1
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Hossein A, Beaven AH, Sapp K, Sodt AJ. Softening in Two-Component Lipid Mixtures by Spontaneous Curvature Variance. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6317-6326. [PMID: 38889363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The bending modulus of a lipid bilayer quantifies its mechanical resistance to curvature. It is typically understood in terms of thickness; e.g., thicker bilayers are usually stiffer. Here, we describe an additional and powerful molecular determinant of stiffness─the variance in the distribution of curvature sensitivity of lipids and lipid conformations. Zwitterionic choline and ethanolamine headgroups of glycerophospholipids dynamically explore inter- and intraspecies interactions, leading to transient clustering. We demonstrate that these clusters couple strongly to negative curvature, exciting undulatory membrane modes and reducing the apparent bending modulus. Three force fields (Martini 2, Martini 3, and all-atom CHARMM C36) each show the effect to a different extent, with the coarse-grained Martini models showing the most clustering and thus the most softening. The theory is a guide to understanding the stiffness of biological membranes with their complex composition, as well as how choices of force field parameterization are translated into mechanical stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Hossein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Andrew H Beaven
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kayla Sapp
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Alexander J Sodt
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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2
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Kataoka-Hamai C. Triacylglycerol-droplet-induced bilayer spontaneous curvature in giant unilamellar vesicles. Biophys J 2024; 123:1857-1868. [PMID: 38822522 PMCID: PMC11267425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the incorporation of triacylglycerol droplets in the bilayers of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using four triacylglycerols and four phosphatidylcholines by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The triacylglycerol droplets were incorporated between the monolayer leaflets of the GUVs. Among the spherical droplets protruding on only one side of the bilayers, the droplets bound to the outer leaflets outnumbered those bound to the inner leaflets. The more frequent droplet binding to the outer leaflet caused transbilayer asymmetry in the droplet surface density. A vesicle consisting of a single-bilayer spherical segment and a double-bilayer spherical segment was also observed. The yield of these vesicles was comparable with or higher than that of the droplet-incorporating GUVs for many of the phosphatidylcholine-triacylglycerol combinations. In a vesicle consisting of single-bilayer and double-bilayer segments, most of the triacylglycerol droplets were localized on the outermost membrane surface along the segment boundary and in the double-bilayer segment. To rationalize the formation of these vesicle structures, we propose that the transbilayer asymmetry in the droplet surface density induces spontaneous curvature of the bilayer, with the bilayer spontaneously bending away from the droplets. Energy calculations performed assuming the existence of spontaneous curvature of the bilayer corroborated the experimentally determined membrane shapes for the vesicles consisting of unilamellar and bilamellar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Kataoka-Hamai
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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3
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Oranges M, Jash C, Golani G, Seal M, Cohen SR, Rosenhek-Goldian I, Bogdanov A, Safran S, Goldfarb D. Core-shell model of the clusters of CPEB4 isoforms preceding liquid-liquid phase separation. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00437-5. [PMID: 38943248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein solutions can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), where a dispersed phase with a low protein concentration coexists with coacervates with a high protein concentration. We focus on the low complexity N-terminal domain of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding-4 protein, CPEB4NTD, and its isoform depleted of the Exon4, CPEB4Δ4NTD. They both exhibit LLPS, but in contrast to most systems undergoing LLPS, the single-phase regime preceding LLPS consists mainly of soluble protein clusters. We combine experimental and theoretical approaches to resolve the internal structure of the clusters and the basis for their formation. Dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy show that both isoforms exhibit clusters with diameters ranging from 35 to 80 nm. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of spin-labeled CPEB4NTD and CPEB4Δ4NTD revealed that these proteins have two distinct dynamical properties in both the clusters and coacervates. Based on the experimental results, we propose a core-shell structure for the clusters, which is supported by the agreement of the dynamic light scattering data on cluster size distribution with a statistical model developed to describe the structure of clusters. This model treats clusters as swollen micelles (microemulsions) where the core and the shell regions comprise different protein conformations, in agreement with the electron paramagnetic resonance detection of two protein populations. The effects of ionic strength and the addition of 1,6-hexanediol were used to probe the interactions responsible for cluster formation. While both CPEB4NTD and CPEB4Δ4NTD showed phase separation with increasing temperature and formed clusters, differences were found in the properties of the clusters and the coacervates. The data also suggested that the coacervates may consist of aggregates of clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oranges
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chandrima Jash
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gonen Golani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Physics, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Manas Seal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sidney R Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Rosenhek-Goldian
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Samuel Safran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Daniella Goldfarb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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4
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Ahmed M, Islam MZ, Billah MM, Yamazaki M. Effect of Phosphatidylethanolamine on Pore Formation Induced by the Antimicrobial Peptide PGLa. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2684-2696. [PMID: 38450565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) induce pore formation and a burst of lipid bilayers and plasma membranes. This causes severe leakage of the internal contents and cell death. The AMP PGLa forms nanopores in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) comprising dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG). We here elucidated the effect of the line tension of a prepore rim on PGLa-induced nanopore formation by investigating the interaction of PGLa with single GUVs comprising dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)/DOPG (6:4) in buffer using the single GUV method. We found that PGLa forms nanopores in the GUV membrane, which evolved into a local burst and burst of GUVs. The rate of pore formation in DOPE/DOPG-GUVs was smaller than that in DOPC/DOPG-GUVs. PGLa is located only in the outer leaflet of a GUV bilayer just before a fluorescent probe AF647 leakage from the inside, indicating that this asymmetric distribution induces nanopore formation. PGLa-induced local burst and burst of GUVs were observed at 10 ms-time resolution. After nanopore formation started, dense particles and small vesicles appeared in the GUVs, followed by a decrease in the GUV diameter. The GUV was finally converted into smaller GUV or lipid membrane aggregates. We discuss the mechanisms of PGLa-induced nanopore formation and its direct evolution to a GUV burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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5
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Dorado E, Doria ML, Nagelkerke A, McKenzie JS, Maneta‐Stavrakaki S, Whittaker TE, Nicholson JK, Coombes RC, Stevens MM, Takats Z. Extracellular vesicles as a promising source of lipid biomarkers for breast cancer detection in blood plasma. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12419. [PMID: 38443328 PMCID: PMC10914699 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, mediate intercellular communication in cancer, from development to metastasis. EV-based liquid biopsy is a promising strategy for cancer diagnosis as EVs can be found in cancer patients' body fluids. In this study, the lipid composition of breast cancer-derived EVs was studied as well as the potential of blood plasma EVs for the identification of lipid biomarkers for breast cancer detection. Initially, an untargeted lipidomic analysis was carried out for a panel of cancerous and non-cancerous mammary epithelial cells and their secreted EVs. We found that breast cancer-derived EVs are enriched in sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids compared to their parental cells. The initial in vitro study showed that EVs and their parental cells can be correctly classified (100% accuracy) between cancerous and non-cancerous, as well as into their respective breast cancer subtypes, based on their lipid composition. Subsequently, an untargeted lipidomic analysis was carried out for blood plasma EVs from women diagnosed with breast cancer (primary or progressive metastatic breast cancer) as well as healthy women. Correspondingly, when blood plasma EVs were analysed, breast cancer patients and healthy women were correctly classified with an overall accuracy of 93.1%, based on the EVs' lipid composition. Similarly, the analysis of patients with primary breast cancer and healthy women showed an overall accuracy of 95% for their correct classification. Furthermore, primary and metastatic breast cancers were correctly classified with an overall accuracy of 89.5%. This reveals that the blood plasma EVs' lipids may be a promising source of biomarkers for detection of breast cancer. Additionally, this study demonstrates the usefulness of untargeted lipidomics in the study of EV lipid composition and EV-associated biomarker discovery studies. This is a proof-of-concept study and a starting point for further analysis on the identification of EV-based biomarkers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dorado
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Doria
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James S. McKenzie
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stefania Maneta‐Stavrakaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas E. Whittaker
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Institute of Global Health InnovationImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Raoul Charles Coombes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and ReproductionImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- PRISM Inserm U1192University of LilleLilleFrance
- Deparment of ImmunomedicineUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
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6
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Denker L, Dixon AM. The cell edit: Looking at and beyond non-structural proteins to understand membrane rearrangement in coronaviruses. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109856. [PMID: 38104958 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that sits at the centre of the recent global pandemic. As a member of the coronaviridae family of viruses, it shares features such as a very large genome (>30 kb) that is replicated in a purpose-built replication organelle. Biogenesis of the replication organelle requires significant and concerted rearrangement of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, a job that is carried out by a group of integral membrane non-structural proteins (NSP3, 4 and 6) expressed by the virus along with a host of viral replication enzymes and other factors that support transcription and replication. The primary sites for RNA replication within the replication organelle are double membrane vesicles (DMVs). The small size of DMVs requires generation of high membrane curvature, as well as stabilization of a double-membrane arrangement, but the mechanisms that underlie DMV formation remain elusive. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular basis for membrane rearrangements by coronaviruses. We incorporate established models of NSP3-4 protein-protein interactions to drive double membrane formation, and recent data highlighting the roles of lipid composition and host factor proteins (e.g. reticulons) that influence membrane curvature, to propose a revised model for DMV formation in SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Denker
- Warwick Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ann M Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7SH, UK.
