1
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Zingaropoli MA, Latronico T, Pasculli P, Masci GM, Merz R, Ciccone F, Dominelli F, Del Borgo C, Lichtner M, Iafrate F, Galardo G, Pugliese F, Panebianco V, Ricci P, Catalano C, Ciardi MR, Liuzzi GM, Mastroianni CM. Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and Pulmonary Involvement in COVID-19 Pneumonia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1040. [PMID: 37509076 PMCID: PMC10377146 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to longitudinally evaluate the association between MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and chest radiological findings in COVID-19 patients. Methods: COVID-19 patients were evaluated based on their hospital admission (baseline) and three months after hospital discharge (T post) and were stratified into ARDS and non-ARDS groups. As a control group, healthy donors (HD) were enrolled. Results: At the baseline, compared to HD (n = 53), COVID-19 patients (n = 129) showed higher plasma levels of MMP-9 (p < 0.0001) and TIMP-1 (p < 0.0001) and the higher plasma activity of MMP-2 (p < 0.0001) and MMP-9 (p < 0.0001). In the ARDS group, higher plasma levels of MMP-9 (p = 0.0339) and TIMP-1 (p = 0.0044) and the plasma activity of MMP-2 (p = 0.0258) and MMP-9 (p = 0.0021) compared to non-ARDS was observed. A positive correlation between the plasma levels of TIMP-1 and chest computed tomography (CT) score (ρ = 0.2302, p = 0.0160) was observed. At the T post, a reduction in plasma levels of TIMP-1 (p < 0.0001), whereas an increase in the plasma levels of MMP-9 was observed (p = 0.0088). Conclusions: The positive correlation between TIMP-1 with chest CT scores highlights its potential use as a marker of fibrotic burden. At T post, the increase in plasma levels of MMP-9 and the reduction in plasma levels of TIMP-1 suggested that inflammation and fibrosis resolution were still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonella Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasculli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Maria Masci
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Merz
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ciccone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Dominelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosmo Del Borgo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza, University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Miriam Lichtner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza, University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Iafrate
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Galardo
- Medical Emergency Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of Specialist Surgery and Organ Transplantation "Paride Stefanini", Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Panebianco
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ricci
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Emergency Radiology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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2
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Matsuyama T, Kubli SP, Yoshinaga SK, Pfeffer K, Mak TW. An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020. [PMID: 33037393 DOI: 10.1038/s41418‐020‐00633‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shawn P Kubli
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong.
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3
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An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3209-3225. [PMID: 33037393 PMCID: PMC7545020 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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4
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Sehsah R, Wu W, Ichihara S, Hashimoto N, Hasegawa Y, Zong C, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Elsayed AA, El-Bestar S, Kamel E, Ichihara G. Role of Nrf2 in inflammatory response in lung of mice exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:47. [PMID: 31842927 PMCID: PMC6915997 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely used in many industrial sectors and previous studies have reported that exposure of the lungs to ZnO-NPs induces both acute and/or chronic pulmonary inflammation, but the exact mechanism underlying such response remains elusive. This study investigated the role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in pulmonary inflammation induced by exposure to ZnO-NPs using Nrf2 null (Nrf2−/−) mice. Methods Twenty-four male Nrf2−/− mice and thirty male wild type C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups of eight and ten each respectively, and exposed once to ZnO-NPs at 0, 10, 30 μg/mouse by pharyngeal aspiration. At 14 days after the exposure to ZnO-NPs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected to quantify protein level and the number of inflammatory cells. The mRNA levels of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue were measured. Results Exposure to ZnO-NPs dose-dependently increased the number of total cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils in BALF both in Nrf2−/− mice and wild type mice, but the magnitude of increase was significantly higher in Nrf2−/− mice than wild type mice. The number of neutrophils in BALF increased in Nrf2−/− mice, being accompanied by marginal trend of increase in mRNA expression of MIP-2, neutrophil chemoattractant, but such changes were not observed in wild type mice. Exposure to ZnO-NPs did not dose-dependently increase mRNA level of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes both in Nrf2−/− mice and wild type mice. Conclusion Pharyngeal aspiration of ZnO-NPs induced infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung of mice, but minimally induced Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes. The results suggest that Nrf2 play a role in negative regulation on ZnO-NP exposure-induced neutrophil migration, but does not demonstrate that the regulation is through suppression of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Sehsah
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wenting Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Cai Zong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ahmed Ali Elsayed
- Department of Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Soheir El-Bestar
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Emily Kamel
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
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5
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Chuang HM, Chen YS, Harn HJ. The Versatile Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase for the Diverse Results of Fibrosis Treatment. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224188. [PMID: 31752262 PMCID: PMC6891433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a type of chronic organ failure, resulting in the excessive secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM protects wound tissue from infection and additional injury, and is gradually degraded during wound healing. For some unknown reasons, myofibroblasts (the cells that secrete ECM) do not undergo apoptosis; this is associated with the continuous secretion of ECM and reduced ECM degradation even during de novo tissue formation. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered to be a potential target of fibrosis treatment because they are the main groups of ECM-degrading enzymes. However, MMPs participate not only in ECM degradation but also in the development of various biological processes that show the potential to treat diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. Therefore, treatment involving the targeting of MMPs might impede typical functions. Here, we evaluated the links between these MMP functions and possible detrimental effects of fibrosis treatment, and also considered possible approaches for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Meng Chuang
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuan Chen
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital & Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +03-8561825 (ext. 15615)
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6
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Wu L, Luo Z, Zheng J, Yao P, Yuan Z, Lv X, Zhao J, Wang M. IL-33 Can Promote the Process of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inducing the Imbalance Between MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Inflammation 2018; 41:878-885. [PMID: 29417309 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 played an important role in inflammatory diseases as evidenced by their high levels of expression in diseased tissues. Previous studies showed that IL-33/ST2L signal transduction pathway participated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 cells. Cytokine IL-1β can increase the expression of MMPs by activating NF-kB. The excessive or inappropriate expression of MMP-9 may randomly and non-selectively destroy the extracellular matrix. TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of MMP-9) effects on ebb and flow of ECM by inhibiting activation of MMP-9. Therefore, IL-33 may take part in the process of pulmonary fibrosis by regulating expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. To explore the acting mechanism of IL-33 in pulmonary fibrosis, proliferation of the human embryonic lung fibroblasts and expressions of related signal molecules was analyzed in vitro. We cultured HELF cells and stimulated HELF with rhIL-33 at different time points (24, 48, 72 h) and different concentrations respectively. The expression of the receptor ST2L was analyzed by RT-PCR and the proliferative rate of HELF was tested by MTT. The expressions of collagen IV, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and critical signal transducer TRAF-6 and NF-kappaB were tested by Western blotting. The rhIL-33 can promote proliferation of HELF and the concentration of 10 ng/ml was most significant at 72 h (P < 0.05). Hence, this experiment chose 10 ng/ml as stimulated concentration at following experiments. The expressions of collagen IV, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TRAF-6, and NF-kappaB increased and then reduced in protein levels at different time points (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h) (P < 0.05). IL-33 participates in the production of profibrotic cytokines and formation of mesenchymal substances in early inflammatory responses of pulmonary fibrosis. IL-33 can regulate deposition of ECM and promote the process of pulmonary fibrosis by inducing the imbalance between MMP-9 and TIMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Disease, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China.
| | - Zujin Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxu Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyan Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Disease, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Xiaohong Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Disease, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Disease, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Disease, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, China
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7
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Valencia AM, Abrantes MA, Hasan J, Aranda JV, Beharry KD. Reactive Oxygen Species, Biomarkers of Microvascular Maturation and Alveolarization, and Antioxidants in Oxidative Lung Injury. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2018; 6:373-388. [PMID: 30533532 DOI: 10.20455/ros.2018.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lungs of extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) are deficient in pulmonary surfactant and are incapable of efficient gas exchange necessary for successful transition from a hypoxic intrauterine environment to ambient air. To improve gas exchange and survival, ELGANs often receive supplemental oxygen with mechanical ventilation which disrupts normal lung developmental processes, including microvascular maturation and alveolarization. Factors that regulate these developmental processes include vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases, both of which are influenced by generation of oxygen byproducts, or reactive oxygen species (ROS). ELGANs are also deficient in antioxidants necessary to scavenge excessive ROS. Thus, the accumulation of ROS in the preterm lungs exposed to prolonged hyperoxia, results in inflammation and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a form of chronic lung disease (CLD). Despite advances in neonatal care, BPD/CLD remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, and the benefits of current therapeutic interventions are limited. The association between ROS and biomarkers of microvascular maturation and alveolarization, as well as antioxidant therapies in the setting of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwin M Valencia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Saddleback Memorial Hospital, Laguna Hills, CA 92653, USA
| | - Maria A Abrantes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, Anaheim, CA 92806, USA
| | - Jamal Hasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Miller's Children's and Women's Hospital, Long Beach, CA 90806, USA
| | - Jacob V Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Kay D Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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8
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Histopathological changes and mRNA expression in lungs of horses after inhalation anaesthesia with different ventilation strategies. Res Vet Sci 2016; 107:8-15. [PMID: 27473968 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate mechanical ventilation can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inhalation anaesthesia and ventilation with and without recruitment (RM) and PEEP titration on alveolar integrity in horses. Twenty-three horses were divided into 4 groups (group OLC ventilated with OLC, group IPPV ventilated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation, group NV non-ventilated, and group C non-anaesthetized control group). After sedation with xylazine and induction with diazepam and ketamine anaesthetized horses were under isoflurane anaesthesia for 5.5h. The horses were euthanized and tissue samples of the dependent and non-dependent lung areas were collected. Histopathological examinations of the lung tissue as well as relative quantification of mRNA of IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, MMP1 and MMP9 by PCR were performed. Horses of group OLC had significantly less alveolar congestion and atelectasis but greater alveolar overdistension compared to groups NV and IPPV. In groups OLC and group IPPV an increase in IL-1β/6 and MMP1/9 was detected compared to groups NV and C. In conclusion, in breathing spontaneously or IPPV-ventilated horses a higher degree of atelectasis was detected, whereas in OLC-ventilated horses a higher degree of overdistention was present. Elevated levels in IL and MMP might be early signs of VILI in ventilated horses.
