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Ogunleye A, Piyawajanusorn C, Ghislat G, Ballester PJ. Large-Scale Machine Learning Analysis Reveals DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Response Signatures for Gemcitabine-Treated Pancreatic Cancer. HEALTH DATA SCIENCE 2024; 4:0108. [PMID: 38486621 PMCID: PMC10904073 DOI: 10.34133/hds.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background: Gemcitabine is a first-line chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), but many PAAD patients do not respond to gemcitabine-containing treatments. Being able to predict such nonresponders would hence permit the undelayed administration of more promising treatments while sparing gemcitabine life-threatening side effects for those patients. Unfortunately, the few predictors of PAAD patient response to this drug are weak, none of them exploiting yet the power of machine learning (ML). Methods: Here, we applied ML to predict the response of PAAD patients to gemcitabine from the molecular profiles of their tumors. More concretely, we collected diverse molecular profiles of PAAD patient tumors along with the corresponding clinical data (gemcitabine responses and clinical features) from the Genomic Data Commons resource. From systematically combining 8 tumor profiles with 16 classification algorithms, each of the resulting 128 ML models was evaluated by multiple 10-fold cross-validations. Results: Only 7 of these 128 models were predictive, which underlines the importance of carrying out such a large-scale analysis to avoid missing the most predictive models. These were here random forest using 4 selected mRNAs [0.44 Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), 0.785 receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC)] and XGBoost combining 12 DNA methylation probes (0.32 MCC, 0.697 ROC-AUC). By contrast, the hENT1 marker obtained much worse random-level performance (practically 0 MCC, 0.5 ROC-AUC). Despite not being trained to predict prognosis (overall and progression-free survival), these ML models were also able to anticipate this patient outcome. Conclusions: We release these promising ML models so that they can be evaluated prospectively on other gemcitabine-treated PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu Ogunleye
- Department of Organismal Biology,
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ghita Ghislat
- Department of Life Sciences,
Imperial College London, London, UK
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2
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Das S, Dey MK, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. Biomarkers in Cancer Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:37. [PMID: 38202898 PMCID: PMC10780704 DOI: 10.3390/s24010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers are vital in healthcare as they provide valuable insights into disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and personalized medicine. They serve as objective indicators, enabling early detection and intervention, leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced costs. Biomarkers also guide treatment decisions by predicting disease outcomes and facilitating individualized treatment plans. They play a role in monitoring disease progression, adjusting treatments, and detecting early signs of recurrence. Furthermore, biomarkers enhance drug development and clinical trials by identifying suitable patients and accelerating the approval process. In this review paper, we described a variety of biomarkers applicable for cancer detection and diagnosis, such as imaging-based diagnosis (CT, SPECT, MRI, and PET), blood-based biomarkers (proteins, genes, mRNA, and peptides), cell imaging-based diagnosis (needle biopsy and CTC), tissue imaging-based diagnosis (IHC), and genetic-based biomarkers (RNAseq, scRNAseq, and spatial transcriptomics).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (S.D.); (M.K.D.); (R.D.)
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3
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Jiang Z, Wu F, Laise P, Takayuki T, Na F, Kim W, Kobayashi H, Chang W, Takahashi R, Valenti G, Sunagawa M, White RA, Macchini M, Renz BW, Middelhoff M, Hayakawa Y, Dubeykovskaya ZA, Tan X, Chu TH, Nagar K, Tailor Y, Belin BR, Anand A, Asfaha S, Finlayson MO, Iuga AC, Califano A, Wang TC. Tff2 defines transit-amplifying pancreatic acinar progenitors that lack regenerative potential and are protective against Kras-driven carcinogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1091-1109.e7. [PMID: 37541213 PMCID: PMC10414754 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
While adult pancreatic stem cells are thought not to exist, it is now appreciated that the acinar compartment harbors progenitors, including tissue-repairing facultative progenitors (FPs). Here, we study a pancreatic acinar population marked by trefoil factor 2 (Tff2) expression. Long-term lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of Tff2-DTR-CreERT2-targeted cells defines a transit-amplifying progenitor (TAP) population that contributes to normal homeostasis. Following acute and chronic injury, Tff2+ cells, distinct from FPs, undergo depopulation but are eventually replenished. At baseline, oncogenic KrasG12D-targeted Tff2+ cells are resistant to PDAC initiation. However, KrasG12D activation in Tff2+ cells leads to survival and clonal expansion following pancreatitis and a cancer stem/progenitor cell-like state. Selective ablation of Tff2+ cells prior to KrasG12D activation in Mist1+ acinar or Dclk1+ FP cells results in enhanced tumorigenesis, which can be partially rescued by adenoviral Tff2 treatment. Together, Tff2 defines a pancreatic TAP population that protects against Kras-driven carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Jiang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feijing Wu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Pasquale Laise
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; DarwinHealth Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Tanaka Takayuki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fu Na
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Woosook Kim
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenju Chang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masaki Sunagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth A White
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Macchini
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernhard W Renz
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Middelhoff
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, CU and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zinaida A Dubeykovskaya
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangtian Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy H Chu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karan Nagar
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yagnesh Tailor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bryana R Belin
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akanksha Anand
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel Asfaha
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael O Finlayson
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alina C Iuga
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; DarwinHealth Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Lei S, Du X, Tan K, He X, Zhu Y, Zhao S, Yang Z, Dou G. CRP‑1 promotes the malignant behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:314. [PMID: 37273753 PMCID: PMC10236095 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. It has been reported that cysteine rich protein 1 (CRP-1) is dysregulated in several types of human cancer; however, its role in HCC is poorly understood. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the role of CRP-1 in HCC. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results showed that CRP-1 was upregulated in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, for in vitro experiments, CRP-1 was knocked down and overexpressed in the HCC cell lines Hep 3B2.1-7 and BEL-7405, respectively. c-Myc and proliferating cell nuclear antigen upregulation, and cleaved caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase downregulation suggested that CRP-1 silencing could inhibit the proliferation and colony-forming ability of HCC cells, and induce apoptosis. In addition, CRP-1 overexpression promoted the malignant behavior of HCC cells and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as verified by E-cadherin downregulation, and N-cadherin and vimentin upregulation. Additionally, CRP-1 overexpression promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and activated the expression of cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-7. Furthermore, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, following cell treatment with XAV-939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, abrogated the effects of CRP-1 on enhancing the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. These findings indicated that the regulatory effect of CRP-1 on HCC cells could be mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Overall, CRP-1 could promote the proliferation and migration of HCC cell lines, partially via promoting EMT and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Lei
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yejing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Shoujie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Gang Dou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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5
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Morishita A, Oura K, Tadokoro T, Shi T, Fujita K, Tani J, Atsukawa M, Masaki T. Galectin-9 in Gastroenterological Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076174. [PMID: 37047155 PMCID: PMC10094448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunochemotherapy has become popular in recent years. The detailed mechanisms of cancer immunity are being elucidated, and new developments are expected in the future. Apoptosis allows tissues to maintain their form, quantity, and function by eliminating excess or abnormal cells. When apoptosis is inhibited, the balance between cell division and death is disrupted and tissue homeostasis is impaired. This leads to dysfunction and the accumulation of genetically abnormal cells, which can contribute to carcinogenesis. Lectins are neither enzymes nor antibodies but proteins that bind sugar chains. Among soluble endogenous lectins, galectins interact with cell surface sugar chains outside the cell to regulate signal transduction and cell growth. On the other hand, intracellular lectins are present at the plasma membrane and regulate signal transduction by regulating receptor–ligand interactions. Galectin-9 expressed on the surface of thymocytes induces apoptosis of T lymphocytes and plays an essential role in immune self-tolerance by negative selection in the thymus. Furthermore, the administration of extracellular galectin-9 induces apoptosis of human cancer and immunodeficient cells. However, the detailed pharmacokinetics of galectin-9 in vivo have not been elucidated. In addition, the cell surface receptors involved in galectin-9-induced apoptosis of cancer cells have not been identified, and the intracellular pathways involved in apoptosis have not been fully investigated. We have previously reported that galectin-9 induces apoptosis in various gastrointestinal cancers and suppresses tumor growth. However, the mechanism of galectin-9 and apoptosis induction in gastrointestinal cancers and the detailed mechanisms involved in tumor growth inhibition remain unknown. In this article, we review the effects of galectin-9 on gastrointestinal cancers and its mechanisms.
