1
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Sugita T, Kobayashi K, Yamazaki T, Isaka M, Itabashi H, Mori M. Development of evaluation method for photocatalytic ability by ion chromatography combined with a flow-type reactor: Application to immobilized photocatalyst materials prepared by double-layer coating method. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Lukács D, Horváth K, Hajós P. Development of retention mechanism for the separation of carboxylic acids and inorganic anions in cryptand-based ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Shojaeimehr T, Rahimpour F. Retention time modeling of short-chain aliphatic acids in aqueous ion-exclusion chromatography systems under several conditions using computational intelligence methods (artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1518846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Shojaeimehr
- Biotechnology Research Lab., Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farshad Rahimpour
- Biotechnology Research Lab., Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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4
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Li D, Zhou L, Wang Q, He Y. Determination of organic acids for quality evaluation in Coptis herbs by ion chromatography. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:285. [PMID: 29881663 PMCID: PMC5986664 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coptis herbs are important herbal medicinal materials. The bioactive composition, the quality and medicinal efficacy of these herbs, are determined significantly by their geo-authentic features. Among the effective components of these herbs are seven organic acids (quinic, acetic, formic, tartaric, malic, succinic, and oxalic acids). However, no quantitative data of these seven acids in these herbs are available. Therefore, we developed a method for simultaneous separation and determination of the seven organic acids in Coptis herbs using gradient ion chromatography (mobile phase and gradient were shown in Table 1). The seven acids were separated and determined in no more than 35 min. We found that the organic acid levels in C. teeta was obviously higher than in C. chinensis and C. deltoidea, in particular, the content of quinic acid in C. teeta was about eight times than that in C. chinensis and C. deltoidea. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationships between the contents of organic acids and clinical effects, and found that organic acids (content of total acids or content of quinic acid) could act as an reference ingredient for quality evaluation in Coptis herbs. Our studies would lay the foundation for effective quality evaluation of these herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Lili Zhou
- National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, 610021 China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yang He
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
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Galvão ES, Santos JM, Lima AT, Reis NC, Orlando MTD, Stuetz RM. Trends in analytical techniques applied to particulate matter characterization: A critical review of fundaments and applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:546-568. [PMID: 29455125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the association of airborne particulate matter (PM) size and chemical composition with health problems affecting the cardiorespiratory and central nervous systems. PM also act as cloud condensation nuclei (CNN) or ice nuclei (IN), taking part in the clouds formation process, and therefore can impact the climate. There are several works using different analytical techniques in PM chemical and physical characterization to supply information to source apportionment models that help environmental agencies to assess damages accountability. Despite the numerous analytical techniques described in the literature available for PM characterization, laboratories are normally limited to the in-house available techniques, which raises the question if a given technique is suitable for the purpose of a specific experimental work. The aim of this work consists of summarizing the main available technologies for PM characterization, serving as a guide for readers to find the most appropriate technique(s) for their investigation. Elemental analysis techniques like atomic spectrometry based and X-ray based techniques, organic and carbonaceous techniques and surface analysis techniques are discussed, illustrating their main features as well as their advantages and drawbacks. We also discuss the trends in analytical techniques used over the last two decades. The choice among all techniques is a function of a number of parameters such as: the relevant particles physical properties, sampling and measuring time, access to available facilities and the costs associated to equipment acquisition, among other considerations. An analytical guide map is presented as a guideline for choosing the most appropriated technique for a given analytical information required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elson Silva Galvão
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jane Meri Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Neyval Costa Reis
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Michael Stuetz
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Shojaeimehr T, Rahimpour F, Schwarze M, Repke JU, Godini HR, Wozny G. Use of RSM for the multivariate, simultaneous multiobjective optimization of the operating conditions of aliphatic carboxylic acids ion-exclusion chromatography column: Quantitative study of hydrodynamic, isotherm, and thermodynamic behavior. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1083:146-159. [PMID: 29547804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the capability of ion exclusion chromatography (IEC) of short chain aliphatic carboxylic acids using a cation exchange column (8% sulfonated cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer) in different experimental conditions. Since one of the prerequisites to the development of an efficient carboxylic acid separation process is to obtain the optimum operational conditions, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop an approach to evaluate carboxylic acids separation process in IEC columns. The effect of the operating conditions such as column temperature, sulfuric acid concentration as the mobile phase, and the flow rate was studied using Central Composite Face (CCF) design. The optimum operating conditions for the separate injection of lactic acid and acetic acid is temperature of 75 °C, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.003 N for both acids and flow rate of 0.916 (0.886) mL/min for acetic acid (lactic acid). Likewise, the optimum conditions for the simultaneous injection of acetic and lactic acid mixture are the column temperature of 68 °C, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.0003 N, and flow rate of 0.777 mL/min. In the next step, the adsorption equilibria of acetic acid and lactic acid on the stationary phase were investigated through a series of Frontal Analysis (FA), Frontal Analysis by Characteristic Points (FACP), and using Langmuir isotherm model. The results showed an excellent agreement between the model and experimental data. Finally, the results of thermodynamic studies proved that the IEC process for separation of acetic and lactic acid is a spontaneous, feasible, exothermic, and random process with a physical adsorption mechanism. The results of the current paper can be a valuable information in the stages of designing IEC columns for separation of aliphatic carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Shojaeimehr
- Biotechnology Research Lab., Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah 67149-67346, Iran
| | - Farshad Rahimpour
- Biotechnology Research Lab., Faculty of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah 67149-67346, Iran.