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9
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Mižíková I, Morty RE. The Extracellular Matrix in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Target and Source. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:91. [PMID: 26779482 PMCID: PMC4688343 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of preterm birth that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units. BPD results from life-saving interventions, such as mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation used to manage preterm infants with acute respiratory failure, which may be complicated by pulmonary infection. The pathogenic pathways driving BPD are not well-delineated but include disturbances to the coordinated action of gene expression, cell-cell communication, physical forces, and cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which together guide normal lung development. Efforts to further delineate these pathways have been assisted by the use of animal models of BPD, which rely on infection, injurious mechanical ventilation, or oxygen supplementation, where histopathological features of BPD can be mimicked. Notable among these are perturbations to ECM structures, namely, the organization of the elastin and collagen networks in the developing lung. Dysregulated collagen deposition and disturbed elastin fiber organization are pathological hallmarks of clinical and experimental BPD. Strides have been made in understanding the disturbances to ECM production in the developing lung, but much still remains to be discovered about how ECM maturation and turnover are dysregulated in aberrantly developing lungs. This review aims to inform the reader about the state-of-the-art concerning the ECM in BPD, to highlight the gaps in our knowledge and current controversies, and to suggest directions for future work in this exciting and complex area of lung development (patho)biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mižíková
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
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10
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The role of intrinsic pathway in apoptosis activation and progression in Peyronie's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:616149. [PMID: 25197653 PMCID: PMC4147380 DOI: 10.1155/2014/616149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peyronie's disease (PD) is characterized with formation of fibrous plaques which result in penile deformity, pain, and erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in plaques from PD patients. Tunica albuginea from either PD or control patients was assessed for the expression of bax, bcl-2 and caspases 9 and 3 using immunohistochemistry and by measurement of apoptotic cells using TUNEL assay. Bax overexpression was observed in metaplastic bone tissue, in fibroblasts, and in myofibroblast of plaques from PD patients. Little or no bcl-2 immunostaining was detected in samples from either patients or controls. Caspase 3 immunostaining was very strong in fibrous tissue, in metaplasic bone osteocytes, and in primary ossification center osteoblasts. Moderate caspase 9 immunostaining was seen in fibrous cells plaques and in osteocytes and osteoblasts of primary ossification centers from PD patients. Control samples were negative for caspase 9 immunostaining. In PD patients the TUNEL immunoassay showed intense immunostaining of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the absence of apoptotic cells in metaplasic bone tissue and on the border between fibrous and metaplastic bone tissue. Apoptosis occurs in stabilized PD plaques and is partly induced by the intrinsic pathway.
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11
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Hästbacka J, Linko R, Tervahartiala T, Varpula T, Hovilehto S, Parviainen I, Vaara ST, Sorsa T, Pettilä V. Serum MMP-8 and TIMP-1 in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure: TIMP-1 is associated with increased 90-day mortality. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:790-8. [PMID: 24651234 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) likely have an important role in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury. In a recent study, high matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8) levels in tracheal aspirates of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients were associated with worse outcome. In patients with sepsis, an imbalance between MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) has been associated with impaired survival. We hypothesized that the elevated systemic MMP-8 and TIMP-1 are associated with worse outcome in acute respiratory failure. METHODS This was a substudy of the observational FINNALI study conducted in 25 Finnish intensive care units over an 8-week period. All patients older than 16 years requiring mechanical ventilation for >6 hours were included. MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels were analyzed from blood samples taken on enrollment in the study and 48 hours later. Laboratory analyses were performed by using immunofluorometric assay for MMP-8 and ELISA for TIMP-1. MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels were compared between 90-day survivors and nonsurvivors. Survival was compared in quartiles based on TIMP-1 levels, and ROC analysis was performed to calculate areas under the curves. The relationship between MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels and degree of hypoxemia was examined. RESULTS The final analyses included 563 patients. Admission TIMP-1 levels were higher in nonsurvivors, median 367 ng/mL (interquartile range 199-562), than survivors, median 240 ng/mL (interquartile range 142-412), WMWodds 1.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-2.08). MMP-8 levels may have differed between survivors and nonsurvivors, WMWodds 1.20 (95% CI, 1.01-1.43), but no difference was found in the MMP-8/TIMP-1 molar ratio, WMWodds 0.83 (95% CI, 0.67-1.04). Difference in survival between quartiles based on TIMP-1 was significant (log-rank, P < 0.001). ROC analysis produced an area under the curve 0.63 (95% CI, 0.58-0.69) for TIMP-1. TIMP-1 was associated with severity of hypoxemia. TIMP-1 levels were higher in an ARDS subgroup than in the whole cohort, WMWodds 1.65 (95% CI, 1.15-2.44). CONCLUSIONS MMP-8 levels were possibly higher in 90-day nonsurvivors but performed poorly in predicting outcome. Increased systemic levels of TIMP-1 were associated with more severe hypoxemia and worse outcome in a large cohort of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients and in a subgroup of ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hästbacka
- From the *Intensive Care Units, Helsinki University Hospital; †Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki; ‡Intensive Care Unit, South Carelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta; and §Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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12
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Huyard F, Yzydorczyk C, Castro MM, Cloutier A, Bertagnolli M, Sartelet H, Germain N, Comte B, Schulz R, DeBlois D, Nuyt AM. Remodeling of aorta extracellular matrix as a result of transient high oxygen exposure in newborn rats: implication for arterial rigidity and hypertension risk. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92287. [PMID: 24743169 PMCID: PMC3990546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal high-oxygen exposure leads to elevated blood pressure, microvascular rarefaction, vascular dysfunction and arterial (aorta) rigidity in adult rats. Whether structural changes are present in the matrix of aorta wall is unknown. Considering that elastin synthesis peaks in late fetal life in humans, and early postnatal life in rodents, we postulated that transient neonatal high-oxygen exposure can trigger premature vascular remodelling. Sprague Dawley rat pups were exposed from days 3 to 10 after birth to 80% oxygen (vs. room air control) and were studied at 4 weeks. Blood pressure and vasomotor response of the aorta to angiotensin II and to the acetylcholine analogue carbachol were not different between groups. Vascular superoxide anion production was similar between groups. There was no difference between groups in aortic cross sectional area, smooth muscle cell number or media/lumen ratio. In oxygen-exposed rats, aorta elastin/collagen content ratio was significantly decreased, the expression of elastinolytic cathepsin S was increased whereas collagenolytic cathepsin K was decreased. By immunofluorescence we observed an increase in MMP-2 and TIMP-1 staining in aortas of oxygen-exposed rats whereas TIMP-2 staining was reduced, indicating a shift in the balance towards degradation of the extra-cellular matrix and increased deposition of collagen. There was no significant difference in MMP-2 activity between groups as determined by gelatin zymography. Overall, these findings indicate that transient neonatal high oxygen exposure leads to vascular wall alterations (decreased elastin/collagen ratio and a shift in the balance towards increased deposition of collagen) which are associated with increased rigidity. Importantly, these changes are present prior to the elevation of blood pressure and vascular dysfunction in this model, and may therefore be contributory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Huyard
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Yzydorczyk
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michele M. Castro
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anik Cloutier
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariane Bertagnolli
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hervé Sartelet
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Germain
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Blandine Comte
- Unit of Human Nutrition UMR 1019, INRA, Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Richard Schulz
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Denis DeBlois
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Chang M, Bany-Mohammed F, Kenney MC, Beharry KD. Effects of a superoxide dismutase mimetic on biomarkers of lung angiogenesis and alveolarization during hyperoxia with intermittent hypoxia. Am J Transl Res 2013; 5:594-607. [PMID: 24093057 PMCID: PMC3786267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extremely premature neonates requiring oxygen therapy develop an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired alveolarization and dysmorphic pulmonary vasculature. Regulators of ROS (i.e. antioxidants), alveolarization (i.e. matrix metalloproteinases - MMPs) and microvascular maturation (i.e. vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGF) are altered in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We tested the hypothesis that early treatment with MnTBAP, a superoxide dismutase mimetic and superoxide anion and peroxynitrite scavenger, alters lung biomarkers of angiogenesis and alveolarization during hyperoxia with intermittent hypoxia (IH) in neonatal rats. Neonatal rats were exposed to 50% O2 with brief IH episodes (12% O2) from P0 to P14, or to room air (RA). On P0, P1 & P2, the pups received a daily IP injection of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg MnTBAP, or saline. At P14, the pups were either euthanized, or allowed to recover in RA until P21. RA littermates were similarly treated. Lung VEGF, sVEGFR-1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined. Low-dose MnTBAP (1 mg/kg) prevented the increase in lung VEGF induced by intermittent hypoxia noted in the control group. This dose was also effective for decreasing MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect for MnTBAP. IH decreased MMP-2 with no ameliorating effect by MnTBAP. Our data demonstrate that brief, repeated intermittent hypoxia during hyperoxia can alter biomarkers responsible for normal microvascular and alveolar development. In addition to prevention of hypoxic events, the use of antioxidants needs to be explored as a possible therapeutic intervention in neonates at risk for the development of oxidative lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of California IrvineIrvine, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Miller Children’s HospitalLong Beach, CA
| | - Fayez Bany-Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of California IrvineIrvine, CA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, University of California IrvineIrvine, CA