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6
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Raut P, Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Clinical and Molecular Attributes and Evaluation of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasm. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188851. [PMID: 36535512 PMCID: PMC9898173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are all considered "Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs)" and show a varying risk of developing into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These lesions display different molecular characteristics, mutations, and clinical manifestations. A lack of detailed understanding of PCN subtype characteristics and their molecular mechanisms limits the development of efficient diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for these lesions. Proper in vivo mouse models that mimic human PCNs are also needed to study the molecular mechanisms and for therapeutic testing. A comprehensive understanding of the current status of PCN biology, mechanisms, current diagnostic methods, and therapies will help in the early detection and proper management of patients with these lesions and PDAC. This review aims to describe all these aspects of PCNs, specifically IPMNs, by describing the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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7
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Turan H, Vitale SG, Kahramanoglu I, Della Corte L, Giampaolino P, Azemi A, Durmus S, Sal V, Tokgozoglu N, Bese T, Arvas M, Demirkiran F, Gelisgen R, Ilvan S, Uzun H. Diagnostic and prognostic role of TFF3, Romo-1, NF-кB and SFRP4 as biomarkers for endometrial and ovarian cancers: a prospective observational translational study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:2105-2114. [PMID: 35461390 PMCID: PMC9633503 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4), reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as diagnostic and prognostic markers of endometrial cancer (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC). Methods Thirty-one patients with EC and 30 patients with OC undergone surgical treatment were enrolled together with 30 healthy controls in a prospective study. Commercial ELISA kits determined serum TFF-3, Romo-1, NF-кB and sFRP-4 concentrations. Results Serum TFF-3, Romo-1 and NF-кB levels were significantly higher in patients with EC and OC than those without cancer. Regarding EC, none of the serum biomarkers differs significantly between endometrial and non-endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. Mean serum TFF-3 and NF-кB levels were significantly higher in advanced stages. Increased serum levels of TFF-3 and NF-кB were found in those with a higher grade of the disease. Regarding OC, none of the serum biomarkers differed significantly among histological subtypes. Significantly increased serum levels of NF-кB were observed in patients with advanced-stage OC than those with stage I and II diseases. No difference in serum biomarker levels was found between those who had a recurrence and those who had not. The sensibility and specificity of these four biomarkers in discriminating EC and OC from the control group showed encouraging values, although no one reached 70%. Conclusions TFF-3, Romo-1, NF-кB and SFRP4 could represent new diagnostic and prognostic markers for OC and EC. Further studies are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Health Science University, Cam Sakura Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salvatore Giovanni Vitale
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | | | - Luigi Della Corte
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Giampaolino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, Naples, Italy
| | - Asli Azemi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Sal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nedim Tokgozoglu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugan Bese
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Macit Arvas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fuat Demirkiran
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Remise Gelisgen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sennur Ilvan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Cheng F, Wang X, Chiou YS, He C, Guo H, Tan YQ, Basappa B, Zhu T, Pandey V, Lobie PE. Trefoil factor 3 promotes pancreatic carcinoma progression via WNT pathway activation mediated by enhanced WNT ligand expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:265. [PMID: 35332126 PMCID: PMC8948291 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality with a dismal prognosis that has changed little over the past few decades. Further understanding of the molecular pathology of PDAC progression is urgently required in order to improve the prognosis of patients with PDAC. Herein, it was observed that trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression was elevated in PDAC, and was positively correlated with a worse overall patient survival outcome. Forced expression of TFF3 promoted oncogenic functions of PDAC cells in vitro including cell proliferation, survival, foci formation, cancer stem cell-like behavior and invasion, ex vivo colony growth in 3D-Matrigel, and xenograft growth in vivo. Depletion or pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 inhibited these same processes. RNA-Seq analysis and subsequent mechanistic analyses demonstrated that TFF3 increased the expression of various WNT ligands to mediate WNT pathway activation required for TFF3-stimulated PDAC progression. Combined pharmacological inhibition of TFF3 and WNT signaling significantly attenuated PDAC xenograft growth and potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in both ex vivo and in vivo models. Hence, a mechanistic basis for combined inhibition of pathways enhancing PDAC progression is provided and suggests that inhibition of TFF3 may assist to ameliorate outcomes in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejuan Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyu He
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570005, India
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and The Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Mikolajewicz N, Khan S, Trifoi M, Skakdoub A, Ignatchenko V, Mansouri S, Zuccato J, Zacharia BE, Glantz M, Zadeh G, Moffat J, Kislinger T, Mansouri A. Leveraging the CSF proteome toward minimally-invasive diagnostics surveillance of brain malignancies. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac161. [PMID: 36382110 PMCID: PMC9639356 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis and prognostication of intra-axial brain tumors hinges on invasive brain sampling, which carries risk of morbidity. Minimally-invasive sampling of proximal fluids, also known as liquid biopsy, can mitigate this risk. Our objective was to identify diagnostic and prognostic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomic signatures in glioblastoma (GBM), brain metastases (BM), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL). Methods CSF samples were retrospectively retrieved from the Penn State Neuroscience Biorepository and profiled using shotgun proteomics. Proteomic signatures were identified using machine learning classifiers and survival analyses. Results Using 30 µL CSF volumes, we recovered 755 unique proteins across 73 samples. Proteomic-based classifiers identified malignancy with area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.94 and distinguished between tumor entities with AUROC ≥0.95. More clinically relevant triplex classifiers, comprised of just three proteins, distinguished between tumor entities with AUROC of 0.75-0.89. Novel biomarkers were identified, including GAP43, TFF3 and CACNA2D2, and characterized using single cell RNA sequencing. Survival analyses validated previously implicated prognostic signatures, including blood-brain barrier disruption. Conclusions Reliable classification of intra-axial malignancies using low CSF volumes is feasible, allowing for longitudinal tumor surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mara Trifoi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Skakdoub
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sheila Mansouri
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Zuccato
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brad E Zacharia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Glantz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters Hamilton Neuro-Oncology Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Thomas Kislinger, PhD, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Room 9-807, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L8, Canada ()
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Corresponding Authors: Alireza Mansouri, MD, MSc, Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, 30 Hope Drive Suite 1200, Hershey, PA, 17011, USA ()
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10
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Kremsreiter SM, Kroell ASH, Weinberger K, Boehm H. Glycan-Lectin Interactions in Cancer and Viral Infections and How to Disrupt Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10577. [PMID: 34638920 PMCID: PMC8508825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play an essential role in different cellular processes. One of their main functions is involvement in the immune response to pathogens or inflammation. However, cancer cells and viruses have adapted to avail themselves of these interactions. By displaying specific glycosylation structures, they are able to bind to lectins, thus promoting pathogenesis. While glycan-lectin interactions promote tumor progression, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance in cancer, in viral infections they are important for viral entry, release, and/or immune escape. For several years now, a growing number of investigations have been devoted to clarifying the role of glycan-lectin interactions in cancer and viral infections. Various overviews have already summarized and highlighted their findings. In this review, we consider the interactions of the lectins MGL, DC-SIGN, selectins, and galectins in both cancer and viral infections together. A possible transfer of ways to target and disrupt them might lead to new therapeutic approaches in different pathological backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maria Kremsreiter
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Ann-Sophie Helene Kroell
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weinberger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Heike Boehm
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Lu X. Structure and functions of T-cell immunoglobulin-domain and mucin- domain protein 3 in cancer. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1851-1865. [PMID: 34365943 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210806120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-domain and mucin-domain (TIM) proteins represent a family of receptors expressed on T-cells that play essential cellular immunity roles. The TIM proteins span across the membrane belonging to type I transmembrane proteins. The N terminus contains an Ig-like V-type domain and a Ser/Thr-rich mucin stalk as a co-inhibitory receptor. The C-terminal tail oriented toward the cytosol predominantly mediates intracellular signaling. METHODS This review discusses the structural features and functions of TIM-3, specifically on its role in mediating immune responses in different cell types, and the rationale for TIM-3-targeted cancer immunotherapy. RESULTS TIM-3 has gained significant importance to be a potential biomarker in cancer immunotherapy. It has been shown that blockade with checkpoint inhibitors promotes anti-tumor immunity and inhibits tumor growth in several preclinical tumor models. CONCLUSION TIM-3 is an immune regulating molecule expressed on several cell types, including IFNγ-producing T-cells, FoxP3+ Treg cells, and innate immune cells. The roles of TIM-3 in immunosuppression support its merit as a target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Lu
- The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, SW3 6LR. United Kingdom
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12
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Khan AA, Liu X, Yan X, Tahir M, Ali S, Huang H. An overview of genetic mutations and epigenetic signatures in the course of pancreatic cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:245-272. [PMID: 33423164 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is assumed to be an intimidating and deadly malignancy due to being the leading cause of cancer-led mortality, predominantly affecting males of older age. The overall (5 years) survival rate of PC is less than 9% and is anticipated to be aggravated in the future due to the lack of molecular acquaintance and diagnostic tools for its early detection. Multiple factors are involved in the course of PC development, including genetics, cigarette smoking, alcohol, family history, and aberrant epigenetic signatures of the epigenome. In this review, we will mainly focus on the genetic mutations and epigenetic signature of PC. Multiple tumor suppressor and oncogene mutations are involved in PC initiation, including K-RAS, p53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4. The mutational frequency of these genes ranges from 50 to 98% in PC. The nature of mutation diagnosis is mostly homozygous deletion, point mutation, and aberrant methylation. In addition to genetic modification, epigenetic alterations particularly aberrant hypermethylation and hypomethylation also predispose patients to PC. Hypermethylation is mostly involved in the downregulation of tumor suppressor genes and leads to PC, while multiple genes also represent a hypomethylation status in PC. Several renewable drugs and detection tools have been developed to cope with this aggressive malady, but all are futile, and surgical resection remains the only choice for prolonged survival if diagnosed before metastasis. However, the available therapeutic development is insufficient to cure PC. Therefore, novel approaches are a prerequisite to elucidating the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying PC progression for healthier lifelong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ali Khan
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xinlong Yan
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Sakhawat Ali
- College of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hua Huang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100124, China.