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7
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Mathews PD, Gama GS, Megiati HM, Madrid RRM, Garcia BBM, Han SW, Itri R, Mertins O. Flavonoid-Labeled Biopolymer in the Structure of Lipid Membranes to Improve the Applicability of Antioxidant Nanovesicles. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:141. [PMID: 38276511 PMCID: PMC10819309 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanovesicles produced with lipids and polymers are promising devices for drug and bioactive delivery and are of great interest in pharmaceutical applications. These nanovesicles can be engineered for improvement in bioavailability, patient compliance or to provide modified release or enhanced delivery. However, their applicability strongly depends on the safety and low immunogenicity of the components. Despite this, the use of unsaturated lipids in nanovesicles, which degrade following oxidation processes during storage and especially during the proper routes of administration in the human body, may yield toxic degradation products. In this study, we used a biopolymer (chitosan) labeled with flavonoid (catechin) as a component over a lipid bilayer for micro- and nanovesicles and characterized the structure of these vesicles in oxidation media. The purpose of this was to evaluate the in situ effect of the antioxidant in three different vesicular systems of medium, low and high membrane curvature. Liposomes and giant vesicles were produced with the phospholipids DOPC and POPC, and crystalline cubic phase with monoolein/DOPC. Concentrations of chitosan-catechin (CHCa) were included in all the vesicles and they were challenged in oxidant media. The cytotoxicity analysis using the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) revealed that concentrations of CHCa below 6.67 µM are non-toxic to HeLa cells. The size and zeta potential of the liposomes evidenced the degradation of their structures, which was minimized by CHCa. Similarly, the membrane of the giant vesicle, which rapidly deteriorated in oxidative solution, was protected in the presence of CHCa. The production of a lipid/CHCa composite cubic phase revealed a specific cubic topology in small-angle X-ray scattering, which was preserved in strong oxidative media. This study demonstrates the specific physicochemical characteristics introduced in the vesicular systems related to the antioxidant CHCa biopolymer, representing a platform for the improvement of composite nanovesicle applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. Mathews
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.D.M.); (G.S.G.); (H.M.M.); (R.R.M.M.)
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Gabriella S. Gama
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.D.M.); (G.S.G.); (H.M.M.); (R.R.M.M.)
| | - Hector M. Megiati
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.D.M.); (G.S.G.); (H.M.M.); (R.R.M.M.)
| | - Rafael R. M. Madrid
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.D.M.); (G.S.G.); (H.M.M.); (R.R.M.M.)
| | - Bianca B. M. Garcia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gene Therapy, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (B.B.M.G.); (S.W.H.)
| | - Sang W. Han
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gene Therapy, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (B.B.M.G.); (S.W.H.)
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Applied Physics Department, Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil;
| | - Omar Mertins
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (P.D.M.); (G.S.G.); (H.M.M.); (R.R.M.M.)
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8
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Hossein A, Beaven AH, Sapp K, Sodt AJ. Softening in two-component lipid mixtures by spontaneous curvature variance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571323. [PMID: 38168180 PMCID: PMC10760180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The bending modulus of a lipid bilayer quantifies its mechanical resistance to curvature. It is typically understood in terms of thickness, e.g., thicker bilayers are stiffer. Here, we describe an additional and powerful molecular determinant of stiffness - the variance in the distribution of curvature sensitivity of lipids and lipid conformations. Zwitterionic choline and ethanolamine head-groups of glycero-phospholipids dynamically explore inter- and intra-species interactions, leading to transient clustering. We demonstrate that these clusters couple strongly to negative curvature, exciting undulatory membrane modes and reducing the apparent bending modulus. Three forcefields (Martini 2, Martini 3, and all-atom CHARMM C36) each show the effect to a different extent, with the coarse-grained Martini models showing the most clustering and thus the most softening. The theory is a guide to understanding the stiffness of biological membranes with their complex composition, as well as how choices of forcefield parameterization are translated into mechanical stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Hossein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Andrew H Beaven
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Kayla Sapp
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Alexander J Sodt
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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9
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Gupta S, Soni J, Kumar A, Mandal T. Origin of the nonlinear structural and mechanical properties in oppositely curved lipid mixtures. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:165102. [PMID: 37873964 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and mechanical properties of membranes such as thickness, tail order, bending modulus and curvature energetics play crucial role in controlling various cellular functions that depend on the local lipid organization and membrane reshaping. While behavior of these biophysical properties are well understood in single component membranes, very little is known about how do they change in the mixed lipid membranes. Often various properties of the mixed lipid bilayers are assumed to change linearly with the mole fractions of the constituent lipids which, however, is true for "ideal" mixing only. In this study, using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that structural and mechanical properties of binary lipid mixture change nonlinearly with the lipid mole fractions, and the strength of the nonlinearity depends on two factors - spontaneous curvature difference and locally inhomogeneous interactions between the lipid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Gupta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jatin Soni
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Awneesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Taraknath Mandal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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10
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Sokolov S, Zyrina A, Akimov S, Knorre D, Severin F. Toxic Effects of Penetrating Cations. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:841. [PMID: 37888013 PMCID: PMC10608470 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
As mitochondria are negatively charged organelles, penetrating cations are used as parts of chimeric molecules to deliver specific compounds into mitochondria. In other words, they are used as electrophilic carriers for such chemical moieties as antioxidants, dyes, etc., to transfer them inside mitochondria. However, unmodified penetrating cations affect different aspects of cellular physiology as well. In this review, we have attempted to summarise the data about the side effects of commonly used natural (e.g., berberine) and artificial (e.g., tetraphenylphosphonium, rhodamine, methylene blue) penetrating cations on cellular physiology. For instance, it was shown that such types of molecules can (1) facilitate proton transport across membranes; (2) react with redox groups of the respiratory chain; (3) induce DNA damage; (4) interfere with pleiotropic drug resistance; (5) disturb membrane integrity; and (6) inhibit enzymes. Also, the products of the biodegradation of penetrating cations can be toxic. As penetrating cations accumulate in mitochondria, their toxicity is mostly due to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondria from certain types of cancer cells appear to be especially sensitive to penetrating cations. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of the toxic effects and the anti-cancer activity of penetrating cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svyatoslav Sokolov
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Anna Zyrina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Premises 8, Bldg. 1, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement “Moskovskiy”, 108819 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Akimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 LeninskiyProspekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Knorre
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Fedor Severin
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.); (D.K.)
