1
|
Iwai M, Patel-Tupper D, Niyogi KK. Structural Diversity in Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Light Harvesting. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:119-152. [PMID: 38360524 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-015519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis has been using energy from sunlight to assimilate atmospheric CO2 for at least 3.5 billion years. Through evolution and natural selection, photosynthetic organisms have flourished in almost all aquatic and terrestrial environments. This is partly due to the diversity of light-harvesting complex (LHC) proteins, which facilitate photosystem assembly, efficient excitation energy transfer, and photoprotection. Structural advances have provided angstrom-level structures of many of these proteins and have expanded our understanding of the pigments, lipids, and residues that drive LHC function. In this review, we compare and contrast recently observed cryo-electron microscopy structures across photosynthetic eukaryotes to identify structural motifs that underlie various light-harvesting strategies. We discuss subtle monomer changes that result in macroscale reorganization of LHC oligomers. Additionally, we find recurring patterns across diverse LHCs that may serve as evolutionary stepping stones for functional diversification. Advancing our understanding of LHC protein-environment interactions will improve our capacity to engineer more productive crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel-Tupper
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laisk A, Peterson RB, Oja V. Excitation transfer and quenching in photosystem II, enlightened by carotenoid triplet state in leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 160:31-44. [PMID: 38502255 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of carotenoid (Car) triplet states was investigated by singlet-triplet annihilation, measured as chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence quenching in sunflower and lettuce leaves. The leaves were illuminated by Xe flashes of 4 μs length at half-height and 525-565 or 410-490 nm spectral band, maximum intensity 2 mol quanta m-2 s-1, flash photon dose up to 10 μmol m-2 or 4-10 PSII excitations. Superimposed upon the non-photochemically unquenched Fmd state, fluorescence was strongly quenched near the flash maximum (minimum yield Fe), but returned to the Fmd level after 30-50 μs. The fraction of PSII containing a 3Car in equilibrium with singlet excitation was calculated as Te = (Fmd-Fe)/Fmd. Light dependence of Te was a rectangular hyperbola, whose initial slope and plateau were determined by the quantum yields of triplet formation and annihilation and by the triplet lifetime. The intrinsic lifetime was 9 μs, but it was strongly shortened by the presence of O2. The triplet yield was 0.66 without nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) but approached zero when NP-Quenched fluorescence approached 0.2 Fmd. The results show that in the Fmd state a light-adapted charge-separated PSIIL state is formed (Sipka et al., The Plant Cell 33:1286-1302, 2021) in which Pheo-P680+ radical pair formation is hindered, and excitation is terminated in the antenna by 3Car formation. The results confirm that there is no excitonic connectivity between PSII units. In the PSIIL state each PSII is individually turned into the NPQ state, where excess excitation is quenched in the antenna without 3Car formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agu Laisk
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse St. 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Richard B Peterson
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Vello Oja
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse St. 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feid C, Luma L, Fischer T, Löffler JG, Grebenovsky N, Wachtveitl J, Heckel A, Bredenbeck J. Iminothioindoxyl Donors with Exceptionally High Cross Section for Protein Vibrational Energy Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317047. [PMID: 38103205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Various protein functions are related to vibrational energy transfer (VET) as an important mechanism. The underlying transfer pathways can be experimentally followed by ultrafast Vis-pump/IR-probe spectroscopy with a donor-sensor pair of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) incorporated in a protein. However, so far only one donor ncAA, azulenylalanine (AzAla), exists, which suffers from a comparably low Vis extinction coefficient. Here, we introduce two novel donor ncAAs based on an iminothioindoxyl (ITI) chromophore. The dimethylamino-ITI (DMA-ITI) and julolidine-ITI (J-ITI) moieties overcome the limitation of AzAla with a 50 times higher Vis extinction coefficient. While ITI moieties are known for ultrafast photoswitching, DMA-ITI and J-ITI exclusively form a hot ground state on the sub-ps timescale instead, which is essential for their usage as vibrational energy donor. In VET measurements of donor-sensor dipeptides we investigate the performance of the new donors. We observe 20 times larger signals compared to the established AzAla donor, which opens unprecedented possibilities for the study of VET in proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Feid
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Larita Luma
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Tobias Fischer
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Jan Gerrit Löffler
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Nikolai Grebenovsky
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pedraza-González L, Accomasso D, Cupellini L, Granucci G, Mennucci B. Ultrafast excited-state dynamics of Luteins in the major light-harvesting complex LHCII. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:303-314. [PMID: 38151602 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid pigments are known to present a functional versatility when bound to light-harvesting complexes. This versatility originates from a strong correlation between a complex electronic structure and a flexible geometry that is easily tunable by the surrounding protein environment. Here, we investigated how the different L1 and L2 sites of the major trimeric light-harvesting complex (LHCII) of green plants tune the electronic structure of the two embedded luteins, and how this reflects on their ultrafast dynamics upon excitation. By combining molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, we found that the two luteins feature a different conformation around the second dihedral angle in the lumenal side. The s-cis preference of the lutein in site L2 allows for a more planar geometry of the π -conjugated backbone, which results in an increased degree of delocalization and a reduced excitation energy, explaining the experimentally observed red shift. Despite these remarkable differences, according to surface hopping simulations the two luteins present analogous ultrafast dynamics upon excitation: the bright S 2 state quickly decays (in ∼ 50 fs) to the dark intermediate S x , eventually ending up in the S 1 state. Furthermore, by employing two different theoretical approaches (i.e., Förster theory and an excitonic version of surface hopping), we investigated the experimentally debated energy transfer between the two luteins. With both approaches, no evident energy transfer was observed in the ultrafast timescale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pedraza-González
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Accomasso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Granucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Zeng T, Qu Z, Zhai Y, Li H. Energy transfer from two luteins to chlorophylls in light-harvesting complex II study by using exciton models with phase correction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1023-1029. [PMID: 38093671 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
In light-harvesting complex II of plants, the two lutein pigments (LUT1 and LUT2) are always paired and an energy transfer pathway between them is believed to exist. However, it remains unclear whether this pathway is essential for the energy transfer between carotenoids and chlorophylls. In this work, we performed hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations with Frenkel exciton models to investigate this energy transfer. The results show that the energy transfer pathways between the S2 state of LUT1 and CLAs are not affected by LUT2 S2. The energy transfer between LUT and chlorophyll-a (CLA) also follows a resonance mechanism. The two LUTs have different energy transfer pathways according to their energy gaps and coupling strengths with each CLA. The present work sheds light on the energy transfer pathways involved in the two LUTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, China.
