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Plyusnina TY, Khruschev SS, Degtereva NS, Voronova EN, Volgusheva AA, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Three-state mathematical model for the assessment of DCMU-treated photosystem II heterogeneity. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:303-320. [PMID: 38466456 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is one of the main pigment-protein complexes of photosynthesis which is highly sensitive to unfavorable environmental factors. The heterogeneity of PSII properties is essential for the resistance of autotrophic organisms to stress factors. Assessment of the PSII heterogeneity may be used in environmental monitoring for on-line detection of contamination of the environment. We propose an approach to assess PSII oxygen-evolving complex and light-harvesting antenna heterogeneity that is based on mathematical modeling of the shape of chlorophyll a fluorescence rise of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-treated samples. The hierarchy of characteristic times of the processes considered in the model makes it possible to reduce the model to a system of three ordinary differential equations. The analytic solution of the reduced three-state model is expressed as a sum of two exponential functions, and it exactly reproduces the solution of the complete system within the time range from microseconds to hundreds of milliseconds. The combination of several such models for reaction centers with different properties made it possible to use it as an instrument to study PSII heterogeneity. PSII heterogeneity was studied for Chlamydomonas at different intensities of actinic light, for Scenedesmus under short-term heating, and for Chlorella grown in nitrate-enriched and nitrate-depleted media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yu Plyusnina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Sergei S Khruschev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Natalia S Degtereva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Elena N Voronova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alena A Volgusheva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Galina Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Andrew B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Biswal AK, Pattanayak GK, Ruhil K, Kandoi D, Mohanty SS, Leelavati S, Reddy VS, Govindjee G, Tripathy BC. Reduced expression of chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) decreases the metabolic flux for chlorophyll synthesis and downregulates photosynthesis in tobacco plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:1-16. [PMID: 38435853 PMCID: PMC10901765 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll b is synthesized from chlorophyllide a, catalyzed by chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO). To examine whether reduced chlorophyll b content regulates chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis and photosynthesis, we raised CAO transgenic tobacco plants with antisense CAO expression, which had lower chlorophyll b content and, thus, higher Chl a/b ratio. Further, these plants had (i) lower chlorophyll b and total Chl content, whether they were grown under low or high light; (ii) decreased steady-state levels of chlorophyll biosynthetic intermediates, due, perhaps, to a feedback-controlled reduction in enzyme expressions/activities; (iii) reduced electron transport rates in their intact leaves, and reduced Photosystem (PS) I, PS II and whole chain electron transport activities in their isolated thylakoids; (iv) decreased carbon assimilation in plants grown under low or high light. We suggest that reduced synthesis of chlorophyll b by antisense expression of CAO, acting at the end of Chl biosynthesis pathway, downregulates the chlorophyll b biosynthesis, resulting in decreased Chl b, total chlorophylls and increased Chl a/b. We have previously shown that the controlled up-regulation of chlorophyll b biosynthesis and decreased Chl a/b ratio by over expression of CAO enhance the rates of electron transport and CO2 assimilation in tobacco. Conversely, our data, presented here, demonstrate that-antisense expression of CAO in tobacco, which decreases Chl b biosynthesis and increases Chl a/b ratio, leads to reduced photosynthetic electron transport and carbon assimilation rates, both under low and high light. We conclude that Chl b modulates photosynthesis; its controlled down regulation/ up regulation decreases/ increases light-harvesting, rates of electron transport, and carbon assimilation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01395-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaya K. Biswal
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Gopal K. Pattanayak
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Kamal Ruhil
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Deepika Kandoi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Sushree S. Mohanty
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Sadhu Leelavati
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Vanga S. Reddy
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Baishnab C. Tripathy
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310 India
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Liu L, Fu Z, Wang X, Xu C, Gan C, Fan D, Soon Chow W. Exposed anthocyanic leaves of Prunus cerasifera are special shade leaves with high resistance to blue light but low resistance to red light against photoinhibition of photosynthesis. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:163-177. [PMID: 37382489 PMCID: PMC10550276 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The photoprotective role of foliar anthocyanins has long been ambiguous: exacerbating, being indifferent to or ameliorating the photoinhibition of photosynthesis. The photoinhibitory light spectrum and failure to separate photo-resistance from repair, as well as the different methods used to quantify the photo-susceptibility of the photosystems, could lead to such a discrepancy. METHODS We selected two congeneric deciduous shrubs, Prunus cerasifera with anthocyanic leaves and Prunus triloba with green leaves, grown under identical growth conditions in an open field. The photo-susceptibilities of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) to red light and blue light, in the presence of lincomycin (to block the repair), of exposed leaves were quantified by a non-intrusive P700+ signal from PSI. Leaf absorption, pigments, gas exchange and Chl a fluorescence were also measured. KEY RESULTS The content of anthocyanins in red leaves (P. cerasifera) was >13 times greater than that in green leaves (P. triloba). With no difference in maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and apparent CO2 quantum yield (AQY) in red light, anthocyanic leaves (P. cerasifera) showed some shade-acclimated suites, including lower Chl a/b ratio, lower photosynthesis rate, lower stomatal conductance and lower PSII/PSI ratio (on an arbitrary scale), compared with green leaves (P. triloba). In the absence of repair of PSII, anthocyanic leaves (P. cerasifera) showed a rate coefficient of PSII photoinactivation (ki) that was 1.8 times higher than that of green leaves (P. triloba) under red light, but significantly lower (-18 %) under blue light. PSI of both types of leaves was not photoinactivated under blue or red light. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of repair, anthocyanic leaves exhibited an exacerbation of PSII photoinactivation under red light and a mitigation under blue light, which can partially reconcile the existing controversy in terms of the photoprotection by anthocyanins. Overall, the results demonstrate that appropriate methodology applied to test the photoprotection hypothesis of anthocyanins is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zengjuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chengyang Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Changqing Gan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dayong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
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Broadwell ELM, Pickford RE, Perkins RG, Sgouridis F, Williamson CJ. Adaptation versus plastic responses to temperature, light, and nitrate availability in cultured snow algal strains. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad088. [PMID: 37553143 PMCID: PMC10481995 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Snow algal blooms are widespread, dominating low temperature, high light, and oligotrophic melting snowpacks. Here, we assessed the photophysiological and cellular stoichiometric responses of snow algal genera Chloromonas spp. and Microglena spp. in their vegetative life stage isolated from the Arctic and Antarctic to gradients in temperature (5 - 15°C), nitrate availability (1 - 10 µmol L-1), and light (50 and 500 µmol photons m-2 s-1). When grown under gradients in temperature, measured snow algal strains displayed Fv/Fm values increased by ∼115% and electron transport rates decreased by ∼50% at 5°C compared to 10 and 15°C, demonstrating how low temperatures can mimic high light impacts to photophysiology. When using carrying capacity as opposed to growth rate as a metric for determining the temperature optima, these snow algal strains can be defined as psychrophilic, with carrying capacities ∼90% higher at 5°C than warmer temperatures. All strains approached Redfield C:N stoichiometry when cultured under nutrient replete conditions regardless of temperature (5.7 ± 0.4 across all strains), whereas significant increases in C:N were apparent when strains were cultured under nitrate concentrations that reflected in situ conditions (17.8 ± 5.9). Intra-specific responses in photophysiology were apparent under high light with Chloromonas spp. more capable of acclimating to higher light intensities. These findings suggest that in situ conditions are not optimal for the studied snow algal strains, but they are able to dynamically adjust both their photochemistry and stoichiometry to acclimate to these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L M Broadwell
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E Pickford
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert G Perkins
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Fotis Sgouridis
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Williamson
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, United Kingdom
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Wang YQ, Ye JJ, Yang HZ, Li D, Li XX, Wang YK, Zheng XQ, Ye JH, Li QS, Liang YR, Lu JL. Shading-Dependent Greening Process of the Leaves in the Light-Sensitive Albino Tea Plant 'Huangjinya': Possible Involvement of the Light-Harvesting Complex II Subunit of Photosystem II in the Phenotypic Characteristic. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10314. [PMID: 37373460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The light-sensitive albino tea plant can produce pale-yellow shoots with high levels of amino acids which are suitable to process high-quality tea. In order to understand the mechanism of the albino phenotype formation, the changes in the physio-chemical characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, chlorophyll-binding proteins, and the relevant gene expression were comprehensively investigated in the leaves of the light-sensitive albino cultivar 'Huangjinya' ('HJY') during short-term shading treatment. In the content of photosynthetic pigments, the ultrastructure of the chloroplast, and parameters of the photosynthesis in the leaves of 'HJY' could be gradually normalized along with the extension of the shading time, resulting in the leaf color transformed from pale yellow to green. BN-PAGE and SDS-PAGE revealed that function restoration of the photosynthetic apparatus was attributed to the proper formation of the pigment-protein complexes on the thylakoid membrane that benefited from the increased levels of the LHCII subunits in the shaded leaves of 'HJY', indicating the low level of LHCII subunits, especially the lack of the Lhcb1 might be responsible for the albino phenotype of the 'HJY' under natural light condition. The deficiency of the Lhcb1 was mainly subject to the strongly suppressed expression of the Lhcb1.x which might be modulated by the chloroplast retrograde signaling pathway GUN1 (GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1)-PTM (PHD type transcription factor with transmembrane domains)-ABI4 (ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Da Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Kang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Ariga K. Molecular Machines and Microrobots: Nanoarchitectonics Developments and On-Water Performances. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:mi14010025. [PMID: 36677086 PMCID: PMC9860627 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This review will focus on micromachines and microrobots, which are objects at the micro-level with similar machine functions, as well as nano-level objects such as molecular machines and nanomachines. The paper will initially review recent examples of molecular machines and microrobots that are not limited to interfaces, noting the diversity of their functions. Next, examples of molecular machines and micromachines/micro-robots functioning at the air-water interface will be discussed. The behaviors of molecular machines are influenced significantly by the specific characteristics of the air-water interface. By placing molecular machines at the air-water interface, the scientific horizon and depth of molecular machine research will increase dramatically. On the other hand, for microrobotics, more practical and advanced systems have been reported, such as the development of microrobots and microswimmers for environmental remediations and biomedical applications. The research currently being conducted on the surface of water may provide significant basic knowledge for future practical uses of molecular machines and microrobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan;