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11
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Hua L, Kaiser M, Carabadjac I, Meister A, Hause G, Heerklotz H. Vesicle budding caused by lysolipid-induced asymmetry stress. Biophys J 2023; 122:4011-4022. [PMID: 37649254 PMCID: PMC10598287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysolipids such as lauroyl, myristoyl, and palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) insert into the outer leaflet of liposomes but do not flip to the inner leaflet over many hours. This way, they create asymmetry stress between the intrinsic areas of the two leaflets. We have studied how this stress is relaxed with particular emphasis on the budding and fission of small (diameter 20-30 nm) daughter vesicles (DVs). Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation was utilized to quantify the extent of budding from large unilamellar vesicles after exposure to LPC. Budding starts at a low threshold of the order of 2 mol% LPC in the outer (and ≈0 mol% LPC in the inner) leaflet. We see reason to assume that the fractional fluorescence intensity from DVs is a good approximation for the fraction of membrane lipid, POPC, transferred into DVs. Accordingly, budding starts with a "budding power" of ≈6 POPC molecules budding off per LPC added, corresponding to a more than 10-fold accumulation of LPC in the outer leaflet of DVs to ≈24 mol%. As long as budding is possible, little strain is built up in the membranes, a claim supported by the lack of changes in limiting fluorescence anisotropy, rotational correlation time, and fluorescence lifetime of symmetrically and asymmetrically inserted TMA-DPH. At physiological osmolarity, budding is typically limited to 20-30% of budded fraction with some batch-to-batch variation, but independent of the LPC species. We hypothesize that the budding limit is determined by the excess area of the liposomes upon preparation, which is then used up upon budding given the larger area-to-volume ratio of smaller liposomes. As the mother vesicles approach ideal spheres, budding must stop. This is qualitatively supported by increased and decreased budding limits of osmotically predeflated and preinflated vesicles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hua
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iulia Carabadjac
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Meister
- ZIK HALOmem and Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biozentrum, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Signaling Research Center BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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12
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Mikheyeva IV, Sun J, Huang KC, Silhavy TJ. Mechanism of outer membrane destabilization by global reduction of protein content. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5715. [PMID: 37714857 PMCID: PMC10504340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli is an asymmetric bilayer with the glycolipid lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet and glycerophospholipids in the inner. Nearly all integral OM proteins (OMPs) have a characteristic β-barrel fold and are assembled in the OM by the BAM complex, which contains one essential β-barrel protein (BamA), one essential lipoprotein (BamD), and three non-essential lipoproteins (BamBCE). A gain-of-function mutation in bamA enables survival in the absence of BamD, showing that the essential function of this protein is regulatory. Here, we demonstrate that the global reduction in OMPs caused by BamD loss weakens the OM, altering cell shape and causing OM rupture in spent medium. To fill the void created by OMP loss, phospholipids (PLs) flip into the outer leaflet. Under these conditions, mechanisms that remove PLs from the outer leaflet create tension between the OM leaflets, which contributes to membrane rupture. Rupture is prevented by suppressor mutations that release the tension by halting PL removal from the outer leaflet. However, these suppressors do not restore OM stiffness or normal cell shape, revealing a possible connection between OM stiffness and cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Mikheyeva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Thomas J Silhavy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
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13
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Mishra S, Chakraborty H. Phosphatidylethanolamine and Cholesterol Promote Hemifusion Formation: A Tug of War between Membrane Interfacial Order and Intrinsic Negative Curvature of Lipids. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7721-7729. [PMID: 37644708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is an important process for the survival of eukaryotes. The shape of lipids plays an important role in fusion by stabilizing nonlamellar fusion intermediates. Lipids with intrinsic positive curvature such as lysophosphatidylcholine and others inhibit hemifusion formation, whereas lipids having intrinsic negative curvature, e.g., phosphatidylethanolamine and cholesterol (CH), are known to promote hemifusion formation. In this work, we have measured the effect of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and CH on the depth-dependent organization, dynamics, and fusion of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine membranes. Both DOPE and CH promote hemifusion formation despite their ability to order the interfacial and acyl chain region of the membrane and block water percolation at these regions. Generally, membrane ordering and inhibition of water percolation at the acyl chain region are detrimental to membrane fusion. This clearly emphasizes the importance of intrinsic negative curvature of lipids in membrane fusion. Interestingly, DOPE and CH show differential effects on the rate of hemifusion formation, which might be owing to their ability to induce order at the interfacial region and intrinsic negative curvature. Overall, our result is significant in understanding the role of lipidic shape in membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Mishra
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768 019, Odisha, India
| | - Hirak Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768 019, Odisha, India
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14
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Kumari S, Alsaidan OA, Mohanty D, Zafar A, Das S, Gupta JK, Khalid M. Development of Soft Luliconazole Invasomes Gel for Effective Transdermal Delivery: Optimization to In-Vivo Antifungal Activity. Gels 2023; 9:626. [PMID: 37623081 PMCID: PMC10453308 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Luliconazole (LZ) is a good candidate for the treatment of fungal infection topically but has limitations, i.e., poor solubility and poor permeability to skin. Due to these limitations, multiple administrations for a long time are required to treat the inflection. The aim of the present study was to develop the invasomes (IVS) gel of LZ to improve the topical antifungal activity. The IVS was prepared by the thin-film hydration method and optimized by Box-Bhekhen design software. The optimized LZIVS (LZIVSopt) has 139.1 ± 4.32 nm of vesicle size, 88.21 ± 0.82% of entrapment efficiency, 0.301 ± 0.012 of PDI, and 19.5 mV (negative) of zeta potential. Scanning microscopy showed a spherical shape of the vesicle. FTIR spectra showed there is no interaction between the drug and lipid. Thermogram showed that the LZ is encapsulated into the LZIVS matrix. LZIVSopt gel (LZIVSopt-G3) exhibited optimum viscosity (6493 ± 27 cps) and significant spreadability (7.2 g·cm/s). LZIVSopt-G3 showed 2.47-fold higher permeation than pure LZ-gel. LZIVSopt-G3 did not show any edema or swelling in the skin, revealing that the developed formulation is non-irritant. LZIVSopt-G3 exhibited significant inhibition of the fungus infection (C. albicans) in the infected rats. The finding concluded that IVS gel is a good carrier and an attractive approach for the enhancement of topical delivery of LZ to treat the fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anurag University, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India;
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Dibyalochan Mohanty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Anurag University, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India;
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.A.); (A.Z.)
| | - Swagatika Das
- School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Gopalpur 756044, Odisha, India;
| | - Jeetendra Kumar Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Sosa Ponce ML, Remedios MH, Moradi-Fard S, Cobb JA, Zaremberg V. SIR telomere silencing depends on nuclear envelope lipids and modulates sensitivity to a lysolipid. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206061. [PMID: 37042812 PMCID: PMC10103788 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is important in maintaining genome organization. The role of lipids in communication between the NE and telomere regulation was investigated, including how changes in lipid composition impact gene expression and overall nuclear architecture. Yeast was treated with the non-metabolizable lysophosphatidylcholine analog edelfosine, known to accumulate at the perinuclear ER. Edelfosine induced NE deformation and disrupted telomere clustering but not anchoring. Additionally, the association of Sir4 at telomeres decreased. RNA-seq analysis showed altered expression of Sir-dependent genes located at sub-telomeric (0-10 kb) regions, consistent with Sir4 dispersion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that two lipid metabolic circuits were activated in response to edelfosine, one mediated by the membrane sensing transcription factors, Spt23/Mga2, and the other by a transcriptional repressor, Opi1. Activation of these transcriptional programs resulted in higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids and the formation of nuclear lipid droplets. Interestingly, cells lacking Sir proteins displayed resistance to unsaturated-fatty acids and edelfosine, and this phenotype was connected to Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Moradi-Fard
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Cobb
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Vanina Zaremberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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16
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Zakany F, Mándity IM, Varga Z, Panyi G, Nagy P, Kovacs T. Effect of the Lipid Landscape on the Efficacy of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Cells 2023; 12:1700. [PMID: 37443733 PMCID: PMC10340183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Every cell biological textbook teaches us that the main role of the plasma membrane is to separate cells from their neighborhood to allow for a controlled composition of the intracellular space. The mostly hydrophobic nature of the cell membrane presents an impenetrable barrier for most hydrophilic molecules larger than 1 kDa. On the other hand, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are capable of traversing this barrier without compromising membrane integrity, and they can do so on their own or coupled to cargos. Coupling biologically and medically relevant cargos to CPPs holds great promise of delivering membrane-impermeable drugs into cells. If the cargo is able to interact with certain cell types, uptake of the CPP-drug complex can be tailored to be cell-type-specific. Besides outlining the major membrane penetration pathways of CPPs, this review is aimed at deciphering how properties of the membrane influence the uptake mechanisms of CPPs. By summarizing an extensive body of experimental evidence, we argue that a more ordered, less flexible membrane structure, often present in the very diseases planned to be treated with CPPs, decreases their cellular uptake. These correlations are not only relevant for understanding the cellular biology of CPPs, but also for rationally improving their value in translational or clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - István M. Mándity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
- TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
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17
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Klein S, Golani G, Lolicato F, Lahr C, Beyer D, Herrmann A, Wachsmuth-Melm M, Reddmann N, Brecht R, Hosseinzadeh M, Kolovou A, Makroczyova J, Peterl S, Schorb M, Schwab Y, Brügger B, Nickel W, Schwarz US, Chlanda P. IFITM3 blocks influenza virus entry by sorting lipids and stabilizing hemifusion. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:616-633.e20. [PMID: 37003257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits the entry of numerous viruses through undefined molecular mechanisms. IFITM3 localizes in the endosomal-lysosomal system and specifically affects virus fusion with target cell membranes. We found that IFITM3 induces local lipid sorting, resulting in an increased concentration of lipids disfavoring viral fusion at the hemifusion site. This increases the energy barrier for fusion pore formation and the hemifusion dwell time, promoting viral degradation in lysosomes. In situ cryo-electron tomography captured IFITM3-mediated arrest of influenza A virus membrane fusion. Observation of hemifusion diaphragms between viral particles and late endosomal membranes confirmed hemifusion stabilization as a molecular mechanism of IFITM3. The presence of the influenza fusion protein hemagglutinin in post-fusion conformation close to hemifusion sites further indicated that IFITM3 does not interfere with the viral fusion machinery. Collectively, these findings show that IFITM3 induces lipid sorting to stabilize hemifusion and prevent virus entry into target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Klein