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, China.
| | - Yu Zhai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fischer T, Köhler L, Engel PD, Song C, Gärtner W, Wachtveitl J, Slavov C. Conserved tyrosine in phytochromes controls the photodynamics through steric demand and hydrogen bonding capabilities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148996. [PMID: 37437858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.148996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Using ultrafast spectroscopy and site-specific mutagenesis, we demonstrate the central role of a conserved tyrosine within the chromophore binding pocket in the forward (Pr → Pfr) photoconversion of phytochromes. Taking GAF1 of the knotless phytochrome All2699g1 from Nostoc as representative member of phytochromes, it was found that the mutations have no influence on the early (<30 ps) dynamics associated with conformational changes of the chromophore in the excited state. Conversely, they drastically impact the extended protein-controlled excited state decay (>100 ps). Thus, the steric demand, position and H-bonding capabilities of the identified tyrosine control the chromophore photoisomerization while leaving the excited state chromophore dynamics unaffected. In effect, this residue operates as an isomerization-steric-gate that tunes the excited state lifetime and the photoreaction efficiency by modulating the available space of the chromophore and by stabilizing the primary intermediate Lumi-R. Understanding the role of such a conserved structural element sheds light on a key aspect of phytochrome functionality and provides a basis for rational design of optimized photoreceptors for biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Lisa Köhler
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Philipp D Engel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Chen Song
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Gärtner
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, 33620 Tampa, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Zeng T, Zhai Y, Qu Z, Li H. Intermolecular resonance energy transfer between two lutein pigments in light-harvesting complex II studied by frenkel exciton models. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24636-24642. [PMID: 37665609 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The energy transfer pathways in light-harvesting complex II are complicated and the discovery of the energy transfer between the two luteins revealed an unelucidated important role of carotenoids in the energy flow. This energy transfer between the two S2 states of luteins was for the first time investigated using Frenkel exciton models, using a hybrid scheme of molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics. The results show the energy flow between the two luteins under the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. The energy transfer caused by energy level resonance occurs in configurations with small energy gaps. This energy transfer pathway is particularly sensitive to conformation. Moreover, according to the statistical characteristics of the data of the energy gaps and coupling values between LUTs, we proposed stochastic exciton Hamiltonian models to facilitate clarification of the energy transfer among pigments in antenna complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, China.
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Yu Zhai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, China.
| | - Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petry S, Tremblay JC, Götze JP. Impact of Structure, Coupling Scheme, and State of Interest on the Energy Transfer in CP29. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7207-7219. [PMID: 37581578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The Qy and Bx excitation energy transfer (EET) in the minor light-harvesting complex CP29 (LHCII B4.1) antenna complex of Pisum sativum was characterized using a computational approach. We applied Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and the transition density cube (TDC) method to estimate the Coulombic coupling, based on a combination of classical molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. Employing TDC instead of FRET mostly affects the EET between chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids (Crts), as expected due to the Crts being spatially more challenging for FRET. Only between Chls, effects are found to be small (about only 0.1 EET efficiency change when introducing TDC instead of FRET). Effects of structural sampling were found to be small, illustrated by a small average standard deviation for the Qy state coupling elements (FRET/TDC: 0.97/0.94 cm-1). Due to the higher flexibility of the Bx state, the corresponding deviations are larger (FRET/TDC between Chl-Chl pairs: 17.58/22.67 cm-1, between Crt-Chl pairs: 62.58/31.63 cm-1). In summary, it was found for the Q band that the coupling between Chls varies only slightly depending on FRET or TDC, resulting in a minute effect on EET acceptor preference. In contrast, the coupling in the B band spectral region is found to be more affected. Here, the S2 (1Bu) states of the spatially challenging Crts may act as acceptors in addition to the B states of the Chls. Depending on FRET or TDC, several Chls show different Chl-to-Crt couplings. Interestingly, the EET between Chls or Crts in the B band is found to often outcompete the corresponding decay processes. The individual efficiencies for B band EET to Crts vary however strongly with the chosen coupling scheme (e.g., up to 0.29/0.99 FRET/TDC efficiency for the Chl a604/neoxanthin pair). Thus, the choice of the coupling scheme must involve a consideration of the state of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Petry
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J C Tremblay
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| | - J P Götze
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thwaites O, Christianson BM, Cowan AJ, Jäckel F, Liu LN, Gardner AM. Unravelling the Roles of Integral Polypeptides in Excitation Energy Transfer of Photosynthetic RC-LH1 Supercomplexes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7283-7290. [PMID: 37556839 PMCID: PMC10461223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the photosynthetic processes that occur within the reaction center-light-harvesting 1 (RC-LH1) supercomplexes from purple bacteria is crucial for uncovering the assembly and functional mechanisms of natural photosynthetic systems and underpinning the development of artificial photosynthesis. Here, we examined excitation energy transfer of various RC-LH1 supercomplexes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides using transient absorption spectroscopy, coupled with lifetime density analysis, and studied the roles of the integral transmembrane polypeptides, PufX and PufY, in energy transfer within the RC-LH1 core complex. Our results show that the absence of PufX increases both the LH1 → RC excitation energy transfer lifetime and distribution due to the role of PufX in defining the interaction and orientation of the RC within the LH1 ring. While the absence of PufY leads to the conformational shift of several LH1 subunits toward the RC, it does not result in a marked change in the excitation energy transfer lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen Thwaites
- Stephenson
Institute of Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, U.K.