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13
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Katsukura N, Watanabe S, Shirasaki T, Hibiya S, Kano Y, Akahoshi K, Tanabe M, Kirimura S, Akashi T, Kitagawa M, Okamoto R, Watanabe M, Tsuchiya K. Intestinal phenotype is maintained by Atoh1 in the cancer region of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:932-944. [PMID: 33275808 PMCID: PMC7894004 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a precancerous lesion of pancreatic cancer. Although there are 4 types of IPMN, among which intestinal-type IPMN is likely to progress into invasive cancer known as colloid carcinoma, no information regarding the involvement of the intestinal phenotype in the carcinogenesis of IPMN exists. The present study was conducted to explore how the intestinal differentiation system is maintained during the tumor progression of intestinal-type IPMN using surgical resection specimens. Results showed that Atoh1, a critical transcriptional factor for intestinal differentiation toward the secretory lineages of intestinal epithelial cells, was expressed in an invasive-grade IPMN. To determine the function of Atoh1 in pancreatic cancer, we generated a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell line overexpressing Atoh1. In a xenograft model, we successfully induced an IPMN phenotype in PDAC cells via Atoh1 induction. Finally, for the first time, we discovered that GPA33 is expressed in intestinal-type IPMN, thereby suggesting a novel target for cancer therapy. In conclusion, the intestinal differentiation system might be maintained during tumor progression of intestinal-type IPMN. Further analysis of the function of Atoh1 in IPMN might be useful for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the malignant potential during the tumor progression of IPMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Katsukura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shirasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Hibiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kano
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Precision Cancer Medicine, Graduate School, Center for Innovative Cancer Treatment, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Kirimura
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Research Institute, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Ma BB, Zhang TJ, Wang CZ, Xu ZJ, Zhou JD, Gu Y, Ma JC, Deng ZQ, Lin J, Qian J. Methylation-independent CRIP1 expression is a potential biomarker affecting prognosis in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4840-4852. [PMID: 33042393 PMCID: PMC7540098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of CRIP1 has been identified in numerous solid tumors. However, CRIP1 expression and its regulation are little known in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression and regulation of CRIP1 and the clinical implications of CRIP1 aberration in AML. Real-time quantitative PCR was carried out to detect the level of CRIP1 expression in 138 AML patients and 38 controls. CRIP1 methylation was detected by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing PCR. Five public available AML datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were further analyzed. The level of CRIP1 expression was up-regulated in AML patients compared with controls (P = 0.045). CRIP1 high patients had a significantly lower complete remission (CR) rate than CRIP1 low patients (P = 0.020). CRIP1 high group had a shorter overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) than CRIP1 low group in cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) patients (P = 0.007 and 0.012, respectively). Multivariate analysis further confirmed that high CRIP1 expression was an independent risk factor for LFS in CN-AML patients (P = 0.005). However, we found that CRIP1 expression was not associated with the status of its promoter, which was nearly fully unmethylated both in controls and AML patients. Furthermore, our results were validated using the published GEO datasets and TCGA datasets. Our findings suggest that high CRIP1 expression is independently related with unfavorable prognosis in CN-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Ma
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui-Zhu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hai’an People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong UniversityNantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang CityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang CityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang CityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang CityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Xia P, Gu R, Zhang W, Sun YF. lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 Overexpression Inhibits Proliferation and Migration and Stimulates Apoptosis of OS Cells via Notch Signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:1470-1481. [PMID: 32160715 PMCID: PMC7056609 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy derived from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles have been intensively studied for their involvement in OS. Herein, we clarify whether lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 is a regulator of NCOR2 in OS cells. Microarray-based expression analysis identified OS-related differentially expressed lncRNA and predicted microRNAs (miRs) binding to lncRNA and mRNA. lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and NCOR2 were found to be weakly expressed in OS tissues and cells. Next, functional investigation revealed that lncRNAs CEBPA-AS1 bound to miR-10b-5p to upregulate NCOR2. Following that, gene-targeted knockdown and overexpressed recombinant vectors of lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and NCOR2 were constructed to explore the effects of lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 and NCOR2 on cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Finally, tumor formation was measured in nude mice. lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 overexpression or NCOR2 elevation inhibited cell proliferation and migration, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone gla protein (BGP) activity, while enhancing apoptosis and tumor formation. Furthermore, NCOR2 was elevated in response to lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 overexpression, thus repressing the Notch signaling pathway. Taken together, lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 overexpression inhibits OS progression through diminishing activation of the Notch signaling pathway via upregulating NCOR2. Therefore, lncRNA CEBPA-AS1 may serve as a molecular target for treating OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P.R. China.
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16
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Pontious C, Kaul S, Hong M, Hart PA, Krishna SG, Lara L, Conwell DL, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Cathepsin E expression and activity: Role in the detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2019; 19:951-956. [PMID: 31582345 PMCID: PMC6829043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin E (CTSE) is an intracellular, hydrolytic aspartic protease found to be expressed in cells of the immune and gastrointestinal systems, lymphoid tissues, erythrocytes, and cancer cells. The precise functions are not fully understood; however, various studies have investigated its numerous cell-type specific roles. CTSE expression has been shown to be a potential early biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC patients have low survival rates mostly due to the lack of early detection methods. CTSE-specific activity probes have been developed and tested to assist in tumor imaging and functional studies investigating the role of CTSE expression in PDAC tumors. Furthermore, a CTSE protease-specific, photodynamic therapy pro-drug was developed to explore its potential use to treat tumors that express CTSE. Since CTSE is expressed in pancreatic diseases that are risk factors for PDAC, such as pancreatic cysts and chronic pancreatitis, learning about its function in these disease types could assist in early PDAC detection and in understanding the biology of PDAC progression. Overall, CTSE expression and activity shows potential to detect PDAC and other pancreatic diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand its functions and potential translational applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Pontious
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sabrina Kaul
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Marcus Hong
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,Kenyon College, Gambier, OH
| | - Phil A. Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Somashekar G. Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Luis Lara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Darwin L. Conwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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17
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Yusufu A, Shayimu P, Tuerdi R, Fang C, Wang F, Wang H. TFF3 and TFF1 expression levels are elevated in colorectal cancer and promote the malignant behavior of colon cancer by activating the EMT process. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:789-804. [PMID: 31432157 PMCID: PMC6741840 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports on the roles of the secreted trefoil factor (TFF)1 and 3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their underlying mechanisms of action in tumorigenesis are not common and are controversial. In the present study, the mRNA expression and promoter methylation of TFF1 and TFF3 in cancer and adjacent normal tissues were investigated, and their association with other clinical factors and patient prognosis were evaluated. Moreover, the association between TFF3 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was explored by overexpressing or inhibiting TFF3 expression. The results revealed that the mRNA level of TFF1 and TFF3 in the cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the matched adjacent normal tissues (P=0.034 and P=0.007, respectively), and a higher expression of TFF3, but not TFF1, was predominantly associated with clinicopathological factors and a poorer prognosis. No correlation was observed between promoter methylation and the expression of TFF1 or TFF3. The overexpression of TFF3 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of HT29 cells, and induced an increase in the expression of Twist1, Snail and Vimentin, while causing a decrease in E-cadherin expression. On the contrary, the knockdown of TFF3 resulted in opposite effects in the LoVo cells. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that TFF3 may be a promising new factor for the estimation of the survival of patients with CRC, and may promote the malignant progression of CRC by activating the EMT process. Therefore, TFF3 may be a future potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikeremu Yusufu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Paerhati Shayimu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Rousidan Tuerdi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xi Jing Digestive Disease Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xi Jing Digestive Disease Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
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18
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Jahan R, Ganguly K, Smith LM, Atri P, Carmicheal J, Sheinin Y, Rachagani S, Natarajan G, Brand RE, Macha MA, Grandgenett PM, Kaur S, Batra SK. Trefoil factor(s) and CA19.9: A promising panel for early detection of pancreatic cancer. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:375-385. [PMID: 30956167 PMCID: PMC6491718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trefoil factors (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) are small secretory molecules that recently have gained significant attention in multiple studies as an integral component of pancreatic cancer (PC) subtype-specific gene signature. Here, we comprehensively investigated the diagnostic potential of all the member of trefoil family, i.e., TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 in combination with CA19.9 for detection of PC. Methods Trefoil factors (TFFs) gene expression was analyzed in publicly available cancer genome datasets, followed by assessment of their expression in genetically engineered spontaneous mouse model (GEM) of PC (KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre (KC)) and in human tissue microarray consisting of normal pancreas adjacent to tumor (NAT), precursor lesions (PanIN), and various pathological grades of PC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serum TFFs and CA19.9 levels were evaluated via ELISA in comprehensive sample set (n = 362) comprised of independent training and validation sets each containing benign controls (BC), chronic pancreatitis (CP), and various stages of PC. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to examine their diagnostic potential both alone and in combination with CA19.9. Findings The publicly available datasets and expression analysis revealed significant increased expression of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 in human PanINs and PC tissues. Assessment of KC mouse model also suggested upregulated expression of TFFs in PanIN lesions and early stage of PC. In serum analyses studies, TFF1 and TFF2 were significantly elevated in early stages of PC in comparison to benign and CP control group while significant elevation in TFF3 levels were observed in CP group with no further elevation in its level in early stage PC group. In receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses, combination of TFFs with CA19.9 emerged as promising panel for discriminating early stage of PC (EPC) from BC (AUCTFF1+TFF2+TFF3+CA19.9 = 0.93) as well as CP (AUCTFF1+TFF2+TFF3+CA19.9 = 0.93). Notably, at 90% specificity (desired for blood-based biomarker panel), TFFs combination improved CA19.9 sensitivity by 10% and 25% to differentiate EPC from BC and CP respectively. In an independent blinded validation set, the combination of TFFs and CA19.9 (AUCTFF1+TFF2+TFF3+CA19.9 = 0.82) also improved the overall efficacy of CA19.9 (AUCCA19.9 = 0.66) to differentiate EPC from CP proving unique biomarker capabilities of TFFs to distinguish early stage of this deadly lethal disease. Interpretation In silico, tissue and serum analyses validated significantly increased level of all TFFs in precursor lesions and early stages of PC. The combination of TFFs enhanced sensitivity and specificity of CA19.9 to discriminate early stage of PC from benign control and chronic pancreatitis groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Joseph Carmicheal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Randall E Brand