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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Sagun JV, Chow WS, Ghannoum O. Leaf pigments and photosystems stoichiometry underpin photosynthetic efficiency of related C 3 , C-C 4 and C 4 grasses under shade. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13819. [PMID: 36344438 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quantum yield of photosynthesis (QY, CO2 fixed per light absorbed) depends on the efficiency of light absorption, the coupling between light absorption and electron transport, and the coupling between electron transport and carbon metabolism. QY is generally lower in C3 relative to C4 plants at warm temperatures and differs among the C4 subtypes. We investigated the acclimation to shade of light absorption and electron transport in six representative grasses with C3 , C3 -C4 and C4 photosynthesis. Plants were grown under full (control) or 25% (shade) sunlight. We measured the in vivo activity and stoichiometry of PSI and PSII, leaf spectral properties and pigment contents, and photosynthetic enzyme activities. Under control growth-light conditions, C4 species had higher CO2 assimilation rates, which declined to a greater extent relative to the C3 species. Whole leaf PSII/PSI ratios were highest in the C3 species, while QY and cyclic electron flow (CEF) were highest in the C4 , NADP-ME species. Shade significantly reduced leaf PSII/PSI, linear electron flow (LEF) and CEF of most species. Overall, shade reduced leaf absorptance, especially in the green region, as well as carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in C4 more than non-C4 species. The NAD-ME species underwent the greatest reduction in leaf absorptance and pigments under shade. In conclusion, shade compromised QY the least in the C3 and the most in the C4 -NAD-ME species. Different sensitivity to shade was associated with the ability to maintain leaf absorptance and pigments. This is important for maximising light absorption and minimising photoprotection under low light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Ver Sagun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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8
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Suslichenko IS, Trubitsin BV, Vershubskii AV, Tikhonov AN. The noninvasive monitoring of the redox status of photosynthetic electron transport chains in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Tradescantia leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:233-243. [PMID: 35716433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach to the noninvasive determination of the electron capacity of the intersystem pool of electron carriers in chloroplasts in situ. As apt experimental models, we used the leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Tradescantia species. Electron paramagnetic resonance and optical response of P700 (the primary electron donor in Photosystem I) were applied to measuring electron transport in chloroplasts. Electron capacities of the intersystem electron transport chain (ETC) were determined from redox transients of P700 upon chromatic transitions (white light → far-red light). During the induction period, we observed the nonmonotonic changes in the number of electron equivalents in the intersystem ETC per P700 (parameter Q). In Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, the light-induced rise of Q from ≈2.5 (in the dark) to Q ≈ 12 was followed by its decrease to Q ≈ 6. The data obtained are discussed in the context of pH-dependent regulation of electron transport in chloroplasts, which provides the well-balanced operation of the intersystem ETC. The decay of Q is explained by the attenuation of Photosystem II activity due to the lumen acidification and the acceleration of plastoquinol re-oxidation as a result of the Calvin-Benson cycle activation. Our computer model of electron and proton transport coupled to ATP synthesis in chloroplasts was used to analyze the up and down feedbacks responsible for pH-dependent regulation of electron transport in chloroplasts. The procedures introduced here may be important for subsequent works aimed at defining the plastoquinone participation in regulation of photosynthetic processes in chloroplasts in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Suslichenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V Trubitsin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Matsuda R, Ito H, Fujiwara K. Effects of Artificially Reproduced Fluctuations in Sunlight Spectral Distribution on the Net Photosynthetic Rate of Cucumber Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675810. [PMID: 34211488 PMCID: PMC8239441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) fluctuations in sunlight have already been investigated; however, the spectral photon flux density distribution (SPD) has hardly been considered. Here, sunlight SPD fluctuations recorded for 200 min in October in Tokyo, Japan were artificially reproduced using an LED-artificial sunlight source system. The net photosynthetic rate (P n) of cucumber leaves under reproduced sunlight was measured and compared with the P n estimated from a steady-state PPFD-P n curve for the same leaves. The measured and estimated P n agreed except when the PPFD was low, where the measured P n was lower than the estimated P n. The ratio of measured P n to estimated P n was 0.94-0.95 for PPFD ranges of 300-700 μmol m-2 s-1, while the value was 0.98-0.99 for 900-1,300 μmol m-2 s-1, and the overall ratio was 0.97. This 3% reduction in the measured P n compared with the P n estimated from a steady-state PPFD-P n curve was significantly smaller than the approximately 20-30% reduction reported in previous experimental and simulation studies. This result suggests that the loss of integral net photosynthetic gain under fluctuating sunlight can vary among days with different fluctuation patterns or may be non-significant when fluctuations in both PPFD and relative SPD of sunlight are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsuda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Microalgae with a truncated light-harvesting antenna to maximize photosynthetic efficiency and biomass productivity: Recent advances and current challenges. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Yanykin D, Sundyreva M, Khorobrykh A, Semenova G, Savchenko T. Functional characterization of the corticular photosynthetic apparatus in grapevine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148260. [PMID: 32679044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of functional characteristics of the grapevine leaf photosynthetic apparatus (LPA) and corticular photosynthetic apparatus (CPA) in chlorenchyma tissues of first-year lignified vine was performed. Obtained results demonstrate significant differences between the functional properties of the CPA and the LPA. CPA contains an increased proportion (about 2/3) of QB-non-reducing centers of photosystem II (PSII) that is confirmed by elevated O-J phase in fluorescence kinetics, high PSIIβ content, and slower QA-• reoxidation. CPA and LPA use different strategies to utilize absorbed light energy and to protect itself against excessive light. CPA dissipates a significant proportion of absorbed light energy as heat (regulated and non-regulated dissipation), and only a smaller part of the excitation energy is used in the dark stages of photosynthesis. The rate constant of photoinhibition and fluorescence quenching due to photoinhibition in CPA is almost three times higher than in LPA, while high-energy state fluorescence quenching value is twice lower. The saturation of vine chlorenchyma tissue with water increases the CPA tolerance to photoinhibition and promotes the ability to restore the photosynthetic activity after photoinhibition. The electron microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of intact plastids in vine chlorenchyma tissue, the interior space of plastids is filled with large starch grains while bands of stacked thylakoid membranes are mainly localized on the periphery. Analyzes showed that corticular plastids are specialized organelles combining features of chloroplasts, amyloplasts and gerontoplasts. Distinct structural organization of photosynthetic membranes and microenvironment predetermine distinctive functional properties of CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yanykin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - M Sundyreva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture, Krasnodar 350072, Russia
| | - A Khorobrykh
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - G Semenova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - T Savchenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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Romero N, Visentini FF, Márquez VE, Santiago LG, Castro GR, Gagneten AM. Physiological and morphological responses of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109857. [PMID: 32777636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the physiology and morphology of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris were studied. AgNPs were characterized by particle size distribution, ζ potential measurement, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chlorella vulgaris was exposed to 90-1440 μg/L of AgNPs range in Bold's Basal Medium for 96 h. The inhibition of algae growth rate and changes in the concentrations of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, pheophytin, and carotenoids was determined at the beginning and end of the trial. Cell diameter and volume, carbohydrate, total lipids, and protein content were also determined. Our data strongly suggest that the toxic effects of the AgNPs resulted in concentration and time-dependent. AgNPs altered C. vulgaris growth kinetics and cell metabolism expressed in photosynthetic pigments and biochemical composition. Our study confirmed the cytotoxicity of AgNPs through the algal growth inhibition with an EC50 value of 110 μg/L. Also, changes of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, pheophytin, and carotenoids concentrations were observed associated with a color shift from green to pale brown of algae cultures exposed to AgNPs for 96 h. Furthermore, algae cell concentration, diameter, and volume, plus total lipid, protein, and carbohydrates contents in the presence of AgNPs, were significantly altered compared to untreated cells. In synthesis, this study highlighted AgNPs toxic effects on morphological and physiological traits of C. vulgaris and warns about possible impacts on energy flow and aquatic food web structure, and on the transfer efficiency of energy to higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalí Romero