| | - Michael Schwarze
- Institutfür Prozess- und Verfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. D. 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Repke
- Chair of Process Dynamics and Operation, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. d. 17. Juni 135/KWT-9, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hamid Reza Godini
- Chair of Process Dynamics and Operation, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. d. 17. Juni 135/KWT-9, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter Wozny
- Chair of Process Dynamics and Operation, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. d. 17. Juni 135/KWT-9, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Schriewer A, Brink M, Gianmoena K, Cadenas C, Hayen H. Oxalic acid quantification in mouse urine and primary mouse hepatocyte cell culture samples by ion exclusion chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:239-244. [PMID: 29111333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to medical relevance and a direct correlation with some diseases, accurate quantification of oxalic acid in different complex matrices is required. Effective chromatographic separation of this strong carboxylic acid was achieved by ion exclusion chromatography (IELC). Sensitive and selective detection was carried out by means of electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, it was shown that the isobaric interference of lactic acid is chromatographically resolved. Structurally similar compounds like glyoxylic acid and glycolic acid were baseline separated as well. The application of stable isotope dilution analysis with 13C2 oxalic acid facilitated precise quantification. The developed method was validated with a reference oxalate sample of human urine diluted to a range of 10-500μM. Finally, the applicability of this method was demonstrated on complex matrices, like mouse urine and supernatants of primary mouse hepatocyte cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schriewer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Brink
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gianmoena
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the University of Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the University of Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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8
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Selection of a stationary phase for the chromatographic separation of organic acids obtained from bioglycerol oxidation. ADSORPTION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-017-9882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Primec M, Mičetić-Turk D, Langerholc T. Analysis of short-chain fatty acids in human feces: A scoping review. Anal Biochem 2017; 526:9-21. [PMID: 28300535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in humans, therefore the importance of a good and reliable SCFAs analytical detection has raised a lot in the past few years. The aim of this scoping review is to show the trends in the development of different methods of SCFAs analysis in feces, based on the literature published in the last eleven years in all major indexing databases. The search criteria included analytical quantification techniques of SCFAs in different human clinical and in vivo studies. SCFAs analysis is still predominantly performed using gas chromatography (GC), followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Performances, drawbacks and advantages of these methods are discussed, especially in the light of choosing a proper pretreatment, as feces is a complex biological material. Further optimization to develop a simple, cost effective and robust method for routine use is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Primec
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia.
