin, isobutyl-methylxanthine, milrinone and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP induced relaxation. Clonidine induced further increases in tension that could be reduced by pertussis toxin and prazosin but not by yohimbine. Clonidine also reduced relaxant responses to isoprenaline. 3. In renal resistance arteries, isoprenaline and dopamine failed to induce relaxation. Compared to mesenteric resistance arteries, renal vessels were less sensitive to the relaxant effect of NaF, forskolin and isobutyl-methylxanthine. Relaxant responses to dibutyryl-cyclic AMP did not differ between the two resistance arteries. 4. Indirect evidence thus suggests that in mesenteric resistance arteries, adenylate cyclase is susceptible to pharmacological activation and inhibition and is functionally coupled to relaxation. The refractory nature of renal resistance arteries to the relaxant effects of isoprenaline and dopamine could be due primarily to absence of appropriate receptors and to a relatively low activity of adenylate cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Heesen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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29
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Aronson S, Goldberg LI, Roth S, Glock D, Moss J, Roizen MF. Preservation of renal blood flow during hypotension induced with fenoldopam in dogs. Can J Anaesth 1990; 37:380-4. [PMID: 1969772 DOI: 10.1007/bf03005596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of drugs that could induce hypotension with different pharmacological actions would be advantageous because side effects unique to a specific drug could be minimized by selecting appropriate therapy. Specific dopamine-1, (DA1) and dopamine-2 (DA2) receptor agonists are now under clinical investigation. Fenoldopam mesylate is a specific DA1 receptor agonist that lowers blood pressure by vasodilatation. The hypothesis that fenoldopam could be used to induce hypotension and preserve blood flow to the kidney was tested. Systemic aortic blood pressure and renal blood flow were measured continuously with a carotid arterial catheter and an electromagnetic flow probe respectively, in order to compare the cardiovascular and renal vascular effects of fenoldopam and sodium nitroprusside in ten dogs under halothane general anaesthesia. Mean arterial pressure was decreased 30 +/- 8 per cent from control with infusion of fenoldopam (3.4 +/- 2.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) and 34 +/- 4 per cent with infusion of sodium nitroprusside (5.9 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) (NS). Renal blood flow (RBF) increased during fenoldopam-induced hypotension 11 +/- 7 per cent and decreased 21 +/- 8 per cent during sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension (P less than 0.01). Sodium nitroprusside is a non-selective arteriolar and venous vasodilator that can produce redistribution of blood flow away from the kidney during induced hypotension. Fenoldopam is a selective dopamine-1 (DA1) receptor agonist that causes vasodilatation to the kidney and other organs with DA1 receptors and preserves blood flow to the kidney during induced hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aronson
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Hospitals, Illinois 60637
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30
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Hughes AD, Sever PS. The action of dopamine and vascular dopamine (DA1) receptor agonists on human isolated subcutaneous and omental small arteries. Br J Pharmacol 1989; 97:950-6. [PMID: 2474354 PMCID: PMC1854589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb12036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Human small arteries were obtained from surgical specimens and studied in vitro by use of a myograph technique. Following induction of tone with a potassium depolarizing solution, dopamine in the presence of beta-adrenoceptor and catecholamine uptake blockade relaxed isolated omental and subcutaneous arteries. Preincubation of tissues with phentolamine increased the maximum relaxation in response to dopamine. 2. The selective vascular dopamine receptor agonists, fenoldopam and SKF 38393 also relaxed isolated subcutaneous and omental arteries in a concentration-dependent manner. The order of potency for agonists was dopamine greater than fenoldopam greater than SKF 38393. 3. Dopamine-induced relaxation was competitively antagonized by SCH 23390, (R)- and (S)-sulpiride, and fenoldopam induced relaxation by SCH 23390 and (+)- but not (-)-butaclamol. 4. These results indicate the presence of vascular dopamine receptors (DA1 subtype) on human isolated resistance arteries from omental and subcutaneous sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Hughes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London