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/n (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; CONICET, Predio CONICET "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168, Km. 0, Paraje El Pozo (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Flavia F Visentini
- CONICET, Predio CONICET "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168, Km. 0, Paraje El Pozo (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (FIQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago Del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Vanina E Márquez
- Laboratorio de Fermentaciones, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/n (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Liliana G Santiago
- CONICET, Predio CONICET "Dr. Alberto Cassano", Colectora Ruta Nac. Nº 168, Km. 0, Paraje El Pozo (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA), Facultad de Ingeniería Química (FIQ), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago Del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI - Departamento de Química - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 50 Nº 227, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Gagneten
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria - Paraje El Pozo S/n (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Liguori N, Croce R, Marrink SJ, Thallmair S. Molecular dynamics simulations in photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:273-295. [PMID: 32297102 PMCID: PMC7203591 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is regulated by a dynamic interplay between proteins, enzymes, pigments, lipids, and cofactors that takes place on a large spatio-temporal scale. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide a powerful toolkit to investigate dynamical processes in (bio)molecular ensembles from the (sub)picosecond to the (sub)millisecond regime and from the Å to hundreds of nm length scale. Therefore, MD is well suited to address a variety of questions arising in the field of photosynthesis research. In this review, we provide an introduction to the basic concepts of MD simulations, at atomistic and coarse-grained level of resolution. Furthermore, we discuss applications of MD simulations to model photosynthetic systems of different sizes and complexity and their connection to experimental observables. Finally, we provide a brief glance on which methods provide opportunities to capture phenomena beyond the applicability of classical MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Liguori
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Thallmair
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute & Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Bielczynski LW, Schansker G, Croce R. Consequences of the reduction of the Photosystem II antenna size on the light acclimation capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:866-879. [PMID: 31834625 PMCID: PMC7154682 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In several systems, from plant's canopy to algal bioreactors, the decrease of the antenna size has been proposed as a strategy to increase the photosynthetic efficiency. However, still little is known about possible secondary effects of such modifications. This is particularly relevant because the modulation of the antenna size is one of the most important light acclimation responses in photosynthetic organisms. In our study, we used an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (dLhcb2), which has a 60% decrease of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2, the two main components of the major Photosystem II antenna complex. We show that the mutant maintains the photosynthetic and photoprotective capacity of the Wild Type (WT) and adapts to different light conditions by remodelling its photosynthetic apparatus, but the regulatory mechanism differs from that of the WT. Surprisingly, it does not compensate for the decreased light-harvesting capacity by increasing other pigment-protein complexes. Instead, it lowers the ratio of the cytochrome b6 f and ATP synthase to the photosystems, regulating linear electron flow and maintaining the photosynthetic control at the level of these complexes as in the WT. We show that targeting the reduction of two specific antenna proteins, Lhcb1 and Lhcb2, represents a viable solution to obtain plants with a truncated antenna size, which still maintain the capacity to acclimate to different light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik W. Bielczynski
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Energy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and AstronomyVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gert Schansker
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Energy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and AstronomyVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis/Energy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and AstronomyVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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McKenzie SD, Ibrahim IM, Aryal UK, Puthiyaveetil S. Stoichiometry of protein complexes in plant photosynthetic membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hollis L, Ivanov AG, Hüner NPA. Chlorella vulgaris integrates photoperiod and chloroplast redox signals in response to growth at high light. PLANTA 2019; 249:1189-1205. [PMID: 30603788 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoacclimation to variable light and photoperiod regimes in C. vulgaris represents a complex interplay between "biogenic" phytochrome-mediated sensing and "operational" redox sensing signaling pathways. Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck UTEX 265 exhibits a yellow-green phenotype when grown under high light (HL) in contrast to a dark green phenotype when grown at low light (LL). The redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) as estimated by excitation pressure has been proposed to govern this phenotypic response. We hypothesized that if the redox state of the PETC was the sole regulator of the HL phenotype, C. vulgaris should photoacclimate in response to the steady-state excitation pressure during the light period regardless of the length of the photoperiod. As expected, LL-grown cells exhibited a dark green phenotype, low excitation pressure (1 - qP = 0.22 ± 0.02), high chlorophyll (Chl) content (375 ± 77 fg Chl/cell), low Chl a/b ratio (2.97 ± 0.18) as well as high photosynthetic efficiency and photosynthetic capacity regardless of the photoperiod. In contrast, C. vulgaris grown under continuous HL developed a yellow-green phenotype characterized by high excitation pressure (1 - qP = 0.68 ± 0.01), a relatively low Chl content (180 ± 53 fg Chl/cell), high Chl a/b ratio (6.36 ± 0.54) with concomitantly reduced light-harvesting polypeptide abundance, as well as low photosynthetic capacity and efficiency measured on a per cell basis. Although cells grown under HL and an 18 h photoperiod developed a typical yellow-green phenotype, cells grown at HL but a 12 h photoperiod exhibited a dark green phenotype comparable to LL-grown cells despite exhibiting growth under high excitation pressure (1 - qP = 0.80 ± 0.04). The apparent uncoupling of excitation pressure and phenotype in HL-grown cells and a 12 h photoperiod indicates that chloroplast redox status cannot be the sole regulator of photoacclimation in C. vulgaris. We conclude that photoacclimation in C. vulgaris to HL is dependent upon growth history and reflects a complex interaction of endogenous systems that sense changes in photoperiod as well as photosynthetic redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hollis
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Albanese P, Manfredi M, Re A, Marengo E, Saracco G, Pagliano C. Thylakoid proteome modulation in pea plants grown at different irradiances: quantitative proteomic profiling in a non-model organism aided by transcriptomic data integration. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:786-800. [PMID: 30118564 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant thylakoid membranes contain hundreds of proteins that closely interact to cope with ever-changing environmental conditions. We investigated how Pisum sativum L. (pea) grown at different irradiances optimizes light-use efficiency through the differential accumulation of thylakoid proteins. Thylakoid membranes from plants grown under low (LL), moderate (ML) and high (HL) light intensity were characterized by combining chlorophyll fluorescence measurements with quantitative label-free proteomic analysis. Protein sequences retrieved from available transcriptomic data considerably improved thylakoid proteome profiling, increasing the quantifiable proteins from 63 to 194. The experimental approach used also demonstrates that this integrative omics strategy is powerful for unravelling protein isoforms and functions that are still unknown in non-model organisms. We found that the different growth irradiances affect the electron transport kinetics but not the relative abundance of photosystems (PS) I and II. Two acclimation strategies were evident. The behaviour of plants acclimated to LL was compared at higher irradiances: (i) in ML, plants turn on photoprotective responses mostly modulating the PSII light-harvesting capacity, either accumulating Lhcb4.3 or favouring the xanthophyll cycle; (ii) in HL, plants reduce the pool of light-harvesting complex II and enhance the PSII repair cycle. When growing at ML and HL, plants accumulate ATP synthase, boosting both cyclic and linear electron transport by finely tuning the ΔpH across the membrane and optimizing protein trafficking by adjusting the thylakoid architecture. Our results provide a quantitative snapshot of how plants coordinate light harvesting, electron transport and protein synthesis by adjusting the thylakoid membrane proteome in a light-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Albanese
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- ISALIT-Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies-CSFT@POLITO, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Saracco
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy
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Murakami K, Matsuda R, Fujiwara K. A Mathematical Model of Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Response to the Light Spectrum Based on Excitation Energy Distributed to Photosystems. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1643-1651. [PMID: 29697808 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To enable us to analyze more systematically the effects of the spectral distribution of light (i.e. light quality) on photosynthetic electron transport, we propose a simple mathematical model which describes electron transport reactions under light-limited conditions based on the excitation energy distributed to the photosystems. The model assumes that the rate-limiting photosystem performs the photochemical reaction at its maximum yield, while the yield in the other photosystem is passively down-regulated to equalize the rates of linear electron transport through the photosystems. Using intact cucumber leaves, we tested the model by comparing actual and estimated photosynthetic parameters under several combinations of photon flux densities of red and far-red lights (R and FR, respectively). Simultaneously provided R and FR yielded greater gross photosynthetic rates than the sums of the rates under only R and only FR, which is known as the 'enhancement effect'. The present model reproduced these non-additive increases in the gross photosynthetic rates in response to supplemental FR to R and provided more accurate estimates than an existing method that did not take the enhancement effect into account (root mean square errors: 0.11 and 0.21 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively). Using the present model, the photon flux density of the supplemental FR which gives the changing point of rate-limiting photosystem and the photochemical yields of the non-rate-limiting photosystems were estimated reasonably well. The present study has therefore formulated a simplified quantitative electron transport model in response to the light spectrum based on generally accepted concepts and demonstrated its validity experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keach Murakami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Pfündel EE, Latouche G, Meister A, Cerovic ZG. Linking chloroplast relocation to different responses of photosynthesis to blue and red radiation in low and high light-acclimated leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:105-128. [PMID: 29374806 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Low light (LL) and high light (HL)-acclimated plants of A. thaliana were exposed to blue (BB) or red (RR) light or to a mixture of blue and red light (BR) of incrementally increasing intensities. The light response of photosystem II was measured by pulse amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and that of photosystem I by near infrared difference spectroscopy. The LL but not HL leaves exhibited blue light-specific responses which were assigned to relocation of chloroplasts from the dark to the light-avoidance arrangement. Blue light (BB and BR) decreased the minimum fluorescence ([Formula: see text]) more than RR light. This extra reduction of the [Formula: see text] was stronger than theoretically predicted for [Formula: see text] quenching by energy dissipation but actual measurement and theory agreed in RR treatments. The extra [Formula: see text] reduction was assigned to decreased light absorption of chloroplasts in the avoidance position. A maximum reduction of 30% was calculated. Increasing intensities of blue light affected the fluorescence parameters NPQ and qP to a lesser degree than red light. After correcting for the optical effects of chloroplast relocation, the NPQ responded similarly to blue and red light. The same correction method diminished the color-specific variations in qP but did not abolish it; thus strongly indicating the presence of another blue light effect which also moderates excitation pressure in PSII but cannot be ascribed to absorption variations. Only after RR exposure, a post-illumination overshoot of [Formula: see text] and fast oxidation of PSI electron acceptors occurred, thus, suggesting an electron flow from stromal reductants to the plastoquinone pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard E Pfündel
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik II der Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften, 97082, Würzburg, Germany.
- Heinz Walz GmbH, Eichenring 6, 91090, Effeltrich, Germany.
| | - Gwendal Latouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie Systématique et Évolution, UMR8079, Bât. 362, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
- AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Armin Meister
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Zoran G Cerovic
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie Systématique et Évolution, UMR8079, Bât. 362, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
- AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
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Kirst H, Shen Y, Vamvaka E, Betterle N, Xu D, Warek U, Strickland JA, Melis A. Downregulation of the CpSRP43 gene expression confers a truncated light-harvesting antenna (TLA) and enhances biomass and leaf-to-stem ratio in Nicotiana tabacum canopies. PLANTA 2018; 248:139-154. [PMID: 29623472 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Downregulation in the expression of the signal recognition particle 43 (SRP43) gene in tobacco conferred a truncated photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna (TLA property), and resulted in plants with a greater leaf-to-stem ratio, improved photosynthetic productivity and canopy biomass accumulation under high-density cultivation conditions. Evolution of sizable arrays of light-harvesting antennae in all photosynthetic systems confers a survival advantage for the organism in the wild, where sunlight is often the growth-limiting factor. In crop monocultures, however, this property is strongly counterproductive, when growth takes place under direct and excess sunlight. The large arrays of light-harvesting antennae in crop plants cause the surface of the canopies to over-absorb solar irradiance, far in excess of what is needed to saturate photosynthesis and forcing them to engage in wasteful dissipation of the excess energy. Evidence in this work showed that downregulation by RNA-interference approaches of the Nicotiana tabacum signal recognition particle 43 (SRP43), a nuclear gene encoding a chloroplast-localized component of the photosynthetic light-harvesting assembly pathway, caused a decrease in the light-harvesting antenna size of the photosystems, a corresponding increase in the photosynthetic productivity of chlorophyll in the leaves, and improved tobacco plant canopy biomass accumulation under high-density cultivation conditions. Importantly, the resulting TLA transgenic plants had a substantially greater leaf-to-stem biomass ratio, compared to those of the wild type, grown under identical agronomic conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the potential benefit that could accrue to agriculture upon application of the TLA-technology to crop plants, entailing higher density planting with plants having a greater biomass and leaf-to-stem ratio, translating into greater crop yields per plant with canopies in a novel agronomic configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kirst
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Yanxin Shen
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Evangelia Vamvaka
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Nico Betterle
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Ujwala Warek
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - James A Strickland
- Biotechnology Division, Altria Client Services, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA.
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An investigation on involvement of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in modulating NaCl toxicity in two cyanobacteria photoacclimatized to different photosynthetic active radiation. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hwangbo K, Lim JM, Jeong SW, Vikramathithan J, Park YI, Jeong WJ. Elevated Inorganic Carbon Concentrating Mechanism Confers Tolerance to High Light in an Arctic Chlorella sp. ArM0029B. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:590. [PMID: 29868055 PMCID: PMC5949578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae and higher plants employ an inorganic carbon (Ci) concentrating mechanism (CCM) to increase CO2 availability to Rubisco. Operation of the CCM should enhance the activity of the Calvin cycle, which could act as an electron sink for electrons generated by photosynthesis, and lower the redox status of photosynthetic electron transport chains. In this study, a hypothesis that microalgal cells with fully operating CCM are less likely to be photodamaged was tested by comparing a Chlorella mutant with its wild type (WT). The mutant acquired by screening gamma-ray-induced mutant libraries of Chlorella sp. ArM0029B exhibited constitutively active CCM (CAC) even in the presence of additional Ci sources under mixotrophic growth conditions. In comparison to the WT alga, the mutant named to constitutively active CCM1 (CAC1) showed more transcript levels for genes coding proteins related to CCM such as Ci transporters and carbonic anhydrases (CA), and greater levels of intracellular Ci content and CA activity regardless of whether growth is limited by light or not. Under photoinhibitory conditions, CAC1 mutant showed faster growth than WT cells with more PSII reaction center core component D1 protein (encoded by psbA), higher photochemical efficiency as estimated by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm), and fewer reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, high light (HL)-induced increase in ROS contents in WT cells was significantly inhibited by bicarbonate supplementation. It is concluded that constitutive operation of CCM endows Chlorella cells with resistance to HL partly by reducing the endogenous generation of ROS. These results will provide useful information on the interaction between CCM expression, ROS production, and photodamage in Chlorella and related microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Hwangbo
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seok-Won Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jayaraman Vikramathithan
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won-Joong Jeong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Nozawa Y, Noguchi T. pH-Dependent Regulation of the Relaxation Rate of the Radical Anion of the Secondary Quinone Electron Acceptor QB in Photosystem II As Revealed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2828-2836. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nozawa
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Elanskaya IV, Zlenko DV, Lukashev EP, Suzina NE, Kononova IA, Stadnichuk IN. Phycobilisomes from the mutant cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 missing chromophore domain of ApcE. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:280-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jeong J, Baek K, Yu J, Kirst H, Betterle N, Shin W, Bae S, Melis A, Jin E. Deletion of the chloroplast LTD protein impedes LHCI import and PSI-LHCI assembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1147-1158. [PMID: 29300952 PMCID: PMC6018721 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear-encoded light-harvesting chlorophyll- and carotenoid-binding proteins (LHCPs) are imported into the chloroplast and transported across the stroma to thylakoid membrane assembly sites by the chloroplast signal recognition particle (CpSRP) pathway. The LHCP translocation defect (LTD) protein is essential for the delivery of imported LHCPs to the CpSRP pathway in Arabidopsis. However, the function of the LTD protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has not been investigated. Here, we generated a C. reinhardtii ltd (Crltd) knockout mutant by using CRISPR-Cas9, a new target-specific knockout technology. The Crltd1 mutant showed a low chlorophyll content per cell with an unusual increase in appressed thylakoid membranes and enlarged cytosolic vacuoles. Profiling of thylakoid membrane proteins in the Crltd1 mutant showed a more severe reduction in the levels of photosystem I (PSI) core proteins and absence of functional LHCI compared with those of photosystem II, resulting in a much smaller PSI pool size and diminished chlorophyll antenna size. The lack of CrLTD did not prevent photoautotrophic growth of the cells. These results are substantially different from those for Arabidopsis ltd null mutant, indicating LTD function in LHCP delivery and PSI assembly may not be as stringent in C. reinhardtii as it is in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Jeong
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangryul Baek
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Henning Kirst
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - Nico Betterle
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - Woongghi Shin
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California USA
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Evaluation of photosynthetic activities in thylakoid membranes by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ryeol Whang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenbergerstraße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Dogukan Hazar Apaydin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenbergerstraße 69 4040 Linz Austria
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28
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Murakami K, Matsuda R, Fujiwara K. Quantification of excitation energy distribution between photosystems based on a mechanistic model of photosynthetic electron transport. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:148-159. [PMID: 28548208 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Absorbed light energy is converted into excitation energy. The excitation energy is distributed to photosystems depending on the wavelength and drives photochemical reactions. A non-destructive, mechanistic and quantitative method for estimating the fraction of the excitation energy distributed to photosystem II (f) was developed. For the f values for two simultaneously provided actinic lights (ALs) with different spectral distributions to be estimated, photochemical yields of the photosystems were measured under the ALs and were then fitted to an electron transport model assuming the balance between the electron transport rates through the photosystems. For the method to be tested using leaves with different properties in terms of the long-term and short-term acclimation (adjustment of photosystem stoichiometry and state transition, respectively), the f values for red and far-red light (R and FR) were estimated in leaves grown (~1 week) under white light without and with supplemental FR and adapted (~10 min) to R without and with supplemental FR. The f values for R were clearly greater than those for FR and those of leaves grown with and adapted to supplemental FR tended to be higher than the controls. These results are consistent with previous studies and therefore support the validity of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keach Murakami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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29