| | - Dušanka Mičetić-Turk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Langerholc
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
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10
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Rugova A, Puschenreiter M, Koellensperger G, Hann S. Elucidating rhizosphere processes by mass spectrometry – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 956:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Bruggink C, Trick J, Wanner C, Jensen D. Novel Determination of Organic Acids in Diesel and Motor Oil by Ion Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1196212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Trick
- Daimler AG, Werk Untertürkheim, Zentrale, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wanner
- Daimler AG, Werk Untertürkheim, Zentrale, Stuttgart, Germany
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12
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El Fels L, Lemee L, Ambles A, Hafidi M. Identification and biotransformation of aliphatic hydrocarbons during co-composting of sewage sludge-Date Palm waste using Pyrolysis-GC/MS technique. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16857-16864. [PMID: 27197656 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of aliphatic hydrocarbons during co-composting of sewage sludge activated with palm tree waste was studied for 6 months using Py-GC/MS. The main aliphatic compounds represented as doublet alkenes/alkanes can be classified into three groups. The first group consists of 11 alkenes (undecene, tridecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, nonadecene, eicosene, uncosene, docosene, tricosene) and 15 alkanes (heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, eicosane, uncosane, docosane, and tricosane), which remain stable during the co-composting process. The stability of these compounds is related to their recalcitrance behavior. The second group consists of five alkenes (heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene) and tridecane as a single alkane that decreases during co-composting. The decrease in these compounds is the combined result of their metabolism and their conversion into other compounds. The third group is constituted with tetradecene and hexadecane that increase during composting, which could be explained by accumulation of these compounds, which are released by the partial breakdown of the substrate. As a result, these molecules are incorporated or adsorbed in the structure of humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna El Fels
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32, Unité associée au CNERS), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, BP: 2390, Morocco.
| | - Laurent Lemee
- Université de Poitiers - CNRS, UMR 7285 (IC2MP), 4 rue Michel Brunet, Poitiers, 86073 Cedex 9, France
| | - André Ambles
- Université de Poitiers - CNRS, UMR 7285 (IC2MP), 4 rue Michel Brunet, Poitiers, 86073 Cedex 9, France
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32, Unité associée au CNERS), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, BP: 2390, Morocco
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Viidanoja J. Determination of short chain carboxylic acids in vegetable oils and fats using ion exclusion chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1383:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Ohira SI, Kuhara K, Shigetomi A, Yamasaki T, Kodama Y, Dasgupta PK, Toda K. On-line electrodialytic matrix isolation for chromatographic determination of organic acids in wine. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1372C:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Konecki K, Gernold M, Wensing A, Geider K. Growth inhibition of Erwinia amylovora and related Erwinia species by neutralized short-chain fatty acids. Arch Microbiol 2013; 195:759-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-013-0928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Indorf C, Bodé S, Boeckx P, Dyckmans J, Meyer A, Fischer K, Joergensen RG. Comparison of HPLC Methods for the Determination of Amino Sugars in Soil Hydrolysates. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.796558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Mansour FR, Kirkpatrick CL, Danielson ND. Ion Exclusion Chromatography of Aromatic Acids. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:655-65. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Amorisco A, Locaputo V, Pastore C, Mascolo G. Identification of low molecular weight organic acids by ion chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry during Uniblu-A ozonation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:187-99. [PMID: 23239333 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The balance of organic nitrogen and sulfur during ozonation of organic pollutants often shows a lack of complete mineralization. It follows that polar and ionic by-products are likely to be present that are difficult to identify by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). METHODS The structural elucidation of low molecular weight organic acids arising from Uniblu-OH ozonation has been investigated by ion chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (IC/ESI-MS/MS) employing a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Unequivocal elemental composition of the by-products was determined by a combination of mass accuracy and high spectral accuracy. RESULTS The employed identification strategy was demonstrated to be a powerful method of unequivocally assigning a single chemical composition to each identified compound. The exact mass measurements of [M-H](-) ions allowed the elemental formulae and related structures of eighteen by-products to be determined confidently. The main degradation pathways were found to be decarboxylation and oxidation. The experimental procedure allowed the identification of both nitrogen- and sulfur-containing organic acid by-products arising from Uniblu-OH ozonation. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results are of environmental relevance for the balance of organic nitrogen and sulfur during the ozonation of organic pollutants due to the lack of complete mineralization of the compounds containing these atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apollonia Amorisco
- Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Viale F. De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy
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Ferreira FN, Carneiro MC, Vaitsman DS, Pontes FV, Monteiro MIC, da Silva LID, Neto AA. Matrix-elimination with steam distillation for determination of short-chain fatty acids in hypersaline waters from pre-salt layer by ion-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1223:79-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Qureshi MS, Bhongale SS, Thorave AK. Determination of organic acid impurities in lactic acid obtained by fermentation of sugarcane juice. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7147-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Kitanovski Z, Grgić I, Veber M. Characterization of carboxylic acids in atmospheric aerosols using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4417-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Št’ávová J, Beránek J, Nelson EP, Diep BA, Kubátová A. Limits of detection for the determination of mono- and dicarboxylic acids using gas and liquid chromatographic methods coupled with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1429-38. [PMID: 21185238 PMCID: PMC3090519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The chromatographic separation and instrumental limits of detection (LODs) were obtained for a broad range of C(1)-C(18) monocarboxylic (MCAs) and C(2)-C(14) dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) employing either chemical derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection (GC-MS/FID) or direct analysis with liquid chromatography high resolution MS and tandem MS (LC-MS). Suitability, efficiency and stability of reaction products for several derivatization agents used for esterification (BF(3)/butanol), and trimethysilylation, including trimethylsilyl-N-N-dimethylcarbamate (TMSDMC) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) were evaluated. The lowest limits of detection for the majority of compounds below 10 pg (with the exception of acetic acid) were obtained for derivatization with BF(3)/butanol followed by GC-MS in the total ion current (TIC) mode. Further improvements were achieved when applying either selected ion monitoring (SIM), which decreased the LODs to 1-4 pg or a combination of SIM and TIC (SITI) (2-5 pg). GC-FID provided LODs comparable to those obtained by GC-MS TIC. Both trimethylsilylation (followed by GC-MS) and direct LC-MS/MS analysis yielded LODs of 5-40 pg for most of the acids. For volatile acids the LODs were higher, e.g., 25 and 590 ng for TMSDMC and BSTFA derivatized formic acid, respectively, whereas the LC-MS methods did not allow for the analysis of formic acid at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Št’ávová
- University of North Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Josef Beránek
- University of North Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Eric P. Nelson
- University of North Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Bonnie A. Diep
- University of North Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Alena Kubátová
- University of North Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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24
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Jurado-Sánchez B, Ballesteros E, Gallego M. Determination of carboxylic acids in water by gas chromatography using several detectors after flow preconcentration. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7440-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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On-line analysis of volatile fatty acids in anaerobic treatment processes. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 668:74-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Robert-Peillard F, Palacio-Barco E, Dudal Y, Coulomb B, Boudenne JL. Alternative Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Short-Chain Volatile Fatty Acids in Aqueous Samples. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3063-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802768u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Robert-Peillard
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, Université d’Aix-Marseille I, II, III-CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, Case 29, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France, and INRA-SupAgro, Laboratoire Biogéochimie du Sol et de la Rhizosphère-UMR1222, 2 Place Viala, Bâtiment 12, 34080 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Edwin Palacio-Barco
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, Université d’Aix-Marseille I, II, III-CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, Case 29, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France, and INRA-SupAgro, Laboratoire Biogéochimie du Sol et de la Rhizosphère-UMR1222, 2 Place Viala, Bâtiment 12, 34080 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Yves Dudal
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, Université d’Aix-Marseille I, II, III-CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, Case 29, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France, and INRA-SupAgro, Laboratoire Biogéochimie du Sol et de la Rhizosphère-UMR1222, 2 Place Viala, Bâtiment 12, 34080 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Bruno Coulomb
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, Université d’Aix-Marseille I, II, III-CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, Case 29, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France, and INRA-SupAgro, Laboratoire Biogéochimie du Sol et de la Rhizosphère-UMR1222, 2 Place Viala, Bâtiment 12, 34080 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Luc Boudenne
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence-UMR 6264, Université d’Aix-Marseille I, II, III-CNRS, 3 Place Victor Hugo, Case 29, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France, and INRA-SupAgro, Laboratoire Biogéochimie du Sol et de la Rhizosphère-UMR1222, 2 Place Viala, Bâtiment 12, 34080 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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28