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Lande K, Os I, Kjeldsen SE, Westheim A, Hjermann I, Eide I, Gjesdal K. Effect of dopamine and dopamine-antagonist infusion on blood platelet count, size and release reaction in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1989; 49:307-15. [PMID: 2525805 DOI: 10.3109/00365518909089102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effect of dopamine on in vivo platelet function and a possible platelet contribution to the clearance of dopamine we measured platelet count, platelet size and plasma concentration of the platelet specific protein beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) in groups of 40 year old untreated hypertensive and normotensive men. One hypertensive (n = 10) and one normotensive (n = 10) group received dopamine infusion at doses from 0.5 to 2.0 micrograms/kg/min which increased plasma dopamine 100-fold from baseline. Two other groups of hypertensive (n = 10) and normotensive (n = 11) subjects received 10 mg of the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide intravenously, upon which serum prolactin concentration increased 10-fold. No significant effect on platelet function in any group was observed during these interventions. Platelet phenol-sulphotransferase may contribute to dopamine conjugation. However, the selected platelet parameters correlated only weakly with dopamine kinetics during the infusion. Neither dopamine nor a dopamine antagonist altered the selected platelet parameters, nor did these parameters influence the clearance of dopamine during a short-lasting pharmacological infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Medical School, Ullevaal Hospital, Norway
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32
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Fraser R, Connell JM, Inglis G, Kenyon CJ, Tree M. The role of dopamine in the control of corticosteroid secretion and metabolism. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 32:217-22. [PMID: 2643741 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The relation between aldosterone and its trophins is altered by electrolyte status and in some hypertensive conditions in man by a mechanism or mechanisms not understood. Dopamine has been suggested as the agent for the altered sensitivity of plasma aldosterone to angiotensin II based on the results of studies with dopamine itself, both in vivo and in vitro, and with pharmacological agonists and antagonists. The evidence derived from these studies is presented and discussed. Questionable specificity of the agents used makes interpretation difficult. Similarly, dopamine infusion rates used in man and animals have resulted in plasma concentrations far in excess of those found normally and these pharmacological concentrations have been shown to alter both the clearance rate of exogenous angiotensin II, and the pattern of steroid response to ACTH. Direct study of adrenal tissue has provided more promising results. The adrenal cortex possesses specific dopamine receptors and dopamine has been shown to modify aldosterone biosynthesis in vitro. Moreover, dopamine is present in adrenocortical tissue in concentrations in the range calculated to operate the receptors. However, there is, as yet, no evidence that dopamine concentrations change in a physiological meaningful way, for example, during changes in sodium status.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fraser
- MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
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Lass NA, Glock D, Goldberg LI. Cardiovascular and renal hemodynamic effects of intravenous infusions of the selective DA1 agonist, fenoldopam, used alone or in combination with dopamine and dobutamine. Circulation 1988; 78:1310-5. [PMID: 2902941 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.78.5.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fenoldopam (0.1 and 0.2 microgram/kg/min i.v.) was administered to pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs alone and combined with dopamine (DA) and dobutamine. Renal blood flow, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were measured. Both dosages of fenoldopam increased renal blood flow without altering blood pressure, similar to the effects of DA (1 and 2 micrograms/kg/min). Administration of fenoldopam with only DA (1 microgram/kg/min) produced further increase in renal blood flow. After administration of phenoxybenzamine (15 mg/kg i.v.), DA produced significant increments in renal blood flow and reductions in renal vascular resistance when compared with experiments without phenoxybenzamine, suggesting even low dosages of DA exert alpha-adrenoceptor agonist activity. Dobutamine (2 and 4 micrograms/kg/min) increased renal blood flow about 37% of that produced by DA. Fenoldopam added to dobutamine produced similar increments in renal blood flow as DA. Fenoldopam did not affect the increase in cardiac contractile force produced by DA and dobutamine. Thus, fenoldopam alone or in combination with DA had no advantage over 2 and 4 micrograms/kg/min DA to further increase renal blood flow. In contrast, fenoldopam with dobutamine produced greater increments in cardiac contractile force than DA and equivalent increases in renal blood flow as DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Lass
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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34