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Perin G, Simionato D, Bellan A, Carone M, Occhipinti A, Maffei ME, Morosinotto T. Cultivation in industrially relevant conditions has a strong influence on biological properties and performances of Nannochloropsis gaditana genetically modified strains. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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30
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A mathematical model to guide genetic engineering of photosynthetic metabolism. Metab Eng 2017; 44:337-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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31
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Zlenko DV, Galochkina TV, Krasilnikov PM, Stadnichuk IN. Coupled rows of PBS cores and PSII dimers in cyanobacteria: symmetry and structure. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:245-260. [PMID: 28365856 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisome (PBS) is a giant water-soluble photosynthetic antenna transferring the energy of absorbed light mainly to the photosystem II (PSII) in cyanobacteria. Under the low light conditions, PBSs and PSII dimers form coupled rows where each PBS is attached to the cytoplasmic surface of PSII dimer, and PBSs come into contact with their face surfaces (state 1). The model structure of the PBS core that we have developed earlier by comparison and combination of different fine allophycocyanin crystals, as reported in Zlenko et al. (Photosynth Res 130(1):347-356, 2016b), provides a natural way of the PBS core face-to-face stacking. According to our model, the structure of the protein-protein contact between the neighboring PBS cores in the rows is the same as the contact between the APC hexamers inside the PBS core. As a result, the rates of energy transfer between the cores can occur, and the row of PBS cores acts as an integral PBS "supercore" providing energy transfer between the individual PBS cores. The PBS cores row pitch in our elaborated model (12.4 nm) is very close to the PSII dimers row pitch obtained by the electron microscopy (12.2 nm) that allowed to unite a model of the PBS cores row with a model of the PSII dimers row. Analyzing the resulting model, we have determined the most probable locations of ApcD and ApcE terminal emitter subunits inside the bottom PBS core cylinders and also revealed the chlorophyll molecules of PSII gathering energy from the PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Zlenko
- Biological Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 1/12, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya St, 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276.
| | - Tatiana V Galochkina
- Biological Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 1/12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- INRIA Team Dracula, INRIA Antenne Lyon la Doua, 69603, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pavel M Krasilnikov
- Biological Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, 1/12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya St, 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Igor N Stadnichuk
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya St, 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
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Sakuraba Y, Kim EY, Han SH, Piao W, An G, Todaka D, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Paek NC. Rice Phytochrome-Interacting Factor-Like1 (OsPIL1) is involved in the promotion of chlorophyll biosynthesis through feed-forward regulatory loops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4103-4114. [PMID: 28922754 PMCID: PMC5853433 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In phototrophic plants, the highly conserved and tightly regulated process of chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis comprises multi-step reactions involving more than 15 enzymes. Since the efficiency of Chl biosynthesis strongly affects plant productivity, understanding the underlying regulatory mechanisms in crop plants can be useful for strategies to increase grain and biomass yields. Here, we show that rice (Oryza sativa) Phytochrome-Interacting Factor-Like1 (OsPIL1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, promotes Chl biosynthesis. The T-DNA insertion knockdown ospil1 mutant showed a pale-green phenotype when grown in a natural paddy field. Transcriptome analysis revealed that several genes responsible for Chl biosynthesis and photosynthesis were significantly down-regulated in ospil1 leaves. Using promoter binding and transactivation assays, we found that OsPIL1 binds to the promoters of two Chl biosynthetic genes, OsPORB and OsCAO1, and promotes their transcription. In addition, OsPIL1 directly up-regulates the expression of two transcription factor genes, GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (OsGLK1) and OsGLK2. OsGLK1 and OsGLK2 both bind to the promoters of OsPORB and OsCAO1, as well as some of genes encoding the light-harvesting complex of photosystems, probably promoting their transcription. Thus, OsPIL1 is involved in the promotion of Chl biosynthesis by up-regulating the transcription of OsPORB and OsCAO1 via trifurcate feed-forward regulatory loops involving two OsGLKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Sakuraba
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Han
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Weilan Piao
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Daisuke Todaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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33
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Moejes FW, Matuszynska A, Adhikari K, Bassi R, Cariti F, Cogne G, Dikaios I, Falciatore A, Finazzi G, Flori S, Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Magni S, Maguire J, Le Monnier A, Müller K, Poolman M, Singh D, Spelberg S, Stella GR, Succurro A, Taddei L, Urbain B, Villanova V, Zabke C, Ebenhöh O. A systems-wide understanding of photosynthetic acclimation in algae and higher plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2667-2681. [PMID: 28830099 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ability of phototrophs to colonise different environments relies on robust protection against oxidative stress, a critical requirement for the successful evolutionary transition from water to land. Photosynthetic organisms have developed numerous strategies to adapt their photosynthetic apparatus to changing light conditions in order to optimise their photosynthetic yield, which is crucial for life on Earth to exist. Photosynthetic acclimation is an excellent example of the complexity of biological systems, where highly diverse processes, ranging from electron excitation over protein protonation to enzymatic processes coupling ion gradients with biosynthetic activity, interact on drastically different timescales from picoseconds to hours. Efficient functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus and its protection is paramount for efficient downstream processes, including metabolism and growth. Modern experimental techniques can be successfully integrated with theoretical and mathematical models to promote our understanding of underlying mechanisms and principles. This review aims to provide a retrospective analysis of multidisciplinary photosynthetic acclimation research carried out by members of the Marie Curie Initial Training Project, AccliPhot, placing the results in a wider context. The review also highlights the applicability of photosynthetic organisms for industry, particularly with regards to the cultivation of microalgae. It intends to demonstrate how theoretical concepts can successfully complement experimental studies broadening our knowledge of common principles in acclimation processes in photosynthetic organisms, as well as in the field of applied microalgal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Wanjiku Moejes
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork, Ireland P75 AX07
| | - Anna Matuszynska
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kailash Adhikari
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Bassi
- University of Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Italy
| | - Federica Cariti
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble 38100, France
| | - Serena Flori
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble 38100, France
| | | | - Stefano Magni
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julie Maguire
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork, Ireland P75 AX07
| | | | - Kathrin Müller
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark Poolman
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork, Ireland P75 AX07
| | - Dipali Singh
- Bantry Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork, Ireland P75 AX07
| | - Stephanie Spelberg
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Giulio Rocco Stella
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Antonella Succurro
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucilla Taddei
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Brieuc Urbain
- LUNAM, University of Nantes, GEPEA, UMR-CNRS 6144, France
| | | | | | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute of Quantitative and Theoretical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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34
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Kirst H, Gabilly ST, Niyogi KK, Lemaux PG, Melis A. Photosynthetic antenna engineering to improve crop yields. PLANTA 2017; 245:1009-1020. [PMID: 28188423 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Evidence shows that decreasing the light-harvesting antenna size of the photosystems in tobacco helps to increase the photosynthetic productivity and plant canopy biomass accumulation under high-density cultivation conditions. Decreasing, or truncating, the chlorophyll antenna size of the photosystems can theoretically improve photosynthetic solar energy conversion efficiency and productivity in mass cultures of algae or plants by up to threefold. A Truncated Light-harvesting chlorophyll Antenna size (TLA), in all classes of photosynthetic organisms, would help to alleviate excess absorption of sunlight and the ensuing wasteful non-photochemical dissipation of excitation energy. Thus, solar-to-biomass energy conversion efficiency and photosynthetic productivity in high-density cultures can be increased. Applicability of the TLA concept was previously shown in green microalgae and cyanobacteria, but it has not yet been demonstrated in crop plants. In this work, the TLA concept was applied in high-density tobacco canopies. The work showed a 25% improvement in stem and leaf biomass accumulation for the TLA tobacco canopies over that measured with their wild-type counterparts grown under the same ambient conditions. Distinct canopy appearance differences are described between the TLA and wild type tobacco plants. Findings are discussed in terms of concept application to crop plants, leading to significant improvements in agronomy, agricultural productivity, and application of photosynthesis for the generation of commodity products in crop leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kirst
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, MC-3102, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Stéphane T Gabilly
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, MC-3102, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, MC-3102, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peggy G Lemaux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, MC-3102, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, MC-3102, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA.
