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Ma TW, Wen YJ, Song XP, Hu HL, Li Y, Bai H, Zhao MC, Gao L. Puerarin inhibits the development of osteoarthritis through antiinflammatory and antimatrix-degrading pathways in osteoarthritis-induced rat model. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2579-2593. [PMID: 33350519 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavone isolated from the medicinal plant Pueraria lobata. The purpose of this study was to study the antiinflammatory and antimatrix-degrading effects of puerarin in a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model and its protective effects on joints. The rat OA model was established by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) surgery. Rats (n = 40) were divided into nontreated OA, OA + celecoxib (2.86 mg/kg), OA + puerarin (50 and 100 mg/kg), and control groups. Two weeks after surgical induction, puerarin was administered by gavage daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, macroscopic observation and histopathological images showed that cartilage damage was reduced after puerarin and celecoxib treatment, the intensity of Safranin O staining was high, and the OARSI scores were significantly reduced compared to the OA group. Puerarin reduced the expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, and COX-2 in the cartilage tissue of ACLT rats, inhibited the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α inflammatory factors, increased Type II collagen content, and altered the expression of serum OA cartilage degradation/bone turnover biomarkers (CTX-I, CTX-II, COMP, and PIINP). Based on these findings, we speculate that puerarin supplement to attain recovery from OA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Wen Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Jing Wen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Long Hu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming-Chao Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Ren J, Wei W, Tan L, Yang Q, Lu Q, Ding H, Yue Y, Tian Y, Hao L, Wang M, Li J. Inhibition of regulator of G protein signaling 10, aggravates rheumatoid arthritis progression by promoting NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:236-246. [PMID: 33836352 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthropathy, with evidence pointing to an immune-mediated etiology that propagates chronic inflammation. Although targeted immune therapeutics and aggressive treatment strategies have substantially improved, a complete understanding of the associated pathological mechanisms of the disease remains elusive. This study aimed at investigating whether regulator of G protein signaling 10 (RGS10) could affect rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology by regulating the immune response. A DBA/J1 mouse model of RA was established and evaluated for disease severity. RGS10 expression was inhibited by adeno-associated virus in vivo. Moreover, small interfering RNA was used to downregulate RGS10 expression in raw 264.7 cells in vitro. Results showed that RGS10 inhibition augmented RA severity, and attenuated the increase in expression of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, activated NF-κB signaling pathways were detected following RGS10 inhibition. These results revealed that RGS10 inhibition directly aggravated the RA pathological process by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, RGS10 is a promising novel therapeutic target for RA treatment with a potential clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Handong Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yue
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinle Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Wang J, Song X, Bai H, Ma T, Zhang Z, Li X, Jiang R, Wang G, Fan X, Liu X, Gao L. Effects of baicalein on IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis in rat articular chondrocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90781-90795. [PMID: 29207603 PMCID: PMC5710884 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), activated synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, that promote chondrocyte apoptosis and activate the NF-κB signaling pathway to induce catabolic factors. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of baicalein on IL-1β signaling and NF-κB-regulated gene products in rat chondrocytes. Rat chondrocytes were pretreated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β for 24 h and then co-treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β and 50 μM baicalein for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48h. The expression levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Bcl-2, caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-3, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and SOX-9 were detected by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qPCR). The effects of baicalein on the translocation and phosphorylation of the NF-κB system were studied by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Baicalein stimulated the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and reduced the pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory gene products in chondrocytes. Baicalein promoted SOX-9 expression in a time-dependent manner in chondrocytes. Baicalein inhibited the NF-κB activation that was induced by IL-1β in a time-dependent manner in chondrocytes. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of baicalein are mediated through the inhibition of the translocation of phosphorylated p65 to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwen Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Renli Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Morphine Promotes Tumor Angiogenesis and Increases Breast Cancer Progression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:161508. [PMID: 26064880 PMCID: PMC4433634 DOI: 10.1155/2015/161508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Morphine is considered a highly potent analgesic agent used to relieve suffering of patients with cancer. Several in vitro and in vivo studies showed that morphine also modulates angiogenesis and regulates tumour cell growth. Unfortunately, the results obtained by these studies are still contradictory. In order to better dissect the role of morphine in cancer cell growth and angiogenesis we performed in vitro studies on ER-negative human breast carcinoma cells, MDA.MB231 and in vivo studies on heterotopic mouse model of human triple negative breast cancer, TNBC. We demonstrated that morphine in vitro enhanced the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of MDA.MB231 cells. In vivo studies performed on xenograft mouse model of TNBC revealed that tumours of mice treated with morphine were larger than those observed in other groups. Moreover, morphine was able to enhance the neoangiogenesis. Our data showed that morphine at clinical relevant doses promotes angiogenesis and increases breast cancer progression.