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gonen Golani
- BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Lolicato
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carmen Lahr
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Beyer
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexia Herrmann
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Wachsmuth-Melm
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Reddmann
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romy Brecht
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Androniki Kolovou
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Makroczyova
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Peterl
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schorb
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petr Chlanda
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Rice A, Zimmerberg J, Pastor RW. Initiation and evolution of pores formed by influenza fusion peptides probed by lysolipid inclusion. Biophys J 2023; 122:1018-1032. [PMID: 36575795 PMCID: PMC10111278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion peptide (FP) domain is necessary for the fusogenic activity of spike proteins in a variety of enveloped viruses, allowing the virus to infect the host cell, and is the only part of the protein that interacts directly with the target membrane lipid tails during fusion. There are consistent findings of poration by this domain in experimental model membrane systems, and, in certain conditions, the isolated FPs can generate pores. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the specifics of how these FP-induced pores form in membranes with different compositions of lysolipid and POPC. The simulations show that pores form spontaneously at high lysolipid concentrations via hybrid intermediates, where FP aggregates in the cis leaflet tilt to form a funnel-like structure that spans the leaflet and locally reduces the hydrophobic thickness that must be traversed by water to form a pore. By restraining a single FP within an FP aggregate to this tilted conformation, pores can be formed in lower-lysolipid-content membranes, including pure POPC, on the 100-ns timescale, much more rapidly than in unbiased simulations in bilayers with the same composition. The pore formation pathway is similar to the spontaneous formation in high lysolipid concentrations. Depending on the membrane composition, the pores can be metastable (as seen in POPC) or lead to membrane rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Rice
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard W Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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19
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Tazawa K, Yamazaki M. Effect of monolayer spontaneous curvature on constant tension-induced pore formation in lipid bilayers. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:081101. [PMID: 36859073 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The methodology of constant tension-induced rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) has provided information on tension-induced pore formation. This method was used to investigate the effect of spontaneous curvature (H0) for a lipid monolayer on the rate constant (kr) for constant tension (σ)-induced rupture, which originates from pore formation in lipid bilayers. Lipids were incorporated with different H0 values into GUV membranes to change the overall H0 value for the GUV monolayer. The dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG)/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (4/6, molar ratio, here and elsewhere) monolayer has a negative H0, whereas the DOPG/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) (4/6) monolayer has an essentially zero H0. A higher tension was required to induce the rupture of DOPG/DOPE (4/6)-GUVs compared with DOPG/DOPC (4/6)-GUVs. The line tension (Γ) for a pre-pore in DOPG/DOPE (4/6)-GUVs, determined by the analysis of the tension dependence of kr, was 1.5 times larger than that in DOPG/DOPC (4/6)-GUVs. The kr values for GUVs comprising DOPG/DOPC/18:1 lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (40/55/10), which has a positive H0, were larger than those for DOPG/DOPC (4/6)-GUVs under the same tension. The Γ value for DOPG/DOPC/LPC (40/55/10)-GUVs was almost half that for DOPG/DOPC (4/6)-GUVs. These results indicate that Γ decreases with increasing H0, which results in an increase in kr. Based on these results, the effect of H0 on kr and Γ is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Tazawa
- Physics Course, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Physics Course, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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20
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Carmo HRP, Yoshinaga MY, Castillo AR, Britto Chaves-Filho A, Bonilha I, Barreto J, Muraro SP, de Souza GF, Davanzo GG, Perroud MW, Lukhna K, Ntsekhe M, Davidson S, Velloso LA, Nadruz W, Carvalho LSF, Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Farias AS, Proença-Módena JL, Moraes-Vieira PM, Karathanasis SK, Yellon D, Miyamoto S, Remaley AT, Sposito AC. Phenotypic changes in low-density lipoprotein particles as markers of adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:107552. [PMID: 36889041 PMCID: PMC9969752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plasma concentration decline is a biomarker for acute inflammatory diseases, including coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Phenotypic changes in LDL during COVID-19 may be equally related to adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS Individuals hospitalized due to COVID-19 (n = 40) were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 30 (D0, D2, D4, D6, and D30). Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity were measured. In a consecutive series of cases (n = 13), LDL was isolated by gradient ultracentrifugation from D0 and D6 and was quantified by lipidomic analysis. Association between clinical outcomes and LDL phenotypic changes was investigated. RESULTS In the first 30 days, 42.5% of participants died due to Covid-19. The serum ox-LDL increased from D0 to D6 (p < 0.005) and decreased at D30. Moreover, individuals who had an ox-LDL increase from D0 to D6 to over the 90th percentile died. The plasma Lp-PLA2 activity also increased progressively from D0 to D30 (p < 0.005), and the change from D0 to D6 in Lp-PLA2 and ox-LDL were positively correlated (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001). An exploratory untargeted lipidomic analysis uncovered 308 individual lipids in isolated LDL particles. Paired-test analysis from D0 and D6 revealed higher concentrations of 32 lipid species during disease progression, mainly represented by lysophosphatidyl choline and phosphatidylinositol. In addition, 69 lipid species were exclusively modulated in the LDL particles from non-survivors as compared to survivors. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic changes in LDL particles are associated with disease progression and adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients and could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kishal Lukhna
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sean Davidson
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Internal Medicine Department, Unicamp Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Unicamp Medical School, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandro S Farias
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hub of Global Health (HGH), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sotirios K Karathanasis
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derek Yellon
- Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Mikheyeva IV, Sun J, Huang KC, Silhavy TJ. Mechanism of outer membrane destabilization by global reduction of protein content. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.19.529137. [PMID: 36865163 PMCID: PMC9980000 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.19.529137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli is an asymmetric bilayer with the glycolipid lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet and glycerophospholipids in the inner. Nearly all integral OM proteins (OMPs) have a characteristic β-barrel fold and are assembled in the OM by the BAM complex, which contains one essential β-barrel protein (BamA), one essential lipoprotein (BamD), and three non-essential lipoproteins (BamBCE). A gain-of-function mutation in bamA enables survival in the absence of BamD, showing that the essential function of this protein is regulatory. We demonstrate that the global reduction in OMPs caused by BamD loss weakens the OM, altering cell shape and causing OM rupture in spent medium. To fill the void created by OMP loss, PLs flip into the outer leaflet. Under these conditions, mechanisms that remove PLs from the outer leaflet create tension between the OM leaflets, which contributes to membrane rupture. Rupture is prevented by suppressor mutations that release the tension by halting PL removal from the outer leaflet. However, these suppressors do not restore OM stiffness or normal cell shape, revealing a possible connection between OM stiffness and cell shape. Significance Statement The outer membrane (OM) is a selective permeability barrier that contributes to the intrinsic antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria. Biophysical characterization of the roles of the component proteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids is limited by both the essentiality of the OM and its asymmetrical organization. In this study, we dramatically change OM physiology by limiting the protein content, which requires phospholipid localization to the outer leaflet and thus disrupts OM asymmetry. By characterizing the perturbed OM of various mutants, we provide novel insight into the links among OM composition, OM stiffness, and cell shape regulation. These findings deepen our understanding of bacterial cell envelope biology and provide a platform for further interrogation of OM properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Mikheyeva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas J. Silhavy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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22
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Lowe LA, Wang A. Preparation of Giant Vesicles with Mixed Single-Tailed and Double-Tailed Lipids. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2622:71-85. [PMID: 36781751 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2954-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Giant vesicles are model membrane systems that can be characterized with microscopy. Whereas most giant synthetic vesicles are created with a single phospholipid species, vesicles with mixed membrane compositions, including single-tailed and double-tailed lipids, serve as more accurate models of biological membranes and also have applications in the origins of life and drug delivery fields. Here we describe several approaches that can be used to create giant vesicles with mixed lipid compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Lowe
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Wang
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Application Prospects of Triphenylphosphine-Based Mitochondria-Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030666. [PMID: 36765624 PMCID: PMC9913854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and the most important impediments to the efforts to increase life expectancy worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy is the main treatment for cancer, but it is often accompanied by side effects that affect normal tissues and organs. The search for new alternatives to chemotherapy has been a hot research topic in the field of antineoplastic medicine. Drugs targeting diseased tissues or cells can significantly improve the efficacy of drugs. Therefore, organelle-targeted antitumor drugs are being explored, such as mitochondria-targeted antitumor drugs. Mitochondria is the central site of cellular energy production and plays an important role in cell survival and death. Moreover, a large number of studies have shown a close association between mitochondrial metabolism and tumorigenesis and progression, making mitochondria a promising new target for cancer therapy. Combining mitochondrial targeting agents with drug molecules is an effective way of mitochondrial targeting. In addition, hyperpolarized tumor cell membranes and mitochondrial membrane potentially allow selective accumulation of mitochondria-targeted drugs. This enhances the direct killing of tumor cells by drug molecules while minimizing the potential toxicity to normal cells. In this review, we discuss the common pro-mitochondrial agents, the advantages of triphenylphosphine (TPP) in mitochondrial-targeted cancer therapy and systematically summarize various TPP-based mitochondria-targeting anticancer drugs.