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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19
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Zhang L, Zhou R, Zhang W, Yao X, Li W, Xu L, Sun X, Zhao L. Cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1 suppresses apoptosis and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer through ubiquitin-mediated Fas degradation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:120. [PMID: 30850009 PMCID: PMC6408822 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1 (CRIP1) is highly expressed in human intestine and aberrantly expressed in several types of tumor. However, studies on CRIP1 are limited and its role on tumor development and progression remains controversial and elusive. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of CRIP1 in paired normal and colorectal tumor specimens, as well as colorectal cell lines. Functional assays, such as CCK8, TUNEL assay and in vivo tumor growth assay, were used to detect the proliferation, apoptosis and response to 5-FU of CRIP1. Western blot was used to analyze Fas-mediated pathway induced by CRIP1. Rescue experiments were performed to evaluate the essential role of CRIP1 for Fas-mediated apoptosis. Results We demonstrated that CRIP1 is overexpressed in CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal mucosa. CRIP1 could dramatically recover the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibited CRC cell proliferation in vitro and stimulate the tumor formation of CRC in vivo, probably through inhibiting CRC cell apoptosis. Moreover, CRIP1 also dramatically recovered the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) induced tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. Further study demonstrated that CRIP1 down-regulated the expression of Fas protein and proteins related to Fas-mediated apoptosis. CRIP1 could interact with Fas protein and stimulate its ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, a negative correlation was detected between the expression of CRIP1 and Fas protein in most of the clinical human CRC samples. Conclusion The current research reveals a vital role of CRIP1 in CRC progression, which provide a novel target for clinical drug resistance of colorectal cancer and undoubtedly contributing to the therapeutic strategies in CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1117-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Bernard V, Semaan A, Huang J, San Lucas FA, Mulu FC, Stephens BM, Guerrero PA, Huang Y, Zhao J, Kamyabi N, Sen S, Scheet PA, Taniguchi CM, Kim MP, Tzeng CW, Katz MH, Singhi AD, Maitra A, Alvarez HA. Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Pancreatic Cancer Precursors Demonstrates Epithelial and Microenvironmental Heterogeneity as an Early Event in Neoplastic Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2194-2205. [PMID: 30385653 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains elusive. Precursor lesions of PDAC, specifically intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), represent a bona fide pathway to invasive neoplasia, although the molecular correlates of progression remain to be fully elucidated. Single-cell transcriptomics provides a unique avenue for dissecting both the epithelial and microenvironmental heterogeneities that accompany multistep progression from noninvasive IPMNs to PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed through droplet-based sequencing on 5,403 cells from 2 low-grade IPMNs (LGD-IPMNs), 2 high-grade IPMNs (HGD-IPMN), and 2 PDACs (all surgically resected). RESULTS Analysis of single-cell transcriptomes revealed heterogeneous alterations within the epithelium and the tumor microenvironment during the progression of noninvasive dysplasia to invasive cancer. Although HGD-IPMNs expressed many core signaling pathways described in PDAC, LGD-IPMNs harbored subsets of single cells with a transcriptomic profile that overlapped with invasive cancer. Notably, a proinflammatory immune component was readily seen in low-grade IPMNs, composed of cytotoxic T cells, activated T-helper cells, and dendritic cells, which was progressively depleted during neoplastic progression, accompanied by infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Finally, stromal myofibroblast populations were heterogeneous and acquired a previously described tumor-promoting and immune-evading phenotype during invasive carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the ability to perform high-resolution profiling of the transcriptomic changes that occur during multistep progression of cystic PDAC precursors to cancer. Notably, single-cell analysis provides an unparalleled insight into both the epithelial and microenvironmental heterogeneities that accompany early cancer pathogenesis and might be a useful substrate to identify targets for cancer interception.See related commentary by Hernandez-Barco et al., p. 2027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bernard
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander Semaan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan Huang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - F Anthony San Lucas
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Feven C Mulu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bret M Stephens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paola A Guerrero
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nabiollah Kamyabi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Subrata Sen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul A Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ching-Wei Tzeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hector A Alvarez
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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21
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Liu J, Kim SY, Shin S, Jung SH, Yim SH, Lee JY, Lee SH, Chung YJ. Overexpression of TFF3 is involved in prostate carcinogenesis via blocking mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 30139961 PMCID: PMC6107499 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) is observed in a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), and its potential role in carcinogenesis, such as activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, is suggested. However, its role and its related mechanisms in prostate tumorigenesis remain unknown. To elucidate the role of TFF3 overexpression in PCa, we silenced TFF3 in two PCa cell lines that overexpressed TFF3 and explored the molecular mechanism behind its antiapoptotic role. We also examined TFF3 expression in 108 Korean PCa specimens and 106 normal prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The mean TFF3 IHC score in the tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the normal tissues (4.702 vs. 0.311, P = 2.52 × 10-24). TFF3-silenced cells showed suppressed tumor cell growth and migration. TFF3 silencing decreased BCL2 and increased BAX expression. The translocation of BAX to the mitochondria was also confirmed. After TFF3 silencing, the expression of the mitochondrial proapoptotic proteins, cytochrome C and Smac/DIABLO, was elevated, and these proteins were released from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Downstream mediators of mitochondrial apoptosis, including cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP, were also elevated. Accordingly, the proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly higher among TFF3-silenced cells. There was no difference in extrinsic apoptosis-related molecules after TFF3 silencing. All the results support that TFF3 silencing induces the downstream signaling pathway of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism of prostate tumorigenesis, suggesting TFF3 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Liu
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Shin
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Yim
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sug-Hyung Lee
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Shen S, Gui T, Ma C. Identification of molecular biomarkers for pancreatic cancer with mRMR shortest path method. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41432-41439. [PMID: 28611293 PMCID: PMC5522256 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of pancreatic cancer makes it one of the most studied diseases among all cancer types. Many researches have been conducted to understand the mechanism underlying its emergence and pathogenesis of this disease. Here, by using minimum-redundancy-maximum-relevance (mRMR) method, we studied a set of transcriptome data of pancreatic cancer. As we gradually added features to achieve the most accurate classification results of Jackknife, a gene set of 9 genes was identified. They were NHS, SCML2, LAMC2, S100P, COL17A1, AMIGO2, PTPRR, KPNA7 and KCNN4. Through STRING 2.0 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) analysis, 40 proteins were identified in the shortest paths between genes in the gene set, 30 of them passed the permutation test, which indicated they were hubs in the background network. Those genes in the protein-protein interaction network were enriched to 37 functional modules, such as: negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade and BMP signaling pathway. Our study indicated new mechanism of pancreatic cancer, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tuantuan Gui
- Shanghai Smartquerier Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Ma
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformatics Technology, Shanghai, China
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23
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Dubé-Delarosbil C, St-Pierre Y. The emerging role of galectins in high-fatality cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1215-1226. [PMID: 29119229 PMCID: PMC11105754 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although we witnessed considerable progress in the prevention and treatment of cancer during the past few decades, a number of cancers remain difficult to treat. The main reasons for this are a lack of effective biomarkers necessary for an early detection and inefficient treatments for cancer that are diagnosed at late stages of the disease. Because of their alarmin-like properties and their protumorigenic role during cancer progression, members of the galectin family are uniquely positioned to provide information that could be used for the exploration of possible avenues for the treatment of high fatality cancer (HFC). A rapid overview of studies that examined the expressions and functions of galectins in cancer cells reveals that they play a central role in at least three major features that characterize HFCs: (1) induction of systemic and local immunosuppression, (2) chemoresistance of cancer cells, and (3) increased invasive behavior. Defining the galectinome in HFCs will also lead to a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity while providing critical information that could improve the accuracy of biomarker panels for a more personalized treatment of HFCs. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the galectinome in HFC and its possible contribution to providing potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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24
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Galectin Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010210. [PMID: 29320431 PMCID: PMC5796159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer have increased over the past decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the underpinnings of this disease and developing therapies. Despite this, cancer still remains a major therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic research has targeted several aspects of the disease such as cancer development, growth, angiogenesis and metastases. Many molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown and current therapies have so far failed to meet their intended potential. Recent studies show that glycans, especially oligosaccharide chains, may play a role in carcinogenesis as recognition patterns for galectins. Galectins are members of the lectin family, which show high affinity for β-galactosides. The galectin–glycan conjugate plays a fundamental role in metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, proliferation and apoptosis. Galectins’ action is mediated by a structure containing at least one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The potential prognostic value of galectins has been described in several neoplasms and helps clinicians predict disease outcome and determine therapeutic interventions. Currently, new therapeutic strategies involve the use of inhibitors such as competitive carbohydrates, small non-carbohydrate binding molecules and antibodies. This review outlines our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action and potential therapy implications of galectins in cancer.
