1
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Li C, Xie X, Li K, Rao L. Polymorphisms of CD247 gene is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in Chinese Han population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:487. [PMID: 39261809 PMCID: PMC11391773 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of heart failure and heart transplantation. Recently, some studies have reported that the autoimmune response in myocardial cells might be related to the pathogenesis of DCM. The CD247 gene has been previously found to be involved in autoimmune disease. Therefore, our study aimed to clarify the hypothesis that there is a certain linkage between polymorphisms of the CD247 gene and the triggering of DCM risk. METHODS In the present study, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD247 gene, rs12141731 and rs858543, were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 355 DCM patients and 404 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Pearson's chi-squared test for the CD247 gene revealed that SNP rs858543 (p = 0.001, OR = 0.72, 95% CI = (0.588-0.882), but not SNP rs12141731, was associated with DCM in the Chinese Han population. Haplotype analysis revealed that the CC haplotype was associated with increased DCM susceptibility, while CT was a protective haplotype. Cox multivariate survival analysis indicated that the rs858543 TT genotype (HR: 0.608, 95% CI = 0.402-0.921, p = 0.019) was an independent multivariate predictor for longer overall survival in DCM patients. CD247 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in DCM patients (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that a polymorphism in the CD247 gene may be a risk factor for DCM in the Chinese Han population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR2000029701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - XiaoChuan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Rao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Wu MM, Yang YC, Cai YX, Jiang S, Xiao H, Miao C, Jin XY, Sun Y, Bi X, Hong Z, Zhu D, Yu M, Mao JJ, Yu CJ, Liang C, Tang LL, Wang QS, Shao Q, Jiang QH, Pan ZW, Zhang ZR. Anti-CTLA-4 m2a Antibody Exacerbates Cardiac Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis Mice By Promoting Ccl5-Neutrophil Infiltration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400486. [PMID: 38978328 PMCID: PMC11425905 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The risk for suffering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-associated myocarditis increases in patients with pre-existing conditions and the mechanisms remain to be clarified. Spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, and flow cytometry are used to decipher how anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 m2a antibody (anti-CTLA-4 m2a antibody) aggravated cardiac injury in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) mice. It is found that anti-CTLA-4 m2a antibody increases cardiac fibroblast-derived C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (Cxcl1), which promots neutrophil infiltration to the myocarditic zones (MZs) of EAM mice via enhanced Cxcl1-Cxcr2 chemotaxis. It is identified that the C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (Ccl5)-neutrophil subpopulation is responsible for high activity of cytokine production, adaptive immune response, NF-κB signaling, and cellular response to interferon-gamma and that the Ccl5-neutrophil subpopulation and its-associated proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines promoted macrophage (Mφ) polarization to M1 Mφ. These altered infiltrating landscape and phenotypic switch of immune cells, and proinflammatory factors synergistically aggravated anti-CTLA-4 m2a antibody-induced cardiac injury in EAM mice. Neutralizing neutrophils, Cxcl1, and applying Cxcr2 antagonist dramatically alleviates anti-CTLA-4 m2a antibody-induced leukocyte infiltration, cardiac fibrosis, and dysfunction. It is suggested that Ccl5-neutrophil subpopulation plays a critical role in aggravating anti-CTLA-4 m2a antibody-induced cardiac injury in EAM mice. This data may provide a strategic rational for preventing/curing ICIs-associated myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Wu
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), HMU, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yan-Chao Yang
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yong-Xu Cai
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chang Miao
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xi-Yun Jin
- School of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Engineering, HMU, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Bi
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zi Hong
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jian-Jun Mao
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yu
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Liang-Liang Tang
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qiu-Shi Wang
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qing-Hua Jiang
- School of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Engineering, HMU, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), HMU, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), HMU, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Departments of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HMU), NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, 150001, China
- Departments of Cardiology and Pharmacy, HMU Cancer Hospital, Insitute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang key laboratory for Metabolic disorder and cancer related cardiovascular diseases, Harbin, 150081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), HMU, Harbin, 150081, China
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3
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Musigk N, Suwalski P, Golpour A, Fairweather D, Klingel K, Martin P, Frustaci A, Cooper LT, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U, Heidecker B. The inflammatory spectrum of cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1251780. [PMID: 38464847 PMCID: PMC10921946 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1251780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of the myocardium with various cell types, cytokines and chemokines plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies including inflammatory cardiomyopathies and myocarditis. A more comprehensive understanding of the precise immune mechanisms involved in acute and chronic myocarditis is essential to develop novel therapeutic approaches. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the immune landscape in cardiomyopathies based on etiology. It identifies gaps in our knowledge about cardiac inflammation and emphasizes the need for new translational approaches to improve our understanding thus enabling development of novel early detection methods and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Musigk
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Phillip Suwalski
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ainoosh Golpour
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology Institute for Pathology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pilar Martin
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Leslie T. Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas F. Lüscher
- GZO-Zurich Regional Health Centre, Wetzikon & Cardioimmunology, Centre for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Heidecker
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Tsuda H, Keslar KS, Baldwin WM, Heeger PS, Valujskikh A, Fairchild RL. p40 homodimers bridge ischemic tissue inflammation and heterologous alloimmunity in mice via IL-15 transpresentation. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172760. [PMID: 38271093 PMCID: PMC10940089 DOI: 10.1172/jci172760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced memory T cells often express functional cross-reactivity, or heterologous immunity, to other viruses and to allogeneic MHC molecules that is an important component of pathogenic responses to allogeneic transplants. During immune responses, antigen-reactive naive and central memory T cells proliferate in secondary lymphoid organs to achieve sufficient cell numbers to effectively respond, whereas effector memory T cell proliferation occurs directly within the peripheral inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanisms driving heterologous memory T cell proliferation and effector function expression within peripheral tissues remain poorly understood. Here, we dissected proliferation of heterologous donor-reactive memory CD8+ T cells and their effector functions following infiltration into heart allografts with low or high intensities of ischemic inflammation. Proliferation within both ischemic conditions required p40 homodimer-induced IL-15 transpresentation by graft DCs, but expression of effector functions mediating acute allograft injury occurred only in high-ischemic allografts. Transcriptional responses of heterologous donor-reactive memory CD8+ T cells were distinct from donor antigen-primed memory CD8+ T cells during early activation in allografts and at graft rejection. Overall, the results provide insights into mechanisms driving heterologous effector memory CD8+ T cell proliferation and the separation between proliferation and effector function that is dependent on the intensity of inflammation within the tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karen S. Keslar
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter S. Heeger
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Huang Y, Huang X, Wei Z, Dong J, Lu J, Tang Q, Lu F, Cen Z, Wu W. CD4 +T EM cells drive the progression from acute myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy in CVB3-induced BALB/c mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111304. [PMID: 38091826 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Acute viral myocarditis can progress to chronic myocarditis leading to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Persistent CD4+ T-cell-mediated autoimmunity triggered by infection plays a critical role in this progression. Increasing evidence demonstrates that effector memory CD4+T (CD4+TEM) cells, a subset of memory CD4+ T cells, are crucial pathogenic mediators of many autoimmune diseases. However, the role of CD4+TEM cells during the progression from acute viral myocarditis to DCM remains unknown. In this study, we observed an increase in CD4+TEM cells both in the periphery and the heart, and memory CD4+ T cells were the predominant sources of IL-17A and IFN-γ among inflamed heart-infiltrating CD4+ T cells during the progression from acute myocarditis to chronic myocarditis and DCM in CVB3-induced BALB/c mice. Moreover, splenic CD4+TEM cells sorted from DCM mice induced by CVB3 were found to respond to cardiac self-antigens ex vivo. Additionally, adoptive transfer experiments substantiated their pathogenic impact, inducing sustained myocardial inflammation, tissue fibrosis, cardiac injury, and impairment of cardiac systolic function in vivo. Our findings illustrate that long-lived CD4+TEM cells are important contributors to the progression from acute viral myocarditis into DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Zhe Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Jingwei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Quan Tang
- Cardiac Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Nanning. Qixing Road 89, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Feiyu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Zhihong Cen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
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6
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He W, Zhou L, Xu K, Li H, Wang JJ, Chen C, Wang D. Immunopathogenesis and immunomodulatory therapy for myocarditis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2112-2137. [PMID: 37002488 PMCID: PMC10066028 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory cardiac disease characterized by the destruction of myocardial cells, infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, and is becoming a major public health concern. The aetiology of myocarditis continues to broaden as new pathogens and drugs emerge. The relationship between immune checkpoint inhibitors, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, vaccines against coronavirus disease-2019, and myocarditis has attracted increased attention. Immunopathological processes play an important role in the different phases of myocarditis, affecting disease occurrence, development, and prognosis. Excessive immune activation can induce severe myocardial injury and lead to fulminant myocarditis, whereas chronic inflammation can lead to cardiac remodelling and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. The use of immunosuppressive treatments, particularly cytotoxic agents, for myocarditis, remains controversial. While reasonable and effective immunomodulatory therapy is the general trend. This review focuses on the current understanding of the aetiology and immunopathogenesis of myocarditis and offers new perspectives on immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu He