| | - Kay D Beharry
- Departments of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical CenterBrooklyn, NY
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Davidovich N, DiPaolo BC, Lawrence GG, Chhour P, Yehya N, Margulies SS. Cyclic stretch-induced oxidative stress increases pulmonary alveolar epithelial permeability. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:156-64. [PMID: 23526210 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0252oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes has been associated with pulmonary alveolar flooding. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cyclic stretch-induced increases in alveolar epithelial permeability may be important in designing preventive measures for acute lung injury. In this work, we assessed whether cyclic stretch leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species in type I-like alveolar epithelial cells, which increase monolayer permeability via activation of NF-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We cyclically stretched type I-like rat primary alveolar epithelial cells at magnitudes of 12, 25, and 37% change in surface area (ΔSA) for 10 to 120 minutes. High levels of reactive oxygen species and of superoxide and NO specifically were detected in cells stretched at 37% ΔSA for 10 to 120 minutes. Exogenous superoxide and NO stimulation increased epithelial permeability in unstretched cells, which was preventable by the NF-κB inhibitor MG132. The cyclic stretch-induced increase in permeability was decreased by the superoxide scavenger tiron and by MG132. Furthermore, tiron had a dramatic protective effect on in vivo lung permeability under mechanical ventilation conditions. Cyclic stretch increased the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which was significantly decreased with the ERK inhibitor U0126. Altogether, our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate the sensitivity of permeability to stretch- and ventilation-induced superoxide production, suggesting that using antioxidants may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of ventilator-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Davidovich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lee KY, Jung JY, Lee MY, Jung D, Cho ES, Son HY. Diospyros blancoi attenuates asthmatic effects in a mouse model of airway inflammation. Inflammation 2012; 35:623-32. [PMID: 21667140 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease linked to various pathophysiological events, including proteinase activity. In this study, we examined whether a Diospyros blancoi methanolic extract (DBE) exerts protective effects on allergic asthma in a murine asthma model. To investigate the specific role of DBE, we employed a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) were orally administered 20 or 40 mg/kg DBE for 3 days during OVA challenge. DBE induced significant suppression of the number of OVA-induced total inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, treatment with DBE led to significant decreases in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and eotaxin levels in BALF and OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1 levels in serum. Histological examination of lung tissue revealed marked attenuation of allergen-induced lung eosinophilic inflammation and mucus-producing goblet cells in the airway. Additionally, DBE suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and induced heme oxygenase-1 expression. The present findings collectively suggest that DBE exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in an airway inflammation mouse model, supporting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Youl Lee
- Department of Health, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
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Rassler B, Marx G, Schierle K, Zimmer HG. Catecholamines Can Induce Pulmonary Remodeling in Rats. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 30:1134-47. [DOI: 10.1159/000343304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Ibuki A, Akase T, Nagase T, Minematsu T, Nakagami G, Horii M, Sagara H, Komeda T, Kobayashi M, Shimada T, Aburada M, Yoshimura K, Sugama J, Sanada H. Skin fragility in obese diabetic mice: possible involvement of elevated oxidative stress and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Exp Dermatol 2011; 21:178-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Hawwa RL, Hokenson MA, Wang Y, Huang Z, Sharma S, Sanchez-Esteban J. Differential expression of MMP-2 and -9 and their inhibitors in fetal lung cells exposed to mechanical stretch: regulation by IL-10. Lung 2011; 189:341-9. [PMID: 21701831 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-011-9310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Abnormal remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, the contribution of lung parenchymal cells to ECM remodeling after mechanical injury is not well defined. The objective of these studies was to investigate in vitro the release of MMP-2 and -9 and their respective inhibitors TIMP-2 and -1, and to explore potential regulation by IL-10. DESIGN Mouse fetal epithelial cells and fibroblasts isolated on E18-19 of gestation were exposed to 20% cyclic stretch to simulate lung injury. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were investigated by zymography and ELISA. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 abundance were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS We found that mechanical stretch increased MMP-2 and decreased TIMP-2 in fibroblasts, indicating that excessive stretch promotes MMP-2 activation, expressed as the MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio. Incubation with IL-10 did not change MMP-2 activity. In contrast, mechanical stretch of epithelial cells decreased MMP-9 activity and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio by 60-70%. When IL-10 was added, mechanical stretch increased the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio by 50%. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that mechanical stretch differentially affects MMP-2/9 and their inhibitors in fetal lung cells. IL-10 modulates MMP-9 activity through a combination of effects on MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renda L Hawwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Li W, Chang L, Rong Z, Liu W. Retinoic acid diminished the expression of MMP-2 in hyperoxia-exposed premature rat lung fibroblasts through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:251-257. [PMID: 21505995 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of retinoic acid (RA), PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580 on the hyperoxia-induced expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in premature rat lung fibroblasts (LFs). LFs were exposed to hyperoxia or room air for 12 h in the presence of RA and the kinase inhibitors PD98059 (ERK1/2), SP600125 (JNK1/2) and SB203580 (p38) respectively. The expression levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MMP-2 activity was measured by zymography. The amount of p-ERK1/2, REK1/2, p-JNK1/2, JNK1/2, p-p38 and p38 was determined by Western blotting. The results showed that: (1) PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580 significantly inhibited p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 respectively in LFs; (2) The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in LFs exposed to hyperoxia was decreased after treatment with RA, SP600125 and SB203580 respectively (P<0.01 or 0.05), but did not change after treatment with PD98059 (P>0.05). Meanwhile, RA, PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580 had no effect on the expression of TIMP-2 mRNA in LFs exposed to room air or hyperoxia (P>0.05); (3) The expression of pro- and active MMP-2 experienced no change after treatment with RA or SP600125 in LFs exposed to room air (P>0.05), but decreased remarkably after hyperoxia (P<0.01 or 0.05). SB203580 inhibited the expression of pro- and active MMP-2 either in room air or under hyperoxia (P<0.01). PD98059 exerted no effect on the expression of pro- and active MMP-2 (P<0.05). It was suggested that RA had a protective effect on hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-regulating the expression of MMP-2 through decreasing the JNK and p38 activation in hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liwen Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhihui Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Harijith A, Choo-Wing R, Cataltepe S, Yasumatsu R, Aghai ZH, Janér J, Andersson S, Homer RJ, Bhandari V. A role for matrix metalloproteinase 9 in IFNγ-mediated injury in developing lungs: relevance to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 44:621-30. [PMID: 21216975 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0058oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We noted a marked increase in IFNγ mRNA in newborn (NB) murine lungs after exposure to hyperoxia. We sought to evaluate the role of IFNγ in lung injury in newborns. Using a unique triple-transgenic (TTG), IFNγ-overexpressing, lung-targeted, externally regulatable NB murine model, we describe a lung phenotype of impaired alveolarization, resembling human bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). IFNγ-mediated abnormal lung architecture was associated with increased cell death and the upregulation of cell death pathway mediators caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9, and angiopoietin 2. Moreover, an increase was evident in cathepsins B, H, K, L, and S, and in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 9, 12, and 14. The IFNγ-mediated abnormal lung architecture was found to be MMP9-dependent, as indicated by the rescue of the IFNγ-induced pulmonary phenotype and survival during hyperoxia with a concomitant partial deficiency of MMP9. This result was concomitant with a decrease in caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9 and angiopoietin 2, but an increase in the expression of angiopoietin 1. In addition, NB IFNγ TTG mice exhibited significantly decreased survival during hyperoxia, compared with littermate controls. Furthermore, as evidence of clinical relevance, we show increased concentrations of the downstream targets of IFNγ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands (CXCL10 and CXCL11) in baboon and human lungs with BPD. IFNγ and its downstream targets may contribute significantly to the final common pathway of hyperoxia-induced injury in the developing lung and in human BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Harijith
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
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Long-term alcohol consumption increases pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels via oxidative stress. J Med Toxicol 2010; 6:126-30. [PMID: 20405265 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-010-0081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in alcoholic liver disease. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between pro MMP-9 (pMMP-9) and oxidative stress in plasma of rat exposed to chronic alcohol consumption. Twenty four rats were divided into four groups. Rats in the control group (n = 6) were subjected to physiologic saline by intragastric (i.g.) route. Group Ethanol (n = 6) was given 1 ml of 80% ethanol (v/v) in distilled water through i.g. route. Group Vitamin E (Vit E), (n = 6) was given vitamin E (100 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) by intra peritonealy. Group Vitamin E + Ethanol (n = 6) was given vitamin E 2 h before the administration of ethanol. At the end of 4 weeks, blood samples were taken and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCs), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and pMMP-9 levels were measured. Chronic ethanol administration increased the AST, MDA, PCs, TNF-α and pMMP-9 levels when compared to those in control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Vitamin E treatment was found to decrease lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). Also TNF-α and pMMP-9 levels returned to normal by vitamin E treatment. Within all subjects, there was positive correlation between pMMP-9 levels and MDA, PCs levels (p = 0.045, r = 0.454; p = 0.004, r = 0.574, respectively). We conclude that since antioxidant supplementation decreases the alcohol-induced pMMP-9 levels, oxidative stress could be one of the mediators of the generation of MMP-9.