| | - Bern M. Christianson
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- Stephenson
Institute of Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Frank Jäckel
- Stephenson
Institute of Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, U.K.
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute
of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K.
- College
of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean
Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University
of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Adrian M. Gardner
- Stephenson
Institute of Renewable Energy, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
- Early Career
Laser Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen X, Ding B, Zhang X, Yu J, Song M, Li R. Regulatory mechanism of high-concentration CO 2 on polysaccharide accumulation in Tetradesmus obliquus cultured in sludge extract. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62867-62879. [PMID: 36949373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae such as Tetradesmus obliquus have great potential in immobilizing high-concentration CO2 and removing highly toxic organic matters, which could be produced from coal chemical industry and coal chemical wastewater biological treatment process. In this study, Tetradesmus obliquus was cultured in sludge extract and high-concentration CO2 was added. The maximum cell density and dry weight were respectively (111.46 ± 4.87) × 106 cell/mL and 3.365 ± 0.168 g/L under 30% CO2. Tetradesmus obliquus accumulated the most polysaccharides (629.60 ± 31.48 mg/L) on the 30th day under 30% CO2. The results of proteomic showed that the upregulation of A0A2Z4THB7 and A0A383VAT1 promoted polysaccharide accumulation. Polysaccharide was mainly formed at the stable phase instead of the log-growth phase due to the abiotic stress caused by high TOC at the log-growth phase. Collectively, this study revealed the regulatory mechanism of high-concentration CO2 on the toxicity removal and accumulation of polysaccharides in Tetradesmus obliquus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Biao Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meijing Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Renjie Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kolackova M, Janova A, Dobesova M, Zvalova M, Chaloupsky P, Krystofova O, Adam V, Huska D. Role of secondary metabolites in distressed microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115392. [PMID: 36746204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proficient photosynthetic microalgae/cyanobacteria produce a remarkable amount of various biomolecules. Secondary metabolites (SM) represent high value products for global biotrend application. Production improvement can be achieved by nutritional, environmental, and physiological stress as a first line tools for their stimulation. In recent decade, an increasing interest in algal stress biology and omics techniques have deepened knowledge in this area. However, deep understanding and connection of specific stress elucidator are missing. Hence, the present review summarizes recent evidence with an emphasis on the carotenoids, phenolic, and less-discussed compounds (glycerol, proline, mycosporins-like amino acids). Even when they are synthesized at very low concentrations, it highlights the need to expand knowledge in this area using genome-editing tools and omics approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kolackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Janova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Dobesova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zvalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Chaloupsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Krystofova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Huska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Y, Zhao J, Song M, Yu J, Yu X, Ding B, Chen X. Analysis of photosynthetic pigments pathway produced by CO 2-toxicity-induced Scenedesmus obliquus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161309. [PMID: 36623657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The coal-to-gas process produces carbon dioxide, which increases global warming, and its wastewater treatment generates sludge with high organic toxicity. Scenedesmus obliquus is a potential solution to such environmental problems, and photosynthetic pigments are the focus of this study. The optimal concentration of CO2 for the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus was found to be 30 % after increasing the concentration of CO2 (0.05 %-100 %). The accumulation of photosynthetic pigments during cultivation could reach 31.74 ± 1.33 mg/L, 11.21 ± 0.42 mg/L, and 5.59 ± 0.19 mg/L respectively, and the organic toxicity of sludge extract could be reduced by 44.97 %. Upregulation of A0A383VSL5, A0A383WMQ3, and A0A2Z4THB7 as photo systemic oxygen release proteins and propylene phosphate isomerase resulted in oxygen-evolving proteins in photosystem II, electron transport in photosystem I, and intermediates in carbon fixation. This is achieved by increasing the intracellular antennae protein and carbon fixation pathway, allowing Scenedesmus obliquus to both tolerate and fix CO2 and reduce the organic toxicity of sludge. These findings provide insights into the innovative strategy underlining the fixation of CO2, treatment and disposal of industrial residual sludge, and the enhancement of microalgal biomass production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Meijing Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiurong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Šímová I, Kuznetsova V, Gardiner AT, Šebelík V, Koblížek M, Fuciman M, Polívka T. Carotenoid responds to excess energy dissipation in the LH2 complex from Rhodoblastus acidophilus. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:75-87. [PMID: 36066816 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The functions of both (bacterio) chlorophylls and carotenoids in light-harvesting complexes have been extensively studied during the past decade, yet, the involvement of BChl a high-energy Soret band in the cascade of light-harvesting processes still remains a relatively unexplored topic. Here, we present transient absorption data recorded after excitation of the Soret band in the LH2 complex from Rhodoblastus acidophilus. Comparison of obtained data to those recorded after excitation of rhodopin glucoside and B800 BChl a suggests that no Soret-to-Car energy transfer pathway is active in LH2 complex. Furthermore, a spectrally rich pattern observed in the spectral region of rhodopin glucoside ground state bleaching (420-550 nm) has been assigned to an electrochromic shift. The results of global fitting analysis demonstrate two more features. A 6 ps component obtained exclusively after excitation of the Soret band has been assigned to the response of rhodopin glucoside to excess energy dissipation in LH2. Another time component, ~ 450 ps, appearing independently of the excitation wavelength was assigned to BChl a-to-Car triplet-triplet transfer. Presented data demonstrate several new features of LH2 complex and its behavior following the excitation of the Soret band.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šímová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Valentyna Kuznetsova
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alastair T Gardiner
- Laboratory of Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šebelík
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Dynamical Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching b. Munich, Germany
| | - Michal Koblížek
- Laboratory of Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gorai T, Lovitt JI, Umadevi D, McManus G, Gunnlaugsson T. Hierarchical supramolecular co-assembly formation employing multi-component light-harvesting charge transfer interactions giving rise to long-wavelength emitting luminescent microspheres. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7805-7813. [PMID: 35865882 PMCID: PMC9258320 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) interaction induced formation of a hierarchical supramolecular assembly has attracted attention due to its wide diversity of structural and functional characteristics. In the present work, we report the generation of green luminescent microspheres from the charge transfer interaction induced co-assembly of a bis-naphthyl dipicolinic amide (DPA) derivative with tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) for the first time. The properties of these self-assemblies were studied both in solution and the solid-state using spectroscopic and a variety of microscopy techniques. The X-ray crystal structure analysis showed a mixed stack arrangement of DPA and TCNB. The molecular orbital and energy level calculations confirm the charge transfer complex formation between DPA and TCNB. Furthermore, energy transfer was observed from the green luminescent CT complex to a red-emitting dye, pyronin Y, in the microsphere matrix, leading to the formation of a light-harvesting tri-component self-assembly. Green luminescent microspheres, generated via charge-transfer interaction-induced hierarchical co-assembly of a bis-naphthyl dipicolinic amide derivative and tetracyanobenzene, transfer energy to long-wave emitting dye.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tumpa Gorai
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - June I. Lovitt
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Ireland
| | - Deivasigamani Umadevi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad (IITPKD), Palakkad-678557, Kerala, India
| | - Gavin McManus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Open hardware microsecond dispersive transient absorption spectrometer for linear optical response. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:23-35. [PMID: 34748198 PMCID: PMC8799588 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract An open hardware design and implementation for a transient absorption spectrometer are presented that has microsecond time resolution and measures full difference spectra in the visible spectral region from 380 to 750 nm. The instrument has been designed to allow transient absorption spectroscopy measurements of either low or high quantum yield processes by combining intense sub-microsecond excitation flashes using a xenon lamp together with stroboscopic non-actinic white light probing using LED sources driven under high pulsed current from a capacitor bank. The instrument is sensitive to resolve 0.15 mOD flash-induced differences within 1000 measurements at 20 Hz repetition rate using an inexpensive CCD sensor with 200 μm pixel dimension, 40 K electrons full well capacity and a dynamic range of 1800. The excitation flash has 230 ns pulse duration and the 2 mJ flash energy allows spectral filtering while retaining high power density with focussing to generate mOD signals in the 10–4–10–1 ΔOD range. We present the full electronics design and construction of the flash and probe sources, the optics as well as the timing electronics and CCD spectrometer operation and modification for internal signal referencing. The performance characterisation and example measurements are demonstrated using microsecond TAS of Congo red dye, as an example of a low quantum yield photoreaction at 2% with up to 78% of molecules excited. The instrument is fully open hardware and combines inexpensive selection of commercial components, optics and electronics and allows linear response measurements of photoinduced reactions for the purpose of accurate global analysis of chemical dynamics. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43630-021-00127-6.