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - James Jiqi Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - DaoWen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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7
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Ribeiro RSDA, Demarque KC, Figueiredo Júnior I, Ferreira IMDESR, Valeriano JDP, Verícimo MA. Do Fetal Microchimeric Cells Influence Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis? Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:781-793. [PMID: 34678109 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2021.1994067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the presence and influence of fetal microchimerism in the cardiac tissue of mated female mice submitted to experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Materials and methods: Nulliparous BALB/c females and BALB/c females mated with either BALB/c males (syngeneic mating) or C57BL/6 males (allogeneic mating) were immunized with cardiac myosin peptide MyHC-α614-629 or kept as non-immunized controls. Immunization occurred 6-8 weeks after delivery and mice were assessed after 21 days. Results: Immunized mice of allogeneic mating had a lower production of anti-MyHC-α614-629 antibodies compared to immunized nulliparous mice. Immunized nulliparous females had an intense mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in cardiac tissue, associated with fibroplasia, while mated females had a lower inflammatory reaction. An increase in the frequency of microchimeric fetal cells was observed in mice submitted to allogeneic mating following immunization. Conclusion: Allogeneic cells of fetal origin could contribute to mitigating the inflammatory response in experimental myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stefan de Almeida Ribeiro
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Israel Figueiredo Júnior
- Maternal and Child Department, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Jessica do Prado Valeriano
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Maurício Afonso Verícimo
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
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8
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Leuschner F, Nahrendorf M. Novel functions of macrophages in the heart: insights into electrical conduction, stress, and diastolic dysfunction. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:989-994. [PMID: 30945736 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a century ago, Élie Metchnikoff described the macrophages' ability to phagocytose. Propelled by advances in technology enabling phenotypic and functional analyses at unpreceded resolution, a recent renaissance in macrophage research has shed new light on these 'big eaters'. We here give an overview of cardiac macrophages' provenance in the contexts of cardiac homeostasis and stress. We highlight the recently identified mechanism by which these cells regulate electrical conduction in the atrioventricular node and discuss why we need a deeper understanding of monocytes and macrophages in systolic and diastolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Partner site Heidelberg, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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9
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Siegel PM, Bojti I, Bassler N, Holien J, Flierl U, Wang X, Waggershauser P, Tonnar X, Vedecnik C, Lamprecht C, Stankova I, Li T, Helbing T, Wolf D, Anto-Michel N, Mitre LS, Ehrlich J, Orlean L, Bender I, Przewosnik A, Mauler M, Hollederer L, Moser M, Bode C, Parker MW, Peter K, Diehl P. A DARPin targeting activated Mac-1 is a novel diagnostic tool and potential anti-inflammatory agent in myocarditis, sepsis and myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:17. [PMID: 33721106 PMCID: PMC7960600 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The monocyte β2-integrin Mac-1 is crucial for leukocyte–endothelium interaction, rendering it an attractive therapeutic target for acute and chronic inflammation. Using phage display, a Designed-Ankyrin-Repeat-Protein (DARPin) was selected as a novel binding protein targeting and blocking the αM I-domain, an activation-specific epitope of Mac-1. This DARPin, named F7, specifically binds to activated Mac-1 on mouse and human monocytes as determined by flow cytometry. Homology modelling and docking studies defined distinct interaction sites which were verified by mutagenesis. Intravital microscopy showed reduced leukocyte–endothelium adhesion in mice treated with this DARPin. Using mouse models of sepsis, myocarditis and ischaemia/reperfusion injury, we demonstrate therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, the activated Mac-1-specific DARPin is established as a tool to detect monocyte activation in patients receiving extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, as well as suffering from sepsis and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The activated Mac-1-specific DARPin F7 binds preferentially to activated monocytes, detects inflammation in critically ill patients, and inhibits monocyte and neutrophil function as an efficient new anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Siegel
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - István Bojti
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Bassler
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica Holien
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulrike Flierl
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philipp Waggershauser
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Tonnar
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Vedecnik
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constanze Lamprecht
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies/Synthetic Biology of Signalling Processes, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Stankova
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tian Li
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Helbing
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathaly Anto-Michel
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Sol Mitre
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Ehrlich
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Orlean
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ileana Bender
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Przewosnik
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Hollederer
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael W Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia. .,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Abstract
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium and a high risk of deteriorating cardiac function, has a heterogeneous aetiology. Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is predominantly mediated by viral infection, but can also be induced by bacterial, protozoal or fungal infections as well as a wide variety of toxic substances and drugs and systemic immune-mediated diseases. Despite extensive research, inflammatory cardiomyopathy complicated by left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure or arrhythmia is associated with a poor prognosis. At present, the reason why some patients recover without residual myocardial injury whereas others develop dilated cardiomyopathy is unclear. The relative roles of the pathogen, host genomics and environmental factors in disease progression and healing are still under discussion, including which viruses are active inducers and which are only bystanders. As a consequence, treatment strategies are not well established. In this Review, we summarize and evaluate the available evidence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy, with a special focus on virus-induced and virus-associated myocarditis. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps, appraise the available experimental models and propose future directions for the field. The current knowledge and open questions regarding the cardiovascular effects associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are also discussed. This Review is the result of scientific cooperation of members of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC, the Heart Failure Society of America and the Japanese Heart Failure Society.
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11
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Farber G, Boczar KE, Wiefels CC, Zelt JG, Guler EC, deKemp RA, Beanlands RS, Rotstein BH. The Future of Cardiac Molecular Imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:367-385. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Hua X, Hu G, Hu Q, Chang Y, Hu Y, Gao L, Chen X, Yang PC, Zhang Y, Li M, Song J. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing to Dissect the Immunological Network of Autoimmune Myocarditis. Circulation 2020; 142:384-400. [PMID: 32431172 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.043545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis can develop into dilated cardiomyopathy, which may require heart transplantation. The immunological network of myocarditis phases remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the immunological network during the transition from myocarditis to cardiomyopathy and to identify the genes contributing to the inflammatory response to myocarditis. METHODS Mice were treated with myosin heavy chain-α peptides to generate an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of Cd45+ cells extracted from mouse hearts during different EAM phases, including normal control, acute inflammatory, subacute inflammatory, and myopathy phases. Human heart tissues were collected from the surgically removed hearts of patients who had undergone heart transplantation. RESULTS We identified 26 cell subtypes among 34 665 cells. Macrophages constituted the main immune cell population at all disease phases (>60%), and an inflammation-associated macrophage cluster was identified in which the expression of Hif1a-regulated genes was upregulated. The neutrophil population was increased after the induction of EAM, and neutrophils then released Il-1 to participate in the EAM process. T cells were observed at the highest percentage at the subacute inflammatory phase. T-helper 17 cells, in which the expression of Hif1a-regulated genes was upregulated, constituted the main T-cell population detected at the acute inflammatory phase, whereas regulatory T cells were the main T-cell population detected at the subacute inflammatory phase, and γδ T cells releasing Il-17 were the main T-cell population observed at the myopathy phase. Moreover, the Hif1a expression level correlated with the extent of inflammation. In addition, PX-478 could alleviate the inflammatory responses of the different EAM phases. Last, HIF1A was expressed at higher levels in patients with acute autoimmune myocarditis than in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS We present here a comprehensive single-cell landscape of the cardiac immune cells in different EAM phases. In addition, we elucidate the contribution of Hif1a to the inflammatory response through the regulation of immune cell activity, particularly of macrophage cluster 2 and T-helper 17 cells. Moreover, an Hif1a inhibitor alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration of the EAM model and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumeng Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.)
| | - Gang Hu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Key Laboratory for Medical Data Analysis and Statistical Research of Tianjin, Nankai University, China (G.H.)
| | - Qingtao Hu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China (Q.H., Y.H., L.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Yuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.).,Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (Y.C.)
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.).,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China (Q.H., Y.H., L.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Linlin Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China (Q.H., Y.H., L.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.)
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China (P.-C.Y.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China (Q.H., Y.H., L.G., Y.Z.).,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.L.)
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.H., Y.C., Y.H., X.C., J.S.)