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Tabassum R, Vaibhav K, Shrivastava P, Khan A, Ahmed ME, Ashafaq M, Khan MB, Islam F, Safhi MM, Islam F. Perillyl alcohol improves functional and histological outcomes against ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuation of oxidative stress and repression of COX-2, NOS-2 and NF-κB in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 747:190-9. [PMID: 25240714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Perillyl alcohol (PA) is a monoterpene found in essential oils of mints, cherries, citreous fruits and lemon grass, reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of PA in stroke is still illusive. Since oxidative stress and inflammation play a pivotal role in ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, this study was designed to elucidate the potential effects of PA against I-R induced pathology in rat׳s brain. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h followed by 22h reperfusion in Wistar male rats (250-280g, 14-16 weeks old) induced the behavioral and histological alterations along with exhausted antioxidant status and enhanced inflammatory mediators. However, PA administration (25, 50 and 100mg/kg b.wt orally once daily for 7 days) prior to MCAO significantly attenuated neurological deficits related to flexion test and spontaneous motor activity, improved grip strength and motor coordination in a dose dependent manner. PA treatment also inhibited oxidative stress in MCAO rats as evident from decreased lipid peroxidation and augmented level of reduced glutathione and restored activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase and thus, reduced infarct volume and protected the brain histology after I-R injury. Furthermore, PA markedly suppressed the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF α and IL-6) and down regulated expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in MCAO group. In conclusion, PA mediates neuroprotection against I-R injury via mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation and thus, may be a good therapeutic approach in stroke prone patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Tabassum
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pallavi Shrivastava
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Ejaz Ahmed
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ashafaq
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Badruzzaman Khan
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farah Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammed M Safhi
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhrul Islam
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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The role of morphine in animal models of human cancer: does morphine promote or inhibit the tumor growth? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:258141. [PMID: 24069592 PMCID: PMC3771243 DOI: 10.1155/2013/258141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Morphine, a highly potent analgesic agent, is widely used to relieve pain and suffering of patients with cancer. Additionally, it has been reported that morphine is important in the regulation of cancerous tissue. Morphine relieves pain by acting directly on the central nervous system, although its activities on peripheral tissues are responsible for many adverse side effects. For these reasons, it is very important also to understand the role of morphine in cancer treatment. The published literature reporting the effect of morphine on tumor growth presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that morphine may either promote or inhibit the tumor growth. It has been also demonstrated that morphine modulates angiogenesis which is important for primary tumour growth, invasiveness, and the development of metastasis. This review will focus on the latest findings on the role of morphine in the regulation of cancer cell growth and angiogenesis.
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Botanical Extracts from Rosehip (Rosa canina), Willow Bark (Salix alba), and Nettle Leaf (Urtica dioica) Suppress IL-1β-Induced NF-κB Activation in Canine Articular Chondrocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:509383. [PMID: 22474508 PMCID: PMC3312281 DOI: 10.1155/2012/509383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory mode of action of botanical extracts from rosehip (Rosa canina), willow bark (Salix alba), and nettle leaf (Urtica dioica) in an in vitro model of primary canine articular chondrocytes. Methods. The biological effects of the botanical extracts were studied in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β for up to 72 h. Expression of collagen type II, cartilage-specific proteoglycan (CSPG), β1-integrin, SOX-9, COX-2, and MMP-9 and MMP-13 was examined by western blotting. Results. The botanical extracts suppressed IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation by inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, p65 phosphorylation, and p65 nuclear translocation. These events correlated with downregulation of NF-κB targets including COX-2 and MMPs. The extracts also reversed the IL-1β-induced downregulation of collagen type II, CSPG, β1-integrin, and cartilage-specific transcription factor SOX-9 protein expression. In high-density cultures botanical extracts stimulated new cartilage formation even in the presence of IL-1β. Conclusions. Botanical extracts exerted anti-inflammatory and anabolic effects on chondrocytes. The observed reduction of IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation suggests that further studies are warranted to demonstrate the effectiveness of plant extracts in the treatment of OA and other conditions in which NF-κB plays pathophysiological roles.
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The role of morphine in regulation of cancer cell growth. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 384:221-30. [PMID: 21800094 PMCID: PMC3158334 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Morphine is considered the "gold standard" for relieving pain and is currently one of the most effective drugs available clinically for the management of severe pain associated with cancer. In addition to its use in the treatment of pain, morphine appears to be important in the regulation of neoplastic tissue. Although morphine acts directly on the central nervous system to relieve pain, its activities on peripheral tissues are responsible for many of the secondary complications. Therefore, understanding the impact, other than pain control, of morphine on cancer treatment is extremely important. The effect of morphine on tumor growth is still contradictory, as both growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting effects have been observed. Accumulating evidence suggests that morphine can affect proliferation and migration of tumor cells as well as angiogenesis. Various signaling pathways have been suggested to be involved in these extra-analgesic effects of morphine. Suppression of immune system by morphine is an additional complication. This review provides an update on the influence of morphine on the growth and migration potential of tumor cells.