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Hashizume K, Ogihara T, Yamatodani A, Yamamoto T, Wada H, Kumahara Y. Plasma levels and renal clearance of two isomers of dopamine sulfate in patients with essential hypertension. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. PART A, THEORY AND PRACTICE 1988; 10:561-74. [PMID: 3390960 DOI: 10.3109/10641968809033909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two isomers of dopamine sulfate, dopamine 3-O-sulfate(3-O-S) and dopamine 4-O-sulfate(4-O-S), in the plasma and urine of patients with essential hypertension and normotensive controls were measured by HPLC-fluorometry. The plasma level of 3-O-S was significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensive controls (20.9 +/- 2.2 pmol/ml and 16.3 +/- 1.4 pmol/ml respectively, p less than 0.05) and the plasma levels of 4-O-S were slightly increased in hypertensive patients. The plasma level of 3-O-S was correlated with the serum level of creatinine in both normotensives and hypertensives. In hypertensives, the plasma level of 3-O-S was also correlated with that of noradrenaline. However the creatinine clearances were similar in the two groups, the urinary clearance of 3-O-S was slightly lower in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensive controls. These data indicate that the plasma level of 3-O-S is elevated in essential hypertension because of the abnormality in dopaminergic metabolism and renal disturbance in its excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hashizume
- Department of Medicine & Geriatrics, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
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Lombardi C, De Cotiis R, Spedini C, Missale C, Memo M, Spano PF. Reversal by the selective D-2 dopamine receptor blocker sulpiride of the hypotensive effect of co-dergocrine in elderly hypertensives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 33:519-21. [PMID: 2962878 DOI: 10.1007/bf00544247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to define the role of peripheral dopaminergic mechanisms in the regulation of blood pressure. The data suggest that the hypotensive effect of the dopaminergic agonist co-dergocrine in elderly hypertensive patients is mediated by interaction with peripheral DA-2 receptors, since it was reversed by the selective antagonist sulpiride in a dose that does not significantly cross the blood brain barrier. The findings suggest the possible therapeutic use of dopamine DA-2 agonists in elderly hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lombardi
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Orsola Hospital, Brescia, Italy
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Alföldi A, Farsang C. Metoclopramide decreases baroreflex sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. Life Sci 1987; 40:1469-72. [PMID: 3561160 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of metoclopramide (10 mg, iv.) or physiological saline on the exercise-induced (standardized bicycle ergometry) increase in blood pressure and heart rate of patients with essential hypertension was investigated in a double blind, randomized, self controlled study. Metoclopramide had no effect on the exercise-induced increase in blood pressure but significantly enhanced the tachycardia due to ergometry after 4-6 min exercise. The mean slope of linear regression lines calculated from the systolic blood pressure and the corresponding heart rate measured before and during (at 1,2,3,4,5 min) exercise after metoclopramide was significantly steeper than after physiological saline (1.1 +/- 0.12 vs 0.79 +/- 0.09; mean +/- SEM), indicating the decrease in baroreflex sensitivity after metoclopramide. On the basis of results the possible role of endogenous dopaminergic mechanisms in suppressing some components of pressor effect of physical exercise can be hypothesized.
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Yoshimura M, Kambara S, Takahashi H, Okabayashi H, Ijichi H. Involvement of dopamine in development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat: effect of carbidopa, inhibitor of peripheral dopa decarboxylase. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. PART A, THEORY AND PRACTICE 1987; 9:1585-99. [PMID: 3677444 DOI: 10.3109/10641968709159004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The demonstration of acceleration of hypertension was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with carbidopa, inhibitor of peripheral dopa decarboxylase. Oral administration of carbidopa to young SHR for 4 weeks accelerated significantly (P less than 0.05) development of hypertension as compared to SHR treated with vehicle. Urinary excretion of dopamine (DA) (P less than 0.01) and renal content of DA (P less than 0.02) were significantly decreased by carbidopa treatment. Urinary excretion of sodium (P less than 0.05) was significantly decreased and renal content of norepinephrine (NE) (P less than 0.01) was significantly increased by carbidopa. Urinary excretion of NE and epinephrine (E) did not change during the experimental period. Negative correlation between systolic blood pressure and urinary excretion of sodium (P less than 0.05) or dopamine (P less than 0.01) and positive correlation between systolic blood pressure and renal content of NE (P less than 0.05) were significantly observed in both groups of SHR treated with carbidopa and with vehicle for 4 weeks. These results suggest that decreased DA biosynthesis in peripheral tissues accelerates development of hypertension mediated by decrease of natriuresis and enhanced release of NE in the kidneys of SHR. DA plays an important role in regulation of blood pressure, and reduced dopaminergic mechanisms enhance blood pressure in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshimura