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25
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Hughes I, GMT Powell A, Sarireh BA. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm\'s 100 most significant manuscripts: A bibliometric analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREATIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5348/100076z04dh2018ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Gonzaga IM, Soares Lima SC, Nicolau MC, Nicolau-Neto P, da Costa NM, de Almeida Simão T, Hernandez-Vargas H, Herceg Z, Ribeiro Pinto LF. TFF1 hypermethylation and decreased expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and histologically normal tumor surrounding esophageal cells. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:130. [PMID: 29296124 PMCID: PMC5738900 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the 10 most incident cancer types in the world, and it is mainly associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption. ESCC mortality rates stand very close to its incidence, which is a direct consequence of a late diagnosis and an inefficient treatment. Although this scenery is quite alarming, the major molecular alterations that drive this carcinogenesis process remain unclear. We have previously shown through the first ESCC methylome analysis that TFF1 promoter is frequently hypermethylated in ESCC. Here, to evaluate TFF1 methylation as a potential biomarker of early ESCC diagnosis, we investigated the status of TFF1 promoter methylation and its expression in ESSC and histologically normal tumor surrounding tissue of ESCC patients in comparison to healthy esophagus of non-cancer individuals. Results Analysis of TFF1 promoter methylation, and gene and protein expression in 65 ESCC patients and 88 controls revealed that TFF1 methylation levels were already increased in histologically normal tumor surrounding tissue of ESCC patients when compared to healthy esophagus of non-cancer individuals. This increase in DNA methylation was followed by the reduction of TFF1 mRNA expression. Interestingly, TFF1 expression was capable of distinguishing tumor surrounding normal tissue from normal mucosa of healthy individuals with 92% accuracy. In addition, TFF1 protein was undetectable both in tumor and surrounding mucosa by immunohistochemistry, while submucosa glands of the healthy esophagus showed positive staining. Furthermore, treatment of TE-1 and TE-13 ESCC cell lines with decitabine led to a reduction of promoter methylation and consequent upregulation of TFF1 gene and protein expression. Finally, using TCGA data we showed that TFF1 loss is observed in ESCC, but not in esophageal adenocarcinoma, highlighting the different molecular mechanisms involved in the development of each histological subtype of esophageal cancer. Conclusions This study shows that TFF1 expression is silenced in early phases of ESCC development, which seems to be mediated at least in part by promoter hypermethylation, and provides the basis for the use of TFF1 expression as a potential biomarker for early ESCC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Martins Gonzaga
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 20231-050 Brazil
| | - Sheila Coelho Soares Lima
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 20231-050 Brazil
| | - Marina Chianello Nicolau
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 20231-050 Brazil
| | - Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 20231-050 Brazil
| | - Nathalia Meireles da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 20231-050 Brazil
| | - Tatiana de Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87 fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20551-013 Brazil
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Epigenetics Group, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, CEDEX 08 Lyon, France
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, CEDEX 08 Lyon, France
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 20231-050 Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87 fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 20551-013 Brazil
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27
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancers arise through a series of genetic events both inherited and acquired. Inherited genetic changes, both high penetrance and low penetrance, are an important component of pancreatic cancer risk, and may be used to characterize populations who will benefit from early detection. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer patients with inherited mutations may be particularly sensitive to certain targeted agents, providing an opportunity to personalized treatment. Family history of pancreatic cancer is one of the strongest risk factors for the disease, and is associated with an increased risk of caners at other sites, including but not limited to breast, ovarian and colorectal cancer. The goal of this chapter is to discuss the importance of family history of pancreatic cancer, and the known genes that account for a portion of the familial clustering of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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28
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Ivry SL, Sharib JM, Dominguez DA, Roy N, Hatcher SE, Yip-Schneider MT, Schmidt CM, Brand RE, Park WG, Hebrok M, Kim GE, O'Donoghue AJ, Kirkwood KS, Craik CS. Global Protease Activity Profiling Provides Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cysts. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4865-4874. [PMID: 28424202 PMCID: PMC5712228 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic cysts are estimated to be present in 2%-3% of the adult population. Unfortunately, current diagnostics do not accurately distinguish benign cysts from those that can progress into invasive cancer. Misregulated pericellular proteolysis is a hallmark of malignancy, and therefore, we used a global approach to discover protease activities that differentiate benign nonmucinous cysts from premalignant mucinous cysts.Experimental Design: We employed an unbiased and global protease profiling approach to discover protease activities in 23 cyst fluid samples. The distinguishing activities of select proteases was confirmed in 110 samples using specific fluorogenic substrates and required less than 5 μL of cyst fluid.Results: We determined that the activities of the aspartyl proteases gastricsin and cathepsin E are highly increased in fluid from mucinous cysts. IHC analysis revealed that gastricsin expression was associated with regions of low-grade dysplasia, whereas cathepsin E expression was independent of dysplasia grade. Gastricsin activity differentiated mucinous from nonmucinous cysts with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93%, whereas cathepsin E activity was 92% specific and 70% sensitive. Gastricsin significantly outperformed the most widely used molecular biomarker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which demonstrated 94% specificity and 65% sensitivity. Combined analysis of gastricsin and CEA resulted in a near perfect classifier with 100% specificity and 98% sensitivity.Conclusions: Quantitation of gastricsin and cathepsin E activities accurately distinguished mucinous from nonmucinous pancreatic cysts and has the potential to replace current diagnostics for analysis of these highly prevalent lesions. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4865-74. ©2017 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/metabolism
- Cathepsin E/metabolism
- Cyst Fluid/enzymology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/enzymology
- Pancreatic Cyst/diagnosis
- Pancreatic Cyst/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Pseudocyst/diagnosis
- Pancreatic Pseudocyst/enzymology
- Pepsin A/metabolism
- Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam L Ivry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy M Sharib
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dana A Dominguez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nilotpal Roy
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stacy E Hatcher
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - C Max Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Randall E Brand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter G Park
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Grace E Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kimberly S Kirkwood
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Sunagawa M, Yamaguchi J, Kokuryo T, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Sugawara G, Nagino M. Trefoil factor family 1 expression in the invasion front is a poor prognostic factor associated with lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2017; 17:782-787. [PMID: 28760494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trefoil Factor Family protein 1 (TFF1) is secreted from mucus-producing cells. The relationship between TFF1 expression and clinical outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of TFF1 expression in PDAC. METHODS TFF1 expression was examined on paraffin-embedded sections from 91 patients with resected PDAC using immunohistochemistry. The relationships between TFF1 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS Among 91 PDAC patients, 71 patients (79.7%) showed TFF1 expression in cancer cells. In a subgroup of 71 patients, TFF1 expression was predominantly observed in the central part of the tumor, whereas TFF1 expression in the invasion front was reduced in 33 patients (46.4%). A significant correlation between preserved TFF1 expression in the invasion front and lymph node metastasis was observed. Univariate survival analysis revealed that preserved TFF1 expression in the invasion front, positive lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis and R1 resection was a significant poor prognostic factor in TFF1-positive PDAC patients. CONCLUSIONS TFF1 expression is frequently lost or decreased in the invasion front of human PDAC, and preserved TFF1 expression in the invasion front might predict poor survival in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sunagawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Toshio Kokuryo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Gen Sugawara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Kuo HY, Chang WL, Yeh YC, Tsai YC, Wu CT, Cheng HC, Yang HB, Lu CC, Sheu BS. Serum Level of Trefoil Factor 2 can Predict the Extent of Gastric Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia in the H. pylori-Infected Gastric Cancer Relatives. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 27220894 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastric cancer has familial clustering in incidence, and the familial relatives of gastric cancer sufferers are prone to have spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), and intestinal metaplasia (IM) after H. pylori infection. This study tested whether serum pepsinogen I/II and trefoil factor family (TFF) proteins can predict SPEM or IM in the H. pylori-infected relatives of patients with gastric cancer. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 119 H. pylori-infected relatives of gastric cancer patients of noncardiac gastric cancer patients, who then received panendoscopy to obtain gastric biopsy to define the presence of corpus gastritis index (CGI), SPEM, and IM. The advanced SPEM in histology was defined by TFF2 immunohistochemistry. Each patient also had checkups of serum TFF2, TFF3, and pepsinogen I/II by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The 119 H. pylori-infected relatives included 61 with SPEM, and 34 with IM. The presence of either IM or SPEM was not related to the serum TFF2, TFF3, and pepsinogen I/II levels (p > .05). Serum TFF2 levels were higher in relatives with CGI who also had advanced SPEM (p = .032). For relatives without CGI, the elevated serum TFF2 levels correlated with higher H. pylori density and more severe gastritis in antrum (p = .001). CONCLUSION The serum TFF2 level cannot predict SPEM or IM in H. pylori-infected relatives of patients with gastric cancer. For H. pylori-infected relatives with CGI, serum TFF2 levels may predict the advanced severity of SPEM. Elevated serum TFF2 levels may indicate severe H. pylori-related inflammation, at risk of development or progression of SPEM in relatives without CGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tai Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chi Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Bai Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsin-chu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Demirci NS, Dogan M, Erdem GU, Kacar S, Turhan T, Kilickap S, Cigirgan LC, Kayacetin E, Bozkaya Y, Zengin N. Is plasma caveolin-1 level a prognostic biomarker in metastatic pancreatic cancer? Saudi J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:183-189. [PMID: 28611342 PMCID: PMC5470378 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_483_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the prognostic significance of plasma caveolin (CAV)-1 and its association with survival and treatment response rates in metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Plasma samples were prospectively collected from 41 patients with newly diagnosed MPC. Moreover, plasma samples were collected from 48 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 41 healthy individuals (control groups) for assessing Cav-1 levels. Plasma Cav-1 levels were evaluated at baseline and after three cycles of chemotherapy in the patients with MPC. RESULTS The median Cav-1 level was 13.8 ng/mL for the patients with MPC and 12.2 ng/mL for healthy individuals (P = 0.009). The Cav-1 cut-off level was calculated as 11.6 ng/mL by using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The median overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 5 and 2.4 months, respectively, for participants with a high basal plasma Cav-1 level; the corresponding values were 10.5 and 9.4 months for participants with a low plasma Cav-1 level (P = 0.011 and P= 0.003, respectively). Of the 41 patients with MPC, 23 completed at least three cycles of chemotherapy. The median Cav-1 level was 13 ng/mL for post-treatment MPC (r2: 0.917; P= 0.001). High basal plasma caveolin-1 level have continued to remain at high levels even after chemotherapy, showing a trend toward worse response rates (P = 0.086). CONCLUSION High basal plasma Cav-1 levels seem to be associated with poor survival and tend to yield worse therapeutic outcomes in patients with MPC. This study is the first to evaluate the prognostic significance of plasma Cav-1 levels as a prognostic factor in patients with MPC. However, larger prospective clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebi S. Demirci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Dr. Nebi S. Demirci, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Mutlu Dogan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokmen U. Erdem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabite Kacar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turan Turhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saadettin Kilickap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lutfi C. Cigirgan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kayacetin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yakup Bozkaya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Zengin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Cancer Therapy Due to Apoptosis: Galectin-9. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010074. [PMID: 28045432 PMCID: PMC5297709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of apoptosis is a major hallmark in cancer biology that might equip tumors with a higher malignant potential and chemoresistance. The anti-cancer activities of lectin, defined as a carbohydrate-binding protein that is not an enzyme or antibody, have been investigated for over a century. Recently, galectin-9, which has two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker peptide, was noted to induce apoptosis in thymocytes and immune cells. The apoptosis of these cells contributes to the development and regulation of acquired immunity. Furthermore, human recombinant galectin-9, hG9NC (null), which lacks an entire region of the linker peptide, was designed to resist proteolysis. The hG9NC (null) has demonstrated anti-cancer activities, including inducing apoptosis in hematological, dermatological and gastrointestinal malignancies. In this review, the molecular characteristics, history and apoptosis-inducing potential of galectin-9 are described.
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Yamaguchi J, Mino-Kenudson M, Liss AS, Chowdhury S, Wang TC, Fernández-del Castillo C, Lillemoe KD, Warshaw AL, Thayer SP. Loss of Trefoil Factor 2 From Pancreatic Duct Glands Promotes Formation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in Mice. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:1232-1244.e10. [PMID: 27523981 PMCID: PMC5396548 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about the origin of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). Pancreatic duct glands (PDGs) are gland-like outpouches budding off the main pancreatic ducts that function as a progenitor niche for the ductal epithelium; they express gastric mucins and have characteristics of side-branch IPMNs. We investigated whether PDGs are a precursor compartment for IPMNs and the role of Trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2)-a protein expressed by PDGs and the gastric mucosa that are involved in epithelial repair and tumor suppression. METHODS We obtained pancreatectomy specimens from 20 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 13 with low-grade side-branch IPMNs, and 15 patients with PDAC; histologically normal pancreata were used as controls (n = 18). Samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to detect TFF1 and TFF2 and cell proliferation. We performed mitochondrial DNA mutational mapping studies to determine the cell lineage and fate of PDG cells. Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KRASG12D (KC) mice were bred with TFF2-knockout mice to generate KC/Tff2-/- and KC/Tff2+/- mice. Pancreata were collected and histologically analyzed for formation of IPMN, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias, and PDAC, in addition to proliferation and protein expression. Human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells and PDAC cell lines were transfected with vectors to overexpress or knock down TFF2 or SMAD4. RESULTS Histologic analysis of human samples revealed gastric-type IPMN to comprise 2 molecularly distinct layers: a basal crypt segment that expressed TFF2 and overlying papillary projections. Proliferation occurred predominantly in the PDG-containing basal segments. Mitochondrial mutation mapping revealed a 97% match between the profiles of proliferating PDG cells and their overlying nonproliferative IPMN cells. In contrast to KC mice, 2-month-old KC/Tff2+/- and KC/Tff2-/- mice developed prominent papillary structures in the duct epithelium with cystic metaplasia of the PDG, which resembled human IPMN; these expressed gastric mucins (MUC5AC and MUC6), but not the intestinal mucin MUC2. KC/TFF2-knockout mice developed a greater number and higher grade of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias than KC mice, and 1 mouse developed an invasive adenocarcinoma. Expression of TFF2 reduced proliferation of PDAC cells 3-fold; this effect required up-regulation and activation of SMAD4. We found expression of TFF2 to be down-regulated in human PDAC by hypermethylation of its promoter. CONCLUSIONS In histologic analyses of human IPMNs, we found PDGs to form the basal segment and possibly serve as a progenitor compartment. TFF2 has tumor-suppressor activity in the mouse pancreas and prevents formation of mucinous neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yamaguchi
- Andrew L. Warshaw Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Andrew S. Liss
- Andrew L. Warshaw Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Division of Surgical Oncology and the Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Carlos Fernández-del Castillo
- Andrew L. Warshaw Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Keith D. Lillemoe
- Andrew L. Warshaw Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew L. Warshaw
- Andrew L. Warshaw Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah P. Thayer
- Andrew L. Warshaw Institute for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Division of Surgical Oncology and the Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Martínez JF, Aparicio JR, Peiró G, Cabezas A, Roger M, Ruiz F, Compañy L, Casellas JA. Study of the expression of cathepsins in histological material from pancreatic lesions. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2016; 108:780-784. [PMID: 27855482 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2016.3749/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To assess the expression levels of cathepsins in malignant and premalignant lesions. METHODS We retrospectively included patients who underwent pancreatic surgery on pancreatic solid or cystic masses. The expression of cathepsin H, L, B and S was determined in both types of samples. Lesions were divided into three categories: malignant (pancreatic adenocarcinoma and malignant mucinous neoplasms), premalignant (mucinous neoplasms) and benign (other lesions). RESULTS Thirty-one surgical resection samples were studied. The expression of cathepsins was significantly higher in malignant lesions than in premalignant and benign lesions (H 75%, 27%, 37% p = 0.05; L 92%, 36%, 37% p = 0.011; B 83%, 36%, 62% p = 0.069; S 92%, 36%, 25% p = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Cathepsins are overexpressed in histological samples of malignant lesions compared to premalignant and benign lesions. However, the expression of cathepsins is similar in both premalignant and benign lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Martínez
- Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, España
| | - José Ramón Aparicio
- Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, España
| | - Gloria Peiró
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, España
| | - Antonio Cabezas
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, España
| | - Manuela Roger
- Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, España
| | - Francisco Ruiz
- Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, España
| | - Luís Compañy
- Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, España
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35
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Basturk O, Chung SM, Hruban RH, Adsay NV, Askan G, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Balci S, Zee SY, Memis B, Shia J, Klimstra DS. Distinct pathways of pathogenesis of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:523-532. [PMID: 27591765 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-2014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN) of the pancreas is classified as a variant of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) in the WHO guidelines. However, the neoplastic cells of IOPNs are unique, with distinctive architecture/oncocytic cytoplasm. Although molecular/immunohistochemical features of other IPMN variants have been extensively studied, those of IOPNs have not been well characterized. Expression profile of antibodies associated with genetic alterations previously described for ductal adenocarcinomas (DAs) and IPMNs (SMAD4/β-catenin/p53/mesothelin/claudin-4) as well as antibodies to mucins and differentiation markers [MUC1/MUC2/MUC5AC/MUC6/CDX2/hepatocyte paraffin-1 (HepPar-1)] was investigated in 24 IOPNs and 22 IPMNs to assess the similarities/differences between these tumors. Expression of mesothelin and claudin-4 was dissimilar between these tumor types: A higher proportion of IOPNs labeled with mesothelin [21/24 (87.5 %) of IOPNs, 6/22 (27 %) of IPMNs, p < 0.001], while the reverse was true for claudin-4 [2/23 (9 %) of IOPNs, 9/22 (41 %) of IPMNs, p = 0.01]. The results of immunolabeling for SMAD4/β-catenin/p53 were similar in both: None of the cases showed SMAD4 loss in the intraductal components, and only 1/21 (5 %) of IOPNs and 2/22 (9 %) of IPMNs revealed abnormal β-catenin expression (p = 0.49). Nuclear p53 accumulation was seen mostly in architecturally complex/high-grade dysplasia areas in both. Immunolabeling for MUC proteins showed that almost all lesions expressed MUC5AC. Twelve of the 24 (50 %) IOPNs and 6/22 (27 %) of IPMNs (p = 0.11) labeled for MUC1, whereas 7/24 (29 %) of IOPNs and 10/22 (45 %) of IPMNs labeled for MUC2 (p = 0.25). MUC6 was expressed in 8/9 (89 %) of IOPNs (strong) and 6/21 (29 %) of IPMNs (weak) (p = 0.002). Fourteen of the 23 (61 %) IOPNs and 4/22 (18 %) of IPMNs labeled for HepPar-1 (p = 0.003). These results show that IOPNs have distinct immunoprofile and provide support for the proposition that IOPN is a distinct entity developing through a mechanism different from other pancreatic ductal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olca Basturk
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Sun M Chung
- Department of Pathology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University Hospitals, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gokce Askan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | | | - Serdar Balci
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sui Y Zee
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bahar Memis
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - David S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Differential Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis From Pancreatic Cancer by Analysis of Serum Gelatinase Levels. Pancreas 2016; 45:1048-55. [PMID: 26692441 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze serum gelatinases as part of the clinical strategy for the preoperative differentiation between autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The finding of differential markers will prevent unnecessary surgical resection and allow optimal treatment of these diseases. METHODS Quantitative gelatin zymography was applied to analyze all individual gelatinase forms in serum and to define proteinase alterations associated with AIP and PDAC. For this purpose, sera of 130 patients, being 29 with AIP, 33 with chronic pancreatitis, 32 with PDAC, and 36 healthy controls, were first assayed for gelatinase levels by quantitative zymography before further validation by the analysis with commercial sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Serum profiling data obtained by zymography analysis revealed that gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), the neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin/MMP-9 complex, and gelatinase A/MMP-2 levels were significantly increased in patients with AIP. These proteins are promising markers to discriminate between AIP and PDAC. The best composite parameter, being the ratio of total MMP-9 over MMP-2 levels, can predict 93% of the AIP and 75% of the PDAC correctly. With enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we confirmed the zymography results. CONCLUSIONS Differential gelatinase serum profiles as AIP markers, together with other clinical tests, help to assure the diagnosis of PDAC or AIP.