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A 3D cartilage - inflammatory cell culture system for the modeling of human osteoarthritis. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5581-9. [PMID: 21565399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in the destruction of cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA), with the interaction of multiple mediators, immune cells, fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Current 2D studies in vitro with cell lines, as well as animal models, are limited in terms of providing insight into pathogenic mechanisms related to the human system. Hence, an in vitro human 3D cartilage tissue system was established to study the impact of inflammatory mediators on chondrocytes and matrices as an initial approach to emulating early stages of OA. An in vitro 3D human cartilage tissue system was established by culturing primary chondrocytes in silk protein porous scaffolds up to 21 days in static culture, with and without cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) exposure or with the use of macrophage conditioned medium (MCM). To assess chondrocyte responses, transcript levels, histology and immunohistochemistry were used to assess changes in cell viability and in cartilage matrix composition, including collagen type II and aggrecan. Chondrocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis were assessed via collagen type X and caspase-3. RT-PCR revealed that the cytokines and the MCM regulated matrix-related gene expression of chondrocytes, but with different outcomes. For anabolic-encoding genes, MCM suppressed collagen type II and upregulated aggrecan. In contrast, the cytokines suppressed aggrecan formation and had no effect on collagen type II. For catabolic-encoded genes, both cytokines and MCM upregulated MMP1, MMP3, MMP13 and ADAMTS4, with cytokines preferentially upregulating MMP13 and MCM upregulating ADMTS4. MCM down-regulated ADAMTS5. In addition, MCM stimulation led to hypertrophy and apoptosis of chondrocytes, outcomes not found with the cytokine treatment group. A decrease in aggrecan content with cytokines and MCM stimulation was found, while MCM resulted in greater reduction than the cytokine treatment. The results demonstrated that OA-like features, such as changes in matrix synthesis gene expression, increase of collagense gene expression and loss of aggrecan, were initiated within this 3D chrondrocyte human tissue system upon stimulation of the cultures with cytokines and MCM. MCM was a better inducer of immune-related features of OA, because besides the features found with cytokine stimulation, the MCM treatment also initiated collagen X expression and deposition and apoptosis of chondrocytes, important features of human OA. The results obtained with this new in vitro tissue model provide an initial step towards the development of an early stage OA system to allow for more systematic study and insight into the origins and outcomes with this disease.
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Frasca G, Panico AM, Bonina F, Messina R, Rizza L, Musumeci G, Rapisarda P, Cardile V. Involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the anti-inflammatory effects of a red orange extract in human chondrocytes. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24:1469-80. [PMID: 20812134 DOI: 10.1080/14786410903169987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a complex of compounds (red orange complex, ROC), obtained from three red orange varieties (Citrus sinensis varieties: Moro, Tarocco and Sanguinello), containing cyanidin glycosides, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanone glycosides and ascorbic acid, was screened to discover new lead compounds in the suppression of the production of key molecules released during inflammatory events in interleukin-1beta (IL-beta) stimulated human primary chondrocytes. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX)-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and the release of nitric oxide, prostaglandin (PG)E(2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were determined. Indomethacin was used as an anti-inflammatory drug reference. ROC acts as a potent inhibitor of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression while also suppressing the production of PGE(2) and nitrite in human chondrocytes. In addition, ROC induces a significant decrease in ICAM expression and IL-8 release. These findings suggest that ROC exerts anti-inflammatory effects probably through the suppression of COX-2 and iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Frasca
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen T, Knowles RG, Moilanen E. The role of nitric oxide in osteoarthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 36:247-58. [PMID: 17853003 DOI: 10.1080/03009740701483014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of markers of nitric oxide (NO) production are found in osteoarthritic joints suggesting that NO is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). In OA, NO mediates many of the destructive effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the cartilage, and inhibitors of NO synthesis have demonstrated retardation of clinical and histological signs and symptoms in experimentally induced OA and other forms of arthritis. As an important factor in cartilage, the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and activity, and the effects of NO are reviewed, especially in relation to the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Medical School, University of Tampere and Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Liu J, Du J, Yang S, Qiu X, Liu R, Yi C, Li X. The effects of PDTC on interleukin-1beta-induced nitric oxide production in chondrocytes. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2009; 29:300-3. [PMID: 19513610 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to find new drugs to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production, the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) inhibitor, on recombinant human interleukin-1beta (rhIL-1beta)-induced NO production in chondrocytes were investigated. Rat chondrocytes were isolated and cultured, divided into control, P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 groups. The chondrocytes in the P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 groups were treated with different concentrations of PDTC (0, 3, 10, 30, and 50 micromol/L respectively) for 1 h and then incubated with 5 U/mL rhIL-1beta for 24 h. NO assay kit and RT-PCR were used to detect the NO content and the iNOS mRNA expression in the chondrocytes. The expression level of iNOS mRNA in control, P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 groups was 0.02+/-0.01, 1.24+/-0.13, 1.21+/-0.14, 0.61+/-0.11, 0.40+/-0.09, 0.21+/-0.06, and the relative content of NO was 15.8+/-2.7, 100+/-14.8, 92.6+/-9.3, 68.3+/-14.2, 27.5+/-9.8, 19.8+/-3.6, respectively. In the P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 groups, the expression of iNOS mRNA and NO production were significantly increased as compared with those in the control group. As compared with the P0 group, the expression of iNOS mRNA and NO content in control group were lower. In the P2, P3 and P4 groups, PDTC could significantly inhibit the expression of iNOS and NO production induced by rhIL-1beta in a concentration-dependent manner. It is suggested that PDTC can inhibit NO production and iNOS mRNA expression induced by IL-1beta, which may provide an alternative method for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Arora M, Kumar A, Kaundal RK, Sharma SS. Amelioration of neurological and biochemical deficits by peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 596:77-83. [PMID: 18768138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy, a major complication of diabetes, affects more than 60% of diabetic patients. Recently, involvement of peroxynitrite has been postulated in diabetic neuropathy. In the present study, we have studied the effects of peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts (PDC's)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato iron(III) [FeTPPS] and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrinato iron(III) [FeTMPyP]-in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, with six weeks of untreated diabetes were treated for two weeks with peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts. Diabetic animals showed a significant decrease in motor nerve conduction velocity and nerve blood flow, nociception as evident from decreased tail flick latency (hyperalgesia) and increased paw withdrawal pressure (mechanical allodynia) along with elevation in peroxynitrite and reduction in nerve glutathione levels. Two weeks treatment with PDC's significantly improved all the above stated functional and biochemical deficits. Aftermath of this study advocates the beneficial effects of peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Arora
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by both biochemical and mechanical factors. While the mechanisms that underlie the disease are not completely understood, investigators have characterized a number of catabolic and protective factors that have a role in the disease process. Nitric oxide (NO) and its redox derivatives appear to have a number of different functions in both normal and pathophysiological joint conditions. Until recently, NO was considered a catabolic factor that was responsible for perpetuating the OA disease process by mediating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans and inducing apoptosis. However, recent studies suggest that NO and its redox derivatives may also have protective effects on cartilage. This review will summarize the literature on the effects of NO on cartilage and chondrocytes as well as discuss some evidence that suggests potential protective effects of NO and/or its derivatives on other cell types. More research is needed to elucidate the role of NO and its derivatives on both normal and osteoarthritis cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Abramson
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty and Academic Affairs, New York University Medical Center School of Medicine and Hospitals Center, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Ottanà R, Maccari R, Ciurleo R, Vigorita MG, Panico AM, Cardile V, Garufi F, Ronsisvalle S. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 5-arylidene-3-hydroxyalkyl-2-phenylimino-4-thiazolidinones with antidegenerative activity on human chondrocyte cultures. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7618-25. [PMID: 17889545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
5-Arylidene-3-hydroxyalkyl-2-phenylimino-4-thiazolidinones (7,8) were synthesized and evaluated for their antidegenerative activity on human chondrocyte cultures stimulated by IL-1beta. This in vitro model has proven to be a useful experimental model to reproduce the mechanisms involved in arthritic diseases. The cell viability, the amount of GAGs, the production of NO and PGE(2) and the inhibition of MMP-3 were measured. Several thiazolidinones 7 and 8 exhibited the ability to block the production or action of the degenerative factors induced by IL-1beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ottanà
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università di Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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16
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COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib prevents chronic morphine-induced promotion of angiogenesis, tumour growth, metastasis and mortality, without compromising analgesia. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:1523-31. [PMID: 17971769 PMCID: PMC2360252 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine and its congener opioids are the main therapy for severe pain in cancer. However, chronic morphine treatment stimulates angiogenesis and tumour growth in mice. We examined if celecoxib (a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor) prevents morphine-induced tumour growth without compromising analgesia. The effect of chronic treatment with celecoxib (by gavage) and/or morphine (subcutaneously), or PBS on tumour prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), COX-2, angiogenesis, tumour growth, metastasis, pain behaviour and survival was determined in a highly invasive SCK breast cancer model in A/J mice. Two weeks of chronic morphine treatment at clinically relevant doses stimulates COX-2 and PGE2 (4.5-fold compared to vehicle alone) and angiogenesis in breast tumours in mice. This is accompanied by increased tumour weight (∼35%) and increased metastasis and reduced survival. Co-administration of celecoxib prevents these morphine-induced effects. In addition, morphine and celecoxib together provided better analgesia than either agent alone. Celecoxib prevents morphine-induced stimulation of COX-2, PGE2, angiogenesis, tumour growth, metastasis and mortality without compromising analgesia in a murine breast cancer model. In fact, the combination provided significantly better analgesia than with morphine or celecoxib alone. Clinical trials of this combination for analgesia in chronic and severe pain in cancer are warranted.