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13
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Covarrubias R, Ismahil MA, Rokosh G, Hamid T, Accornero F, Singh H, Gumina RJ, Prabhu SD, Bansal SS. Optimized protocols for isolation, fixation, and flow cytometric characterization of leukocytes in ischemic hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H658-H666. [PMID: 31373510 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00137.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immune activation post-myocardial infarction is an orchestrated sequence of cellular responses to effect tissue repair and healing. However, excessive and dysregulated inflammation can result in left ventricular remodeling and pathological alterations in the structural and mechanical attributes of the heart. Identification of key pathways and critical cellular mediators of inflammation is thus essential to design immunomodulatory therapies for myocardial infarction and ischemic heart failure. Despite this, the experimental approaches to isolate mononuclear cells from the heart are diverse, and detailed protocols to enable maximum yield of live cells in the shortest time possible are not readily available. Here, we describe optimized protocols for the isolation, fixation, and flow cytometric characterization of cardiac CD45+ leukocytes. These protocols circumvent time-consuming coronary perfusion and density-mediated cell-separation steps, resulting in high cellular yields from cardiac digests devoid of contaminating intravascular cells. Moreover, in contrast to methanol and acetone, we show that cell fixation using 1% paraformaldehyde is most optimal as it does not affect antibody binding or cellular morphology, thereby providing a considerable advantage to study activation/infiltration-associated changes in cellular granularity and size. These are highly versatile methods that can easily be streamlined for studies requiring simultaneous isolation of immune cells from different tissues or deployment in studies containing a large cohort of samples with time-sensitive constraints.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this article, we describe optimized protocols for the isolation, fixation, and flow cytometric analysis of immune cells from the ischemic/nonischemic hearts. These protocols are optimized to process several samples/tissues, simultaneously enabling maximal yield of immune cells in the shortest time possible. We show that the low-speed centrifugation can be used as an effective alternative to lengthy coronary perfusion to remove intravascular cells, and sieving through 40-μm filter can replace density-mediated mononuclear cell separation which usually results in 50-70% cell loss in the sedimented pellets. We also show that cell fixation using 1% paraformaldehyde is better than the organic solvents such as methanol and acetone for flow cytometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Covarrubias
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mohamed Ameen Ismahil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gregg Rokosh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tariq Hamid
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Medical Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shyam S Bansal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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14
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Meng X, Zheng M, Yu M, Bai W, Zuo L, Bu X, Liu Y, Xia L, Hu J, Liu L, Li J. Transplantation of CRISPRa system engineered IL10-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of myocardial infarction in diabetic mice. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:49. [PMID: 31164920 PMCID: PMC6543626 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of mortality in people. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been shown to exert therapeutic potential to treat myocardial infarction (MI). However, in patients with diabetes, the diabetic environment affected MSCs activity and could impair the efficacy of treatment. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to attenuate MI by suppressing inflammation. In current study, the combination of MSC transplantation with IL-10 was evaluated in a diabetic mice model with MI. Methods We engineered bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) to overexpress IL-10 by using CRISPR activation. We established the diabetic mice model with MI and monitored the IL-10 expression after BM-MSCs transplantation. We also evaluated the effects of BM-MSCs transplantation on inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, cardiac function and angiogenesis. Results CRISPR activation system enabled overexpression of IL-10 in BM-MSCs. Transplantation of BM-MSCs overexpressing IL-10 resulted in IL-10 expression in heart after transplantation. Transplantation of BM-MSCs overexpressing IL-10 inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, improved cardiac functional recovery, alleviated cardiac injury, decreased apoptosis of cardiac cells and increased angiogenesis. Conclusion In summary, we have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of IL-10 overexpressed BM-MSCs in the treatment of MI in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- 1Department of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Minjuan Zheng
- 1Department of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Ming Yu
- 1Department of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Wei Bai
- 1Department of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Lei Zuo
- 1Department of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Xin Bu
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Yi Liu
- 3Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Linying Xia
- 3Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Jing Hu
- 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Liwen Liu
- 1Department of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
| | - Jianping Li
- 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaannxi China
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15
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Iida S, Miyairi S, Su CA, Abe T, Abe R, Tanabe K, Dvorina N, Baldwin WM, Fairchild RL. Peritransplant VLA-4 blockade inhibits endogenous memory CD8 T cell infiltration into high-risk cardiac allografts and CTLA-4Ig resistant rejection. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:998-1010. [PMID: 30372587 PMCID: PMC6433496 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recipient endogenous memory CD8 T cells expressing reactivity to donor class I MHC infiltrate MHC-mismatched cardiac allografts within 24 hours after reperfusion and express effector functions mediating graft injury. The current study tested the efficacy of Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) blockade to inhibit endogenous memory CD8 T cell infiltration into cardiac allografts and attenuate early posttransplant inflammation. Peritransplant anti-VLA-4 mAb given to C57BL6 (H-2b ) recipients of AJ (H-2a ) heart allografts completely inhibited endogenous memory CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration with significant decrease in macrophage, but not neutrophil, infiltration into allografts subjected to either minimal or prolonged cold ischemic storage (CIS) prior to transplant, reduced intra-allograft IFN-γ-induced gene expression and prolonged survival of allografts subjected to prolonged CIS in CTLA-4Ig treated recipients. Anti-VLA-4 mAb also inhibited priming of donor-specific T cells producing IFN-γ until at least day 7 posttransplant. Peritransplant anti-VLA plus anti-CD154 mAb treatment similarly prolonged survival of allografts subjected to minimal or increased CIS prior to transplant. Overall, these data indicate that peritransplant anti-VLA-4 mAb inhibits early infiltration memory CD8 T cell infiltration into allografts with a marked reduction in early graft inflammation suggesting an effective strategy to attenuate negative effects of heterologous alloimmunity in recipients of higher risk grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Iida
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyairi
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Charles A. Su
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Toyofumi Abe
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Abe
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nina Dvorina
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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16
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Ma W, Zhang J, Guo L, Wang Y, Lu S, Wang Z, Lu Q, Wei F. Suppressed androgen receptor expression promotes M2 macrophage reprogramming through the STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:21-29. [PMID: 30956636 PMCID: PMC6449667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are important mediators of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases, and various macrophage phenotypes exert opposite effects during inflammation. In our previous study, we proved that suppressed androgen receptor (AR) alleviated inflammation during experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). As anti-inflammatory cells, whether M2 macrophages are involved in this process remains unclear. Here, we showed that anti-inflammatory cytokines and M2 macrophages were elevated when AR was suppressed during EAM. In IL-4 stimulation-induced M2 macrophages, impaired AR with ASC-J9 increased the expression of M2 macrophage-related factors. Moreover, suppressed AR expression resulted in macrophage M2 polarization by reducing SOCS3 production and enhancing STAT3 activation. Taken together, our data suggest that AR plays a critical role in macrophage polarization and suppressed redundant AR expression promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages reprogramming. This study suggests a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory cardiomyopathy through the use of ASC-J9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Ma
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - ZhaoHui Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengtao Wei
- Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Fengtao Wei, Beiyuan Avenue 247#, Department of Internal Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tel: +86-85875464, Fax:+86-85875464, E-mail:
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17
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Weckbach LT, Grabmaier U, Uhl A, Gess S, Boehm F, Zehrer A, Pick R, Salvermoser M, Czermak T, Pircher J, Sorrelle N, Migliorini M, Strickland DK, Klingel K, Brinkmann V, Abu Abed U, Eriksson U, Massberg S, Brunner S, Walzog B. Midkine drives cardiac inflammation by promoting neutrophil trafficking and NETosis in myocarditis. J Exp Med 2019; 216:350-368. [PMID: 30647120 PMCID: PMC6363424 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy is frequently caused by myocarditis. However, the pathogenesis of myocarditis remains incompletely understood. Here, we report the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cardiac tissue of patients and mice with myocarditis. Inhibition of NET formation in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) of mice substantially reduces inflammation in the acute phase of the disease. Targeting the cytokine midkine (MK), which mediates NET formation in vitro, not only attenuates NET formation in vivo and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) but also reduces fibrosis and preserves systolic function during EAM. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) acts as the functionally relevant receptor for MK-induced PMN recruitment as well as NET formation. In summary, NETosis substantially contributes to the pathogenesis of myocarditis and drives cardiac inflammation, probably via MK, which promotes PMN trafficking and NETosis. Thus, MK as well as NETs may represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiac inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig T Weckbach
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany .,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Grabmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Uhl
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gess
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Felicitas Boehm
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Annette Zehrer
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Robert Pick
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Melanie Salvermoser
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Czermak
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Noah Sorrelle
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Mary Migliorini
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Abu Abed
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Gesundheitsversorgung Zürcher Oberland-Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Brunner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany .,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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18
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Meyer IS, Goetzke CC, Kespohl M, Sauter M, Heuser A, Eckstein V, Vornlocher HP, Anderson DG, Haas J, Meder B, Katus HA, Klingel K, Beling A, Leuschner F. Silencing the CSF-1 Axis Using Nanoparticle Encapsulated siRNA Mitigates Viral and Autoimmune Myocarditis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2303. [PMID: 30349538 PMCID: PMC6186826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle most commonly caused by viral infection and often maintained by autoimmunity. Virus-induced tissue damage triggers chemokine production and, subsequently, immune cell infiltration with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine production follows. In patients, the overall inflammatory burden determines the disease outcome. Following the aim to define specific molecules that drive both immunopathology and/or autoimmunity in inflammatory heart disease, here we report on increased expression of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) in patients with myocarditis. CSF-1 controls monocytes originating from hematopoietic stem cells and subsequent progenitor stages. Both, monocytes and macrophages are centrally involved in mediating tissue damage and fibrotic scarring in the heart. CSF-1 influences monocytes via engagement of CSF-1 receptor, and it is also produced by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system themselves. Based on this, we sought to modulate the virus-triggered inflammatory response in an experimental model of Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis by silencing the CSF-1 axis in myeloid cells using nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA. siCSF-1 inverted virus-mediated immunopathology as reflected by lower troponin T levels, a reduction of accumulating myeloid cells in heart tissue and improved cardiac function. Importantly, pathogen control was maintained and the virus was efficiently cleared from heart tissue. Since viral heart disease triggers heart-directed autoimmunity, in a second approach we investigated the influence of CSF-1 upon manifestation of heart tissue inflammation during experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). EAM was induced in Balb/c mice by immunization with a myocarditogenic myosin-heavy chain-derived peptide dissolved in complete Freund's adjuvant. siCSF-1 treatment initiated upon established disease inhibited monocyte infiltration into heart tissue and this suppressed cardiac injury as reflected by diminished cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function at later states. Mechanistically, we found that suppression of CSF-1 production arrested both differentiation and maturation of monocytes and their precursors in the bone marrow. In conclusion, during viral and autoimmune myocarditis silencing of the myeloid CSF-1 axis by nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA is beneficial for preventing inflammatory tissue damage in the heart and preserving cardiac function without compromising innate immunity's critical defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Sören Meyer