- Department of Medicine II, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Kuchel O, Racz K, Debinski W, Falardeau P, Buu NT. Contrasting dopaminergic patterns in two forms of genetic hypertension. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. PART A, THEORY AND PRACTICE 1987; 9:987-1008. [PMID: 3621631 DOI: 10.3109/10641968709161461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic mechanisms in genetic hypertension were explored via the measurement of catecholamine (CA) turnover, tissue concentration and urinary excretion of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites. In salt-sensitive (S) Dahl rats, the tissue concentration and urinary excretion of DA and its metabolites were decreased in response to salt loading, while adrenal dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) activity and aldosterone responsiveness to angiotensin II (A II) were increased. In contrast, spontaneously-hypertensive rats (SHR) showed elevated tissue levels and urinary excretion of DA and its metabolites, adrenal DA turnover and ganglionic DA generation following cholinergic stimulation, but D beta H activity and aldosterone responsiveness to A II were diminished. These two patterns, the hypodopaminergic state in Dahl S rats and the hyperdopaminergic state in SHR, account for two distinct mechanisms of hypertension and precede its development. We detected striking dopaminergic activity-related similarities between Dahl S rats and low-renin essential hypertension (EH) on the one hand, and SHR and non-modulator EH patients on the other.
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Yoshimura M, Kambara S, Okabayashi H, Takahashi H, Ijichi H. Effect of decreased dopamine synthesis on the development of hypertension induced by salt loading in spontaneously hypertensive rats. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. PART A, THEORY AND PRACTICE 1987; 9:1141-57. [PMID: 3621632 DOI: 10.3109/10641968709160039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To clarify role of dopamine in the development of hypertension, the effect of a dopamine synthesis inhibitor on blood pressure and urinary output of catecholamines was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed with high sodium diet. Rats were orally given carbidopa, an inhibitor of peripheral DOPA decarboxylase, or the vehicle for 4 weeks. Carbidopa administration accelerated significantly the development of hypertension as compared to the control SHRs with the vehicle. Carbidopa administration resulted in a significant decrease of urinary excreted sodium, urinary dopamine and renal content of dopamine. Conversely, carbidopa administration resulted in a significant increase of urinary excreted norepinephrine, urinary epinephrine and renal content of norepinephrine as compared with control SHRs. These results suggest that decreased dopamine synthesis in kidneys and probably other peripheral tissue accelerates the development of hypertension, mediated by a decrease of natriuresis and an enhancement of sympatho-adrenomedullary activity. Dopamine plays an important role in its protective action against the development of hypertension enhanced by salt loading, and decreased dopaminergic mechanisms accelerated hypertension in SHR.
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41
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Goldberg LI, Murphy MB. Potential use of DA1 and DA2 receptor agonists in the treatment of hypertension. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. PART A, THEORY AND PRACTICE 1987; 9:1023-35. [PMID: 3304726 DOI: 10.3109/10641968709161463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Will dopamine (DA) agonists have a role in the treatment of hypertension? Recent advances of medicinal chemistry and receptor pharmacology have suggested a positive answer. First, the division of DA receptors into two subtypes, DA1 and DA2, and the differentiation of these receptors from other receptors have resulted in the synthesis of relatively selective agonists and antagonists. Second, agonists of DA1 and DA2 receptors have been shown to decrease blood pressure in experimental animals and hypertensive patients. Review of clinical data with DA1, DA2, and combination of DA1 and DA2 agonists not only has demonstrated efficacy, but has revealed problems in the use of these compounds. Finally, possible solutions of these problems will be discussed.