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Chen Z, Jin X, Wang Q, Lin Y, Gan L. Confirmation and Determination of Sugars in Soft Drink Products by IEC with ESI-MS. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-0969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Yu H, Li R. Effect of Column Temperature on the Retention of Inorganic Anions and Organic Acids in Non-Suppressed Anion-Exchange IC. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Chen Z, Jin X, Wang Q, Lin Y, Gan L, Tang C. Confirmation and determination of carboxylic acids in root exudates using LC-ESI-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 30:2440-6. [PMID: 17763514 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection is of limited applicability in the separation and identification of carboxylic acids because of the column's poor separation efficiency and the non-selective nature of the UV detector. To address this issue, RP-LC with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been explored for the confirmation and determination of carboxylic acids in plant root exudates, with ESI-MS providing structural information, high selectivity, and high sensitivity. The separation of 10 carboxylic acids (pyruvic, lactic, malonic, maleic, fumaric, succinic, malic, tartaric, trans-aconitic, and citric acid) was performed on a C(18) column using an eluent containing 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid within 10 min, where the acidic eluent not only suppressed the ionization of the carboxylic acids to be retained on the column, but was also compatible with ESI-MS detection. In addition, an additional standard was used to overcome the matrix effect. The results showed that peak areas correlated linearly with the concentration of carboxylic acids over the range 0.05-10 mg/L. The detection limits of target acids (signal-to-noise S/N ratio of 3) ranged from 20 to 30 microg/L. Finally, the proposed method was used for the confirmation and determination of low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids in plant root exudates, and provided a simple analytical procedure, including sample processing, fast separation, and high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuliang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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31
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Bylund D, Norström SH, Essén SA, Lundström US. Analysis of low molecular mass organic acids in natural waters by ion exclusion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1176:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Chen Z, Kim KR, Owens G, Naidu R. Determination of Carboxylic Acids from Plant Root Exudates by Ion Exclusion Chromatography with ESI-MS. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Meyer A, Höffler S, Fischer K. Anion-exchange chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method development for the environmental analysis of aliphatic polyhydroxy carboxylic acids. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1170:62-72. [PMID: 17915229 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
For environmental analytical purposes, an anion-exchange chromatography-electrospray ionization MS method was developed enabling the identification and quantification of 18 aliphatic (poly)hydroxy (poly)carboxylic acids including sugar and uronic acids. The initially incomplete separation could be partially improved for specific analyte combinations adding borate, the zwitter ionic MES, or an alkylglycoside to the NaOH gradient supplied with the Dionex IonPac AS-11 HC column. Despite the incomplete separation, reproducible and sensitive identification and quantification is possible with MS detection in the selected ion-monitoring mode. Applying an internal standard for the compensation of the sensitivity drift of the detector, linear calibration functions were calculated for all analytes. Limits of detection spanned between 18 and 71 microgL(-1) which could be further improved for some more hydrophobic analytes by post-column addition of MeOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Meyer
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty VI - Geography/Geosciences, University of Trier, Campus II, Behringstrasse 21, D-54296 Trier, Germany
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34
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Chi GT, Huddersman KD. Novel ion chromatography technique for the rapid identification and quantification of saturated and unsaturated low molecular weight organic acids formed during the Fenton oxidation of organic pollutants. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1139:95-103. [PMID: 17150223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Fenton oxidation process is one of the most widely used technologies in the oxidation of organic pollutants. The identification and quantification of end products of these oxidation processes is of prime importance due to environmental concerns of pollution and toxicity. In this work, we have developed a highly sensitive, cheap, easy and rapid method of determining low molecular weight mono and dicarboxylic acids using ion exclusion chromatography with inverse chemical suppression and conductivity detection. Eleven organic acids were simultaneously separated in 22min with detection limits ranging from 10 to 500ppb and limits of quantification from 0.05 to 50ppm. The method was tested and proved to be accurate, reproducible, precise and highly sensitive. Linearity was in the range of R2: 0.977-0.999, with a percentage error of less than 2% for oxalic and maleic acids, and less than 1% for the rest of the organic acids studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
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35