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35
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Tian Y, Ungerer P, Zhang H, Ruban AV. Direct impact of the sustained decline in the photosystem II efficiency upon plant productivity at different developmental stages. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 212:45-53. [PMID: 28260626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of chronic photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) on the productivity of plants remains unknown. The present study investigated the influences of persistent decline in the PSII yield on morphology and productivity of Arabidopsis plants that were exposed to lincomycin at two different developmental stages (seedling and rosette stage). The results indicated that, although retarded, the lincomycin treated plants were able to accomplish the entire growth period with only 50% of the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) of the control plants. The decline in quantum yield limited the electron transport rate (ETR). The impact of lincomycin on NPQ was not significant in seedlings, but was pronounced in mature plants. The treated plants produced an above ground biomass of 50% compared to control plants. Moreover, a linear relationship was found between the above ground biomass and total rosette leaf area, and the slope was decreased due to photoinhibition. The starch accumulation was highly inhibited by lincomycin treatment. Lincomycin induced a significant decrease in seed yield with plants treated from the rosette state showing higher yield than those treated from the seedling stage. Our data suggest that the sustained decline of PSII efficiency decreases plant productivity by constraining the ETR, leaf development and starch production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Tian
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Petra Ungerer
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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36
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Nozue H, Oono K, Ichikawa Y, Tanimura S, Shirai K, Sonoike K, Nozue M, Hayashida N. Significance of structural variation in thylakoid membranes in maintaining functional photosystems during reproductive growth. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:111-123. [PMID: 27859364 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural variation in the stroma-grana (SG) arrangement of the thylakoid membranes, such as changes in the thickness of the grana stacks and in the ratio between grana and inter-grana thylakoid, is often observed. Broadly, such alterations are considered acclimation to changes in growth and the environment. However, the relation of thylakoid morphology to plant growth and photosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we report changes in the thylakoid during leaf development under a fixed light condition. Histological studies on the chloroplasts of fresh green Arabidopsis leaves have shown that characteristically shaped thylakoid membranes lacking the inter-grana region, referred to hereafter as isolated-grana (IG), occurred adjacent to highly ordered, large grana layers. This morphology was restored to conventional SG thylakoid membranes with the removal of bolting stems from reproductive plants. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation between the incidences of IG-type chloroplasts in mesophyll cells and the rates of leaf growth. Fluorescence parameters calculated from pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry measurements and CO2 assimilation data showed that the IG thylakoids had a photosynthetic ability that was equivalent to that of the SG thylakoids under moderate light. However, clear differences were observed in the chlorophyll a/b ratio. The IG thylakoids were apparently an acclimated phenotype to the internal condition of source leaves. The idea is supported by the fact that the life span of the IG thylakoids increased significantly in the later developing leaves. In conclusion, the heterogeneous state of thylakoid membranes is likely important in maintaining photosynthesis during the reproductive phase of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsumi Nozue
- Research Center for Advanced Plant Factory (SU-PLAF), Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kaori Oono
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | | | - Shun Tanimura
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kana Shirai
- Research Center for Advanced Plant Factory (SU-PLAF), Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nozue
- Research Center for Advanced Plant Factory (SU-PLAF), Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Hayashida
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
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37
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MURAKAMI K, MATSUDA R, FUJIWARA K. A Basis for Selecting Light Spectral Distribution for Evaluating Leaf Photosynthetic Rates of Plants Grown under Different Light Spectral Distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2525/ecb.55.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keach MURAKAMI
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryo MATSUDA
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuhiro FUJIWARA
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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38
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Řezanka T, Kaineder K, Mezricky D, Řezanka M, Bišová K, Zachleder V, Vítová M. The effect of lanthanides on photosynthesis, growth, and chlorophyll profile of the green alga Desmodesmus quadricauda. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:335-346. [PMID: 27113221 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanides (La, Gd, Nd, Ce) accumulated in the green alga Desmodesmus quadricauda but their intracellular localizations were distinctly different: lanthanum and gadolinium were localized in cytoplasm, while neodymium and cerium were in the chloroplast. The effect of lanthanum and neodymium, as representatives of these two groups, on growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate at different light intensities was studied. At the lowest light intensity used (50 µmol photons m-2 s-1), in the presence of lanthanides (Nd), growth was enhanced by as much as 36 % over lanthanide free control, and the photosynthetic rate increased by up to 300 %. At high light intensities (238, 460, and 750 µmol photons m-2 s-1), photosynthetic rate increased markedly, but there was no significant difference between rates in the presence or absence of lanthanides. However, growth, measured as a percentage of dry weight, if compared with lanthanide free control, increased at all light intensities (31, 39, and 20 %, respectively). The total amount of chlorophyll after lanthanide treatment increased by up to 21 % relative to the control culture, mainly due to an increase in the level of chlorophyll b. Addition of lanthanides caused a change in the chlorophyll a/b ratio from 4.583 in control cultivation, to 1.05. Possible mechanisms of lanthanide-induced photosynthetic change, alterations in photosynthetic structures, and increases in growth are discussed and compared with findings in higher plants. The hypothesis that the lanthanide effect could be due to formation of lanthanide-pheophytins was not confirmed as lanthanide pheophytins were not found in D. quadricauda. Furthermore, we have shown that the preferential incorporation of heavy isotopes of magnesium, namely 25Mg and 26Mg, into chlorophyll during photosynthesis that occurred in controls was diminished in the presence of lanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katrin Kaineder
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse1, A-3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Dana Mezricky
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse1, A-3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bišová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Zachleder
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Vítová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic.