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Felix K, Gaida MM. Neutrophil-Derived Proteases in the Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer -Active Players in Tumor Progression. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:302-13. [PMID: 26929737 PMCID: PMC4753159 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fibro-inflammatory microenvironment, consisting of activated pancreatic stellate cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and a variety of inflammatory cells, such as T cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which are found in nearly all cancers, including PDAC, often fail to eliminate the tumor, but conversely can promote its progression by altering the tumor microenvironment. Pancreatic cancer cells are able to attract polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) via tumor secreted chemokines and in human PDAC, PMN infiltrates can be observed in the vicinity of tumor cells and in the desmoplastic tumor stroma, which correlate with undifferentiated tumor growth and poor prognosis. The behavior of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils in the tumor micromilieu is not yet understood at a mechanistic level. It has been shown that PMN have the potential to kill tumor cells, either directly or by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but on the other side various adverse effects of PMN, such as promotion of aggressive tumor growth with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and increased metastatic potential, have been described. Recent therapeutic approaches for PDAC focus not only the tumor cell itself, but also elements of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the role of PMN and their derived products (e.g. cytokines, proteases) as a new vein for a therapeutic target should be critically evaluated in this context. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between proteases of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and pancreatic tumor cells and elements of the desmoplastic stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Felix
- 1. Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 110, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- 2. Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lambropoulou M, Deftereou TE, Kynigopoulos S, Patsias A, Anagnostopoulos C, Alexiadis G, Kotini A, Tsaroucha A, Nikolaidou C, Kiziridou A, Papadopoulos N, Chatzaki E. Co-expression of galectin-3 and CRIP-1 in endometrial cancer: prognostic value and patient survival. Med Oncol 2015; 33:8. [PMID: 26708131 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the sixth most common cancer in women. Galectin-3 (GAL-3) and CRIP-1 are multifunctional proteins which seem to be involved in many neoplasias. This study aims to point out correlations between clinicopathological findings and endometrial cancer patient survival to GAL-3 and CRIP-1 expression in order to enfold their diagnostic/prognostic potential. Tissues from 46 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer were studied by immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies for GAL-3 and CRIP-1, and expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological findings and survival. Analysis was performed at single protein level or as co-expression. High expression of GAL-3 and CRIP-1 was independently associated with tumor depth and histological grade, respectively. Also, there was a significant correlation between high co-expression of the two proteins and the histological grade (aOR 2.66), the tumor depth (aOR 0.32) and the histological type (aOR 1.32), but not with the patients' age. Moreover, high expression of both proteins was observed in patients with shorter survival times. Interestingly, the co-expression of the two proteins exhibited some degree of monotony (Spearman's ρ = 0.768), indicating a common molecular pathway. This study provides evidence for a prognostic clinical potential of the combined study of GAL-3 and CRIP-1 in endometrial cancer. These factors are poorly studied in endometrium, and their role in the carcinogenetic process and on effective therapy awaits further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratories of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Theodora-Eleftheria Deftereou
- Laboratories of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sryridon Kynigopoulos
- Laboratories of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anargyros Patsias
- Laboratories of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Constantinos Anagnostopoulos
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Alexiadis
- Private Radiodiagnostic Center of Alexandroupolis, Theagenio Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasia Kotini
- Laboratories of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsaroucha
- Laboratories of Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Nikolaidou
- Laboratories of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Laboratories of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratories of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68 100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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39
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Busch M, Dünker N. Trefoil factor family peptides – friends or foes? Biomol Concepts 2015; 6:343-59. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2015-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTrefoil factor family (TFF) peptides are a group of molecules bearing a characteristic three-loop trefoil domain. They are mainly secreted in mucous epithelia together with mucins but are also synthesized in the nervous system. For many years, TFF peptides were only known for their wound healing and protective function, e.g. in epithelial protection and restitution. However, experimental evidence has emerged supporting a pivotal role of TFF peptides in oncogenic transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. Deregulated expression of TFF peptides at the gene and protein level is obviously implicated in numerous cancers, and opposing functions as oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been described. With regard to the regulation of TFF expression, epigenetic mechanisms as well as the involvement of various miRNAs are new, promising aspects in the field of cancer research. This review will summarize current knowledge about the expression and regulation of TFF peptides and the involvement of TFF peptides in tumor biology and cancerogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Busch
- 1Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Dünker
- 1Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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40
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Afify A, Huang EC, Jeong M, Urayama S. Immunoisolation of pancreatic epithelial cells from endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirates with magnetic beads for downstream molecular application. Diagn Cytopathol 2015; 44:32-8. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Afify
- Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California, Davis; Sacramento California 95817
| | - Eric C. Huang
- Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California, Davis; Sacramento California 95817
| | - Matthew Jeong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; University of California; Davis California
| | - Shiro Urayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; University of California; Davis California
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41
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Karnati HK, Panigrahi M, Shaik NA, Greig NH, Bagadi SAR, Kamal MA, Kapalavayi N. Down regulated expression of Claudin-1 and Claudin-5 and up regulation of β-catenin: association with human glioma progression. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2015; 13:1413-26. [PMID: 25345514 DOI: 10.2174/1871527313666141023121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common form of intracranial malignancy in humans, and is characterized by aggressive tumor growth, tissue invasion and neurodegenerative properties. The present study investigated the expression status of tight junction associated Claudin 1 (CLDN1), Claudin 5 (CLDN5) and Adheren junction associated β-catenin genes in the light of their critical role in the progression of both low- and high-grade human gliomas. Using quantitative PCR and Western blot methods the mRNA and protein status of CLDN1, CLDN5 and β-catenin genes were studied in a total of 25 human gliomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grades I-IV, non-cancerous control brain tissues and their corresponding model cell lines (C6, U373, U118, T98 and U87MG). Quantitative analysis of the transcript and protein expression data showed that CLDN1 and CLDN5 were significantly down regulated (p=<0.001) in tumors of all four grades and model cell lines. This decrease in expression pattern was in accordance with the increasing grade of the tumor. A 4-fold stronger reduction of CLDN1 when compared to CLDN5 was evident in high-grade tumors. Interestingly, β-catenin was up regulated in all tumor types we studied (p=<0.005). Our findings, suggest that down regulated CLDN1 and CLDN5 genes have potential relevance in relation to the progression of glioblastoma multiforme. Hence, their therapeutic targeting may provide both insight and leads to control the cellular proliferation and subsequent invasiveness among affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nagaiah Kapalavayi
- (Nagaiah Kapalavayi) Department of Biotechnology, Gland Pharma Limited, Dundigal, Gandimaisamma X Roads, Hyderabad - 500 043, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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42
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Thijssen VL, Heusschen R, Caers J, Griffioen AW. Galectin expression in cancer diagnosis and prognosis: A systematic review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:235-47. [PMID: 25819524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins that bind to specific glycans thereby deciphering the information captured within the glycome. In the last two decades, several galectin family members have emerged as versatile modulators of tumor progression. This has initiated the development and preclinical assessment of galectin-targeting compounds. With the first compounds now entering clinical trials it is pivotal to gain insight in the diagnostic and prognostic value of galectins in cancer as this will allow a more rational selection of the patients that might benefit most from galectin-targeted therapies. Here, we present a systematic review of galectin expression in human cancer patients. Malignant transformation is frequently associated with altered galectin expression, most notably of galectin-1 and galectin-3. In most cancers, increased galectin-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis while elevated galectin-9 expression is emerging as a marker of favorable disease outcome. The prognostic value of galectin-3 appears to be tumor type dependent and the other galectins require further investigation. Regarding the latter, additional studies using larger patient cohorts are essential to fully unravel the diagnostic and prognostic value of galectin expression. Furthermore, to better compare different findings, consensus should be reached on how to assess galectin expression, not only with regard to localization within the tissue and within cellular compartments but also regarding alternative splicing and genomic variations. Finally, linking galectin expression and function to aberrant glycosylation in cancer cells will improve our understanding of how these versatile proteins can be exploited for diagnostic, prognostic and even therapeutic purposes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Thijssen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Roy Heusschen
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jo Caers
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Favorable response after gemcitabine-radiotherapy for invasive pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: a case report. Int Surg 2015; 98:340-5. [PMID: 24229021 DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-13-00031.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for invasive pancreatic ductal carcinoma derived from an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) has not been established. The subject of the present report was a 53-year-old man admitted for the treatment of IPMN. The tumor, located in the pancreatic body, was of the mixed type of IPMN, and it involved the branch duct, where it was 38 mm in diameter, and the main duct, where it was 6 mm in diameter. Distal pancreatectomy was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful; however, histopathologic diagnosis revealed invasive ductal carcinoma with a positive surgical margin in the pancreatic duct. Although total pancreatectomy was recommended, chemoradiotherapy (50.4-Gy irradiation and gemcitabine) was preferred by the patient. At 9-month follow up, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic mass at the surgical margin of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed a 44-mm cystic lesion with nodules in the remnant pancreas, on the basis of which he underwent total pancreatectomy. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen revealed absence of the epithelium at the surgical margin of the main pancreatic duct, and malignant cells were not detected.