Collapse
|
16
|
Drought and Elevated CO2 Impacts Photosynthesis and Biochemicals of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). STRESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses1040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drought-induced reduction in crop growth and productivity can be compensated by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a significant contributor to climate change. Drought stress (DS) affects crops worldwide due to dwindling water resources and irregular rainfall patterns. The experiment was set up under a randomized complete block design within a three-by-two factorial arrangement. Six SPAR chambers represent three blocks (10 replications each), where each chamber has 30 pots in three rows. Each chamber was maintained with 30/22 (day/night) °C temperature, with either ambient (aCO2; 420 ppm) or elevated CO2 (eCO2; 720 ppm) concentrations. This experiment was designed to address the impact of DS on the physiological and biochemical attributes and study how the eCO2 helps alleviate the adversity of DS in basil. The study demonstrated that DS + eCO2 application highly accelerated the decrease in all forms of carotene and xanthophylls. eCO2 positively influenced and increased anthocyanin (Antho) and chlorophyll (LChl). eCO2 supplementation increased LChl content in basil under DS. Furthermore, DS significantly impeded the photosynthetic system in plants by decreasing CO2 availability and causing stomatal closure. Although eCO2 did not increase net photosynthesis (Pn) activity, it decreased stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf transpiration rate (E) under DS, showing that eCO2 can improve plant water use efficiency by lowering E and gs. Peroxidase and ascorbate activity were higher due to the eCO2 supply to acclimate the basil under the DS condition. This study suggests that the combination of eCO2 during DS positively impacts basil’s photosynthetic parameters and biochemical traits than aCO2.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fischer T, van Wilderen LJGW, Gnau P, Bredenbeck J, Essen LO, Wachtveitl J, Slavov C. Ultrafast Photoconversion Dynamics of the Knotless Phytochrome SynCph2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910690. [PMID: 34639031 PMCID: PMC8508867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of phytochrome photoreceptors contains proteins with different domain architectures and spectral properties. Knotless phytochromes are one of the three main subgroups classified by their distinct lack of the PAS domain in their photosensory core module, which is in contrast to the canonical PAS-GAF-PHY array. Despite intensive research on the ultrafast photodynamics of phytochromes, little is known about the primary kinetics in knotless phytochromes. Here, we present the ultrafast Pr ⇆ Pfr photodynamics of SynCph2, the best-known knotless phytochrome. Our results show that the excited state lifetime of Pr* (~200 ps) is similar to bacteriophytochromes, but much longer than in most canonical phytochromes. We assign the slow Pr* kinetics to relaxation processes of the chromophore-binding pocket that controls the bilin chromophore’s isomerization step. The Pfr photoconversion dynamics starts with a faster excited state relaxation than in canonical phytochromes, but, despite the differences in the respective domain architectures, proceeds via similar ground state intermediate steps up to Meta-F. Based on our observations, we propose that the kinetic features and overall dynamics of the ultrafast photoreaction are determined to a great extent by the geometrical context (i.e., available space and flexibility) within the binding pocket, while the general reaction steps following the photoexcitation are most likely conserved among the red/far-red phytochromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Luuk J. G. W. van Wilderen
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.J.G.W.v.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Petra Gnau
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (P.G.); (L.-O.E.)
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (L.J.G.W.v.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (P.G.); (L.-O.E.)
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany;
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Srivastava R. Physicochemical, antioxidant properties of carotenoids and its optoelectronic and interaction studies with chlorophyll pigments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18365. [PMID: 34526535 PMCID: PMC8443628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of seven carotenoids: antheraxanthin, β-carotene, neoxanthin, peridinin, violaxanthin, xanthrophyll and zeaxanthin were studied by theoretical means. Then the Optoelectronic properties and interaction of chlorophyll-carotenoid complexes are analysed by TDDFT and IGMPLOT. Global reactivity descriptors for carotenoids and chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb) are calculated via conceptual density functional theory (CDFT). The higher HOMO-LUMO (HL) gap indicated structural stability of carotenoid, chlorophyll and chlorophyll-carotenoid complexes. The chemical hardness for carotenoids and Chlorophyll is found to be lower in the solvent medium than in the gas phase. Results showed that carotenoids can be used as good reactive nucleophile due to lower µ and ω. As proton affinities (PAs) are much lower than the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs), it is anticipated that direct antioxidant activity in these carotenoids is mainly due to the sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanism with dominant solvent effects. Also lower PAs of carotenoid suggest that antioxidant activity by the SPLET mechanism should be a result of a balance between proclivities to transfer protons. Reaction rate constant with Transition-State Theory (TST) were estimated for carotenoid-Chlorophyll complexes in gas phase. Time dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) showed that all the chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb)-carotenoid complexes show absorption wavelength in the visible region. The lower S1-T1 adiabatic energy gap indicated ISC transition from S1 to T1 state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Srivastava
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hancock AM, Son M, Nairat M, Wei T, Jeuken LJC, Duffy CDP, Schlau-Cohen GS, Adams PG. Ultrafast energy transfer between lipid-linked chromophores and plant light-harvesting complex II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19511-19524. [PMID: 34524278 PMCID: PMC8442836 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01628h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Light-Harvesting Complex II (LHCII) is a membrane protein found in plant chloroplasts that has the crucial role of absorbing solar energy and subsequently performing excitation energy transfer to the reaction centre subunits of Photosystem II. LHCII provides strong absorption of blue and red light, however, it has minimal absorption in the green spectral region where solar irradiance is maximal. In a recent proof-of-principle study, we enhanced the absorption in this spectral range by developing a biohybrid system where LHCII proteins together with lipid-linked Texas Red (TR) chromophores were assembled into lipid membrane vesicles. The utility of these systems was limited by significant LHCII quenching due to protein-protein interactions and heterogeneous lipid structures. Here, we organise TR and LHCII into a lipid nanodisc, which provides a homogeneous, well-controlled platform to study the interactions between TR molecules and single LHCII complexes. Fluorescence spectroscopy determined that TR-to-LHCII energy transfer has an efficiency of at least 60%, resulting in a 262% enhancement of LHCII fluorescence in the 525-625 nm range, two-fold greater than in the previous system. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed two time constants of 3.7 and 128 ps for TR-to-LHCII energy transfer. Structural modelling and theoretical calculations indicate that these timescales correspond to TR-lipids that are loosely- or tightly-associated with the protein, respectively, with estimated TR-to-LHCII separations of ∼3.5 nm and ∼1 nm. Overall, we demonstrate that a nanodisc-based biohybrid system provides an idealised platform to explore the photophysical interactions between extrinsic chromophores and membrane proteins with potential applications in understanding more complex natural or artificial photosynthetic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Hancock