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Käkölä J, Alén R. A fast method for determining low-molecular-mass aliphatic carboxylic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1996-2003. [PMID: 17017012 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A fast quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic separation method with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-APCI-MS) was developed for the determination of low-molecular-mass aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids typically present in different industrial process waters. A mixture of glycolic, lactic, a-glucoisosaccharinic, oxalic, maleic, fumaric, succinic, malic, glutaric, methylsuccinic, and adipic acids was separated using an RP chromatographic system. Adipic acid was used as an internal standard to calculate correlation coefficients for the acids studied. The chromatographic analysis of these acids was primarily carried out by means of gradient elution with an aqueous formic acid solution (0.15%, pH 2.5) and methanol using a modified C18 stationary phase. Good acid separation could be obtained for all acids by optimizing the chromatographic conditions. The method provides a simple sample preparation and faster analysis time compared to the traditional gas chromatographic methods, thus enabling almost real-time monitoring of these acids. Finally, the method developed was applied to the analysis of a complex mixture of aliphatic hydroxy carboxylic acids, which are formed as alkaline degradation products of carbohydrates during wood delignification and are present in the cooking spent liquor (black liquor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Käkölä
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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36
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Mori M, Tanaka K, Satori T, Ikedo M, Hu W, Itabashi H. Influence of acidic eluent for retention behaviors of common anions and cations by ion-exclusion/cation-exchange chromatography on a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin in the H+-form. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1118:51-5. [PMID: 16546200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 02/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Influence of acidic eluent on retention behaviors of common anions and cations by ion-exclusion/cation-exchange chromatography (ion-exclusion/CEC) were investigated on a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin in the H(+)-form with conductivity. Sensitivities of analyte ions, especially weak acid anions (F(-) and HCOO(-)), were affected with degree of background conductivity level with pK(a1) (first dissociation constant) of acid in eluent. The retention behaviors of anions and cations were related to that of elution dip induced after eluting acid to separation column and injecting analyte sample. These results were largely dependent on the natures of acid as eluent. Through this study, succinic acid as the eluent was suitable for simultaneous separation of strong acid anions (SO(4)(2-), Cl(-), NO(3)(-) and I(-)), weak acid anions (F(-), HCOO(-) and CH(3)COO(-)), and cations (Na(+), K(+), NH(4)(+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+)). The separation was achieved in 20 min under the optimum eluent condition, 20 mM succinic acid/2 mM 18-crown-6. Detection limits at S/N=3 ranged from 0.10 to 0.51 microM for strong acid anions, 0.20 to 5.04 microM for weak acid anions and 0.75 to 1.72 microM for cations. The relative standard deviations of peak areas in the repeated chromatographic runs (n=10) were in the range of 1.1-2.9% for anions and 1.8-4.5% for cations. This method was successfully applied to hot spring water containing strong acid anions, weak acid anions and cations, with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Mori
- Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
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37
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Aquino FT, Santiago-Silva M. Determinação de ácidos carboxílicos em composto de resíduos sólidos urbanos por cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização em chama. ECLÉTICA QUÍMICA 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-46702006000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Um método simples e eficiente para determinação simultânea de quatro ácidos carboxílicos de cadeia curta (acético, propiônico, butírico e valérico) em resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) é descrito no presente trabalho. Estes ácidos são considerados fitotóxicos na literatura e a variabilidade das suas concentrações durante o processo pode ser usada como parâmetro da maturação do composto de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). A determinação dos ácidos carboxílicos presentes no composto de RSU envolve uma extração em água e filtração em membranas de polifluoreto de vinilideno (PVDF), seguida da injeção direta em um cromatográfo a gás com detector por ionização em chama (CG-DIC). Foram analisados três tipos de leira. Boas linearidades e coeficientes de correlação foram obtidas para todos os ácidos, e os limites de detecção e quantificação foram baixos, resultando em um método sensível para monitoramento desses ácidos em composto de RSU.
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38
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Mori M, Ikedo M, Hu W, Helaleh MIH, Xu Q, Itabashi H, Tanaka K. High-speed ion-exclusion chromatography of dissolved carbon dioxide on a small weakly acidic cation-exchange resin column with ion-exchange enhancement columns of conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1092:250-3. [PMID: 16199234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The high-speed ion-exclusion chromatographic determination of dissolved carbon dioxide, i.e., carbonic acid, hydrogencarbonate or carbonate, with conductivity detection was obtained using a small column packed with a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin in the H+-form (40 mm long x 4.6 mm i.d., 3 microm-particle and 0.1 meq./ml-capacity). Two different ion-exchange resin columns, which were a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin in the K+-form and a strongly basic anion-exchange resin in the OH- -form, were connected after the separation column. The sequence of columns could convert dissolved carbon dioxide to KOH having high conductivity response. The enhancement effect for dissolved carbon dioxide could retain even on the vast chromatographic runs, by using the enhancement columns with high ion-exchange capacity above 1.0 meq./ml. The retention time was in 60 s at flow-rate of 1.2 ml/min. The calibration graph of dissolved carbon dioxide estimated as H2CO3- was linear in the range of 0.005-10 mM. The detection limit at signal to noise of 3 was 0.15 microM as H2CO3-. This method was applicable to several rainwater and tap water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Mori
- Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan.