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Christoph Goetzke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meike Kespohl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Sauter
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Eckstein
- Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jan Haas
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo Albert Katus
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Antje Beling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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20
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Chen G, Bracamonte-Baran W, Diny NL, Hou X, Talor MV, Fu K, Liu Y, Davogustto G, Vasquez H, Taegtmeyer H, Frazier OH, Waisman A, Conway SJ, Wan F, Čiháková D. Sca-1 + cardiac fibroblasts promote development of heart failure. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1522-1538. [PMID: 29953616 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The causative effect of GM-CSF produced by cardiac fibroblasts to development of heart failure has not been shown. We identified the pathological GM-CSF-producing cardiac fibroblast subset and the specific deletion of IL-17A signaling to these cells attenuated cardiac inflammation and heart failure. We describe here the CD45- CD31- CD29+ mEF-SK4+ PDGFRα+ Sca-1+ periostin+ (Sca-1+ ) cardiac fibroblast subset as the main GM-CSF producer in both experimental autoimmune myocarditis and myocardial infarction mouse models. Specific ablation of IL-17A signaling to Sca-1+ periostin+ cardiac fibroblasts (PostnCre Il17rafl/fl ) protected mice from post-infarct heart failure and death. Moreover, PostnCre Il17rafl/fl mice had significantly fewer GM-CSF-producing Sca-1+ cardiac fibroblasts and inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes in the heart. Sca-1+ cardiac fibroblasts were not only potent GM-CSF producers, but also exhibited plasticity and switched their cytokine production profiles depending on local microenvironments. Moreover, we also found GM-CSF-positive cardiac fibroblasts in cardiac biopsy samples from heart failure patients of myocarditis or ischemic origin. Thus, this is the first identification of a pathological GM-CSF-producing cardiac fibroblast subset in human and mice hearts with myocarditis and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Sca-1+ cardiac fibroblasts direct the type of immune cells infiltrating the heart during cardiac inflammation and drive the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobao Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicola L Diny
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuezhou Hou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giovanni Davogustto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hernan Vasquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - O Howard Frazier
- Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke's Health - Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, MC 2-114A, PO Box 20345, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simon J Conway
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Xu D, Wang P, Yang J, Qian Q, Li M, Wei L, Xu W. Gr-1+ Cells Other Than Ly6G+ Neutrophils Limit Virus Replication and Promote Myocardial Inflammation and Fibrosis Following Coxsackievirus B3 Infection of Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:157. [PMID: 29868513 PMCID: PMC5962688 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary cause of viral myocarditis. An early and abundant neutrophil accumulation in the myocardium is a hallmark of early CVB3 infection. Yet the relative contribution of neutrophils to host susceptibility to CVB3 myocarditis remains largely unknown. Herein, peripheral neutrophil depletion was implemented in a BALB/c mouse model of acute CVB3 myocarditis using the specific 1A-8 (anti-Ly6G) or a RB6-8C5 (anti-Gr-1) mAb covering a wide range. Anti-Ly6G treatment led to systemic neutropenia throughout the disease, but did not alter virus replication, disease susceptibility and histopathological changes in the heart and pancreas of mice. In contrast, depletion of both neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages by anti-Gr-1 mAb prior to and after infection significantly promoted susceptibility of mice to CVB3 infection which was associated with exacerbated cardiac and pancreatic viral load. However, depletion of Gr1+ cells significantly suppressed acute myocarditis and pancreatic acini destruction at day 7 post infection via reducing Ly6Chigh monocyte population in the circulation. Additionally, cardiac interstitial fibrosis was not affected by neutrophil depletion, whereas Gr-1+ cells other than neutrophils increased cardiac fibrosis at day 21 p.i. by increasing cardiac expression of profibrotic cytokine TNF-α and TGF-β. Thus, Neutrophil function is most likely not essential for CVB3 control and peripheral neutrophils play dispensable role in the pathogenesis of acute myocarditis and pancreatitis during CVB3 infection. Whereas Gr-1+ cells other than neutrophils play a major role in limiting viral replication while promoting myocardial and pancreatic inflammatory injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peijie Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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22
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Benitez R, Delgado-Maroto V, Caro M, Forte-Lago I, Duran-Prado M, O’Valle F, Lichtman AH, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Ameliorates Acute Myocarditis and Atherosclerosis by Regulating Inflammatory and Autoimmune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3697-3710. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Tsuda H, Su CA, Tanaka T, Ayasoufi K, Min B, Valujskikh A, Fairchild RL. Allograft dendritic cell p40 homodimers activate donor-reactive memory CD8+ T cells. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96940. [PMID: 29467328 PMCID: PMC5916254 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recipient endogenous memory T cells with donor reactivity pose an important barrier to successful transplantation and costimulatory blockade-induced graft tolerance. Longer ischemic storage times prior to organ transplantation increase early posttransplant inflammation and negatively impact early graft function and long-term graft outcome. Little is known about the mechanisms enhancing endogenous memory T cell activation to mediate tissue injury within the increased inflammatory environment of allografts subjected to prolonged cold ischemic storage (CIS). Endogenous memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation is markedly increased within complete MHC-mismatched cardiac allografts subjected to prolonged versus minimal CIS, and the memory CD8+ T cells directly mediate CTLA-4Ig-resistant allograft rejection. Memory CD8+ T cell activation within allografts subjected to prolonged CIS requires memory CD4+ T cell stimulation of graft DCs to produce p40 homodimers, but not IL-12 p40/p35 heterodimers. Targeting p40 abrogates memory CD8+ T cell proliferation within the allografts and their ability to mediate CTLA-4Ig-resistant allograft rejection. These findings indicate a critical role for memory CD4+ T cell-graft DC interactions to increase the intensity of endogenous memory CD8+ T cell activation needed to mediate rejection of higher-risk allografts subjected to increased CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Lerner Research Institute and
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, and
| | - Charles A. Su
- Lerner Research Institute and
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Lerner Research Institute and
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, and
| | | | | | | | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Lerner Research Institute and
- Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, and
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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24
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HMGB1 silencing in macrophages prevented their functional skewing and ameliorated EAM development: Nuclear HMGB1 may be a checkpoint molecule of macrophage reprogramming. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:277-284. [PMID: 29414662 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an important inflammatory factor, plays significant roles in CD4+T cell differentiation, cancer and autoimmune disease development. Our previous data have demonstrated that HMGB1 contributes to macrophage reprogramming and is involved in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) development. In contrast to the well-explored function of HMGB1, little is known about the nuclear function. Whether HMGB1 can serve as an architectural factor and control functional skewing of macrophages remains unclear. Therefore, the present work was performed to address the above speculation. The adenovirus-mediated shRNA (Ad-shRNA) was employed to knock down HMGB1 in RAW264.7 and monocytes/macrophages of EAM mice. Our data showed that in vitro HMGB1 silencing limited functional skewing of macrophages and down-regulated inflammatory factors secretion, which can't be reversed by the exogenous HMGB1. In M1 polarization system, the phosphorylations of NF-κB, p38 and Erk1/2 were inhibited following HMGB1 silencing. In vivo, HMGB1 silencing could effectively ameliorate EAM development. Our data suggest that HMGB1 may be a checkpoint nuclear factor of macrophage reprogramming. Our findings also provide an exciting therapeutic method for inflammatory disorders.
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25
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Fontes JA, Barin JG, Talor MV, Stickel N, Schaub J, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Complete Freund's adjuvant induces experimental autoimmune myocarditis by enhancing IL-6 production during initiation of the immune response. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:163-176. [PMID: 28474508 PMCID: PMC5418134 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) emulsified with an antigen is a widely used method to induce autoimmune disease in animal models, yet the contribution of CFA to the immune response is not well understood. We compared the effectiveness of CFA with Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA) or TiterMax Gold Adjuvant (TMax) in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in male mice. METHODS EAM was induced in A/J, BALB/c, and IL6KO BALB/c male mice by injection of the myocarditogenic peptide in CFA, IFA, or TMax on days 0 and 7. EAM severity was analyzed by histology on day 21. In addition, specific flow cytometry outcomes were evaluated on day 21. RESULTS Only mice immunized with CFA and myocarditogenic peptide on both days 0 and 7 developed substantial myocarditis as measured by histology. We observed a significantly increased level of IL6 in the spleen 3 days after CFA immunization. In the spleen and heart on day 21, there was an expansion of myeloid cells in CFA-immunized mice, as compared to IFA or TMax-immunized animals. Recombinant IL-6 at the time of IFA immunization partially restored susceptibility of the mice to EAM. We also treated EAM-resistant IL-6 knockout mice with recombinant IL-6 around the time of the first immunization, on days -1 to 2, completely restoring disease susceptibility, showing that the requirement for IL-6 coincides with primary immunization. Examining APC populations in the lymph node draining the immunization site evidenced the contribution of IL-6 to the CFA-dependence of EAM was through controlling local dendritic cell (DC) trafficking. CONCLUSIONS CFA used with myocarditogenic peptide twice is required to induce EAM in both A/J and Balb/c mice. Although IFA and TiterMax induce antibody responses, only CFA preferentially induced autoantigen-specific responses. CFA expands monocytes in the heart and in the spleen. IL-6 signaling is required during short window around primary immunization to induce EAM. In addition, IL-6 deficient mice resistance to EAM could be reversed by injecting IL-6 around first immunization. IL-6 expands dendritic cell and monocytic populations and ultimately leads to a robust T-cell driven immune response in CFA immunized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian A. Fontes
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jobert G. Barin
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Monica V. Talor
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Natalie Stickel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationFreiburg University Medical CenterFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of BiologyAlbert Ludwigs University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Julie Schaub
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Noel R. Rose
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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26