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Loreto C, Barbagli G, Djinovic R, Vespasiani G, Carnazza ML, Miano R, Musumeci G, Sansalone S. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptor (DR5) in Peyronie's disease. A biomolecular study of apoptosis activation. J Sex Med 2010; 8:109-15. [PMID: 20840533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peyronie's disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder of tunica albuginea (TA), a thick fibrous sheath surrounding the corpora cavernosa of the penis. Relatively, little is known about the disease itself. AIM To investigate whether the apoptosis cascade in degenerated and macroscopically deformed TA from men with PD is activated through the extrinsic pathway, by assessing the immunoexpression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptor, DR5. METHODS TA plaques from 15 men with PD and from four unaffected men were processed for TRAIL and DR5 immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of PD through a molecular approach, to gain insights that may lead to novel forms of treatment. RESULTS Activation of the apoptosis mechanisms through the extrinsic pathway was demonstrated by TRAIL and DR5 overexpression in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from affected TA. CONCLUSION The finding that apoptosis activation in TA plaques occurs, at least in part, via the extrinsic pathway may help devise novel therapeutic options for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Loreto
- Department of Anatomy, Diagnostic Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Italy.
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Lijnen PJ, van Pelt JF, Fagard RH. Stimulation of reactive oxygen species and collagen synthesis by angiotensin II in cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 30:e1-8. [PMID: 20626399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide anion generated by NAD(P)H-oxidase has an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and scavenging superoxide anion can be considered as a reasonable therapeutic strategy. In hypertensive heart diseases there is a mutual reinforcement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and angiotensin II (ANG II). ANG II increases the NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion production and the intracellular generation of ROS in cardiac fibroblasts and apocynin, a membrane NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, abrogates this rise. ANG II also stimulates the collagen production, the collagen I and III content and mRNA expression in cardiac fibroblasts and apocynin abolishes this induction. In this review we demonstrate that scavenging superoxide anion by tempol or EUK-8 or administration of PEG-superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibits collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts. On the contrary increasing superoxide anion formation by inhibition of SOD stimulates collagen production. A vital role of SOD and the generated ROS can be suggested in the regulation and organization of collagen in cardiac fibroblasts. Specific pharmacological intervention with SOD mimetics can probably be an alternative approach for reducing myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Lijnen
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Sasaki K, Tateoka N, Ando H, Yoshizaki F. Effect of flavones on rat brain and lung matrix metalloproteinase activity measured by film in-situ zymography. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:459-65. [PMID: 15831206 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have evaluated the inhibitory activity of flavone, nobiletin, and heptamethoxyflavone on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the rat. MMP in 9000-g supernatant fraction of lung homogenate was activated by p-aminophenyl mercuric acetate (APMA), and gelatinolytic activity was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by Coomassie staining. This activity should be related to MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 and was confirmed by gelatin zymography. Fluorescent-conjugated collagen used as a substrate for collagenolytic activity was investigated by SDS-PAGE also. The film in-situ zymography method was applied to rat brain and lung tissue in the same manner. Flavone and nobiletin inhibited the APMA-stimulated gelatinolytic activity and also the collagenolytic activity by more than 75%. The film in-situ zymography method indicated that these compounds might be potent inhibitors of MMP, suggesting the specific inhibition of localized MMP in brain hippocampus and/or lung terminal bronchioles, which may contribute to the prevention of some types of brain disease or cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sasaki
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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Aquino-Galvez A, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Camarena A, Falfan-Valencia R, Ruiz V, Montaño M, Barrera L, Sada-Ovalle I, Ramírez R, Granados J, Pardo A, Selman M. MICA polymorphisms and decreased expression of the MICA receptor NKG2D contribute to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility. Hum Genet 2009; 125:639-48. [PMID: 19363685 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal lung disorder of unknown etiology. IPF is likely the result of complex interrelationships between environmental and host factors, although the genetic risk factors are presently uncertain. Because we have found that some MHC polymorphisms confer susceptibility to IPF, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the role of the MHC class I chain-related gene A (MICA) in the risk of developing the disease. MICA molecular typing was done by reference strand mediated conformation analysis in a cohort of 80 IPF patients and 201 controls. In addition, the lung cellular source of the protein was examined by immunohistochemistry, the expression of the MICA receptor NKG2D in lung cells by flow cytometry and soluble MICA by ELISA. A significant increase of MICA*001 was observed in the IPF cohort (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.04-8.25; pC = 0.03). Likewise, the frequency of the MICA*001/*00201 genotype was significantly increased in patients with IPF compared with the healthy controls (OR = 4.72, 95% CI = 1.15-22.51; pC = 0.01). Strong immunoreactive MICA staining was localized in alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts from IPF lungs while control lungs were negative. Soluble MICA was detected in 35% of IPF patients compared with 12% of control subjects (P = 0.0007). The expression of NKG2D was significantly decreased in gammadelta T cells and natural killer cells obtained from IPF lungs. These findings indicate that MICA polymorphisms and abnormal expression of the MICA receptor NKG2D might contribute to IPF susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Aquino-Galvez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico DF, Mexico
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Kim JY, Choeng HC, Ahn C, Cho SH. Early and late changes of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50:68-77. [PMID: 19259351 PMCID: PMC2649867 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2009.50.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. To understand the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in pulmonary fibrosis, we evaluated the sequential dynamic change and different cellular sources of the 2 MMPs along the time course and their differential expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in the lung parenchyma of the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis models in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The level of MMPs in BAL fluid of 54 bleomycin-treated rats was assessed by zymography from 1 to 28 days after intratracheal bleomycin instillation. The level of MMPs in lung parenchyma was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS MMP-2 and MMP-9 were markedly increased in both the BAL fluid and in the lung parenchyma of the bleomycin-treated rats, especially in the early phase with the peak on the 4th day. The levels of both MMPs in the BAL fluid correlated generally well to those in lung parenchyma, although the level of MMP-9 in BAL fluid was higher than MMP-2. In the lung parenchyma, the 2 MMPs, in early stage, were predominantly expressed in the inflammatory cells. In late stage, type II pneumocytes and alveolar epithelial cells at the periphery of the fibrotic foci retained MMP expression, which was more prominent in the cells showing features of cellular injury and/or repair. CONCLUSION In bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, MMP-2 and MMP-9 may play important roles, especially in the early phase. In the late stage, the MMP-2 and MMP-9 may play a role in the process of repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pochon CHA University, College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Choeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Cho
- Department of Pathology, Pochon CHA University, College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Chetty A, Cao GJ, Severgnini M, Simon A, Warburton R, Nielsen HC. Role of matrix metalloprotease-9 in hyperoxic injury in developing lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L584-92. [PMID: 18658276 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00441.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) is increased in lung injury following hyperoxia exposure in neonatal mice, in association with impaired alveolar development. We studied the role of MMP-9 in the mechanism of hyperoxia-induced functional and histological changes in neonatal mouse lung. Reduced alveolarization with remodeling of ECM is a major morbidity component of oxidant injury in developing lung. MMP-9 mediates oxidant injury in developing lung causing altered lung remodeling. Five-day-old neonatal wild-type (WT) and MMP-9 (-/-) mice were exposed to hyperoxia for 8 days. The lungs were inflation fixed, and sections were examined for morphometry. The mean linear intercept and alveolar counts were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry for MMP-9 and elastin was performed. MMP-2, MMP-9, type I collagen, and tropoelastin were measured by Western blot analysis. Lung quasistatic compliance was studied in anaesthetized mice. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly increased in lungs of WT mice exposed to hyperoxia compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry showed an increase in MMP-9 in mesenchyme and alveolar epithelium of hyperoxic lungs. The lungs of hyperoxia-exposed WT mice had less gas exchange surface area and were less compliant compared with room air-exposed WT and hyperoxia-exposed MMP-9 (-/-) mice. Type I collagen and tropoelastin were increased in hyperoxia-exposed WT with aberrant elastin staining. These changes were ameliorated in hyperoxia-exposed MMP-9 (-/-) mice. MMP-9 plays an important role in the structural changes consequent to oxygen-induced lung injury. Blocking MMP-9 activity may lead to novel therapeutic approaches in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chetty
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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The role of proteoglycans in pulmonary edema development. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:610-8. [PMID: 18264693 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary gas exchange critically depends upon the hydration state and the thinness of the interstitial tissue layer within the alveolo-capillary membrane. In the interstitium, fluid freely moving within the fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) equilibrates with water chemically bound to hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans (PGs). The dynamic equilibrium between these two phases is set and maintained by the transendothelial fluid and solutes exchanges, by the convective outflows into the lymphatic system, and by the mechanical and hydrophilic properties of the solid elements of the ECM. The fibrous ECM components, in particular the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS-PG) and the heparan-sulfate proteoglycan (HS-PG) families, play a major role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis. In fact, they provide: (a) a perivascular and interstitial highly restrictive sieve with respect to plasma proteins, thus modulating both interstitial protein concentration and transendothelial fluid filtration; (b) a mechanical support to lymphatic vessels sustaining and modulating their draining function, and (c) a rigid three-dimensional low-compliant scaffold opposing fluid accumulation into the interstitial space. Fragmentation of PG induced by increased plasma volume, by degradation through proteolytic or inflammatory agents, by exposure to inspiratory gas mixture with modified oxygen fraction, or by increased tissue strain/stress invariably results in the progressive loosening of PG intermolecular bonds with other ECM components. The loss of the PGs regulatory functions compromises the protective role of the tissue solid matrix progressively leading to interstitial and eventually severe lung edema.