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24
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Structure of the Sec14 domain of Kalirin reveals a distinct class of lipid-binding module in RhoGEFs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:96. [PMID: 36609407 PMCID: PMC9823006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gated entry of lipophilic ligands into the enclosed hydrophobic pocket in stand-alone Sec14 domain proteins often links lipid metabolism to membrane trafficking. Similar domains occur in multidomain mammalian proteins that activate small GTPases and regulate actin dynamics. The neuronal RhoGEF Kalirin, a central regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, contains a Sec14 domain (KalbSec14) followed by multiple spectrin-like repeats and catalytic domains. Previous studies demonstrated that Kalirin lacking its Sec14 domain fails to maintain cell morphology or dendritic spine length, yet whether and how KalbSec14 interacts with lipids remain unknown. Here, we report the structural and biochemical characterization of KalbSec14. KalbSec14 adopts a closed conformation, sealing off the canonical ligand entry site, and instead employs a surface groove to bind a limited set of lysophospholipids. The low-affinity interactions of KalbSec14 with lysolipids are expected to serve as a general model for the regulation of Rho signaling by other Sec14-containing Rho activators.
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25
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Rose TD, Köhler N, Falk L, Klischat L, Lazareva OE, Pauling JK. Lipid network and moiety analysis for revealing enzymatic dysregulation and mechanistic alterations from lipidomics data. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6966533. [PMID: 36592059 PMCID: PMC9851308 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics is of growing importance for clinical and biomedical research due to many associations between lipid metabolism and diseases. The discovery of these associations is facilitated by improved lipid identification and quantification. Sophisticated computational methods are advantageous for interpreting such large-scale data for understanding metabolic processes and their underlying (patho)mechanisms. To generate hypothesis about these mechanisms, the combination of metabolic networks and graph algorithms is a powerful option to pinpoint molecular disease drivers and their interactions. Here we present lipid network explorer (LINEX$^2$), a lipid network analysis framework that fuels biological interpretation of alterations in lipid compositions. By integrating lipid-metabolic reactions from public databases, we generate dataset-specific lipid interaction networks. To aid interpretation of these networks, we present an enrichment graph algorithm that infers changes in enzymatic activity in the context of their multispecificity from lipidomics data. Our inference method successfully recovered the MBOAT7 enzyme from knock-out data. Furthermore, we mechanistically interpret lipidomic alterations of adipocytes in obesity by leveraging network enrichment and lipid moieties. We address the general lack of lipidomics data mining options to elucidate potential disease mechanisms and make lipidomics more clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Falk
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lucie Klischat
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Olga E Lazareva
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany,Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Multiparametric methods for early detection of prostate cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josch K Pauling
- Corresponding author. Josch K. Pauling, LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany. Tel: +49 8161 71 2762; E-mail:
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26
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Cao X, van Putten JPM, Wösten MMSM. Biological functions of bacterial lysophospholipids. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 82:129-154. [PMID: 36948653 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are lipid-derived metabolic intermediates in the cell membrane. The biological functions of LPLs are distinct from their corresponding phospholipids. In eukaryotic cells LPLs are important bioactive signaling molecules that regulate many important biological processes, but in bacteria the function of LPLs is still not fully defined. Bacterial LPLs are usually present in cells in very small amounts, but can strongly increase under certain environmental conditions. In addition to their basic function as precursors in membrane lipid metabolism, the formation of distinct LPLs contributes to the proliferation of bacteria under harsh circumstances or may act as signaling molecules in bacterial pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the biological functions of bacterial LPLs including lysoPE, lysoPA, lysoPC, lysoPG, lysoPS and lysoPI in bacterial adaptation, survival, and host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc M S M Wösten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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27
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Kozlov MM, Taraska JW. Generation of nanoscopic membrane curvature for membrane trafficking. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:63-78. [PMID: 35918535 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Curved membranes are key features of intracellular organelles, and their generation involves dynamic protein complexes. Here we describe the fundamental mechanisms such as the hydrophobic insertion, scaffolding and crowding mechanisms these proteins use to produce membrane curvatures and complex shapes required to form intracellular organelles and vesicular structures involved in endocytosis and secretion. For each mechanism, we discuss its cellular functions as well as the underlying physical principles and the specific membrane properties required for the mechanism to be feasible. We propose that the integration of individual mechanisms into a highly controlled, robust process of curvature generation often relies on the assembly of proteins into coats. How cells unify and organize the curvature-generating factors at the nanoscale is presented for three ubiquitous coats central for membrane trafficking in eukaryotes: clathrin-coated pits, caveolae, and COPI and COPII coats. The emerging theme is that these coats arrange and coordinate curvature-generating factors in time and space to dynamically shape membranes to accomplish membrane trafficking within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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28
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Kondrashov OV, Akimov SA. The Possibility of Pore Formation in Lipid Membranes by Several Molecules of Amphipathic Peptides. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Membrane Lipid Reshaping Underlies Oxidative Stress Sensing by the Mitochondrial Proteins UCP1 and ANT1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122314. [PMID: 36552523 PMCID: PMC9774536 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and ROS are important players in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. In addition to directly altering proteins, ROS also affects lipids with negative intrinsic curvature such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), producing PE adducts and lysolipids. The formation of PE adducts potentiates the protonophoric activity of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we linked the ROS-mediated change in lipid shape to the mechanical properties of the membrane and the function of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1). We show that the increase in the protonophoric activity of both proteins occurs due to the decrease in bending modulus in lipid bilayers in the presence of lysophosphatidylcholines (OPC and MPC) and PE adducts. Moreover, MD simulations showed that modified PEs and lysolipids change the lateral pressure profile of the membrane in the same direction and by the similar amplitude, indicating that modified PEs act as lipids with positive intrinsic curvature. Both results indicate that oxidative stress decreases stored curvature elastic stress (SCES) in the lipid bilayer membrane. We demonstrated that UCP1 and ANT1 sense SCES and proposed a novel regulatory mechanism for the function of these proteins. The new findings should draw the attention of the scientific community to this important and unexplored area of redox biochemistry.
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30
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Lipid Microenvironment Modulates the Pore-Forming Ability of Polymyxin B. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101445. [PMID: 36290103 PMCID: PMC9598075 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of polymyxin B, an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria as a last-line therapeutic option, to form ion pores in model membranes composed of various phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides was studied. Our data demonstrate that polymyxin B predominantly interacts with negatively charged lipids. Susceptibility decreases as follows: Kdo2-Lipid A >> DOPG ≈ DOPS >> DPhPG ≈ TOCL ≈ Lipid A. The dimer and hexamer of polymyxin B are involved in the pore formation in DOPG(DOPS)- and Kdo2-Lipid A-enriched bilayers, respectively. The pore-forming ability of polymyxin B significantly depends on the shape of membrane lipids, which indicates that the antibiotic produces toroidal lipopeptide-lipid pores. Small amphiphilic molecules diminishing the membrane dipole potential and inducing positive curvature stress were shown to be agonists of pore formation by polymyxin B and might be used to develop innovative lipopeptide-based formulations.