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Zlenko DV, Krasilnikov PM, Stadnichuk IN. Structural modeling of the phycobilisome core and its association with the photosystems. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:347-356. [PMID: 27121945 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The phycobilisome (PBS) is a major light-harvesting complex in cyanobacteria and red algae. To obtain the detailed structure of the hemidiscoidal PBS core composed of allophycocyanin (APC) and minor polypeptide components, we analyzed all nine available 3D structures of APCs from different photosynthetic species and found several variants of crystal packing that potentially correspond to PBS core organization. Combination of face-to-face APC trimer crystal packing with back-to-back APC hexamer packing suggests two variants of the tricylindrical PBS core. To choose one of these structures, a computational model of the PBS core complex and photosystem II (PSII) dimer with minimized distance between the terminal PBS emitters and neighboring antenna chlorophylls was built. In the selected model, the distance between two types of pigments does not exceed 37 Å corresponding to the Förster mechanism of energy transfer. We also propose a model of PBS and photosystem I (PSI) monomer interaction showing a possibility of supercomplex formation and direct energy transfer from the PBS to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Zlenko
- Biological faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin hills, 1/12, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Pavel M Krasilnikov
- Biological faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin hills, 1/12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Igor N Stadnichuk
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya st, 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
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Hüner NPA, Dahal K, Bode R, Kurepin LV, Ivanov AG. Photosynthetic acclimation, vernalization, crop productivity and 'the grand design of photosynthesis'. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 203:29-43. [PMID: 27185597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Daniel Arnon first proposed the notion of a 'grand design of photosynthesis' in 1982 to illustrate the central role of photosynthesis as the primary energy transformer for all life on Earth. However, we suggest that this concept can be extended to the broad impact of photosynthesis not only in global energy transformation but also in the regulation of plant growth, development, survival and crop productivity through chloroplast redox signalling. We compare and contrast the role of chloroplast redox imbalance, measured as excitation pressure, in governing acclimation to abiotic stress and phenotypic plasticity. Although all photoautrophs sense excessive excitation energy through changes in excitation pressure, the response to this chloroplast redox signal is species dependent. Due to a limited capacity to adjust metabolic sinks, cyanobacteria and green algae induce photoprotective mechanisms which dissipate excess excitation energy at a cost of decreased photosynthetic performance. In contrast, terrestrial, cold tolerant plants such as wheat enhance metabolic sink capacity which leads to enhanced photosynthetic performance and biomass accumulation with minimal dependence on photoprotection. We suggest that the family of nuclear C-repeat binding transcription factors (CBFs) associated with the frost resistance locus, FR2, contiguous with the vernalization locus,VRN1, and mapped to chromosome 5A of wheat, may be critical components that link leaf chloroplast redox regulation to enhanced photosynthetic performance, the accumulation of growth-active gibberellins and the dwarf phenotype during cold acclimation prior to the vegetative to reproductive transition controlled by vernalization in winter cereals. Further genetic, molecular and biochemical research to confirm these links and to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which chloroplast redox modulation of CBF expression leads to enhanced photosynthetic performance is required. Because of the superior abiotic stress tolerance of cold tolerant winter wheat and seed yields that historically exceed those of spring wheat by 30-40%, we discuss the potential to exploit winter cereals for the maintenance or perhaps even the enhancement of cereal productivity under future climate change scenarios that will be required to feed a growing human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rainer Bode
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid V Kurepin
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
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Shan Y, Liu Y, Yang L, Nie H, Shen S, Dong C, Bai Y, Sun Q, Zhao J, Liu H. Lipid profiling of cyanobacteriaSynechococcussp. PCC 7002 using two-dimensional liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3745-3753. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Shan
- Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; National Research Center for Geoanalysis; Beijing China
- Institute of analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Yiqun Liu
- State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Sciences, School of Life Science; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Honggang Nie
- Analytical Instrumentation Center; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Sensen Shen
- Institute of analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Chunxia Dong
- State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Sciences, School of Life Science; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Yu Bai
- Institute of analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Qing Sun
- Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; National Research Center for Geoanalysis; Beijing China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- State Key Lab of Protein and Plant Sciences, School of Life Science; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Institute of analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
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Dumas L, Chazaux M, Peltier G, Johnson X, Alric J. Cytochrome b 6 f function and localization, phosphorylation state of thylakoid membrane proteins and consequences on cyclic electron flow. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:307-320. [PMID: 27534565 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Both the structure and the protein composition of thylakoid membranes have an impact on light harvesting and electron transfer in the photosynthetic chain. Thylakoid membranes form stacks and lamellae where photosystem II and photosystem I localize, respectively. Light-harvesting complexes II can be associated to either PSII or PSI depending on the redox state of the plastoquinone pool, and their distribution is governed by state transitions. Upon state transitions, the thylakoid ultrastructure and lateral distribution of proteins along the membrane are subject to significant rearrangements. In addition, quinone diffusion is limited to membrane microdomains and the cytochrome b 6 f complex localizes either to PSII-containing grana stacks or PSI-containing stroma lamellae. Here, we discuss possible similarities or differences between green algae and C3 plants on the functional consequences of such heterogeneities in the photosynthetic electron transport chain and propose a model in which quinones, accepting electrons either from PSII (linear flow) or NDH/PGR pathways (cyclic flow), represent a crucial control point. Our aim is to give an integrated description of these processes and discuss their potential roles in the balance between linear and cyclic electron flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Dumas
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Marie Chazaux
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Jean Alric
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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Bode R, Ivanov AG, Hüner NPA. Global transcriptome analyses provide evidence that chloroplast redox state contributes to intracellular as well as long-distance signalling in response to stress and acclimation in Arabidopsis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 128:287-312. [PMID: 27021769 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Global transcriptome analyses were used to assess the interactive effects of short-term stress versus long-term acclimation to high light (HL), low temperature (LT) and excitation pressure in Arabidopsis. Microarray analyses indicated that exposure to stress resulted in two times as many modulated transcripts in both, high-light-treated and low-temperature-treated plants, compared to plants that were fully acclimated to either one of these conditions. We showed that 10.9 % of all transcripts were regulated in the same way by both stress conditions, and hence, were categorized as excitation pressure regulated, rather than regulated by either high-light or low-temperature stress per se. This group of chloroplast redox-sensitive genes included various photosynthetic genes as well as genes known to be associated with cold acclimation (cbf3, cor15A, cor15B) and gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism and signalling (ga2ox1, gai). Chemical inhibition of the photosynthetic electron transport by either DCMU or DBMIB indicated that although the plastoquinone pool contributes significantly to redox regulation of the transcriptome (8.6 %), it appears that PSI represents the major source of redox signals (89 %), whereas PSII appears to contribute only 3.1 %. A comparison of the gene expression profiles between stress and acclimated plants indicated that 10 % of the genes induced by a short, 1-h stress were also associated with long-term acclimation to high excitation pressure. This included the APETALA2/ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE-BINDING PROTEIN family, the MYB domain- and MYB-related transcription factor family as well as the GRAS transcription factor family important in GA signalling confirming that acclimation to stress is a time-nested phenomenon. We suggest that acclimation to photosynthetic redox imbalance extends beyond the chloroplast and the leaf cell to systemic ROS signalling. This is discussed in terms of the control of plant phenotype through regulation of the nuclear encoded cbf regulon and GA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Bode
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology - Physiology of Plants, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Endo K, Mizusawa N, Shen JR, Yamada M, Tomo T, Komatsu H, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi K, Wada H. Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acid residues of D1 protein interacting with phosphatidylglycerol affects the function of plastoquinone QB in photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:385-97. [PMID: 25921208 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent X-ray crystallographic analysis of photosystem (PS) II at 1.9-Å resolution identified 20 lipid molecules in the complex, five of which are phosphatidylglycerol (PG). In this study, we mutagenized amino acid residues S232 and N234 of D1, which interact with two of the PG molecules (PG664 and PG694), by site-directed mutagenesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to investigate the role of the interaction in PSII. The serine and asparagine residues at positions 232 and 234 from the N-terminus were mutagenized to alanine and aspartic acid, respectively, and a mutant carrying both amino acid substitutions was also produced. Although the obtained mutants, S232A, N234D, and S232AN234D, exhibited normal growth, they showed decreased photosynthetic activities and slower electron transport from QA to QB than the control strain. Thermoluminescence analysis suggested that this slower electron transfer in the mutants was caused by more negative redox potential of QB, but not in those of QA and S2. In addition, the levels of extrinsic proteins, PsbV and PsbU, were decreased in PSII monomer purified from the S232AN234D mutant, while that of Psb28 was increased. In the S232AN234D mutant, the content of PG in PSII was slightly decreased, whereas that of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was increased compared with the control strain. These results suggest that the interactions of S232 and N234 with PG664 and PG694 are important to maintain the function of QB and to stabilize the binding of extrinsic proteins to PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichiro Endo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naoki Mizusawa
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
- Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-0003, Japan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masato Yamada
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Komatsu