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Candido S, Maestro R, Polesel J, Catania A, Maira F, Signorelli SS, McCubrey JA, Libra M. Roles of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in human cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1576-94. [PMID: 24742531 PMCID: PMC4039233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major cause of death in the Western world. Although, it has been demonstrated that new therapies can improve the outcome of cancer patients, still many patients relapse after treatment. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel factors involved in cancer development and/or progression. Recently, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been suggested as a key player in different cancer types. Its oncogenic effect may be related to the complex NGAL/MMP-9. In the present study, NGAL was analyzed at both transcript and protein levels in different cancer types by analysing 38 public available microarray datasets and the Human Protein Atlas tool. NGAL transcripts were significantly higher in the majority of solid tumors compared to the relative normal tissues for every dataset analyzed. Furthermore, concordance of NGAL at both mRNA and protein levels was observed for 6 cancer types including bladder, colorectal, liver, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic. All metastatic tumors showed a decrease of NGAL expression when compared to matched primary lesions. According to these results, NGAL is a candidate marker for tumor growth in a fraction of solid tumors. Further investigations are required to elucidate the function of NGAL in tumor development and metastatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Section of Pathology and Oncology, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, University of Catania, Catania, (Italy)
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Klöppel G, Basturk O, Schlitter AM, Konukiewitz B, Esposito I. Intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas. Semin Diagn Pathol 2014; 31:452-466. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chen H, Yang X, Tang T, Li J, Liu B, Liu F, Xie S. The involvement of cysteine-rich intestinal protein in early development and innate immunity of Asiatic hard clam, Meretrix meretrix. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:435-440. [PMID: 25108085 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP), a Zn(2+)-binding protein, contains a single copy of the highly conserved double-zinc-finger structure known as the LIM (lin-11-isl-1-mec-3) motif. In this paper, a cDNA encoding MmCRIP was isolated from the Asiatic hard clam Meretrix meretrix. The full-length cDNA of MmCRIP consists of a 237-bp open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide of 78 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 8635.8 Da and theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 9.01. Bioinformatics analysis showed that it belonged to a new member of the CRIP subfamily. Relationship analysis revealed that MmCRIP has high-levels of sequence similarity to many CRIPs reported in other animals, particularly in invertebrates. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the highest level of MmCRIP expression was in hemocyte tissue and at pediveligers stage. To investigate immune function, mature clams were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. During A. hydrophila infection, up-regulation of MmCRIP transcript in clam's hemocyte, gill and hepatopancreas was detected. DsRNAi (double-strand RNA interference) approach was employed to study the function of MmCRIP and the data showed that inactivation of the MmCRIP gene blocked larvae development and caused mass mortalities. The probable roles of MmCRIP in clam early development and innate immunity are presented for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ting Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fengsong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Song Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; College of Letters and Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Chen T, Liu L, Xu HX, Wang WQ, Wu CT, Yao WT, Yu XJ. Significance of caveolin-1 regulators in pancreatic cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4501-7. [PMID: 24083692 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is a scaffold protein on the cell membrane. As the main component of caveolae, caveolin-1 is involved in many biological processes that include substance uptake and transmembrane signaling. Many of these processes and thus caveolin-1 contribute to cell transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Of particular interest are the dual rolesof tumor suppressor and oncogene that caveolin-1 appear to play in different malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Therefore, analyzing caveolin-1 regulators and understanding their mechanisms of actionis key to identifying novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for pancreatic cancer. This review details the mechanisms of action of caveolin-1 regulators and the potential significance for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Pancreas and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China E-mail :
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Jiang K, Lawson D, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT. Galectin-3 and PTEN expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and gastrointestinal tumors on fine-needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol 2014; 58:281-7. [PMID: 24854395 DOI: 10.1159/000362221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galectin-3 has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Its applicability in pancreatic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in separating malignant from benign lesions has never been addressed. In addition, a correlation between Galectin-3 and tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and their potential diagnostic value has never been tested. STUDY DESIGN This study analyzed Galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression in FNA cell blocks of PDAC, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and non-tumor pancreatic tissue. In parallel, Galectin-3 and PTEN levels were evaluated in a tumor tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS Forty-four of 46 PDAC FNA and 32 of 33 PDAC TMA demonstrated tumor-specific Galectin-3 positivity. In contrast, Galectin-3 was not detected in PNEN and GIST. Total loss of PTEN was displayed by 26 of 33 PDAC, while non-neoplastic tissues all retained PTEN expression. CONCLUSION Galectin-3 could be a valuable marker to help diagnose PDAC and rule out PNEN and GIST. In addition, PTEN positivity strongly argues against a diagnosis of PDAC. These data also advocate their potential diagnostic roles in the work up of challenging cytologic cases requiring ancillary test confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga., USA
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49
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Komatsu H, Tanji E, Sakata N, Aoki T, Motoi F, Naitoh T, Katayose Y, Egawa S, Unno M, Furukawa T. A GNAS mutation found in pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms induces drastic alterations of gene expression profiles with upregulation of mucin genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87875. [PMID: 24498386 PMCID: PMC3912139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GNAS, a gene encoding G protein stimulating α subunit, is frequently mutated in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), which are indolent and slow-growing pancreatic tumors that secrete abundant mucin. The GNAS mutation is not observed in conventional ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas. To determine the functional significance of the GNAS mutation in pancreatic ductal lineage cells, we examined in vitro phenotypes of cells of pancreatic ductal lineage, HPDE, PK-8, PCI-35, and MIA PaCa-2, with exogenous expression of either wild-type or mutated (R201H) GNAS. We found that exogenous GNAS upregulated intracellular cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP), particularly in mutated GNAS transfectants, and upregulated expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in HPDE and PK-8 cells. By contrast, exogenous GNAS inhibited expression of mucin genes in PCI-35 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, despite upregulation of cAMP. We examined global gene expression profiles of some of the cells transfected with exogenous mutated GNAS (PK-8, PCI-35, and MIA PaCa-2), and found that PK-8 cells exhibited drastic alterations of the gene expression profile, which contrasted with modest alterations in PCI-35 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. To identify a cause of these different effects of exogenous mutated GNAS on phenotypes of the cells, we examined effects of interactions of the signaling pathways of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) on expression of mucin genes. The MAPK and PI3K pathways significantly influenced the expression of mucin genes. Exogenous GNAS did not promote cell growth but suppressed it in some of the cells. In conclusion, mutated GNAS found in IPMNs may extensively alter gene expression profiles, including expression of mucin genes, through the interaction with MAPK and PI3K pathways in pancreatic ductal cells; these changes may determine the characteristic phenotype of IPMN. PK-8 cells expressing exogenous mutated GNAS may be an ideal in vitro model of IPMN.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromogranins
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Mucins/genetics
- Mutation/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Komatsu
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tanji
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Sakata
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aoki
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Katayose
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Integrated Surgery and Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Egawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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López-Casas PP, López-Fernández LA. Gene-expression profiling in pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:591-601. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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