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31
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Krasnobaev VD, Galimzyanov TR, Akimov SA, Batishchev OV. Lysolipids regulate raft size distribution. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1021321. [PMID: 36275621 PMCID: PMC9581197 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1021321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid matrix of cellular membranes, directly and indirectly, regulates many vital functions of the cell. The diversity of lipids in membranes leads to the formation of ordered domains called rafts, which play a crucial role in signal transduction, protein sorting and other cellular processes. Rafts are believed to impact the development of different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s ones, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, some types of cancer, etc. These diseases correlate with the change in the membrane lipid composition resulting from an oxidative stress, age-related processes, dysfunction of proteins, and many others. In particular, a lot of studies report a significant rise in the level of lysolipids. Physicochemical properties of rafts are determined by membrane composition, in particular, by the content of lysolipids. Lysolipids may thus regulate raft-involving processes. However, the exact mechanism of such regulation is unknown. Although studying rafts in vivo still seems to be rather complicated, liquid-ordered domains are well observed in model systems. In the present study, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine how lysophospholipids influence the liquid-ordered domains in model ternary membranes. We demonstrated that even a small amount of lysolipids in a membrane significantly impacts domain size depending on the saturation of the lysolipid hydrocarbon tails and the amount of cholesterol. The mixture with the bigger relative fraction of cholesterol was more susceptible to the action of lysolipids. This data helped us to generalize our previous theoretical model of the domain size regulation by lipids with particular molecular shape expanding it to the case of lysolipids and dioleoylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir D. Krasnobaev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Timur R. Galimzyanov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Akimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Batishchev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Oleg V. Batishchev,
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32
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Spns1 is a lysophospholipid transporter mediating lysosomal phospholipid salvage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210353119. [PMID: 36161949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210353119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosome is central to the degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids and their salvage back to the cytosol for reutilization. Lysosomal transporters for amino acids, sugars, and cholesterol have been identified, and the metabolic fates of these molecules in the cytoplasm have been elucidated. Remarkably, it is not known whether lysosomal salvage exists for glycerophospholipids, the major constituents of cellular membranes. By using a transport assay screen against orphan lysosomal transporters, we identified the major facilitator superfamily protein Spns1 that is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues as a proton-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) transporter, with LPC and LPE being the lysosomal breakdown products of the most abundant eukaryotic phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. Spns1 deficiency in cells, zebrafish embryos, and mouse liver resulted in lysosomal accumulation of LPC and LPE species with pathological consequences on lysosomal function. Flux analysis using stable isotope-labeled phospholipid apolipoprotein E nanodiscs targeted to lysosomes showed that LPC was transported out of lysosomes in an Spns1-dependent manner and re-esterified back into the cytoplasmic pools of phosphatidylcholine. Our findings identify a phospholipid salvage pathway from lysosomes to the cytosol that is dependent on Spns1 and critical for maintaining normal lysosomal function.
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33
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Bozelli JC, Yune J, Aulakh SS, Cao Z, Fernandes A, Seitova A, Tong Y, Schreier S, Epand RM. Human Diacylglycerol Kinase ε N-Terminal Segment Regulates the Phosphatidylinositol Cycle, Controlling the Rate but Not the Acyl Chain Composition of Its Lipid Intermediates. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2495-2506. [PMID: 35767833 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase ε (DGKε), an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) cycle, bears a highly conserved hydrophobic N-terminal segment, which was proposed to anchor the enzyme into the membrane. However, the importance of this segment to the DGKε function remains to be determined. To address this question, it is here reported an in silico and in vitro combined research strategy. Capitalizing on the AlphaFold 2.0 predicted structure of human DGKε, it is shown that its hydrophobic N-terminal segment anchors it into the membrane via a transmembrane α-helix. Coarse-grained based elastic network model studies showed that a conformational change in the hydrophobic N-terminal segment determines the proximity between the active site of DGKε and the membrane-water interface, likely regulating its kinase activity. In vitro studies with a purified DGKε construct lacking the hydrophobic N-terminal segment (His-SUMO*-Δ50-DGKε) corroborated the role of the N-terminus in regulating DGKε enzymatic properties. The comparison between the enzymatic properties of DGKε and His-SUMO*-Δ50-DGKε showed that the conserved N-terminal segment markedly inhibits the enzyme activity and its sensitivity to membrane intrinsic negative curvature, while also playing a role in the modulation of the enzyme by phosphatidylserine. On the other hand, this segment did not strongly affect its diacylglycerol acyl chain specificity, the modulation of the enzyme by membrane morphological changes, or the activation by phosphatidic acid-rich lipid domains. Hence, these results suggest that the conservation of the hydrophobic N-terminal segment of DGKε throughout evolution guaranteed not only membrane anchorage but also an efficient and elegant manner to regulate the rate of the PI cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Bozelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Jenny Yune
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Sukhvershjit S Aulakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Zihao Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Alexia Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
| | - Alma Seitova
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON N5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yufeng Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Shirley Schreier
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8S 3L8, Canada
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34
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Kwak JH, Kim S, Pak HK, Sung SK, Kwak J, Lee SW, Kim CH, Kim GR. Preparation of Giant Quantum Dot-Liposome Complexes by the Asolectin Lipid and Theoretical Model for Stabilization of Nanoparticle Inside the Liposome. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We prepare giant Quantum dot-Liposome Complexes (QLCs). Quantum dots (QDs) incorporated inside liposome above 10 μm. QLCs is made by using the electro-swelling method combined with spin coating techniques. Three types of PC lipids and asolectin lipid are used for QLCs with
HDA (hexadecylamine) coated QDs, which ranged from blue- (diameter ~2.1 nm) to red-emission (diameter ~5.0 nm). As expected, (blue- or) green-emission QDs (smaller than) comparable to the thickness of PC lipid bilayer (~4 nm) are successfully formed QLCs, but QDs bigger than that fail to reproduce.
This observation is well-consistent with those reported by Gopakumar et al. Surprisingly, all QDs irrespective of their size are, contrary to PC lipids, successfully loaded into asolectin lipid bilayer. In order to understand what makes different behaviors between PC and asolectin lipids on
QLC formation, we suggest a theoretical model based on a geometrical assumptions for deformed lipid bilayer surrounding QD. The main advantage of this model is that the critical size Rcr of QD radius can be decided without calculating elastic free energy. As a result, it
predicts that only QDs below the critical size (diameter ~3.0 nm) can be loaded in a typical PC-lipid, but all size of QDs can be incorporated into asolectin bilayer under the assumption of two different curvatures on deformed monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeok Kwak
- Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yang-san Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Sungho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Hyuk Kyu Pak
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - Soon Ki Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yang-san Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Jinsung Kwak
- Department of Physics, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Korea
| | - Sang Weon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yang-san Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Chang Hyeun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yang-san Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Gyeong Rip Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pusan National University Yang-san Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
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35
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Cao X, van de Lest CH, Huang LZ, van Putten JP, Wösten MM. Campylobacter jejuni permeabilizes the host cell membrane by short chain lysophosphatidylethanolamines. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2091371. [PMID: 35797141 PMCID: PMC9272830 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are crucial for regulating epithelial integrity and homeostasis in eukaryotes, however the effects of LPLs produced by bacteria on host cells is largely unknown. The membrane of the human bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is rich in LPLs. Although C. jejuni possesses several virulence factors, it lacks traditional virulence factors like type III secretion systems, present in most enteropathogens. Here, we provide evidence that membrane lipids lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lysoPEs) of C. jejuni are able to lyse erythrocytes and are toxic for HeLa and Caco-2 cells. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays and confocal microscopy revealed that lysoPE permeabilizes the cells. LysoPE toxicity was partially rescued by oxidative stress inhibitors, indicating that intracellular reactive oxygen species may contribute to the cell damage. Our results show that especially the short-chain lysoPEs (C:14) which is abundantly present in the C. jejuni membrane may be considered as a novel virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Liane Z.X. Huang
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos P.M. van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc M.S.M. Wösten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,CONTACT Marc M.S.M. Wösten Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, Netherlands
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36
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Influence of Oil Polarity and Cosurfactants on the Foamability of Mono- and Diacylphosphatidylcholine Stabilized Emulsions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061212. [PMID: 35745785 PMCID: PMC9230088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam formulations are safe and effective therapy options for the treatment of chronic skin conditions that require the application of a topical formulation to delicate skin areas, such as scalp psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis. This study focused on the development of foamable emulsions based on aqueous phospholipid blends. The effects of cosurfactants (nonionic Lauryglucoside (LG); zwitterionic Lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB)), as well as of oil phases of different polarities, namely paraffin oil (PO), medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and castor oil (CO), were investigated. The foaming experiments showed that both the type of cosurfactant, as well as the type of oil phase, affects the quality of the resulting foam. Emulsions that were based on a combination of hydrogenated lysophosphatidylcholine (hLPC) and a non-hydrogenated phospholipid, as well as LG as a cosurfactant and MCT as an oil phase, yielded the most satisfactory results. Furthermore, profile analysis tensiometry (PAT), polarization microscopy and laser diffraction analysis were used to characterize the developed formulations. These experiments suggest that the employed phospholipids predominantly stabilize the emulsions, while the cosurfactants are mainly responsible for the formation and stabilization of the foams. However, it appears that both sets of excipients are needed in order to acquire stable emulsions with satisfactory foaming properties.