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Hosokawa T, Betsuyaku T, Odajima N, Suzuki M, Mochitate K, Nasuhara Y, Nishimura M. Role of basement membrane in EMMPRIN/CD147 induction in rat tracheal epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 368:426-32. [PMID: 18243135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a glycosylated transmembrane protein known to induce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Although the expression of EMMPRIN is physiologically limited to fetal lung epithelium, the transcriptional regulation of this protein remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that the interaction of epithelial cells with the basement membrane regulates EMMPRIN expression. The basement membrane has highly integrated architecture composed of specific extracellular matrix, such as laminins and type IV collagen, and exhibits multiple functions. We previously developed a structured basement membrane mimic, a synthesized basement membrane (sBM) substratum, in which laminin-111, a unique component of embryonic lungs, is incorporated. In the present study we quantified expression of EMMPRIN mRNA of rat tracheal epithelial cells cultured on sBM, laminin-111, type IV collagen, or laminin-332. EMMPRIN was upregulated on sBM and laminin-111, although this was not accompanied by MMP-9 induction. In contrast, type IV collagen and laminin-332 did not induce EMMPRIN. These findings suggest potential roles for basement membrane in the transcriptional regulation of tracheal epithelial EMMPRIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hosokawa
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Negrini D, Passi A. Interstitial matrix and transendothelial fluxes in normal lung. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2007; 159:301-10. [PMID: 17499562 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary gas exchange critically depends upon the hydration state and the thinness of the interstitial tissue layer within the alveolo-capillary barrier. In the interstitium, fluid freely moving within the fibrous extracellular matrix equilibrates with water chemically interacting with hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans, the non-fibrillar components of the matrix. The integrity of the macromolecular assembly of the tissue matrix is required in all processes involved in establishing and maintaining the adequate interstitial tissue fluid volume, by providing: (a) a stiff three dimensional fibrous scaffold, functioning as an efficient safety factor to oppose fluid filtration into the tissue and preventing tissue fluid accumulation; (b) a restrictive perivascular and interstitial sieve with respect to plasma proteins; (c) a mechanical support to initial lymphatics. Therefore, disturbances of the deposition and/or turnover of the matrix and/or of its three dimensional architecture and composition are invariably accompanied by profound changes of the steady state tissue fluid dynamics, eventually evolving towards severe lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Negrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Dunant 5, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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Yoon HK, Cho HY, Kleeberger SR. Protective role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in ozone-induced airway inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2007; 115:1557-63. [PMID: 18007984 PMCID: PMC2072825 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ozone causes airway inflammation, hyperreactivity, lung hyper-permeability, and epithelial cell injury. An early inflammatory response induced by inhaled O(3) is characterized primarily by release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and airway neutrophil accumulation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of oxidative lung disorders including acute lung injury, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that MMPs have an important role in the pathogenesis of O(3)-induced airway inflammation. METHODS We compared the lung injury responses in either Mmp7- (Mmp7(-/-)) or Mmp9-deficient (Mmp9(-/-)) mice and their wild-type controls (Mmp7(+/+), Mmp9(+/+)) after exposure to 0.3 ppm O(3) or filtered air. RESULTS Relative to air-exposed controls, MMP-9 activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly increased by O(3) exposure in Mmp9(+/+) mice. O(3)-induced increases in the concentration of total protein (a marker of lung permeability) and the numbers of neutrophils and epithelial cells in BALF were significantly greater in Mmp9(-/-) mice compared with Mmp9(+/+) mice. Keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 levels in BALF were also significantly higher in Mmp9(-/-) mice than in Mmp9(+/+) mice after O(3) exposure, although no differences in mRNA expression for these chemokines were found between genotypes. Mean BALF protein concentration and numbers of inflammatory cells were not significantly different between Mmp7(+/+) and Mmp7(-/-) mice after O(3) exposure. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated a protective role of MMP-9 but not of MMP-7, in O(3)-induced lung neutrophilic inflammation and hyperpermeability. The mechanism through which Mmp9 limits O(3)-induced airway injury is not known but may be via posttranscriptional effects on proinflammatory CXC chemokines including KC and MIP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Kyu Yoon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Youn Cho
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R. Kleeberger
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to S.R. Kleeberger, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Bldg. 101, MD D-201, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-3540. Fax: (919) 541-4133. E-mail:
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Fibrotic response as a distinguishing feature of resistance and susceptibility to pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice. Infect Immun 2007; 76:78-88. [PMID: 17938213 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00369-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential susceptibility of inbred mouse strains DBA/2J (susceptible) and C57BL/6J (resistant) to pulmonary tuberculosis following aerosol infection is under complex genetic control. In this report, transcriptional profiling with RNAs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lungs was used to investigate the physiological response, cell type, and biochemical pathways underlying differential susceptibility to infection. Statistical analysis of cDNA-based microarrays revealed that 1,097 transcripts showed statistically significant changes in abundance (changes of > or = 1.5-fold) in at least one of four experimental group comparisons (C57BL/6J [day 0] versus DBA/2J [day 0] mice, C57BL/6J [day 90] versus DBA/2J [day 90] mice, C57BL/6J [day 90] versus C57BL/6J [day 0] mice, or DBA/2J [day 90] versus DBA/2J [day 0] mice). A group of genes showing very high degrees of significance (changes of > or = 2.0-fold) displayed enrichment for transcripts associated with tissue remodeling and the fibrotic response. The differential expression of fibrotic response genes (Sparc, Col1a1, Col1a2, Col4a1, and Col4a2) in the infected lungs of the two mouse strains was validated by another microarray platform (Affymetrix oligonucleotide chips) and by reverse transcription-PCR. Furthermore, the differential expression of additional genes known to be associated with fibrosis (Mmp2, Timp1, and Arg1) was also validated by these approaches. Overall, these results identify the differential fibrotic response as a pathological basis for the high susceptibility of DBA/2J mice to pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Mountain DJH, Singh M, Menon B, Singh K. Interleukin-1β increases expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells: role of PKCα/β1and MAPKs. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 292:C867-75. [PMID: 16987994 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00161.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of extracellular endopeptidases, are implicated in angiogenesis because of their ability to selectively degrade components of the extracellular matrix. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), increased in the heart post-myocardial infarction (post-MI), plays a protective role in the pathophysiology of left ventricular (LV) remodeling following MI. Here we studied expression of various angiogenic genes affected by IL-1β in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and investigated the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of MMP-2. cDNA array analysis of 96 angiogenesis-related genes indicated that IL-1β modulates the expression of numerous genes, notably increasing the expression of MMP-2, not MMP-9. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed increased expression of MMP-2 in response to IL-1β. Gelatin in-gel zymography and Biotrak activity assay demonstrated that IL-1β increases MMP-2 activity in the conditioned media. IL-1β activated ERK1/2, JNKs, and protein kinase C (PKC), specifically PKCα/β1, and inhibition of these cascades partially inhibited IL-1β-stimulated increases in MMP-2. Inhibition of PKCα/β1failed to inhibit ERK1/2. However, concurrent inhibition of PKCα/β1and ERK1/2 almost completely inhibited IL-1β-mediated increases in MMP-2 expression. Inhibition of p38 kinase and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) had no effect. Pretreatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, MnTMPyP, increased MMP-2 protein levels, whereas pretreatment with SOD and catalase mimetic, EUK134, partially inhibited IL-1β-stimulated increases in MMP-2 protein levels. Exogenous H2O2significantly increased MMP-2 protein levels, whereas superoxide generation by xanthine/xanthine oxidase had no effect. This in vitro study suggests that IL-1β modulates expression and activity of MMP-2 in CMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidra J H Mountain
- Dept. of Physiology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State Univ., PO Box 70576, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Liu M, Lu LG, Chen WH, Dou AX, Fang JY, Zeng MD, Zheng RD. Effects of oxidative stress on proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cells and antioxidation of reduced glutathione. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:2596-2600. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i26.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effects of oxidative stress on the proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cells and the antioxidation of reduced glutathione.