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Miyawaki A, Obana M, Mitsuhara Y, Orimoto A, Nakayasu Y, Yamashita T, Fukada SI, Maeda M, Nakayama H, Fujio Y. Adult murine cardiomyocytes exhibit regenerative activity with cell cycle reentry through STAT3 in the healing process of myocarditis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1407. [PMID: 28469272 PMCID: PMC5431117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes substantially lose proliferative capacity immediately after birth, limiting adult heart regeneration after injury. However, clinical myocarditis appears to be self-limiting with tissue-reparative properties. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the recovery from myocarditis with regard to cardiomyocyte proliferation using an experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model. Three weeks after EAM induction (EAM3w), cardiac tissue displayed infiltration of inflammatory cells with cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, by EAM5w, the myocardial damage was remarkably attenuated, associated with an increase in cardiomyocytes that were positively stained with cell cycle markers at EAM3w. Cardiomyocyte fate mapping study revealed that the proliferating cardiomyocytes primarily derived from pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was robustly activated in cardiomyocytes during inflammation, accompanied by induction of interleukin-6 family cytokines. Cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of STAT3 gene suppressed the frequency of cycling cardiomyocytes in the recovery period without influencing inflammatory status, resulting in impaired tissue repair and cardiac dysfunction. Finally, microarray analysis revealed that the expression of regeneration-related genes, metallothioneins and clusterin, in cardiomyocytes was decreased by STAT3 gene deletion. These data show that adult mammalian cardiomyocytes restore regenerative capacity with cell cycle reentry through STAT3 as the heart recovers from myocarditis-induced cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Miyawaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitsuhara
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aya Orimoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakayasu
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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27
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Ma W, Wang Y, Lu S, Yan L, Hu F, Wang Z. Targeting androgen receptor with ASC-J9 attenuates cardiac injury and dysfunction in experimental autoimmune myocarditis by reducing M1-like macrophage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:746-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Zhang H, Yue Y, Sun T, Wu X, Xiong S. Transmissible endoplasmic reticulum stress from myocardiocytes to macrophages is pivotal for the pathogenesis of CVB3-induced viral myocarditis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42162. [PMID: 28176833 PMCID: PMC5296968 DOI: 10.1038/srep42162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrating macrophages have been proven as a pivotal pathological inflammatory cell subset in coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induced viral myocarditis. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation and promotion of macrophage pro-inflammatory responses are still blur. We previously reported that cardiac ER stress contributed to CVB3-induced myocarditis by augmenting inflammation. In this study, we focused on the influence of ER stress on the macrophage inflammatory responses in the viral myocarditis. We found that ER stress was robustly induced in the cardiac infiltrating macrophages from CVB3-infected mice, and robustly facilitated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, MCP-1 and IP-10). Consistently, adoptive transfer of ER stressed macrophages significantly worsened the viral myocarditis; while transfer of ER stress-inhibited macrophages obviously alleviated the myocarditis. To our surprise, this significantly activated ER stress was not directly caused by the virus stimulation, but was transferred from the CVB3-infected, ER stressed myocardiocytes via soluble molecules in a TLR2, 4-independent way. In the present study, we reported that the transmissible ER stress from the infected myocardiocytes to macrophages could augment the pro-inflammatory responses and promoted the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. Blocking ER stress transmission, instead of inhibiting its initiation, may represent novel therapeutic strategies against viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tianle Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuejie Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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Delgado-Maroto V, Falo CP, Forte-Lago I, Adan N, Morell M, Maganto-Garcia E, Robledo G, O'Valle F, Lichtman AH, Gonzalez-Rey E, Delgado M. The neuropeptide cortistatin attenuates experimental autoimmune myocarditis via inhibition of cardiomyogenic T cell-driven inflammatory responses. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:267-280. [PMID: 27922195 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myocarditis is an inflammatory and autoimmune cardiovascular disease that causes dilated myocardiopathy and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cortistatin is a neuropeptide produced by neurons and cells of the immune and vascular systems. Besides its action in locomotor activity and sleep, cortistatin inhibits inflammation in different experimental models of autoimmune diseases. However, its role in inflammatory cardiovascular disorders is unexplored. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of cortistatin in a well-established preclinical model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We induced EAM by immunization with a fragment of cardiac myosin in susceptible Balb/c mice. Cortistatin was administered i.p. starting 7, 11 or 15 days after EAM induction. At day 21, we evaluated heart hypertrophy, myocardial injury, cardiac inflammatory infiltration and levels of serum and cardiac inflammatory cytokines, cortistatin and autoantibodies. We determined proliferation and cytokine production by heart draining lymph node cells in response to cardiac myosin restimulation. KEY RESULTS Systemic injection of cortistatin during the effector phase of the disease significantly reduced its prevalence and signs of heart hypertrophy and injury (decreased the levels of brain natriuretic peptide) and impaired myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in self-antigen-specific T-cell responses in lymph nodes and in the levels of cardiomyogenic antibodies and inflammatory cytokines in serum and myocardium. Finally, we found a positive correlation between cardiac and systemic cortistatin levels and EAM severity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Cortistatin emerges as a new candidate to treat inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara P Falo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Forte-Lago
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Norma Adan
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Morell
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Maganto-Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gema Robledo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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30
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Lee SP, Im HJ, Kang S, Chung SJ, Cho YS, Kang H, Park HS, Hwang DW, Park JB, Paeng JC, Cheon GJ, Lee YS, Jeong JM, Kim YJ. Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Inflammation in Myocarditis using 68Ga-tagged Mannosylated Human Serum Albumin Positron Emission Tomography. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:413-424. [PMID: 28042344 PMCID: PMC5197074 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of myocarditis traditionally relies on invasive endomyocardial biopsy but none of the imaging studies so far are specific for infiltration of the inflammatory cells itself. We synthesized 68Ga-2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) mannosylated human serum albumin (MSA) by conjugating human serum albumin with mannose, followed by conjugation with NOTA and labeling it with 68Ga. The efficacy of 68Ga-NOTA-MSA positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging myocardial inflammation was tested in a rat myocarditis model. A significant number of mannose receptor-positive inflammatory cells infiltrated the myocardium in both human and rat myocarditis tissue. 68Ga-NOTA-MSA uptake was upregulated in organs of macrophage accumulation, such as liver, spleen, bone marrow and myocardium (0.32 (0.31~0.33) for normal versus 1.02 (0.86~1.06) for myocarditis (median (range), SUV); n=4~6 per group, p-value=0.01). 68Ga-NOTA-MSA uptake in the left ventricle was upregulated in myocarditis compared with normal rats (2.29 (1.42~3.40) for normal versus 4.18 (3.43~6.15) for myocarditis (median (range), average standard uptake value ratio against paraspinal muscle); n=6 per group, p-value<0.01), which was downregulated in rats with cyclosporine-A treated myocarditis (3.69 (2.59~3.86) for myocarditis versus 2.28 (1.76~2.60) for cyclosporine-A treated myocarditis; n=6 per group, p-value<0.01). The specificity of the tracer was verified by administration of excess non-labeled MSA. 68Ga-NOTA-MSA uptake was significantly enhanced earlier in the evolution of myocarditis before any signs of inflammation could be seen on echocardiography. These results demonstrate the potential utility of visualizing infiltration of mannose receptor-positive macrophages with 68Ga-NOTA-MSA PET in the early diagnosis of as well as in the monitoring of treatment response of myocarditis.
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31
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Heymans S, Eriksson U, Lehtonen J, Cooper LT. The Quest for New Approaches in Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:2348-2364. [PMID: 27884253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis is a diverse group of heart-specific immune processes classified by clinical and histopathological manifestations. Up to 40% of dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with inflammation or viral infection. Recent experimental studies revealed complex regulatory roles for several microribonucleic acids and T-cell and macrophage subtypes. Although the prevalence of myocarditis remained stable between 1990 and 2013 at about 22 per 100,000 people, overall mortality from cardiomyopathy and myocarditis has decreased since 2005. The diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance has increased with new, higher-sensitivity sequences. Positron emission tomography has emerged as a useful tool for diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. The sensitivity of endomyocardial biopsy may be increased, especially in suspected sarcoidosis, by the use of electrogram guidance to target regions of abnormal signal. Investigational treatments on the basis of mechanistic advances are entering clinical trials. Revised management recommendations regarding athletic participation after acute myocarditis have heightened the importance of early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Urs Eriksson
- GZO Regional Health Center, Wetzikon & Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Leslie T Cooper
- Cardiovascular Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
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32
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A Novel Murine Model of Parvovirus Associated Dilated Cardiomyopathy Induced by Immunization with VP1-Unique Region of Parvovirus B19. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1627184. [PMID: 27812527 PMCID: PMC5080459 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1627184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common finding in endomyocardial biopsy specimens from myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy patients. However, current understanding of how B19V is contributing to cardiac damage is rather limited due to the lack of appropriate mice models. In this work we demonstrate that immunization of BALB/c mice with the major immunogenic determinant of B19V located in the unique sequence of capsid protein VP1 (VP1u) is an adequate model to study B19V associated heart damage. Methods and Results. We immunized mice in the experimental group with recombinant VP1u; immunization with cardiac myosin derived peptide served as a positive reference and phosphate buffered saline served as negative control. Cardiac function and dimensions were followed echocardiographically 69 days after immunization. Progressive dilatation of left ventricle and decline of ejection fraction were observed in VP1u- and myosin-immunized mice. Histologically, severe cardiac fibrosis and accumulation of heart failure cells in lungs were observed 69 days after immunization. Transcriptomic profiling revealed ongoing cardiac remodeling and immune process in VP1u- and myosin-immunized mice. Conclusions. Immunization of BALB/c mice with VP1u induces dilated cardiomyopathy in BALB/c mice and it could be used as a model to study clinically relevant B19V associated cardiac damage.
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33
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Steinl DC, Xu L, Khanicheh E, Ellertsdottir E, Ochoa-Espinosa A, Mitterhuber M, Glatz K, Kuster GM, Kaufmann BA. Noninvasive Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Molecular Imaging Detects Myocardial Inflammatory Response in Autoimmune Myocarditis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:CIRCIMAGING.116.004720. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.004720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Cardiac tests for diagnosing myocarditis lack sensitivity or specificity. We hypothesized that contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging could detect myocardial inflammation and the recruitment of specific cellular subsets of the inflammatory response in murine myocarditis.
Methods and Results—
Microbubbles (MB) bearing antibodies targeting lymphocyte CD4 (MB
CD4
), endothelial P-selectin (MB
PSel
), or isotype control antibody (MB
Iso
) and MB with a negative electric charge for targeting of leukocytes (MB
Lc
) were prepared. Attachment of MB
CD4
was validated in vitro using murine spleen CD4+ T cells. Twenty-eight mice were studied after the induction of autoimmune myocarditis by immunization with α-myosin-peptide; 20 mice served as controls. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging of the heart was performed. Left ventricular function was assessed by conventional and deformation echocardiography, and myocarditis severity graded on histology. Animals were grouped into no myocarditis, moderate myocarditis, and severe myocarditis. In vitro, attachment of MB
CD4
to CD4+ T cells was significantly greater than of MB
Iso
. Of the left ventricular ejection fraction or strain and strain rate readouts, only longitudinal strain was significantly different from control animals in severe myocarditis. In contrast, contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging showed increased signals for all targeted MB versus MB
Iso
both in moderate and severe myocarditis, and MB
CD4
signal correlated with CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltration in the myocardium.