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masami Kobayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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Ivanov AG, Morgan-Kiss RM, Krol M, Allakhverdiev SI, Zanev Y, Sane PV, Huner NPA. Photoinhibition of photosystem I in a pea mutant with altered LHCII organization. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2015; 152:335-46. [PMID: 26321219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed that photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of leaves of the Costata 2/133 pea mutant with altered pigment composition and decreased level of oligomerization of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes (LHCII) of PSII (Dobrikova et al., 2000; Ivanov et al., 2005) did not differ from that of WT. In contrast, photosystem I (PSI) activity of the Costata 2/133 mutant measured by the far-red (FR) light inducible P700 (P700(+)) signal exhibited 39% lower steady state level of P700(+), a 2.2-fold higher intersystem electron pool size (e(-)/P700) and higher rate of P700(+) re-reduction, which indicate an increased capacity for PSI cyclic electron transfer (CET) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than WT. The mutant also exhibited a limited capacity for state transitions. The lower level of oxidizable P700 (P700(+)) is consistent with a lower amount of PSI related chlorophyll protein complexes and lower abundance of the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer, PsaD and Lhca1 polypeptides in Costata 2/133 mutant. Exposure of WT and the Costata 2/133 mutant to high light stress resulted in a comparable photoinhibition of PSII measured in vivo, although the decrease of Fv/Fm was modestly higher in the mutant plants. However, under the same photoinhibitory conditions PSI photochemistry (P700(+)) measured as ΔA820-860 was inhibited to a greater extent (50%) in the Costata 2/133 mutant than in the WT (22%). This was accompanied by a 50% faster re-reduction rate of P700(+) in the dark indicating a higher capacity for CET around PSI in high light treated mutant leaves. The role of chloroplast thylakoid organization on the stability of the PSI complex and its susceptibility to high light stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - R M Morgan-Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E. High Street, Oxford, OH 45045, USA
| | - M Krol
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - S I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zanev
- Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P V Sane
- Jain Irrigation Systems Limited, Jain Hills, Jalgaon 425001, India
| | - N P A Huner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Xu DQ, Chen Y, Chen GY. Light-harvesting regulation from leaf to molecule with the emphasis on rapid changes in antenna size. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:137-158. [PMID: 25773873 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the sunlight-fluctuating environment, plants often encounter both light-deficiency and light-excess cases. Therefore, regulation of light harvesting is absolutely essential for photosynthesis in order to maximize light utilization at low light and avoid photodamage of the photosynthetic apparatus at high light. Plants have developed a series of strategies of light-harvesting regulation during evolution. These strategies include rapid responses such as leaf movement and chloroplast movement, state transitions, and reversible dissociation of some light-harvesting complex of the photosystem II (LHCIIs) from PSII core complexes, and slow acclimation strategies such as changes in the protein abundance of light-harvesting antenna and modifications of leaf morphology, structure, and compositions. This review discusses successively these strategies and focuses on the rapid change in antenna size, namely reversible dissociation of some peripheral light-harvesting antennas (LHCIIs) from PSII core complex. It is involved in protective role and species dependence of the dissociation, differences between the dissociation and state transitions, relationship between the dissociation and thylakoid protein phosphorylation, and possible mechanism for thermal dissipation by the dissociated LHCIIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Quan Xu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Erickson E, Wakao S, Niyogi KK. Light stress and photoprotection in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:449-465. [PMID: 25758978 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants and algae require light for photosynthesis, but absorption of too much light can lead to photo-oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and sustained decreases in the efficiency and rate of photosynthesis (photoinhibition). Light stress can adversely affect growth and viability, necessitating that photosynthetic organisms acclimate to different environmental conditions in order to alleviate the detrimental effects of excess light. The model unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, employs diverse strategies of regulation and photoprotection to avoid, minimize, and repair photo-oxidative damage in stressful light conditions, allowing for acclimation to different and changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Erickson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Setsuko Wakao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Wiciarz M, Gubernator B, Kruk J, Niewiadomska E. Enhanced chloroplastic generation of H2O2 in stress-resistant Thellungiella salsuginea in comparison to Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:467-76. [PMID: 24961163 PMCID: PMC4359041 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to find some basis of salinity resistance in the chloroplastic metabolism, a halophytic Thellungiella salsuginea was compared with glycophytic Arabidopsis thaliana. In control T.s. plants the increased ratios of chlorophyll a/b and of fluorescence emission at 77 K (F730 /F685 ) were documented, in comparison to A.t.. This was accompanied by a higher YII and lower NPQ (non-photochemical quenching) values, and by a more active PSI (photosystem I). Another prominent feature of the photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in T.s. was the intensive production of H2 O2 from PQ (plastoquinone) pool. Salinity treatment (0.15 and 0.30 M NaCl for A.t. and T.s., respectively) led to a decrease in ratios of chl a/b and F730 /F685 . In A.t., a salinity-driven enhancement of YII and NPQ was found, in association with the stimulation of H2 O2 production from PQ pool. In contrast, in salinity-treated T.s., these variables were similar as in controls. The intensive H2 O2 generation was accompanied by a high activity of PTOX (plastid terminal oxidase), whilst inhibition of this enzyme led to an increased H2 O2 formation. It is hypothesized, that the intensive H2 O2 generation from PQ pool might be an important element of stress preparedness in Thellungiella plants. In control T.s. plants, a higher activation state of carboxylase ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) was also documented in concert with the attachment of Rubisco activase (RCA) to the thylakoid membranes. It is supposed, that a closer contact of RCA with PSI in T.s. enables a more efficient Rubisco activation than in A.t.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wiciarz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Gubernator
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Niewiadomska
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences30-239, Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence*Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Perin G, Bellan A, Segalla A, Meneghesso A, Alboresi A, Morosinotto T. Generation of random mutants to improve light-use efficiency of Nannochloropsis gaditana cultures for biofuel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:161. [PMID: 26413160 PMCID: PMC4583171 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The productivity of an algal culture depends on how efficiently it converts sunlight into biomass and lipids. Wild-type algae in their natural environment evolved to compete for light energy and maximize individual cell growth; however, in a photobioreactor, global productivity should be maximized. Improving light use efficiency is one of the primary aims of algae biotechnological research, and genetic engineering can play a major role in attaining this goal. RESULTS In this work, we generated a collection of Nannochloropsis gaditana mutant strains and screened them for alterations in the photosynthetic apparatus. The selected mutant strains exhibited diverse phenotypes, some of which are potentially beneficial under the specific artificial conditions of a photobioreactor. Particular attention was given to strains showing reduced cellular pigment contents, and further characterization revealed that some of the selected strains exhibited improved photosynthetic activity; in at least one case, this trait corresponded to improved biomass productivity in lab-scale cultures. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that genetic modification of N. gaditana has the potential to generate strains with improved biomass productivity when cultivated under the artificial conditions of a photobioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Perin
- />Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bellan
- />Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
- />Centro studi di economia e tecnica dell’energia Giorgio Levi Cases, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Segalla
- />Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Meneghesso
- />Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Alboresi
- />Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- />Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Kalaji HM, Schansker G, Ladle RJ, Goltsev V, Bosa K, Allakhverdiev SI, Brestic M, Bussotti F, Calatayud A, Dąbrowski P, Elsheery NI, Ferroni L, Guidi L, Hogewoning SW, Jajoo A, Misra AN, Nebauer SG, Pancaldi S, Penella C, Poli D, Pollastrini M, Romanowska-Duda ZB, Rutkowska B, Serôdio J, Suresh K, Szulc W, Tambussi E, Yanniccari M, Zivcak M. Frequently asked questions about in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence: practical issues. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:121-58. [PMID: 25119687 PMCID: PMC4210649 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this educational review is to provide practical information on the hardware, methodology, and the hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence technology. We present the paper in a question and answer format like frequently asked questions. Although nearly all information on the application of Chl a fluorescence can be found in the literature, it is not always easily accessible. This paper is primarily aimed at scientists who have some experience with the application of Chl a fluorescence but are still in the process of discovering what it all means and how it can be used. Topics discussed are (among other things) the kind of information that can be obtained using different fluorescence techniques, the interpretation of Chl a fluorescence signals, specific applications of these techniques, and practical advice on different subjects, such as on the length of dark adaptation before measurement of the Chl a fluorescence transient. The paper also provides the physiological background for some of the applied procedures. It also serves as a source of reference for experienced scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gert Schansker
- Avenue des Amazones 2, 1226 Chêne-Bougeries, Switzerland
| | - Richard J. Ladle
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Praça Afrânio Jorge, s/n, Prado, Maceió, AL Brazil
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr. Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karolina Bosa
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276 Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Piotr Dąbrowski
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nabil I. Elsheery
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, 452 001 M.P India
| | - Amarendra N. Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, C de Vera sn, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - DorothyBelle Poli
- Department of Biology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem, VA 24153 USA
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Beata Rutkowska
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - João Serôdio
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kancherla Suresh
- Directorate of Oil Palm Research, West Godavari Dt., Pedavegi, 534 450 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Wiesław Szulc
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eduardo Tambussi
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, 327 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Yanniccari
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, 327 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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