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Minjung Son
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Muath Nairat
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Tiejun Wei
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lars J C Jeuken
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher D P Duffy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gabriela S Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Peter G Adams
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Investigating carotenoid photophysics in photosynthesis with 2D electronic spectroscopy. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
21
|
Malý P, Brixner T. Fluoreszenz‐detektierte Pump‐Probe‐Spektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Malý P, Brixner T. Fluorescence-Detected Pump-Probe Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18867-18875. [PMID: 34152074 PMCID: PMC8457154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new approach to transient spectroscopy, fluorescence-detected pump-probe (F-PP) spectroscopy, that overcomes several limitations of traditional PP. F-PP suppresses excited-state absorption, provides background-free detection, removes artifacts resulting from pump-pulse scattering, from non-resonant solvent response, or from coherent pulse overlap, and allows unique extraction of excited-state dynamics under certain conditions. Despite incoherent detection, time resolution of F-PP is given by the duration of the laser pulses, independent of the fluorescence lifetime. We describe the working principle of F-PP and provide its theoretical description. Then we illustrate specific features of F-PP by direct comparison with PP, theoretically and experimentally. For this purpose, we investigate, with both techniques, a molecular squaraine heterodimer, core-shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and fluorescent protein mCherry. F-PP is broadly applicable to chemical systems in various environments and in different spectral regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Elias E, Liguori N, Saga Y, Schäfers J, Croce R. Harvesting Far-Red Light with Plant Antenna Complexes Incorporating Chlorophyll d. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3313-3322. [PMID: 34269578 PMCID: PMC8356222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the absorption cross section of plants by introducing far-red absorbing chlorophylls (Chls) has been proposed as a strategy to boost crop yields. To make this strategy effective, these Chls should bind to the photosynthetic complexes without altering their functional architecture. To investigate if plant-specific antenna complexes can provide the protein scaffold to accommodate these Chls, we have reconstituted the main light-harvesting complex (LHC) of plants LHCII in vitro and in silico, with Chl d. The results demonstrate that LHCII can bind Chl d in a number of binding sites, shifting the maximum absorption ∼25 nm toward the red with respect to the wild-type complex (LHCII with Chl a and b) while maintaining the native LHC architecture. Ultrafast spectroscopic measurements show that the complex is functional in light harvesting and excitation energy transfer. Overall, we here demonstrate that it is possible to obtain plant LHCs with enhanced far-red absorption and intact functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Elias
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Liguori
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoshitaka Saga
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Judith Schäfers
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics,
Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Šebelík V, Kuznetsova V, Lokstein H, Polívka T. Transient Absorption of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids after Two-Photon Excitation of LHCII. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3176-3181. [PMID: 33755477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy following two-photon excitation (2PE) is used to determine the contributions of carotenoids and chlorophylls to the 2PE signals in the main plant light-harvesting complex (LHCII). For 2PE, excitation at 1210 and 1300 nm was used, being within the known 2PE profile of LHCII. At both excitation wavelengths, the transient absorption spectra exhibit a shape characteristic of excited chlorophylls with only a minor contribution from carotenoids. We compare the 2PE data measured for LHCII with those obtained from 2PE of a lutein/chlorophyll a mixture in acetone. We estimate that although the 2PE cross section of a single carotenoid in acetone is ∼1.7 times larger than that of a Chl a, due to the 1:3.5 carotenoid/Chl ratio in LHCII, only one-third of the absorbed 2PE photons excite carotenoids in LHCII in the 1200-1300 nm range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šebelík
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Valentyna Kuznetsova
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu J, van Iersel MW. Photosynthetic Physiology of Blue, Green, and Red Light: Light Intensity Effects and Underlying Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:619987. [PMID: 33747002 PMCID: PMC7977723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.619987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Red and blue light are traditionally believed to have a higher quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (QY, moles of CO2 assimilated per mole of photons) than green light, because green light is absorbed less efficiently. However, because of its lower absorptance, green light can penetrate deeper and excite chlorophyll deeper in leaves. We hypothesized that, at high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), green light may achieve higher QY and net CO2 assimilation rate (A n) than red or blue light, because of its more uniform absorption throughtout leaves. To test the interactive effects of PPFD and light spectrum on photosynthesis, we measured leaf A n of "Green Tower" lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red, blue, and green light, and combinations of those at PPFDs from 30 to 1,300 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1. The electron transport rates (J) and the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (V c,max) at low (200 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1) and high PPFD (1,000 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1) were estimated from photosynthetic CO2 response curves. Both QY m,inc (maximum QY on incident PPFD basis) and J at low PPFD were higher under