Conclusions—
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging can detect endothelial inflammation and leukocyte infiltration in myocarditis in the absence of a detectable decline in left ventricular performance by functional imaging. In particular, imaging of CD4+ T cells involved in autoimmune responses could be helpful in diagnosing myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Steinl
- From the Department of Biomedicine (D.C.S., L.X., E.K., E.E., A.O.-E., M.M., G.M.K., B.A.K.), Institute for Pathology University Hospital (K.G.), and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (G.M.K., B.A.K.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- From the Department of Biomedicine (D.C.S., L.X., E.K., E.E., A.O.-E., M.M., G.M.K., B.A.K.), Institute for Pathology University Hospital (K.G.), and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (G.M.K., B.A.K.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elham Khanicheh
- From the Department of Biomedicine (D.C.S., L.X., E.K., E.E., A.O.-E., M.M., G.M.K., B.A.K.), Institute for Pathology University Hospital (K.G.), and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (G.M.K., B.A.K.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elin Ellertsdottir
- From the Department of Biomedicine (D.C.S., L.X., E.K., E.E., A.O.-E., M.M., G.M.K., B.A.K.), Institute for Pathology University Hospital (K.G.), and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (G.M.K., B.A.K.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Ochoa-Espinosa
- From the Department of Biomedicine (D.C.S., L.X., E.K., E.E., A.O.-E., M.M., G.M.K., B.A.K.), Institute for Pathology University Hospital (K.G.), and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (G.M.K., B.A.K.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Mitterhuber
- From the Department of Biomedicine (D.C.S., L.X., E.K., E.E., A.O.-E., M.M., G.M.K., B.A.K.), Institute for Pathology University Hospital (K.G.), and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (G.M.K., B.A.K.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Glatz
- From the Department of Biomedicine (D.C.S., L.X., E.K., E.E., A.O.-E., M.M., G.M.K., B.A.K.), Institute for Pathology University Hospital (K.G.), and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (G.M.K., B.A.K.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M. Kuster
- From the Department of Biomedicine (D.C.S., L.X., E.K., E.E., A.O.-E., M.M., G.M.K., B.A.K.), Institute for Pathology University Hospital (K.G.), and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (G.M.K., B.A.K.), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat A. Kaufmann
- From the Department of Biomedicine (D.C.S., L.X., E.K., E.E., A.O.-E., M.M., G.M.K., B.A.K.), Institute for Pathology University Hospital (K.G.), and Division of Cardiology, University Hospital (G.M.K., B.A.K.), University of Basel, Switzerland
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34
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Miyawaki A, Mitsuhara Y, Orimoto A, Nakayasu Y, Tsunoda SI, Obana M, Maeda M, Nakayama H, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y, Fujio Y. Moesin is activated in cardiomyocytes in experimental autoimmune myocarditis and mediates cytoskeletal reorganization with protrusion formation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H476-86. [PMID: 27342875 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00180.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocarditis is a self-limiting disease. Most patients with myocarditis recover without cardiac dysfunction in spite of limited capacity of myocardial regeneration. Therefore, to address intrinsic reparative machinery of inflamed hearts, we investigated the cellular dynamics of cardiomyocytes in response to inflammation using experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model. EAM was induced by immunization of BALB/c mice with α-myosin heavy chain peptides twice. The inflammatory reaction was evoked with myocardial damage with the peak at 3 wk after the first immunization (EAM3w). Morphological and functional restoration started from EAM3w, when active protrusion formation, a critical process of myocardial healing, was observed in cardiomyocytes. Shotgun proteomics revealed that cytoskeletal proteins were preferentially increased in cardiomyocytes at EAM3w, compared with preimmunized (EAM0w) hearts, and that moesin was the most remarkably upregulated among them. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated that the expression of both total and phosphorylated moesin was upregulated in isolated cardiomyocytes from EAM3w hearts. Immunofluorescence staining showed that moesin was localized at cardiomyocyte protrusions at EAM3w. Adenoviral vectors expressing wild-type, constitutively active and inactive form of moesin (wtMoesin, caMoesin, and iaMoesin, respectively) were transfected in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The overexpression of wtMoesin and caMoesin resulted in protrusion formation, while not iaMoesin. Finally, we found that cardiomyocyte protrusions were accompanied by cell-cell contact formation. The expression of moesin was upregulated in cardiomyocytes under inflammation, inducing protrusion formation in a phosphorylation-dependent fashion. Moesin signal could be a novel therapeutic target that stimulates myocardial repair by promoting contact formation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Miyawaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitsuhara
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aya Orimoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakayasu
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Saitoasagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Masanori Obana
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fujio
- Laboratory of Clinical Science and Biomedicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan;
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35
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Männ L, Kochupurakkal N, Martin C, Verjans E, Klingberg A, Sody S, Kraus A, Dalimot J, Bergmüller E, Jung S, Voortman S, Winterhager E, Brandau S, Garbi N, Kurrer M, Eriksson U, Gunzer M, Hasenberg M. CD11c.DTR mice develop a fatal fulminant myocarditis after local or systemic treatment with diphtheria toxin. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2028-42. [PMID: 27184067 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To assess the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) during a pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection AMs were depleted by intratracheal application of diphtheria toxin (DTX) to transgenic CD11c.DTR mice prior to fungal infection. Unexpectedly, all CD11c.DTR mice treated with DTX died within 4-5 days, whether being infected with A. fumigatus or not. Despite measurable impact of DTX on lung functional parameters, these constrictions could not explain the high mortality rate. Instead, DTX-treated CD11c.DTR animals developed fulminant myocarditis (FM) characterized by massive leukocyte infiltration and myocardial cell destruction, including central parts of the heart's stimulus transmission system. In fact, standard limb lead ECG recordings of diseased but not healthy mice showed a "Brugada"-like pattern with an abnormally high ST segment pointing to enhanced susceptibility for potential lethal arrhythmias. While CD11c.DTR mice are extensively used for the characterization of CD11c(+) cells, including dendritic cells, several studies have already mentioned adverse side effects following DTX treatment. Our results demonstrate that this limitation is based on severe myocarditis but not on the expected lung constrictions, and has to be taken into consideration if this animal model is used. Based on these properties, however, the CD11c.DTR mouse might serve as useful animal model for FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Männ
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nora Kochupurakkal
- Department of Research, Experimental Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Verjans
- Institute of Pediatrics, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anika Klingberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Sody
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kraus
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jill Dalimot
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eileen Bergmüller
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sylvia Voortman
- Imaging Center Essen, Electron Microscopy Unit, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Winterhager
- Imaging Center Essen, Electron Microscopy Unit, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Urs Eriksson
- Division of Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, GZO-Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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36
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Dendritic Cells and Their Role in Cardiovascular Diseases: A View on Human Studies. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5946807. [PMID: 27088098 PMCID: PMC4818818 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5946807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are key to the immunological response, with different functions ascribed ranging from cellular immune activation to induction of tolerance. Such immunological responses are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases, with DCs shown to play a role in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure and most notably following heart transplantation. A better understanding of the interplay between the immune system and cardiovascular diseases will therefore be critical for developing novel therapeutic treatments as well as innovative monitoring tools for disease progression. As such, the present review will provide an overview of DCs involvement in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and how targeting these cells may have beneficial effects for the prognosis of patients.
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37
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Iida S, Tsuda H, Tanaka T, Kish DD, Abe T, Su CA, Abe R, Tanabe K, Valujskikh A, Baldwin WM, Fairchild RL. IL-1 Receptor Signaling on Graft Parenchymal Cells Regulates Memory and De Novo Donor-Reactive CD8 T Cell Responses to Cardiac Allografts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2827-37. [PMID: 26856697 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion of organ allografts induces a potent inflammatory response that directs rapid memory T cell, neutrophil, and macrophage graft infiltration and their activation to express functions mediating graft tissue injury. The role of cardiac allograft IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling in this early inflammation and the downstream primary alloimmune response was investigated. When compared with complete MHC-mismatched wild-type cardiac allografts, IL-1R(-/-) allografts had marked decreases in endogenous memory CD8 T cell and neutrophil infiltration and expression of proinflammatory mediators at early times after transplant, whereas endogenous memory CD4 T cell and macrophage infiltration was not decreased. IL-1R(-/-) allograft recipients also had marked decreases in de novo donor-reactive CD8, but not CD4, T cell development to IFN-γ-producing cells. CD8 T cell-mediated rejection of IL-1R(-/-) cardiac allografts took 3 wk longer than wild-type allografts. Cardiac allografts from reciprocal bone marrow reconstituted IL-1R(-/-)/wild-type chimeric donors indicated that IL-1R signaling on graft nonhematopoietic-derived, but not bone marrow-derived, cells is required for the potent donor-reactive memory and primary CD8 T cell alloimmune responses observed in response to wild-type allografts. These studies implicate IL-1R-mediated signals by allograft parenchymal cells in generating the stimuli-provoking development and elicitation of optimal alloimmune responses to the grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Iida
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Danielle D Kish
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Toyofumi Abe
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Charles A Su
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Ryo Abe
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Division of Immunobiology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Regulated Hyaluronan Synthesis by Vascular Cells. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:208303. [PMID: 26448750 PMCID: PMC4581571 DOI: 10.1155/2015/208303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular microenvironment plays a critical role in several pathologies including atherosclerosis. Hyaluronan (HA) content often reflects the progression of this disease in promoting vessel thickening and cell migration. HA synthesis is regulated by several factors, including the phosphorylation of HA synthase 2 (HAS2) and other covalent modifications including ubiquitination and O-GlcNAcylation. Substrate availability is important in HA synthesis control. Specific drugs reducing the UDP precursors are able to reduce HA synthesis whereas the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) increases the concentration of HA precursor UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) leading to an increase of HA synthesis. The flux through the HBP in the regulation of HA biosynthesis in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was reported as a critical aspect. In fact, inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation reduced HA production whereas increased O-GlcNAcylation augmented HA secretion. Additionally, O-GlcNAcylation regulates HAS2 gene expression resulting in accumulation of its mRNA after induction of O-GlcNAcylation with glucosamine treatments. The oxidized LDLs, the most common molecules related to atherosclerosis outcome and progression, are also able to induce a strong HA synthesis when they are in contact with vascular cells. In this review, we present recent described mechanisms involved in HA synthesis regulation and their role in atherosclerosis outcome and development.