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Jiang J, Tran L, Vasudevan H, Xia Z, Yuen VG, McNeill JH. Endothelin-1 blockade prevents COX2 induction and TXA2 production in the fructose hypertensive rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 85:422-9. [PMID: 17612651 DOI: 10.1139/y06-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Feeding rats with a high fructose diet results in insulin resistance and hypertension. Fructose-hypertensive rats (FHR) have increased vascular levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane (TXA2). We have previously shown that chronic treatment with either the dual endothelin receptor blocker, bosentan, or the thromboxane synthase inhibitor, dazmegrel, prevented fructose-induced increases in blood pressure, suggesting that both ET-1 and TXA2 play important roles in the development of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance-associated hypertension. In this study, we investigated the potential interrelationship between ET-1 and TXA2 in the development of fructose-induced hypertension in vivo. Male Wistar rats were fed on a high fructose diet for 9 weeks. Either bosentan or dazmegrel treatment (daily by oral gavage) was initiated 3 weeks after the start of fructose feeding for a total duration of 6 weeks. At the end of drug treatment, blood and aorta were collected from each animal. Plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable TXA2 metabolite, increased significantly in FHR and was reduced to control level by both chronic bosentan and dazmegrel treatment. Protein expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) was elevated significantly in FHR aortas and treatment with bosentan and dazmegrel corrected these changes. These results indicate that the actions of ET-1 in the aorta of FHR may be mediated through COX2-derived TXA2. Bosentan may prevent the development of hypertension in fructose-fed rats through inhibition of COX2 induction and subsequently the reduction in plasma TXA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Jiang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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18
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Panico AM, Cardile V, Gentile B, Garufi F, Avondo S, Ronsisvalle S. "In vitro" differences among (R) and (S) enantiomers of profens in their activities related to articular pathophysiology. Inflammation 2007; 29:119-28. [PMID: 17089192 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-006-9003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An important group of non steroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have been used for the symptomatic treatment of various forms of arthritis, are the 2-arylpropionic acid derivatives, 'profens'. By virtue of a chiral carbon atom on the propionic acid side chain, they exist as enantiomeric pairs. Whereas the S (+) enantiomer could be represented as an effective, but unselective COX inhibitor, the R (-) enantiomer could be much less active in this respect. However, recent findings suggest that certain pharmacological effects of profens cannot be attributed exclusively to the S (+) enantiomer. To obtain further insights into the pharmacological effects of profens, this study investigated the influence of pure enantiomers (S), (R), and racemic flurbiprofen and ketoprofen on the production of NO, MMP-3, PGE(2), ROS and GAGs, key molecules involved in cartilage destruction. Our results show that (S) flurbiprofen and ketoprofen decrease, at 1- and 10-microM concentrations, the interleukin-1beta induced cartilage destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Panico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, V.1e A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Lianxu C, Hongti J, Changlong Y. NF-kappaBp65-specific siRNA inhibits expression of genes of COX-2, NOS-2 and MMP-9 in rat IL-1beta-induced and TNF-alpha-induced chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:367-76. [PMID: 16376111 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small interfering RNA (siRNA) triggers RNA interference in mammalian somatic cells. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a transcription factor that is implicated in inflammation and immune activation. This study was to use NF-kappaBp65-specific siRNA to inhibit the expression of genes of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is paralleled with the initiation and progression of cartilage lesions in osteoarthritis (OA) model, in induced chondrocytes, and therefore to explore a new gene therapy for OA. METHODS Western blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to optimize the silencing effects of NF-kappaBp65-specific siRNA in cultured rat chondrocytes, and then to determine the expression of COX-2, NOS-2 and MMP-9 in induced chondrocytes. The activation of NF-kappaB was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Western blot and RT-PCR were subjected to densitometric analysis and then band intensities were also determined. RESULTS The NF-kappaBp65-specific siRNA inhibited the expression of NF-kappaBp65 and activation of NF-kappaB, reducing significantly the expression of COX-2, NOS-2 and MMP-9 induced by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in cultured chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS NF-kappaBp65-specific siRNA can inhibit the expression of COX-2, NOS-2 and MMP-9 in IL-1beta-induced and TNF-alpha-induced chondrocytes. This suggests that NF-kappaBp65-specific siRNA has potential to be a useful, preventive and therapeutic agent for OA at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lianxu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Sun JS, Wu CX, Tsuang YH, Chen LT, Sheu SY. The in vitro effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on chondrocyte metabolism. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:238-49. [PMID: 16297642 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on neonatal rat chondrocytes. DESIGN Chondrocytes isolated from neonatal rat cartilage were cultured in three-dimensionally agarose beads and were treated with DHEA. METHODS Primary culture of chondrocytes was harvested from newborn Wistar rats. The DHEA effects on chondrocyte activities were evaluated by analyzing chondrocyte proliferation, matrix protein synthesis, gene expressions of collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3 and -13 (MMP-1, -3 and -13), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-II), and protein synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). RESULTS The DHEA treatment did affect chondrocyte proliferation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis. DHEA suppressed the expression of MMP-1, -3 and -13 genes and PGE2 protein synthesis enhanced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while the COX-II and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expressions were down-regulated by DHEA. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that DHEA has an ability to modulate the imbalance between MMPs and PGE2 in the neonatal chondrocytes which suggest that it has a potential protective role against articular cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Matsuda K, Nakamura S, Matsushita T. Celecoxib inhibits nitric oxide production in chondrocytes of ligament-damaged osteoarthritic rat joints. Rheumatol Int 2006; 26:991-5. [PMID: 16437200 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-006-0107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the direct effects of celecoxib, one of the selective cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) synthesis in cultured osteoarthritic chondrocyte comparing with those of indomethacin. Articular chondrocytes were isolated from rat osteoarthritic knee joint with damaged anterior cruciate ligament and also from the sham knee joint. Chondrocytes were preincubated with or without IL-1 alpha, and were exposed to celecoxib, indomethacin (non-selective COX inhibitor), or nothing. The amounts of NO and PGE2 in culture supernatants of chondrocytes were measured by EIA or the Griess reaction. In a series of experiments preincubated with or without IL-1 alpha and exposed to nothing, PGE2 and NO levels were significantly higher in osteoarthritic chondrocytes than in sham chondrocytes. Celecoxib and indomethacin inhibited the increase of PGE2 in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Celecoxib inhibited and indomethacin did not inhibit the increase of NO levels in osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, 173-8605, Tokyo, Japan.
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Burdan F, Szumilo J, Marzec B, Klepacz R, Dudka J. Skeletal developmental effects of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors administered through organogenesis and fetogenesis in Wistar CRL:(WI)WUBR rats. Toxicology 2005; 216:204-23. [PMID: 16182428 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are the most commonly ingested drugs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prenatal skeletal effect of selective (DFU) and nonselective (tolmetin, ibuprofen, piroxicam) COX-2 inhibitors. All the tested compounds were administered intragastrically to pregnant Wistar rats from 7 to 21 gestation day. The initial dose was set at 8.5mg/kg/dose for tolmetin and ibuprofen, 0.3 and 0.2mg/kg/dose for piroxicam and DFU. The middle dose was increased 10-times. The highest dose, except for ibuprofen, was elevated 100-times. The highest dose for ibuprofen was set at 200mg/kg/dose. Tolmetin and ibuprofen were administered three times a day. Piroxicam and DFU were dosed once daily. After routine teratological examinations, extremities of randomly selected 21-day-old fetuses were taken for histological, immunohistochemical and molecular studies. The proximal femoral epiphyses were separated and their ultrastructure evaluated. The expression of genes coding cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta) and proteins (COX-1, COX-2, cathepsin K, collagen types I, II and X; osteocalcin, osteopontin) was evaluated in femoral epiphyses by RNase Protection Assay and/or immunohistochemically. The articulate development was checked histologically and found undisturbed in any of the experimental groups. The epiphysis of the 21-day-old fetuses, presented physiological expression of COX-1 and COX-2, as well as cathepsin K, collagen types I, II and X; osteopontin, osteocalcin and TNF-alpha. Increased developmental skeletal variation was noted in groups exposed to the highest dose of nonselective drugs. Unlike the increased number of skeletal variations observed in fetuses exposed to highest doses of nonselective compounds, both groups of COX inhibitors did not disturb joint formation and morphology of femoral epiphyses when administered even in high maternal toxic doses.