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37
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Dadhich R, Kapoor S. Lipidomic and Membrane Mechanical Signatures in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Scope for Membrane-Based Theranostics. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2507-2528. [PMID: 35595957 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer associated with poor prognosis, higher grade, and a high rate of metastatic occurrence. Limited therapeutic interventions and the compounding issue of drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer warrants the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic modules. To this view, in addition to proteins, lipids also regulate cellular functions via the formation of membranes that modulate membrane protein function, diffusion, and their localization; thus, orchestrating signaling hot spots enriched in specific lipids/proteins on cell membranes. Lipid deregulation in cancer leads to reprogramming of the membrane dynamics and functions impacting cell proliferation, metabolism, and metastasis, providing exciting starting points for developing lipid-based approaches for treating TNBC. In this review, we provide a detailed account of specific lipidic changes in breast cancer, link the altered lipidome with membrane structure and mechanical properties, and describe how these are linked to subsequent downstream functions implicit in cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. At the fundamental level, we discuss how the lipid-centric findings in TNBC are providing cues for developing lipid-inspired theranostic strategies while bridging existing gaps in our understanding of the functional involvement of lipid membranes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Dadhich
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India. .,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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Bashkirov PV, Kuzmin PI, Vera Lillo J, Frolov VA. Molecular Shape Solution for Mesoscopic Remodeling of Cellular Membranes. Annu Rev Biophys 2022; 51:473-497. [PMID: 35239417 PMCID: PMC10787580 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-011422-100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes self-assemble from and interact with various molecular species. Each molecule locally shapes the lipid bilayer, the soft elastic core of cellular membranes. The dynamic architecture of intracellular membrane systems is based on elastic transformations and lateral redistribution of these elementary shapes, driven by chemical and curvature stress gradients. The minimization of the total elastic stress by such redistribution composes the most basic, primordial mechanism of membrane curvature-composition coupling (CCC). Although CCC is generally considered in the context of dynamic compositional heterogeneity of cellular membrane systems, in this article we discuss a broader involvement of CCC in controlling membrane deformations. We focus specifically on the mesoscale membrane transformations in open, reservoir-governed systems, such as membrane budding, tubulation, and the emergence of highly curved sites of membrane fusion and fission. We reveal that the reshuffling of molecular shapes constitutes an independent deformation mode with complex rheological properties.This mode controls effective elasticity of local deformations as well as stationary elastic stress, thus emerging as a major regulator of intracellular membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Bashkirov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular and Biological Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter I Kuzmin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Javier Vera Lillo
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain;
| | - Vadim A Frolov
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Tang CH, Shi SH, Lin CY, Wang WH. Lipid profiling differentiates the effect of ambient microenriched copper on a coral as an advanced tool for biomonitoring. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113650. [PMID: 35447438 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper can be beneficial or harmful to coral at environmentally relevant levels, making environmental monitoring a challenging. Membrane lipids make the cell a dynamic environment according to the circumstances; thus, the lipid profile should be indicative of an environmental/physiological state. To gain more insight into the copper effect on coral health and be a basis of biomonitoring, glycerophosphocholine profiling of coral exposed to microenriched copper levels was conducted in this study. The copper microenrichments resulted in a diacritical effect of decreasing carbonic anhydrase activity, following a supplementation effect, on coral lipid metabolism. Microdifferences in copper levels are critical to determine the coral metabolic state and were therefore included in this study. In addition, an excellent quantitative model correlating the coral lipid variation with the exposed copper levels or the induced physiological effect was obtained to demonstrate its performance for biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Han Shi
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsien Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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40
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Joardar A, Pattnaik GP, Chakraborty H. Mechanism of Membrane Fusion: Interplay of Lipid and Peptide. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:211-224. [PMID: 35435451 PMCID: PMC9014786 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is an essential process for the survival of eukaryotes and the entry of enveloped viruses into host cells. A proper understanding of the mechanism of membrane fusion would provide us a handle to manipulate several biological pathways, and design efficient vaccines against emerging and re-emerging viral infections. Although fusion proteins take the central stage in catalyzing the process, role of lipid composition is also of paramount importance. Lipid composition modulates membrane organization and dynamics and impacts the lipid–protein (peptide) interaction. Moreover, the intrinsic curvature of lipids has strong impact on the formation of stalk and hemifusion diaphragm. Detection of transiently stable intermediates remains the bottleneck in the understanding of fusion mechanism. In order to circumvent this challenge, analytical methods can be employed to determine the kinetic parameters from ensemble average measurements of observables, such as lipid mixing, content mixing, and content leakage. The current review aims to present an analytical method that would aid our understanding of the fusion mechanism, provides a better insight into the role of lipid shape, and discusses the interplay of lipid and peptide in membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Joardar
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, 768019, India
| | | | - Hirak Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, 768019, India.
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41
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Saitov A, Kalutsky MA, Galimzyanov TR, Glasnov T, Horner A, Akimov SA, Pohl P. Determinants of Lipid Domain Size. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073502. [PMID: 35408861 PMCID: PMC8998648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid domains less than 200 nm in size may form a scaffold, enabling the concerted function of plasma membrane proteins. The size-regulating mechanism is under debate. We tested the hypotheses that large values of spontaneous monolayer curvature are incompatible with micrometer-sized domains. Here, we used the transition of photoswitchable lipids from their cylindrical conformation to a conical conformation to increase the negative curvature of a bilayer-forming lipid mixture. In contrast to the hypothesis, pre-existing micrometer-sized domains did not dissipate in our planar bilayers, as indicated by fluorescence images and domain mobility measurements. Elasticity theory supports the observation by predicting the zero free energy gain for splitting large domains into smaller ones. It also indicates an alternative size-determining mechanism: The cone-shaped photolipids reduce the line tension associated with lipid deformations at the phase boundary and thus slow down the kinetics of domain fusion. The competing influence of two approaching domains on the deformation of the intervening lipids is responsible for the kinetic fusion trap. Our experiments indicate that the resulting local energy barrier may restrict the domain size in a dynamic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saitov
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Maksim A. Kalutsky
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (T.R.G.); (S.A.A.)
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur R. Galimzyanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (T.R.G.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Toma Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Sergey A. Akimov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/5 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (T.R.G.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Peter Pohl
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (A.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Kondrashov OV, Kuzmin PI, Akimov SA. Hydrophobic Mismatch Controls the Mode of Membrane-Mediated Interactions of Transmembrane Peptides. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:89. [PMID: 35054615 PMCID: PMC8781805 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various cellular processes require the concerted cooperative action of proteins. The possibility for such synchronization implies the occurrence of specific long-range interactions between the involved protein participants. Bilayer lipid membranes can mediate protein-protein interactions via relatively long-range elastic deformations induced by the incorporated proteins. We considered the interactions between transmembrane peptides mediated by elastic deformations using the framework of the theory of elasticity of lipid membranes. An effective peptide shape was assumed to be cylindrical, hourglass-like, or barrel-like. The interaction potentials were obtained for membranes of different thicknesses and elastic rigidities. Cylindrically shaped peptides manifest almost neutral average interactions-they attract each other at short distances and repel at large ones, independently of membrane thickness or rigidity. The hourglass-like peptides repel each other in thin bilayers and strongly attract each other in thicker bilayers. On the contrary, the barrel-like peptides repel each other in thick bilayers and attract each other in thinner membranes. These results potentially provide possible mechanisms of control for the mode of protein-protein interactions in membrane domains with different bilayer thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Kondrashov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Sergey A. Akimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
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Liu H, Prachyathipsakul T, Koyasseril-Yehiya TM, Le SP, Thayumanavan S. Molecular bases for temperature sensitivity in supramolecular assemblies and their applications as thermoresponsive soft materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:164-193. [PMID: 34549764 PMCID: PMC8757657 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive supramolecular assemblies have been extensively explored in diverse formats, from injectable hydrogels to nanoscale carriers, for a variety of applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering and thermo-controlled catalysis. Understanding the molecular bases behind thermal sensitivity of materials is fundamentally important for the rational design of assemblies with optimal combination of properties and predictable tunability for specific applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this area with a specific focus on the parameters and factors that influence thermoresponsive properties of soft materials. We summarize and analyze the effects of structures and architectures of molecules, hydrophilic and lipophilic balance, concentration, components and external additives upon the thermoresponsiveness of the corresponding molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | | | | | - Stephanie P Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Centre for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Sardar A, Dewangan N, Panda B, Bhowmick D, Tarafdar PK. Lipid and Lipidation in Membrane Fusion. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:691-703. [PMID: 36102950 PMCID: PMC9472184 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion plays a lead role in the transport of vesicles, neurotransmission, mitochondrial dynamics, and viral infection. There are fusion proteins that catalyze and regulate the fusion. Interestingly, various types of fusion proteins are present in nature and they possess diverse mechanisms of action. We have highlighted the importance of the functional domains of intracellular heterotypic fusion, homotypic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), homotypic mitochondrial, and type-I viral fusion. During intracellular heterotypic fusion, the SNAREs and four-helix bundle formation are prevalent. Type-I viral fusion is controlled by the membrane destabilizing properties of fusion peptide and six-helix bundle formation. The ER/mitochondrial homotypic fusion is controlled by GTPase activity and the membrane destabilization properties of the amphipathic helix(s). Although the mechanism of action of these fusion proteins is diverse, they have some similarities. In all cases, the lipid composition of the membrane greatly affects membrane fusion. Next, examples of lipidation of the fusion proteins were discussed. We suggest that the fatty acyl hydrophobic tail not only acts as an anchor but may also modulate the energetics of membrane fusion intermediates. Lipidation is also important to design more effective peptide-based fusion inhibitors. Together, we have shown that membrane lipid composition and lipidation are important to modulate membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Sardar
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Nikesh Dewangan
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Bishvanwesha Panda
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Debosmita Bhowmick
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Pradip K. Tarafdar
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
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Balhuizen MD, Versluis CM, van Harten RM, de Jonge EF, Brouwers JF, van de Lest CH, Veldhuizen EJ, Tommassen J, Haagsman HP. PMAP-36 reduces the innate immune response induced by Bordetella bronchiseptica-derived outer membrane vesicles. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100010. [PMID: 34841304 PMCID: PMC8610334 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2020.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-lethal PMAP-36 treatment of bacteria increases outer membrane vesicle release. Lipidomic analysis revealed the OMV lipidome upon PMAP-36 or heat treatment. Supplementation with PMAP-36 attenuated undesirable OMV-induced immune responses.