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Ong S, Ligons DL, Barin JG, Wu L, Talor MV, Diny N, Fontes JA, Gebremariam E, Kass DA, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Natural killer cells limit cardiac inflammation and fibrosis by halting eosinophil infiltration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:847-61. [PMID: 25622543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis is a leading cause of sudden cardiac failure in young adults. Natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of the innate lymphoid cell compartment, are protective in viral myocarditis. Herein, we demonstrated that these protective qualities extend to suppressing autoimmune inflammation. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) was initiated in BALB/c mice by immunization with myocarditogenic peptide. During EAM, activated cardiac NK cells secreted interferon γ, perforin, and granzyme B, and expressed CD69, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand treatment, and CD27 on their cell surfaces. The depletion of NK cells during EAM with anti-asialo GM1 antibody significantly increased myocarditis severity, and was accompanied by elevated fibrosis and a 10-fold increase in the percentage of cardiac-infiltrating eosinophils. The resultant influx of eosinophils to the heart was directly responsible for the increased disease severity in the absence of NK cells, because treatment with polyclonal antibody asialogangloside GM-1 did not augment myocarditis severity in eosinophil-deficient ΔdoubleGATA1 mice. We demonstrate that NK cells limit eosinophilic infiltration both indirectly, through altering eosinophil-related chemokine production by cardiac fibroblasts, and directly, by inducing eosinophil apoptosis in vitro. Altogether, we define a new pathway of eosinophilic regulation through interactions with NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuFey Ong
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Davinna L Ligons
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jobert G Barin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lei Wu
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicola Diny
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jillian A Fontes
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Gebremariam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David A Kass
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noel R Rose
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Gjurich BN, Taghavie-Moghadam PL, Galkina EV. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aorta. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1339:161-175. [PMID: 26445788 PMCID: PMC4638413 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2929-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in the modulation of atherogenesis at all stages of the disease. However, there are many technical difficulties when studying the immune system within murine aortas. Common techniques such as PCR and immunohistochemistry have answered many questions about the presence of immune cells and mediators of inflammation within the aorta yet many questions remain unanswered due to the limitations of these techniques. On the other hand, cumulatively the flow cytometry approach has propelled the immunology field forward but it has been challenging to apply this technique to aortic tissues. Here, we describe the methodology to isolate and characterize the immune cells within the murine aorta and provide examples of functional assays for aortic leukocytes using flow cytometry. The method involves the harvesting and enzymatic digestion of the aorta, extracellular and intracellular protein staining, and a subsequent flow cytometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne N Gjurich
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA, 23507-1696, USA
| | - Parésa L Taghavie-Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA, 23507-1696, USA
| | - Elena V Galkina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA, 23507-1696, USA.
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Unresolved issues in theories of autoimmune disease using myocarditis as a framework. J Theor Biol 2014; 375:101-123. [PMID: 25484004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many theories of autoimmune disease have been proposed since the discovery that the immune system can attack the body. These theories include the hidden or cryptic antigen theory, modified antigen theory, T cell bypass, T cell-B cell mismatch, epitope spread or drift, the bystander effect, molecular mimicry, anti-idiotype theory, antigenic complementarity, and dual-affinity T cell receptors. We critically review these theories and relevant mathematical models as they apply to autoimmune myocarditis. All theories share the common assumption that autoimmune diseases are triggered by environmental factors such as infections or chemical exposure. Most, but not all, theories and mathematical models are unifactorial assuming single-agent causation of disease. Experimental and clinical evidence and mathematical models exist to support some aspects of most theories, but evidence/models that support one theory almost invariably supports other theories as well. More importantly, every theory (and every model) lacks the ability to account for some key autoimmune disease phenomena such as the fundamental roles of innate immunity, sex differences in disease susceptibility, the necessity for adjuvants in experimental animal models, and the often paradoxical effect of exposure timing and dose on disease induction. We argue that a more comprehensive and integrated theory of autoimmunity associated with new mathematical models is needed and suggest specific experimental and clinical tests for each major theory that might help to clarify how they relate to clinical disease and reveal how theories are related.
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42
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Wang JH, Su F, Wang S, Lu XC, Zhang SH, Chen D, Chen NN, Zhong JQ. CXCR6 deficiency attenuates pressure overload-induced monocytes migration and cardiac fibrosis through downregulating TNF-α-dependent MMP9 pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:6514-6523. [PMID: 25400729 PMCID: PMC4230124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An immerging role of TNF-α in collagen synthesis and cardiac fibrosis implies the significance of TNF-α production in the development of myocardial remodeling. Our previous study showed a reduction of TNF-α and attenuated cardiac remodeling in CXCR6 knockout (KO) mice after ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the potential mechanism of TNF-α-mediated cardiac fibrosis with pressure overload has not been well elucidated. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of CXCR6 in TNF-α release and myocardial remodeling in response to pressure overload. Pressure overload was performed by constriction of transverse aorta (TAC) surgery on CXCR6 KO mice and C57 wild-type (WT) counterparts. At 6 weeks after TAC, cardiac remodeling was assessed by echocardiography, cardiac TNF-α release and its type I receptor (TNFRI), were detected by ELISA and western blot, collagen genes Col1a1 (type I) and Col3a1 (type III) were examined by real-time PCR. Compared with CXCR6 WT mice, CXCR6 KO mice exhibited less cardiac dysfunction, reduced expression of TNFRI, Col1a1 and Col3a. In vitro, we confirmed that CXCR6 deficiency led to reduced homing and infiltration of CD11b(+) monocytes, which contributed to attenuated TNF-α release in myocardium. Furthermore, TNFRI antagonist pretreatment blocked AT1 receptor signaling and NOX4 expression, reduced collagen synthesis, and blunted the activity of MMP9 in CXCR6 WT mice after TAC, but these were not observed in CXCR6 KO mice. In the present work, we propose a mechanism that CXCR6 is essential for pressure overload-mediated myocardial recruitment of monocytes, which contributes to cardiac fibrosis through TNF-α-dependent MMP9 activation and collagen synthesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD11b Antigen/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Collagen Type III/genetics
- Collagen Type III/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Enzyme Activation
- Fibrosis
- Heart Diseases/genetics
- Heart Diseases/immunology
- Heart Diseases/metabolism
- Heart Diseases/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Myocardium/immunology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 4
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR/deficiency
- Receptors, CXCR/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR6
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University250012, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji UniversityShanghai 200090, China
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University250012, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji UniversityShanghai 200090, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Xian-Cheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli HospitalShanghai 200135, China
| | - Shao-Heng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji UniversityShanghai 200090, China
| | - De Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji UniversityShanghai 200090, China
| | - Nan-Nan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji UniversityShanghai 200090, China
| | - Jing-Quan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University250012, China
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Ishii D, Rosenblum JM, Nozaki T, Schenk AD, Setoguchi K, Su CA, Gorbacheva V, Baldwin WM, Valujskikh A, Fairchild RL. Novel CD8 T cell alloreactivities in CCR5-deficient recipients of class II MHC disparate kidney grafts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3816-24. [PMID: 25172484 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recipient CD4 T regulatory cells inhibit the acute T cell-mediated rejection of renal allografts in wild-type mice. The survival of single class II MHC-disparate H-2(bm12) renal allografts was tested in B6.CCR5(-/-) recipients, which have defects in T regulatory cell activities that constrain alloimmune responses. In contrast to wild-type C57BL/6 recipients, B6.CCR5(-/-) recipients rejected the bm12 renal allografts. However, donor-reactive CD8 T cells rather than CD4 T cells were the primary effector T cells mediating rejection. The CD8 T cells induced to bm12 allografts in CCR5-deficient recipients were reactive to peptides spanning the 3 aa difference in the I-A(bm12) versus I-A(b) β-chains presented by K(b) and D(b) class I MHC molecules. Allograft-primed CD8 T cells from CCR5-deficient allograft recipients were activated during culture either with proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated wild-type endothelial cells pulsed with the I-A(bm12) peptides or with proinflammatory cytokine-simulated bm12 endothelial cells, indicating their presentation of the I-A(bm12) β-chain peptide/class I MHC complexes. In addition to induction by bm12 renal allografts, the I-A(bm12) β-chain-reactive CD8 T cells were induced in CCR5-deficient, but not wild-type C57BL/6, mice by immunization with the peptides. These results reveal novel alloreactive CD8 T cell specificities in CCR5-deficient recipients of single class II MHC renal allografts that mediate rejection of the allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
| | - Joshua M Rosenblum
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Taiji Nozaki
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Austin D Schenk
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Kiyoshi Setoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Charles A Su
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | | | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Glickman Urological Institute and the Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Glickman Urological Institute and the Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Glickman Urological Institute and the Transplant Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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44
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Cooper LT, Fairweather D. Nano-scale treatment for a macro-scale disease: nanoparticle-delivered siRNA silences CCR2 and treats myocarditis. Eur Heart J 2014; 36:1434-6. [PMID: 25157113 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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45
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Abe T, Su CA, Iida S, Baldwin WM, Nonomura N, Takahara S, Fairchild RL. Graft-derived CCL2 increases graft injury during antibody-mediated rejection of cardiac allografts. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1753-64. [PMID: 25040187 PMCID: PMC4464804 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic role of macrophages in antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains unclear. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a potent chemotactic factor for monocytes and macrophages. The current studies used a murine model of AMR to investigate the role of graft-derived CCL2 in AMR and how macrophages may participate in antibody-mediated allograft injury. B6.CCR5−/−/CD8−/− recipients rejected MHC-mismatched WT A/J allografts with high donor-reactive antibody titers and diffuse C4d deposition in the large vessels and myocardial capillaries, features consistent with AMR. In contrast, A/J.CCL2−/− allografts induced low donor-reactive antibody titers and C4d deposition at Day 7 posttransplant. Decreased donor-reactive CD4 T cells producing interferon gamma were induced in response to A/J.CCL2−/− versus WT allografts. Consequently, A/J.CCL2−/− allograft survival was modestly but significantly longer than A/J allografts. Macrophages purified from WT allografts expressed high levels of IL-1β and IL-12p40 and this expression and the numbers of classically activated macrophages were markedly reduced in CCL2-deficient allografts on Day 7. The results indicate that allograft-derived CCL2 plays an important role in directing classically activated macrophages into allografts during AMR and that macrophages are important contributors to the inflammatory environment mediating graft tissue injury in this pathology, suggesting CCL2 as a therapeutic target for AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyofumi Abe