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Bianchi A, Moulin D, Sebillaud S, Koufany M, Galteau MM, Netter P, Terlain B, Jouzeau JY. Contrasting effects of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists on membrane-associated prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 in IL-1beta-stimulated rat chondrocytes: evidence for PPARgamma-independent inhibition by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14prostaglandin J2. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R1325-37. [PMID: 16277686 PMCID: PMC1297580 DOI: 10.1186/ar1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 is a newly identified inducible enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade with a key function in prostaglandin (PG)E2 synthesis. We investigated the kinetics of inducible cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and mPGES-1 expression with respect to the production of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and PGE2 in rat chondrocytes stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-1beta, and compared their modulation by peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists. Real-time PCR analysis showed that IL-1beta induced COX-2 expression maximally (37-fold) at 12 hours and mPGES-1 expression maximally (68-fold) at 24 hours. Levels of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and PGE2 peaked 24 hours after stimulation with IL-1beta; the induction of PGE2 was greater (11-fold versus 70-fold, respectively). The cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-Delta12,14prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) decreased prostaglandin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner (0.1 to 10 microM), with more potency on PGE2 level than on 6-keto-PGF1alpha level (-90% versus -66% at 10 microM). A high dose of 15d-PGJ2 partly decreased COX-2 expression but decreased mPGES-1 expression almost completely at both the mRNA and protein levels. Rosiglitazone was poorly effective on these parameters even at 10 microM. Inhibitory effects of 10 microM 15d-PGJ2 were neither reduced by PPARgamma blockade with GW-9662 nor enhanced by PPARgamma overexpression, supporting a PPARgamma-independent mechanism. EMSA and TransAM analyses demonstrated that mutated IkappaBalpha almost completely suppressed the stimulating effect of IL-1beta on mPGES-1 expression and PGE2 production, whereas 15d-PGJ2 inhibited NF-kappaB transactivation. These data demonstrate the following in IL-1-stimulated rat chondrocytes: first, mPGES-1 is rate limiting for PGE2 synthesis; second, activation of the prostaglandin cascade requires NF-kappaB activation; third, 15d-PGJ2 strongly inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, in contrast with rosiglitazone; fourth, inhibition by 15d-PGJ2 occurs independently of PPARgamma through inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway; fifth, mPGES-1 is the main target of 15d-PGJ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bianchi
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, UMR 7561 CNRS-UHP, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - David Moulin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, UMR 7561 CNRS-UHP, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sylvie Sebillaud
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, UMR 7561 CNRS-UHP, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Meriem Koufany
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, UMR 7561 CNRS-UHP, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Madeleine Galteau
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, UMR 7561 CNRS-UHP, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Netter
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, UMR 7561 CNRS-UHP, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Terlain
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, UMR 7561 CNRS-UHP, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, UMR 7561 CNRS-UHP, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Li J, Chen YJ, Quilley J. Effect of Tempol on Renal Cyclooxygenase Expression and Activity in Experimental Diabetes in the Rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:818-24. [PMID: 15879008 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.076927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression is increased in the streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rat and is associated with enhanced renal prostaglandin release in response to arachidonic acid (AA). Endoperoxide-mediated vasoconstrictor responses to AA were also enhanced in the diabetic rat kidney. Because oxidative stress is increased in diabetes and has been shown to induce COX-2, we assessed its contribution to prostaglandin release by treating diabetic rats with tempol (120 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. Release of AA-stimulated prostaglandins PGE(2) and 6-ketoPGF(1alpha) from the isolated perfused kidney was used as an index of COX activity, and Western analysis was used to determine COX-2 protein expression. In untreated diabetic rats, the release of prostaglandins in response to AA was markedly enhanced; the increase in release of both 6-ketoPGF(1alpha) and PGE(2) after AA was twice that in control rats. Renal cortical COX-2 expression in diabetic rats was 3-fold that of control rats. Tempol treatment reduced the AA-stimulated release of prostaglandins to levels seen in control rats; this was associated with reduced expression of COX-2 protein to levels not different from that in control rats. However, the enhanced vasoconstrictor response to AA in diabetic rats was unaffected by tempol treatment but abolished by inhibition of COX-1 with SC58560 [5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole]. The addition of tempol to the perfusate of kidneys from diabetic and control rats had only a slight effect on prostaglandin release. We conclude that oxidative stress is an integral component of the mechanism involved in the induction of renal COX-2 in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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25
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Russo A, Cardile V, Sanchez F, Troncoso N, Vanella A, Garbarino JA. Chilean propolis: antioxidant activity and antiproliferative action in human tumor cell lines. Life Sci 2005; 76:545-58. [PMID: 15556167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Propolis, a natural product derived from plant resins collected by honeybees, has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine all over the world. The composition of the propolis depends upon the vegetation of the area from where it was collected and on the bee species. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of a propolis sample, provided by NATURANDES-CHILE, collected in a temperate region of central Chile. In addition, this natural compound was tested for its antiproliferative capacity on KB (human mouth epidermoid carcinoma cells), Caco-2 (colon adenocarcinoma cells) and DU-145 (androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells) human tumor cell lines. Results showed that this Chilean propolis sample exhibits interesting biological properties, correlated with its chemical composition and expressed by its capacity to scavenge free radicals and to inhibit tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Russo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Catania, v.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania-Italy.