red light than under blue and green light. Factoring in light absorption, QY m,abs (the maximum QY on absorbed PPFD basis) under green and red light were both higher than under blue light, indicating that the low QY m,inc under green light was due to lower absorptance, while absorbed blue photons were used inherently least efficiently. At high PPFD, the QY inc [gross CO2 assimilation (A g)/incident PPFD] and J under red and green light were similar, and higher than under blue light, confirming our hypothesis. V c,max may not limit photosynthesis at a PPFD of 200 μmol m-2 s-1 and was largely unaffected by light spectrum at 1,000 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1. A g and J under different spectra were positively correlated, suggesting that the interactive effect between light spectrum and PPFD on photosynthesis was due to effects on J. No interaction between the three colors of light was detected. In summary, at low PPFD, green light had the lowest photosynthetic efficiency because of its low absorptance. Contrary, at high PPFD, QY inc under green light was among the highest, likely resulting from more uniform distribution of green light in leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Horticultural Physiology Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Emerging research in plant photosynthesis. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:137-150. [PMID: 32573736 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis involves capturing light energy and, most often, converting it to chemical energy stored as reduced carbon. It is the source of food, fuel, and fiber and there is a resurgent interest in basic research on photosynthesis. Plants make excellent use of visible light energy; leaves are ideally suited to optimize light use by having a large area per amount of material invested and also having leaf angles to optimize light utilization. It is thought that plants do not use green light but in fact they use green light better than blue light under some conditions. Leaves also have mechanisms to protect against excess light and how these work in a stochastic light environment is currently a very active area of current research. The speed at which photosynthesis can begin when leaves are first exposed to light and the speed of induction of protective mechanisms, as well as the speed at which protective mechanisms dissipate when light levels decline, have recently been explored. Research is also focused on reducing wasteful processes such as photorespiration, when oxygen instead of carbon dioxide is used. Some success has been reported in altering the path of carbon in photorespiration but on closer inspection there appears to be unforeseen effects contributing to the good news. The stoichiometry of interaction of light reactions with carbon metabolism is rigid and the time constants vary tremendously presenting large challenges to regulatory mechanisms. Regulatory mechanisms will be the topic of photosynthesis research for some time to come.
Collapse
|
27
|
Forster M, Cheung DWF, Gardner AM, Cowan AJ. Potential and pitfalls: On the use of transient absorption spectroscopy for in situ and operando studies of photoelectrodes. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:150901. [PMID: 33092350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we discuss the application, advantages, and potential pitfalls of using transient UV/Vis (ultraviolet-visible) absorption spectroscopy to study photoelectrodes for water splitting. We revisit one of the most commonly studied water oxidation photoanodes (α-Fe2O3-x) to provide commentary and guidelines on experiment design and data analysis for transient absorption (TA) studies of photoelectrodes within a photoelectrochemical cell. We also assess the applicability of such in situ TA studies to understand photoelectrodes under operating conditions. A major limitation is that most, if not all, past in situ TA studies have been carried out using only pulsed light sources to generate carriers, with the electrode held in the dark at other times, which is shown to be a poor model for operating conditions. However, with a simple modification of existing TA experiments, a simple operando TA measurement is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Forster
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W F Cheung
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M Gardner
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Cowan
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saccon F, Durchan M, Polívka T, Ruban AV. The robustness of the terminal emitter site in major LHCII complexes controls xanthophyll function during photoprotection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1308-1318. [PMID: 32815966 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophylls in light harvesting complexes perform a number of functions ranging from structural support to light-harvesting and photoprotection. In the major light harvesting complex of photosystem II in plants (LHCII), the innermost xanthophyll binding pockets are occupied by lutein molecules. The conservation of these sites within the LHC protein family suggests their importance in LHCII functionality. In the present work, we induced the photoprotective switch in LHCII isolated from the Arabidopsis mutant npq1lut2, where the lutein molecules are exchanged with violaxanthin. Despite the differences in the energetics of the pigments and the impairment of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in vivo, we show that isolated complexes containing violaxanthin are still able to induce the quenching switch to a similar extent to wild type LHCII monomers. Moreover, the same spectroscopic changes take place, which suggest the involvement of the terminal emitter site (L1) in energy dissipation in both complexes. These results indicate the robust nature of the L1 xanthophyll binding domain in LHCII, where protein structural cues are the major determinant of the function of the bound carotenoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saccon
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Milan Durchan
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road E1 4NS, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Photoprotective Role of Neoxanthin in Plants and Algae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204617. [PMID: 33050573 PMCID: PMC7587190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a paramount parameter driving photosynthesis. However, excessive irradiance leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that cause cell damage and hamper the growth of photosynthetic organisms. Xanthophylls are key pigments involved in the photoprotective response of plants and algae to excessive light. Of particular relevance is the operation of xanthophyll cycles (XC) leading to the formation of de-epoxidized molecules with energy dissipating capacities. Neoxanthin, found in plants and algae in two different isomeric forms, is involved in the light stress response at different levels. This xanthophyll is not directly involved in XCs and the molecular mechanisms behind its photoprotective activity are yet to be fully resolved. This review comprehensively addresses the photoprotective role of 9′-cis-neoxanthin, the most abundant neoxanthin isomer, and one of the major xanthophyll components in plants’ photosystems. The light-dependent accumulation of all-trans-neoxanthin in photosynthetic cells was identified exclusively in algae of the order Bryopsidales (Chlorophyta), that lack a functional XC. A putative photoprotective model involving all-trans-neoxanthin is discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Artes Vivancos JM, van Stokkum IHM, Saccon F, Hontani Y, Kloz M, Ruban A, van Grondelle R, Kennis JTM. Unraveling the Excited-State Dynamics and Light-Harvesting Functions of Xanthophylls in Light-Harvesting Complex II Using Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17346-17355. [PMID: 32878439 PMCID: PMC7564077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Photosynthesis