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Charles A. Su
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Shoichi Iida
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Hofmann U, Knorr S, Vogel B, Weirather J, Frey A, Ertl G, Frantz S. Interleukin-13 deficiency aggravates healing and remodeling in male mice after experimental myocardial infarction. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:822-30. [PMID: 24970469 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of innate immunity, especially infiltration of monocytes, is critical for proper wound healing and scar formation after myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that interleukin-13 (IL-13), which influences the differentiation of monocytes/macrophages and has profibrotic properties, modulates wound healing and remodeling after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery in both male and female wild-type (WT)/IL-13(-/-) mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that expression of IL-13 was induced in left and right ventricular myocardium of WT mice within days in response to MI. Fifty-six-day survival was significantly impaired (65% in WT versus 34% in IL-13(-/-)) in male but not female IL-13(-/-) (55% in WT versus 54% in IL-13(-/-)) mice. Serial echocardiography showed significantly increased left ventricular dilation in male IL-13(-/-) compared with WT mice starting from day 1 after MI, despite comparable infarct size. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed less leukocyte infiltration in male IL-13(-/-) mice on day 3. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated reduced expression of marker genes of alternative activation in monocytes sorted from the infarct zone of male IL-13(-/-) in comparison with WT mice on day 3 after MI. CONCLUSIONS Genetic deficiency of IL-13 worsens outcome after MI in male mice. Our data indicate that IL-13 regulates leukocyte recruitment and induces M2-like monocyte/macrophage differentiation, which modifies wound healing within the infarct zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hofmann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Knorr
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Vogel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Weirather
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Frey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Ertl
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany
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47
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Leuschner F, Courties G, Dutta P, Mortensen LJ, Gorbatov R, Sena B, Novobrantseva TI, Borodovsky A, Fitzgerald K, Koteliansky V, Iwamoto Y, Bohlender M, Meyer S, Lasitschka F, Meder B, Katus HA, Lin C, Libby P, Swirski FK, Anderson DG, Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M. Silencing of CCR2 in myocarditis. Eur Heart J 2014; 36:1478-88. [PMID: 24950695 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration of the heart and subsequent deterioration of cardiac function. Monocytes are the most prominent population of accumulating leucocytes. We investigated whether in vivo administration of nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNA targeting chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2)-a chemokine receptor crucial for leucocyte migration in humans and mice--reduces inflammation in autoimmune myocarditis. METHODS AND RESULTS In myocardium of patients with myocarditis, CCL2 mRNA levels and CCR2(+) cells increased (P < 0.05), motivating us to pursue CCR2 silencing. Flow cytometric analysis showed that siRNA silencing of CCR2 (siCCR2) reduced the number of Ly6C(high) monocytes in hearts of mice with acute autoimmune myocarditis by 69% (P < 0.05), corroborated by histological assessment. The nanoparticle-delivered siRNA was not only active in monocytes but also in bone marrow haematopoietic progenitor cells. Treatment with siCCR2 reduced the migration of bone marrow granulocyte macrophage progenitors into the blood. Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after injection of macrophage-avid magnetic nanoparticles detected myocarditis and therapeutic effects of RNAi non-invasively. Mice with acute myocarditis showed enhanced macrophage MRI contrast, which was prevented by siCCR2 (P < 0.05). Follow-up MRI volumetry revealed that siCCR2 treatment improved ejection fraction (P < 0.05 vs. control siRNA-treated mice). CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of CCR2 in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. In addition, we show that siCCR2 affects leucocyte progenitor trafficking. The data also point to a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Leuschner
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Courties
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Luke J Mortensen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rostic Gorbatov
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brena Sena
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Anna Borodovsky
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 3rd Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Fitzgerald
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 3rd Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Victor Koteliansky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marina Bohlender
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soeren Meyer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Weirather J, Hofmann UDW, Beyersdorf N, Ramos GC, Vogel B, Frey A, Ertl G, Kerkau T, Frantz S. Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells improve healing after myocardial infarction by modulating monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Circ Res 2014; 115:55-67. [PMID: 24786398 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.303895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE An exaggerated or persistent inflammatory activation after myocardial infarction (MI) leads to maladaptive healing and subsequent remodeling of the left ventricle. Foxp3(+) CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) contribute to inflammation resolution. Therefore, Treg cells might influence cardiac healing post-MI. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study the functional role of Treg cells in wound healing post-MI in a mouse model of permanent left coronary artery ligation. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a model of genetic Treg-cell ablation (Foxp3(DTR) mice), we depleted the Treg-cell compartment before MI induction, resulting in aggravated cardiac inflammation and deteriorated clinical outcome. Mechanistically, Treg-cell depletion was associated with M1-like macrophage polarization, characterized by decreased expression of inflammation-resolving and healing-promoting factors. The phenotype of exacerbated cardiac inflammation and outcome in Treg-cell-ablated mice could be confirmed in a mouse model of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody-mediated depletion. In contrast, therapeutic Treg-cell activation by superagonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody administration 2 days after MI led to improved healing and survival. Compared with control animals, CD28-SA-treated mice showed increased collagen de novo expression within the scar, correlating with decreased rates of left ventricular ruptures. Therapeutic Treg-cell activation induced an M2-like macrophage differentiation within the healing myocardium, associated with myofibroblast activation and increased expression of monocyte/macrophage-derived proteins fostering wound healing. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Treg cells beneficially influence wound healing after MI by modulating monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Moreover, therapeutic activation of Treg cells constitutes a novel approach to improve healing post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Weirather
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V, A.F., G.E., S.F.); and Department of Immunobiology (N.B., T.K.), and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V., A.F., G.E., S.F.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich D W Hofmann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V, A.F., G.E., S.F.); and Department of Immunobiology (N.B., T.K.), and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V., A.F., G.E., S.F.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V, A.F., G.E., S.F.); and Department of Immunobiology (N.B., T.K.), and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V., A.F., G.E., S.F.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo C Ramos
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V, A.F., G.E., S.F.); and Department of Immunobiology (N.B., T.K.), and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V., A.F., G.E., S.F.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Vogel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V, A.F., G.E., S.F.); and Department of Immunobiology (N.B., T.K.), and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V., A.F., G.E., S.F.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Frey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V, A.F., G.E., S.F.); and Department of Immunobiology (N.B., T.K.), and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V., A.F., G.E., S.F.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Ertl
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V, A.F., G.E., S.F.); and Department of Immunobiology (N.B., T.K.), and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V., A.F., G.E., S.F.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V, A.F., G.E., S.F.); and Department of Immunobiology (N.B., T.K.), and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V., A.F., G.E., S.F.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V, A.F., G.E., S.F.); and Department of Immunobiology (N.B., T.K.), and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (J.W., U.H., G.C.R., B.V., A.F., G.E., S.F.), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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49
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Su CA, Iida S, Abe T, Fairchild RL. Endogenous memory CD8 T cells directly mediate cardiac allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:568-79. [PMID: 24502272 PMCID: PMC3947453 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Differences in levels of environmentally induced memory T cells that cross-react with donor MHC molecules are postulated to account for the efficacy of allograft tolerance-inducing strategies in rodents versus their failure in nonhuman primates and human transplant patients. Strategies to study the impact of donor-reactive memory T cells on allografts in rodents have relied on the pretransplant induction of memory T cells cross-reactive with donor allogeneic MHC molecules through recipient viral infection, priming directly with donor antigen or adoptive transfer of donor antigen primed memory T cells. Each approach accelerates allograft rejection and confers resistance to tolerance induction, but also biases the T cell repertoire to strong donor reactivity. The ability of endogenous memory T cells within unprimed mice to directly reject an allograft is unknown. Here, we show a direct association between increased duration of cold ischemic allograft storage and numbers and enhanced functions of early graft infiltrating endogenous CD8 memory T cells. These T cells directly mediate rejection of allografts subjected to prolonged ischemia and this rejection is resistant to costimulatory blockade. These findings recapitulate the clinically significant impact of endogenous memory T cells with donor reactivity in a mouse transplant model in the absence of prior recipient priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Su
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - S. Iida
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - T. Abe
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - R. L. Fairchild
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
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50
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Setoguchi K, Hattori Y, Iida S, Baldwin WM, Fairchild RL. Endogenous memory CD8 T cells are activated within cardiac allografts without mediating rejection. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2293-307. [PMID: 23914930 PMCID: PMC3776013 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous memory CD8 T cells infiltrate MHC-mismatched cardiac allografts within 12-24 h posttransplant in mice and are activated to proliferate and produce IFN-γ. To more accurately assess the graft injury directly imposed by these endogenous memory CD8 T cells, we took advantage of the ability of anti-LFA-1 mAb given to allograft recipients on days 3 and 4 posttransplant to inhibit the generation of primary effector T cells. When compared to grafts from IgG-treated recipients on day 7 posttransplant, allografts from anti-LFA-1 mAb-treated recipients had increased numbers of CD8 T cells but these grafts had marked decreases in expression levels of mRNA encoding effector mediators associated with graft injury and decreases in donor-reactive CD8 T cells producing IFN-γ. Despite this decreased activity within the allograft, CD8 T cells in allografts from recipients treated with anti-LFA-1 mAb continued to proliferate up to day 7 posttransplant and did not upregulate expression of the exhaustion marker LAG-3 but did have decreased expression of ICOS. These results indicate that endogenous memory CD8 T cells infiltrate and proliferate in cardiac allografts in mice but do not express sufficient levels of functions to mediate overt graft injury and acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Setoguchi
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iida
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Urology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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