METHODS: Rat hepatic stellate cells were incubated with different concentrations of ferric nitrilotriacetic acid (Fe-NTa). With 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphennylterazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay, the effects of Fe-NTa on the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h was detected, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also detected. At the same time, hepatic stellate cells were incubated with different concentrations of reduced glutathione (0.5, 2.5, 10 mmol/L), and MTT assay was used to SOD activity again.
RESULTS: In comparison with that in the blank control group at 12 h, the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells was significantly increased when the ferric nitrilotriacetic acid concentrations were 500 and 1000 mmol/L, respectively (A value: 0.369 ± 0.124, 0.485 ± 0.101 vs 0.285 ± 0.044, both P < 0.01); the proliferation of cells incubated with different concentrations of Fe-NTa was also markedly increased at 24 and 48 h (P < 0.01). The proliferation of hepatic stellate cells without Fe-NTa interference at 12, 24 and 48 h was also increased as compared with that at 6 h (A value: 0.285 ± 0.044, 0.253 ± 0.033, 0.278 ± 0.037 vs 0.111 ± 0.005, all P < 0.01), while with the elevation of Fe-NTa concentration, the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells at 12, 24 and 48 h was markedly increased as compared with that at 6 h (P < 0.01). In comparison with those in the control group, SOD activity significantly reduced (156.95 ± 21.17, 100.92 ± 10.02 mkat/L vs 197.74 ± 17.59 mkat/L, all P < 0.01) and MDA contents significantly increased (1123 ± 217, 1549 ± 182 mmol/L vs 580 ± 332 mmol/L, all P < 0.01) when the concentrations of Fe-NTa were 200 and 500 mmol/L. As compared with the model group (200 mmol/L Fe-NTa), the SOD activities in the cells preincubated with reduced glutathione were significantly increased (5.42 ± 0.58, 6.67 ± 0.18, 8.75 ± 0.58 mkat/L vs 2.25 ± 0.35 mkat/L, all P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress can significantly promote the proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cells in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Oxidative stress can also lead to lipid peroxidation, while reduced glutathione may play an anti-oxidative role.
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Ganguly K, Kundu P, Banerjee A, Reiter RJ, Swarnakar S. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated downregulation of matrix metalloprotease-2 in indomethacin-induced acute gastric ulceration is blocked by melatonin and other antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41:911-25. [PMID: 16934674 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastric mucosal damage is directly associated with extracellular matrix degradation in which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role. Remodeling of connective tissues and loss of tissue integrity due to the action of MMPs are reported in several inflammatory diseases, including gastric ulcer. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduction in MMP-2 transcription and translation. Our aim was to identify the mechanism for suppression of MMP-2 activity by ROS during acute ulceration and further to examine the possible actions of antioxidants, especially melatonin, during healing. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) blocked hydroxyl radical and nitrite anion generation, protein oxidation, mucosal cell disruption, and MMP-2 downregulation. In addition, suppression of MMP-2 activity by H2O2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro is blocked by melatonin, omeprazole, and curcumin. We observed that melatonin and other antioxidants (e.g., curcumin and omeprazole) offered gastroprotection in vivo by upregulation of suppressed MMP-2 expression and activity at the level of secretion and synthesis. Moreover, antioxidants reversed the suppression of MMP-2 expression by upregulation of MT1-MMP and downregulation of TIMP-2. Hence, we hypothesize that antioxidants exerted protection against H2O2-mediated inactivation and downregulation of MMP-2 expression during onset of indomethacin-induced ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
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Shalini S, Bansal MP. Alterations in selenium status influences reproductive potential of male mice by modulation of transcription factor NFkappaB. Biometals 2006; 20:49-59. [PMID: 16758115 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-006-9014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential dietary trace element, is required for the maintenance of male fertility. In order to study its role in spermatogenesis, Balb/c mice with different Se status (Se deficient, group I; adequate, group II and excess, group III) were generated by feeding yeast based Se deficient diet for group I and deficient diet supplemented with Se as sodium selenite at adequate (0.2 ppm) and excess (1 ppm) for group II and III, respectively, for a period of 4 and 8 weeks. Percentage fertility was reduced in group I and III as compared to group II. A significant decrease in Se levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were observed in group I animals, whereas increase in GSH-Px activity was seen in group III. Further, significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in both Se deficient and excess groups. This indicated that dietary manipulation of Se levels either deficiency or excess leads to increased oxidative stress. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), a well-known redox regulated transcription factor has also been suggested to play a crucial role in spermatogenesis. The expression of both p65 and p50 genes (components of NFkappaB) increased in Se deficient group I mice while the expression of the inhibitory IkappaBalpha declined significantly. This indicated activation of NFkappaB in Se deficiency. We also studied iNOS expression, which is a known target gene of NFkappaB, by RT-PCR. Significant elevation in the iNOS levels as well as NO levels was recorded. Both enhanced NO levels and NFkappaB are harmful in the progression of normal spermatogenic cycle. Therefore, present result clearly demonstrates the effect of reduced supply of Se on up-regulation and activation of NFkappaB in testis and its influence on spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Shalini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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Lijnen P, Papparella I, Petrov V, Semplicini A, Fagard R. Angiotensin II-stimulated collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts is mediated by reactive oxygen species. J Hypertens 2006; 24:757-66. [PMID: 16531806 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000217860.04994.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine whether inhibition of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] oxidase and of various superoxide generating systems could affect the collagen production, the mRNA and protein expression of collagen types I and III in control and angiotensin II-treated cardiac fibroblasts. METHODS Cardiac fibroblasts from passage 2 from normal male adult rats were cultured to confluency and incubated in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 24 h. The cells were then preincubated with(out) the tested inhibitors for 1 h and then further incubated with(out) angiotensin II (1 micromol/l) for 24 h. Collagen production was measured spectrophotometrically with picrosirius red as dye and with [3H]proline incorporation; collagen type I and III content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and collagen type I and III mRNA expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion production was assayed as superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species was assessed with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as fluorescent probe. RESULTS Angiotensin II stimulated the collagen production, the collagen I and III content and mRNA expression in cardiac fibroblasts, and apocynin, a membrane NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, abolished this induction. Rotenone, allopurinol, indomethacin, nordihydroguiaretic acid, ketoconazole and nitro-L-arginine (inhibitors of mitochondrial NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, cytochrome P450 oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase, respectively) did not affect the angiotensin II-induced collagen production. Angiotensin II increased the NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion production and the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in cardiac fibroblasts, and apocynin abrogated this rise. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts the membrane-associated NAD(P)H oxidase complex is the predominant source of superoxide anion and reactive oxygen species generation in angiotensin II-stimulated adult cardiac fibroblasts. Inhibition of this NAD(P)H oxidase complex with apocynin completely blocked the angiotensin II-stimulated collagen production, and collagen I and III protein and mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lijnen
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K. U. Leuven), Belgium.