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39
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Paull B, Nesterenko PN. Novel ion chromatographic stationary phases for the analysis of complex matrices. Analyst 2004; 130:134-46. [PMID: 15665965 DOI: 10.1039/b406355b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion chromatography (IC) has a proven track record in the determination of inorganic and organic anions and cations in complex matrices. Recently, application of IC to the separation and determination of bio-molecules such as amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, proteins and peptides has also received much attention. The key to the determination of all of the above species in the most analytically challenging complex matrices is the ability to manipulate selectivity through control of stationary phase chemistry, mobile phase chemistry and the choice of detection method. This Tutorial Review summarises some of the most significant recent advances made in IC stationary phase technology. In particular, the review details stationary phases specifically designed for ion analysis in complex sample matrices, and considers in which direction future stationary phase development might proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Paull
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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40
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Ito K, Takayama Y, Ikedo M, Mori M, Taoda H, Xu Q, Hu W, Sunahara H, Hayashi T, Sato S, Hirokawa T, Tanaka K. Determination of some aliphatic carboxylic acids in anaerobic digestion process waters by ion-exclusion chromatography with conductimetric detection on a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin column. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1039:141-5. [PMID: 15250416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The determination of seven aliphatic carboxylic acids, formic, acetic, propionic, isobutyric, n-butyric, isovaleric and n-valeric acids in anaerobic digestion process waters was examined using ion-exclusion chromatography with conductimetric detection. The analysis of these biologically important carboxylic acids is necessary as a measure for evaluating and controlling the process. The ion-exclusion chromatography system employed consisted of polymethacrylate-based weakly acidic cation-exchange resin columns (TSKgel OApak-A or TSKgel Super IC-A/C). weakly acidic eluent (benzoic acid), and conductimetric detection. Particle size and cation-exchange capacity were 5 microm and 0.1 meq./ml for TSKgel OApak-A and 3 microm and 0.2 meq./ml for TSKgel Super IC-A/C, respectively. A dilute eluent (1.0-2.0 mM) of benzoic acid was effective for the high resolution and highly conductimetric detection of the carboxylic acids. The good separation of isobutyric and n-butyric acids was performed using the TSKgel Super IC-A/C column (150 mm x 6.0 mm i.d. x 2). The simple and good chromatograms were obtained by the optimized ion-exclusion chromatography conditions for real samples from mesophilic anaerobic digestors, thus the aliphatic carboxylic acids were successfully determined without any interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Kinki University, 1 Umenobe, Takaya, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan.
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41
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Tanaka K, Mori M, Xu Q, Helaleh MIH, Ikedo M, Taoda H, Hu W, Hasebe K, Fritz JS, Haddad PR. Ion-exclusion chromatography with conductimetric detection of aliphatic carboxylic acids on a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin by elution with benzoic acid-beta-cyclodextrin. J Chromatogr A 2003; 997:127-32. [PMID: 12830884 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an aqueous solution consisting of benzoic acid with low background conductivity and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) of hydrophilic nature and the inclusion effect to benzoic acid were used as eluent for the ion-exclusion chromatographic separation of aliphatic carboxylic acids with different pKa values and hydrophobicity on a polymethacrylate-based weakly acidic cation-exchange resin in the H+ form. With increasing concentration of beta-cyclodextrin in the eluent, the retention times of the carboxylic acids decreased due to the increased hydrophilicity of the polymethacrylate-based cation-exchange resin surface from the adsorption of OH groups of beta-cyclodextrin. Moreover, the eluent background conductivity decreased with increasing concentration of beta-cyclodextrin in 1 mM benzoic acid, which could result in higher sensitivity for conductimetric detection. The ion-exclusion chromatographic separation of carboxylic acids with high resolution and sensitivity was accomplished successfully by elution with a 1 mM benzoic acid-10 mM cyclodextrin solution without chemical suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Tanaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 110 Nishiibara-cho, Seto, Aichi 489-0884, Japan.
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