Host defense peptides (HDPs), such as cathelicidins, are small, cationic, amphipathic peptides and represent an important part of the innate immune system. Most cathelicidins, including the porcine PMAP-36, are membrane active and disrupt the bacterial membrane. For example, a chicken cathelicidin, CATH-2, has been previously shown to disrupt both Escherichia coli membranes and to release, at sub-lethal concentrations, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Since OMVs are considered promising vaccine candidates, we sought to investigate the effect of sub-bactericidal concentrations of PMAP-36 on both OMV release by a porcine strain of Bordetella bronchiseptica and on the modulation of immune responses to OMVs. PMAP-36 treatment of bacteria resulted in a slight increase in OMV release. The characteristics of PMAP-36-induced OMVs were compared with those of spontaneously released OMVs and OMVs induced by heat treatment. The stability of both PMAP-36- and heat-induced OMVs was decreased compared to spontaneous OMVs, as shown by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, treatment of bacteria with PMAP-36 or heat resulted in an increase in negatively charged phospholipids in the resulting OMVs. A large increase in lysophospholipid content was observed in heat-induced OMVs, which was at least partially due to the activity of the outer-membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA). Although PMAP-36 was detected in OMVs isolated from PMAP-36-treated bacteria, the immune response of porcine bone-marrow-derived macrophages to these OMVs was similar as those against spontaneous or heat-induced OMVs. Therefore, the effect of PMAP-36 addition after OMV isolation was investigated. This did decrease cytokine expression of OMV-stimulated macrophages. These results indicate that PMAP-36 is a promising molecule to attenuate undesirable immune responses, for instance in vaccines.
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Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Antón Z, Montes LR, Alonso A. Molecular and mesoscopic geometries in autophagosome generation. A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183731. [PMID: 34419487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential process in cell self-repair and survival. The centre of the autophagic event is the generation of the so-called autophagosome (AP), a vesicle surrounded by a double membrane (two bilayers). The AP delivers its cargo to a lysosome, for degradation and re-use of the hydrolysis products as new building blocks. AP formation is a very complex event, requiring dozens of specific proteins, and involving numerous instances of membrane biogenesis and architecture, including membrane fusion and fission. Many stages of AP generation can be rationalised in terms of curvature, both the molecular geometry of lipids interpreted in terms of 'intrinsic curvature', and the overall mesoscopic curvature of the whole membrane, as observed with microscopy techniques. The present contribution intends to bring together the worlds of biophysics and cell biology of autophagy, in the hope that the resulting cross-pollination will generate abundant fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Zuriñe Antón
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Axmann M, Plochberger B, Mikula M, Weber F, Strobl WM, Stangl H. Plasma Membrane Lipids: An Important Binding Site for All Lipoprotein Classes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110882. [PMID: 34832111 PMCID: PMC8622984 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the main constituents of plasma membranes; thus, its supply is of utmost importance. This review covers the known mechanisms of cholesterol transfer from circulating lipoprotein particles to the plasma membrane, and vice versa. To achieve homeostasis, the human body utilizes cellular de novo synthesis and extracellular transport particles for supply of cholesterol and other lipids via the blood stream. These lipoprotein particles can be classified according to their density: chylomicrons, very low, low, and high-density lipoprotein (VLDL, LDL, and HDL, respectively). They deliver and receive their lipid loads, most importantly cholesterol, to and from cells by several redundant routes. Defects in one of these pathways (e.g., due to mutations in receptors) usually are not immediately fatal. Several redundant pathways, at least temporarily, compensate for the loss of one or more of them, but the defects trigger systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis later on. Recently, intracellular membrane–membrane contact sites were shown to be involved in intracellular cholesterol transfer and the plasma membrane itself has been proposed to act as a binding site for lipoprotein-mediated cargo unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Axmann
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstrasse 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.A.); (B.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Birgit Plochberger
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstrasse 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.A.); (B.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Mario Mikula
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute for Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Florian Weber
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstrasse 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.A.); (B.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Witta Monika Strobl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute for Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute for Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
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48
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Wang M, Yi X. Bulging-to-Budding Transition of Lipid Droplets Confined within Vesicle Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12867-12873. [PMID: 34709829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that act as reservoirs for energy homeostasis and phospholipid balance between supply and consumption. In comparison with extensive studies on LD biogenesis from a biological viewpoint, little is known about the mechanical interaction between LDs and vesicles. Here we perform a systematic theoretical study on the budding and morphological evolution of an artificial LD embedded within the lipid membrane of a pressurized vesicle. It is found that LD bulging and budding depend on the bending rigidity and spontaneous curvature of the vesicle membrane, LD-vesicle interfacial interaction energy strength and size ratio, and osmotic pressure of the vesicle. Beyond critical interfacial interaction strength, the embedded LD undergoes a discontinuous shape transition from a lens-shaped bulge to a spherical protrusion connecting to the nearly spherical vesicle lumen via an infinitesimally small monolayer neck. Moreover, a positive monolayer spontaneous curvature promotes budding transition. As the vesicle becomes smaller, higher cost of the monolayer stretching energy is required for an LD to achieve budding transition. Budding phase diagrams distinguishing the embedded and budding states of the LD-vesicle complex accounting for osmotic pressure and interfacial interaction strength are established with the budding transition boundary displaying a nonmonotonic feature. Our results reveal how embedded LDs overcome soft membrane confinement and protrude, and provide fundamental insights into the clustering of nanoparticles between vesicle monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Volynsky PE, Smirnova AI, Akimov SA, Sokolov SS, Severin FF. The Membrane-Water Partition Coefficients of Antifungal, but Not Antibacterial, Membrane-Active Compounds Are Similar. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:756408. [PMID: 34803981 PMCID: PMC8602886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.756408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel E. Volynsky
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra I. Smirnova
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Akimov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav S. Sokolov
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor F. Severin
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Drab M, Pandur Ž, Penič S, Iglič A, Kralj-Iglič V, Stopar D. A Monte Carlo study of giant vesicle morphologies in nonequilibrium environments. Biophys J 2021; 120:4418-4428. [PMID: 34506775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that giant vesicles undergo dynamic morphological changes when exposed to a detergent. The solubilization process may take multiple pathways. In this work, we identify lipid vesicle shape dynamics before the solubilization of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine giant vesicles with Triton X-100 (TR) detergent. The violent lipid vesicle dynamics was observed with laser confocal scanning microscopy and was qualitatively explained via a numerical simulation. A three-dimensional Monte Carlo scheme was constructed that emulated the nonequilibrium conditions at the beginning stages of solubilization, accounting for a gradual addition of TR detergent molecules into the lipid bilayers. We suggest that the main driving factor for morphology change in lipid vesicles is the associative tendency of the TR molecules, which induces spontaneous curvature of the detergent inclusions, an intrinsic consequence of their molecular shape. The majority of the observed lipid vesicle shapes in the experiments were found to correspond very well to the numerically calculated shapes in the phase space of possible solutions. The results give an insight into the early stages of lipid vesicle solubilization by amphiphilic molecules, which is nonequilibrium in nature and very difficult to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitja Drab
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Žiga Pandur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Penič
- Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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