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Kaur P, Kaur G, Bansal MP. Tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidative stress and male reproductive activity in mice: role of transcription factor NF-kappaB and testicular antioxidant enzymes. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 22:479-84. [PMID: 16704919 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Revised: 03/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed as a major factor affecting male reproductive capacity. The present study has evaluated the possible role of oxidative stress during testicular pathogenesis in male mice exposed to tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). TBHP was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Treatment greatly increased lipid peroxidation in the testis and led to a significant decrease in sperm concentration and motility and a reduction in litter size relative to controls. An increase in testicular mRNA abundance of redox-regulated p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB was observed after TBHP treatment. Evaluation of NF-kappaB regulated antioxidant enzymes in the testis revealed an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and corresponding mRNA abundance. These results suggest a potential role of NF-kappaB in oxidative stress mediated changes in the physiology of male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Rajamäki MM, Järvinen AK, Sorsa TA, Tervahartiala TI, Maisi PS. Elevated levels of fragmented laminin-5 γ2-chain in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from dogs with pulmonary eosinophilia. Vet J 2006; 171:562-5. [PMID: 16624727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation causes epithelial cell sloughing and basement membrane (BM) exposure in canine pulmonary eosinophilia (PE), leading to degradation of the epithelial cell attachment component, laminin-5 gamma2-chain, into small molecular weight fragments. The subsidence of inflammation after treatment down-regulates degradation. Laminin-5 gamma2-chain levels and molecular forms in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analysed semiquantitatively by Western immunoblotting to compare PE affected (n=20) and healthy dogs (n=16) as well as PE dogs (n=6) before and after corticosteroid treatment. PE dogs expressed significantly elevated levels of total (P<0.01), 36 kDa (P<0.05) and 53 kDa (P<0.05) laminin-5 gamma2-fragments. The 36 Da fragment decreased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment. The laminin-5 gamma2-chain degradation products may be linked to epithelial cell sloughing and BM exposure or healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna M Rajamäki
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, Hämeentie 57, Helsinki, Finland.
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40
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Fredriksson K, Liu XD, Lundahl J, Klominek J, Rennard SI, Skold CM. Red blood cells increase secretion of matrix metalloproteinases from human lung fibroblasts in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 290:L326-33. [PMID: 16403942 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00057.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue remodeling is an important process in many inflammatory and fibrotic lung disorders. RBC may in these conditions interact with extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroblasts can produce and secrete matrix components, matrix-degrading enzymes (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Imbalance in matrix synthesis/degradation may result in rearrangement of tissue architecture and lead to diseases such as emphysema or fibrosis. Neutrophil elastase (NE), a protease released by neutrophils, is known to activate MMP. We hypothesized that RBC can stimulate secretion of MMPs from human lung fibroblasts and that NE can augment this effect. Human fetal lung fibroblasts were cultured in floating collagen gels with or without RBC. After 4 days, the culture medium was analyzed with gelatin zymography, Western blot, and ELISA for MMP-1, -2, -3 and TIMP-1, -2. RBC augmented NE-induced fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction compared with NE alone (18.4+/-1.6%, 23.7+/-1.4% of initial gel area, respectively). A pan-MMP inhibitor (GM-6001) completely abolished the stimulating effect of NE. Gelatin zymography showed that RBC stimulated MMP-2 activity and that NE enhanced conversion to the active form. Addition of GM-6001 completely inhibited MMP-2 activity in controls, whereas it only partially altered RBC-induced MMP activity. Western blot confirmed the presence of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in fibroblasts stimulated with RBC, and ELISA confirmed increased concentrations of pro-MMP-1. We conclude that stimulation of MMP secretion by fibroblasts may explain the ability of RBC to augment fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. This might be a potential mechanism by which hemorrhage in inflammatory conditions leads to ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fredriksson
- Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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41
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Dik WA, van Kaam AHLC, Dekker T, Naber BAE, Janssen DJ, Kroon AA, Zimmermann LJI, Versnel MA, Lutter R. Early Increased Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Neonates Recovering from Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Neonatology 2006; 89:6-14. [PMID: 16155381 DOI: 10.1159/000088193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2005] [Accepted: 04/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an eminent role in airway injury and remodelling. We explored the hypothesis that pulmonary MMP levels would differ early after birth (2-4 days) between infants with resolving respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and infants developing chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD). METHODS Thirty-two prematurely born infants (gestational age < or =30 weeks) diagnosed with RDS were included. In 13 infants RDS resolved while 19 developed CLD. MMP-2 and MMP-9 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids collected on postnatal days 2, 4, 7 and 10 were analyzed by zymography and densitometry. Immunochemistry was performed on BAL cells and lung tissue to identify cellular sources of MMP-9 in RDS and CLD. RESULTS Median MMP-9 levels increased significantly on day 2 in BAL fluid from patients with resolving RDS (median values MMP-9 = 42.0 arbitrary units (AU)) compared to CLD patients (MMP-9 = 5.4 AU). MMP-9 and neutrophil lipocalin-associated MMP-9 (NGAL) were significantly higher on day 4 in BAL fluid from resolving RDS (MMP-9 = 65.8 AU; NGAL = 16.1 AU) compared to CLD (MMP-9 = 25.4 AU; NGAL = 2.0 AU), Levels of MMP-9 and NGAL increased subsequently on days 7 and 10 in CLD. No differences in MMP-2 levels were detected between RDS and CLD. Neutrophils, macrophages and alveolar type-II epithelial cells were identified as potential sources of MMP-9. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate differences in early MMP-9 BAL fluid levels between resolving RDS and developing CLD, which may relate to the ability to raise an early and adequate response to the initial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem A Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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42
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Tang LF, Du LZ, Chen ZM, Zou CC. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its inhibitor in bronchoalveolar lavage cells of asthmatic children. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2006; 25:1-7. [PMID: 16754484 DOI: 10.1080/15227950600701396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and their cellular sources in childhood asthma. We used 12 controls and 16 asthmatic children. The levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of asthmatic children were measured immunocytochemically. The positive level index, defined as the percentage of positive-stained cells x average optical density, was used to assess the expressing levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. The percentages of eosinophils and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic children were increased. Levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in BAL cell of asthmatic children were increased significantly at about 30- and 35-fold relative to the controls, respectively. These results suggest that both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 contribute to tissue remodeling. MMP-9, which mediates the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), is increased significantly in the early or acute stage and may play a role in ECM degeneration. Excessive TIMP-1 may be synthesized following MMP-9 production when the body tries to repair the damage, which results in excessive deposition of ECM component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Fang Tang
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Tang F, Yue S, Luo Z, Feng D, Wang M, Qian C, Zhen X, Duan Y. Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005; 40:437-44. [PMID: 16163726 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is present in the lungs, and NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 attenuates oxidant lung injury. We hypothesized that Glu excitotoxicity may participate in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. To determine possible pulmonary protective effects, we administered 0.05 ml/kg MK-801 or saline intraperitoneally daily to neonatal rats exposed to more than 95% oxygen in air. After 7 days, MK-801 decreased the hyperoxia-associated elevation of wet-to-dry lung weight, total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, total protein and lactate dehydroase in BAL fluid, total myeloperoxidase activity, and lung pathological injury. MK-801 inhibited hyperoxia-associated increments in reactive oxygen species production and NF-kappaB production. Hence, NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 ameliorates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats, and is associated with decreased reactive oxygen species and NF-kappaB. We conclude that Glu may play an important role in hyperoxia-induced lung injury by activation of NMDA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- FeiGe Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ganguly K, Maity P, Reiter RJ, Swarnakar S. Effect of melatonin on secreted and induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 activity during prevention of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. J Pineal Res 2005; 39:307-15. [PMID: 16150113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) maintain the crucial role in physiological turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in gastric tissues. However, a little is known about the relationship of MMPs with ECM degradation during gastric ulceration and ECM remodeling during healing. Our objective was to investigate the effect of melatonin (N-acetyl-5 methoxytryptamine) on the regulation of MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity during prevention of gastric ulcer. In the present study, biochemical and zymographic methods were used to analyze the mechanism of melatonin in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in a rat model. Our studies reveal that melatonin dose-dependently downregulates the expression and secretion of pro-MMP-9 which is induced (approximately 10-fold) during indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. Furthermore, melatonin prevents gastric ulceration in a dose-dependent manner through upregulation (approximately two- to threefold) of both pro-MMP-2 and active MMP-2 at the level of induction as well as secretion. It also prevents gastric ulcers by blocking glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation in cytosolic and microsomal fractions. The novel findings of this study are attributed to the attenuation of the pro-MMP-9 and increase of MMP-2 activity by pretreatment with melatonin. The finding defines one of the MMP-mediated pathways for melatonin's action in gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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45