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Goldberg LI. Dopamine receptor subtypes and hypertension. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION. PART A, THEORY AND PRACTICE 1987; 9:833-6. [PMID: 3621628 DOI: 10.3109/10641968709161452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Barnett R, Singhal PC, Scharschmidt LA, Schlondorff D. Dopamine attenuates the contractile response to angiotensin II in isolated rat glomeruli and cultured mesangial cells. Circ Res 1986; 59:529-33. [PMID: 3467880 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.59.5.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that dopamine may alter kidney function by actions not only in the renal vasculature but also at the glomerular-mesangial level. We studied this phenomenon by examining the ability of dopamine to antagonize the contractile properties of angiotensin II in isolated rat glomeruli and cultured mesangial cells. In isolated rat glomeruli angiotensin II caused a decrease in the planar surface area, indicating glomerular contraction, an effect that was abolished by coincubation with dopamine. Angiotensin II also mediated shape changes in cultured mesangial cells, which resulted in a decline in their planar areas. Simultaneous addition of dopamine prevented these decreases in cell size. In mesangial cells grown on a flexible silicone rubber support, angiotensin II addition enhanced wrinkling of the mobile surface. This indicated that the angiotensin-II-induced decrease in cell size observed in cells grown on conventional substrata represented contraction. Conversely, dopamine caused a rapid reduction in wrinkling of the surfaces from control cells as well as those previously treated with angiotensin II, actions consistent with cell relaxation. The prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin did not alter the ability of dopamine to attenuate angiotensin-II-associated reductions in mesangial cell surface area. Direct determination of mesangial cell prostaglandin-E2 production showed that dopamine did not change either basal synthesis or angiotensin-II-stimulated synthesis of prostaglandin. The results demonstrate that dopamine antagonizes the constrictor effect of angiotensin II at the glomerular-mesangial level. This action of dopamine is prostaglandin independent. These findings support a role for dopamine in the regulation of glomerular filtration and may provide a rationale for its use during states of renal vasoconstriction.
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Worth DP, Harvey JN, Brown J, Worral A, Lee MR. Domperidone treatment in man inhibits the fall in plasma renin activity induced by intravenous gamma-L-glutamyl-L-dopa. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 21:497-502. [PMID: 3087398 PMCID: PMC1401036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine pro-drug gamma-L-glutamyl-L-dopa (gludopa) was administered intravenously to six normal subjects at a dose of 12.5 micrograms min-1 kg-1, either with or without the dopamine antagonist domperidone. A control was provided by the intravenous infusion of domperidone and saline on a separate occasion. Intravenous gludopa produced a significant natriuresis, whether administered alone or in combination with domperidone. After gludopa infusion, there was a significant fall in plasma renin activity, an effect which was attenuated significantly by concomitant treatment with domperidone. These observations suggest that blockade of renal DA2 dopamine receptors has little or no effect on gludopa-induced natriuresis, but that at least part of the dopaminergic inhibition of renin release is mediated by renal DA2 receptors.
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McCoy CE, Douglas FL, Goldberg LI. Selective antagonism of the hypotensive effects of dopamine agonists in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1986; 8:298-302. [PMID: 2870024 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.8.4.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Agonists of dopamine receptors can lower blood pressure by vasodilation through action on dopamine1 receptors, inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity by action on dopamine2 receptors, or actions in the central nervous system. Fenoldopam, a selective dopamine1 agonist, piribedil, a selective dopamine2 agonist, and dipropyl dopamine, a mixed dopamine1 and dopamine2 agonist, were injected intravenously in pentobarbital-anesthetized, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The mechanism for the antihypertensive effect was evaluated by administration of the selective dopamine1 antagonist SCH 23390 and the selective dopamine2 antagonist domperidone. While SCH 23390 only antagonized the hypotensive effects of fenoldopam, domperidone abolished the fall in blood pressure produced by dipropyl dopamine and piribedil but not by fenoldopam. Increments in heart rate and plasma norepinephrine levels accompanied the hypotensive effects of fenoldopam. The increase in heart rate was abolished by a dose of SCH 23390 sufficient to completely block the hypotensive effects and was significantly attenuated by the ganglionic blocking agent hexamethonium, which suggests that the increase in heart rate was due to a baroreceptor reflex. Fenoldopam does not cross the blood-brain barrier, which suggests that its hypotensive effect was mediated by peripheral dopamine1 receptors. Since domperidone does not cross the blood-brain barrier and significantly antagonized the hypotensive and bradycardic effects of dipropyl dopamine and piribedil, these effects were mediated primarily by peripheral dopamine2 receptors. These results indicate that SCH 23390 and domperidone are useful agents to identify the receptor subtype mediating the action of dopamine agonists in SHR.
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47
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Goldberg LI, Rajfer SI. The role of adrenergic and dopamine receptors. HOSPITAL PRACTICE (OFFICE ED.) 1985; 20:67-80. [PMID: 2861208 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.1985.11703072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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