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Cardile V, Panico A, Gentile B, Borrelli F, Russo A. Effect of propolis on human cartilage and chondrocytes. Life Sci 2003; 73:1027-35. [PMID: 12818355 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Propolis, a natural product derived from plant resins collected by the honeybees, has been used for thousands of years in folk medicine for several purposes. The extract that contains amino acids, phenolic acids, phenolic acid esters, flavonoids, cinnamic acid, terpenes and caffeic acid, possesses several biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, anti-viral and anti-bacterial. In this study, we assay the effects of propolis extract on the production of key molecules released during chronic inflammatory events as nitric oxide (NO) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cultures of human cartilaginous tissues and chondrocytes, stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). We observed that this natural compound and its active principle, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), were able to contrast the harmful effects of IL-1beta. Our data clearly demonstrated the protective action of propolis in cartilage alteration, that appears greater than that elicited by indomethacin, commonly employed in joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Cardile
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Catania, v.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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27
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Shin SJ, Fermor B, Weinberg JB, Pisetsky DS, Guilak F. Regulation of matrix turnover in meniscal explants: role of mechanical stress, interleukin-1, and nitric oxide. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 95:308-13. [PMID: 12665533 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00131.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The meniscus is an intra-articular fibrocartilaginous structure that serves essential biomechanical roles in the knee. With injury or arthritis, the meniscus may be exposed to significant changes in its biochemical and biomechanical environments that likely contribute to the progression of joint disease. The goal of this study was to examine the influence of mechanical stress on matrix turnover in the meniscus in the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and to determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in these processes. Explants of porcine menisci were subjected to dynamic compressive stresses at 0.1 MPa for 24 h at 0.5 Hz with 1 ng/ml IL-1, and the synthesis of total protein, proteoglycan, and NO was measured. The effects of a nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) inhibitor were determined. Dynamic compression significantly increased protein and proteoglycan synthesis by 68 and 58%, respectively, compared with uncompressed explants. This stimulatory effect of mechanical stress was prevented by the presence of IL-1 but was restored by specifically inhibiting NOS2. Release of proteoglycans into the medium was increased by IL-1 or mechanical compression and further enhanced by IL-1 and compression together. Stimulation of proteoglycan release in response to compression was dependent on NOS2 regardless of the presence of IL-1. These finding suggest that IL-1 may modulate the effects of mechanical stress on extracellular matrix turnover through a pathway that is dependent on NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jin Shin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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28
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Ahmed S, Rahman A, Hasnain A, Lalonde M, Goldberg VM, Haqqi TM. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the IL-1 beta-induced activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase-2 in human chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33:1097-105. [PMID: 12374621 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that green tea polyphenols inhibit the onset and severity of collagen II-induced arthritis in mice. In the present study, we report the pharmacological effects of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-induced expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human chondrocytes derived from osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. Stimulation of human chondrocytes with IL-1 beta (5 ng/ml) for 24 h resulted in significantly enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) when compared to untreated controls (p <.001). Pretreament of human chondrocytes with EGCG showed a dose-dependent inhibition in the production of NO and PGE(2) by 48% and 24%, respectively, and correlated with the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 activities (p <.005). In addition, IL-1 beta-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 was also markedly inhibited in human chondrocytes pretreated with EGCG (p <.001). Parallel to these findings, EGCG also inhibited the IL-1 beta-induced LDH release in chondrocytes cultures. Overall, the study suggests that EGCG affords protection against IL-1 beta-induced production of catabolic mediators NO and PGE(2) in human chondrocytes by regulating the expression and catalytic activity of their respective enzymes. Furthermore, our results also indicate that ECGC may be of potential therapeutic value for inhibiting cartilage resorption in arthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4946, USA
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Caivano M, Gorgoni B, Cohen P, Poli V. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in macrophages is biphasic and requires both CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP beta ) and C/EBP delta transcription factors. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:48693-701. [PMID: 11668179 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108282200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are important mediators of activated macrophage functions, and their inducible synthesis is mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Here, we make use of the murine macrophage cells RAW264 as well as of immortalized macrophages derived from mice deficient for the transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) to explore the molecular mechanisms regulating COX-2 induction in activated macrophages. We demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide-mediated COX-2 mRNA induction is biphasic. The initial phase is independent of de novo protein synthesis, correlates with cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) activation, is inhibited by treatments that abolish CREB phosphorylation and reduce NF-kappa B-mediated gene activation, and requires the presence of the transcription factor C/EBP beta. On the other hand, C/EBP delta appears to be essential in addition to C/EBP beta to effect the second phase of COX-2 gene transcription, which is important for maintaining the induced state and requires de novo protein synthesis. Indeed, both phases of COX-2 induction were defective in C/EBP beta-/- macrophages. Moreover, the synthesis of C/EBP delta was increased dramatically by treatment with lipopolysaccharide and, like COX-2 induction, repressed by combined inhibition of the MAPK and of the SAPK2/p38 cascades. Taken together, these data identify CREB, NF-kappa B, and both C/EBP beta and -delta as key factors in coordinately orchestrating transcription from the COX-2 promoter in activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caivano
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland
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