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El Kebir D, Hubert B, Taha R, Troncy E, Wang T, Gauvin D, Gangal M, Blaise G. Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide on Inflammation and Apoptosis After Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Chest 2005; 128:2910-7. [PMID: 16236968 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.4.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a procedure often used during cardiac surgery, is associated with an inflammatory process that leads to lung injury. We hypothesized that inhaled nitric oxide (INO), which has anti-inflammatory properties, possesses the ability to modulate lung cell apoptosis and prevent CPB-induced inflammation. METHODS Twenty male pigs were randomly classified into four groups: sham, sham plus INO, CPB, and CPB plus INO. INO (20 ppm) was administered for 24 h after anesthesia. CPB was performed 90 min into INO treatment. BAL fluid and blood were collected at time 0 (before CPB), at 4 h after beginning CPB, and 24 h after beginning CPB (T24). RESULTS At T(24), BAL interleukin (IL)-8 levels and neutrophil percentages were elevated significantly in the CPB group. At T(24), INO reduced IL-8 concentrations and attenuated the increase of neutrophil percentage in the CPB-plus-INO group. Nitrite-plus-nitrate (NOx) concentrations were decreased significantly in groups without INO. Moreover, animals treated with INO showed higher rates of pulmonary apoptosis compared to their respective control groups except for the sham-plus-INO group, in which they were diminished. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that NOx production is reduced after CPB, and that INO acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by decreasing neutrophil numbers and their major chemoattractant, IL-8. INO also increases cell apoptosis in the lungs during inflammatory conditions, which may explain, in part, how it resolves pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss El Kebir
- Laboratory of Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Research Center, Center Hospitalier de Universitie de Montreal, Hopital Notre-Dame, Deschamps Pavilion, Room FS-1136, 1560 Sherbrooke St East, Montreal, QC, Canada, H2L 4M1
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Nader ND, Davidson BA, Tait AR, Holm BA, Knight PR. Serine Antiproteinase Administration Preserves Innate Superoxide Dismutase Levels After Acid Aspiration and Hyperoxia but Does Not Decrease Lung Injury. Anesth Analg 2005; 101:213-9, table of contents. [PMID: 15976234 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000152188.65226.fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury after acid aspiration and increased ambient oxygen result in significant oxidative damage to the lungs. Lung antioxidant levels are also reduced. Because levels of serine proteinases in the airspaces are also dramatically increased, we hypothesized that these enzymes play a role in degrading lung antioxidants. Rats were treated with a serine proteinase inhibitor, aprotinin, before pulmonary aspiration of acid in the presence of increased ambient oxygen (hyperoxia). Lung Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (by colorimetric assay) and Cu/Zn SOD immune reactive protein (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were assayed. The effects of antiproteinase treatment on acute lung injury were also assessed. Total SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, and Cu/Zn SOD antigenic protein levels were decreased in animals after acid aspiration and hyperoxia. However, Mn SOD activity was unchanged. The decrease in Cu/Zn SOD was attenuated in animals, where serine proteinase activity was inhibited. However, antiproteinase treatment did not decrease acute pulmonary injury, as assessed by leakage of radiolabeled albumin into the lung (permeability index), arterial blood gases, and markers of acute inflammation (pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity, a surrogate neutrophilic marker, and inflammatory cytokine profiles). We conclude that production of serine proteinases play a major role in degrading Cu/Zn SOD, thereby decreasing pulmonary antioxidant capacity. However, the role this plays in the pathogenesis of the acute lung injury is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader D Nader
- Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA.
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47
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Tatekawa Y, Kemmotsu H, Joe K, Mouri T, Arai J, Miyamoto Y, Ohkawa H. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in congenital diaphragmatic hernia during mechanical ventilation. Surg Today 2005; 35:524-9. [PMID: 15976947 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-004-2969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is detected in lung tissues subjected to ventilator-induced injury and is involved in the process of lung injury. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 in the bilateral lungs of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) during mechanical ventilation and evaluated the degree of damage based on MMP-9 expression. METHODS Lung tissue samples were obtained during autopsy from six newborns with CDH. Control lung tissue samples were obtained from two of these newborns; one who died of persistent pulmonary hypertension after being ventilated for 2 days, but whose bilateral lungs were not subjected to the compressions of herniation, and one who died of bilateral diaphragmatic hernias soon after birth, but was not subjected to artificial ventilation. The other four newborns with CDH had unilateral Bochdalek hernias. Immunohistochemical detection of MMP-9 expression was done using a wet autoclave antigen retrieval method on sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung tissue. RESULTS The reaction and distribution of MMP-9 was strongly positive in the alveolar macrophages in thickened alveolar septi and ducts, and in the inflammatory cells around the parenchymal hemorrhage and intra-alveolar spaces. Only the four patients with unilateral Bochdalek hernia had widely positive MMP-9 immunoreactivity in the unaffected side, as well as the affected side. CONCLUSIONS Based on MMP-9 expression, the lungs of newborns with CDH were damaged bilaterally during mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Tatekawa
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, 3-3-1 Futabadai, Mito 311-4145, Japan
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48
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Galli A, Svegliati-Baroni G, Ceni E, Milani S, Ridolfi F, Salzano R, Tarocchi M, Grappone C, Pellegrini G, Benedetti A, Surrenti C, Casini A. Oxidative stress stimulates proliferation and invasiveness of hepatic stellate cells via a MMP2-mediated mechanism. Hepatology 2005; 41:1074-84. [PMID: 15841469 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the development of hepatic fibrosis; they induce hepatic stellate cells (HSC) proliferation and collagen synthesis. To address the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in promoting HSC proliferation during hepatic injury, we investigated whether oxidative stress modulates the growth and invasiveness of HSC by influencing MMP-2 activation. Cell invasiveness and proliferation, which were studied using Boyden chambers and by counting cells under a microscope, were evaluated after treatment with a superoxide-producing system, xanthine plus xanthine oxidase (X/XO), in the presence or absence of antioxidants and MMP inhibitors. Expression and activation of MMP-2 were evaluated via gel zymography, immunoassay, and ribonuclease protection assay. The addition of X/XO induced proliferation and invasiveness of human HSC in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of antioxidants as well as MMP-2-specific inhibitors impaired these phenomena. X/XO treatment increased MMP-2 expression and secretion appreciably and significantly induced members of its activation complex, specifically membrane-type 1 MMP and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 2. To study the intracellular signaling pathways involved in X/XO-induced MMP-2 expression, we evaluated the effects of different kinase inhibitors. The inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) abrogated X/XO-elicited MMP-2 upregulation and completely prevented X/XO-induced growth and invasiveness of HSC. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MMP-2 is required for the mitogenic and proinvasive effects of ROS on HSC and demonstrate that ERK1/2 and PI3K are the main signals involved in ROS-mediated MMP-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Martin EL, McCaig LA, Moyer BZ, Pape MC, Leco KJ, Lewis JF, Veldhuizen RAW. Differential response of TIMP-3 null mice to the lung insults of sepsis, mechanical ventilation, and hyperoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 289:L244-51. [PMID: 15805139 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00070.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) leads to excessive or insufficient tissue breakdown, which is associated with many disease processes. The TIMP-3 null mouse is a model of MMP/TIMP imbalance, which develops air space enlargement and decreased lung function. These mice responded differently to cecal ligation and perforation (CLP)-induced septic lung injury than wild-type controls. The current study addresses whether the TIMP-3 knockout lung is susceptible to different types of insults or only those involving sepsis, by examining its response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis, mechanical ventilation (MV), and hyperoxia. TIMP-3 null noninjured controls of each insult consistently demonstrated significantly higher compliance vs. wild-type mice. Null mice treated with LPS had a further significantly increased compliance compared with untreated controls. Conversely, MV and hyperoxia did not alter compliance in the null lung. MMP abundance and activity increased in response to LPS but were generally unaltered following MV or hyperoxia, correlating with compliance alterations. All three insults produced inflammatory cytokines; however, the response of the null vs. wild-type lung was dependent on the type of insult. Overall, this study demonstrated that 1) LPS-induced sepsis produced a similar response in null mice to CLP-induced sepsis, 2) the null lung responded differently to various insults, and 3) the null susceptibility to compliance changes correlated with increased MMPs. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the role of TIMP-3 in response to various lung insults, specifically its importance in regulating MMPs to maintain compliance during a sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Martin
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology Lawson Health Research Inst. H417, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, Canada, N6A 4V2.
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Tang LF, Du LZ, Zou CC, Gu WZ. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its inhibitor in guinea pig asthma model following ovalbumin challenge. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2005; 24:81-7. [PMID: 16243752 DOI: 10.1080/15227950591008277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and their cellular sources in guinea pig asthma model following ovalbumin (OA) challenge. Twenty guinea pigs were divided into 2 groups: OA-challenged group were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection with OA and exposed to OA while the control group used saline in a similar manner. The positive level index (PLI), defined as the percentage of positive-stained cells x average optical density, was used to assess the expressing levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. The levels of MMP-9 from OA-challenged group were significantly higher than those of controls. However, no significant difference of the TIMP-1 levels between the OA-challenged group and controls were found. MMP-9 was expressed strongly in both inflammatory and structural cells while TIMP-1 was expressed weakly in inflammatory cells and structural cells. Our results implied that MMP-9 may contribute to tissue remodeling in asthma and both structural and inflammatory cells within lung tissue are the main cellular sources of MMP-9. Excessive expression of MMP-9 in the early or acute stage of asthma may be associated with the initiation of bronchial injury and inflammatory cells accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Fang Tang
- The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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