in plants starts with the capture of photons by
light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). Structural biology and spectroscopy
approaches have led to a map of the architecture and energy transfer
pathways between LHC pigments. Still, controversies remain regarding
the role of specific carotenoids in light-harvesting and photoprotection,
obligating the need for high-resolution techniques capable of identifying
excited-state signatures and molecular identities of the various pigments
in photosynthetic systems. Here we demonstrate the successful application
of femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) to a multichromophoric
biological complex, trimers of LHCII. We demonstrate the application
of global and target analysis (GTA) to FSRS data and utilize it to
quantify excitation migration in LHCII trimers. This powerful combination
of techniques allows us to obtain valuable insights into structural,
electronic, and dynamic information from the carotenoids of LHCII
trimers. We report spectral and dynamical information on ground- and
excited-state vibrational modes of the different pigments, resolving
the vibrational relaxation of the carotenoids and the pathways of
energy transfer to chlorophylls. The lifetimes and spectral characteristics
obtained for the S1 state confirm that lutein 2 has a distorted conformation
in LHCII and that the lutein 2 S1 state does not transfer to chlorophylls,
while lutein 1 is the only carotenoid whose S1 state plays a significant
energy-harvesting role. No appreciable energy transfer takes place
from lutein 1 to lutein 2, contradicting recent proposals regarding
the functions of the various carotenoids (Son et al. Chem.2019, 5 (3), 575–584). Also, our results demonstrate that FSRS can be used in combination
with GTA to simultaneously study the electronic and vibrational landscapes
in LHCs and pave the way for in-depth studies of photoprotective conformations
in photosynthetic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Artes Vivancos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Science, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Saccon
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road/E1 4NS London, U.K
| | - Yusaku Hontani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ruban
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road/E1 4NS London, U.K
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John T M Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Femtosecond visible transient absorption spectroscopy of chlorophyll- f-containing photosystem II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23158-23164. [PMID: 32868421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006016117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered, chlorophyll-f-containing, far-red photosystem II (FR-PSII) supports far-red light photosynthesis. Participation and kinetics of spectrally shifted far-red pigments are directly observable and separated from that of bulk chlorophyll-a We present an ultrafast transient absorption study of FR-PSII, investigating energy transfer and charge separation processes. Results show a rapid subpicosecond energy transfer from chlorophyll-a to the long-wavelength chlorophylls-f/d The data demonstrate the decay of an ∼720-nm negative feature on the picosecond-to-nanosecond timescales, coinciding with charge separation, secondary electron transfer, and stimulated emission decay. An ∼675-nm bleach attributed to the loss of chl-a absorption due to the formation of a cation radical, PD1 +•, is only fully developed in the nanosecond spectra, indicating an unusually delayed formation. A major spectral feature on the nanosecond timescale at 725 nm is attributed to an electrochromic blue shift of a FR-chlorophyll among the reaction center pigments. These time-resolved observations provide direct experimental support for the model of Nürnberg et al. [D. J. Nürnberg et al., Science 360, 1210-1213 (2018)], in which the primary electron donor is a FR-chlorophyll and the secondary donor is chlorophyll-a (PD1 of the central chlorophyll pair). Efficient charge separation also occurs using selective excitation of long-wavelength chlorophylls-f/d, and the localization of the excited state on P720* points to a smaller (entropic) energy loss compared to conventional PSII, where the excited state is shared over all of the chlorin pigments. This has important repercussions on understanding the overall energetics of excitation energy transfer and charge separation reactions in FR-PSII.
Collapse
|
32
|
Khokhlov D, Belov A. Ab Initio Study of Low-Lying Excited States of Carotenoid-Derived Polyenes. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5790-5803. [PMID: 32573233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about excited states of carotenoids is essential for understanding photophysical processes underlying photosynthesis. However, due to the presence of a large number of optically dark states, experimental study of the excited-state manifold is limited to a significant extent. In this paper, we apply high-level ab initio quantum chemical methods to study the low-lying excited states of polyenes containing from 8 to 13 conjugated double bonds, which serve as a model for natural carotenoids. Vertical and adiabatic excitation energies from the ground 1Ag- state to the excited 2Ag-, 1Bu+, and 1Bu- states were evaluated by means of density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) with NEVPT2 perturbative correction. The energies of all excited states are highly sensitive to nuclear geometry, especially the 2Ag- state. Thus, the 2Ag- and 1Bu+ states interchange their relative positions upon geometry relaxation, while the vertical excitation energy to the 2Ag- state is rather high. At the same time, the 1Bu- state energy is shown to be higher than other studied excited states at any geometry. With relaxed geometries of the excited states, absorption and transient absorption spectra were calculated within the Franck-Condon approximation bridging the gap between experimental spectroscopic data and computational results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Khokhlov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Belov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khan T, Dominguez-Martin MA, Šímová I, Fuciman M, Kerfeld CA, Polívka T. Excited-State Properties of Canthaxanthin in Cyanobacterial Carotenoid-Binding Proteins HCP2 and HCP3. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4896-4905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Khan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Agustina Dominguez-Martin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ivana Šímová
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cheryl A. Kerfeld
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Excitation dynamics and relaxation in the major antenna of a marine green alga Bryopsis corticulans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148186. [PMID: 32171793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The light-harvesting complexes II (LHCIIs) of spinach and Bryopsis corticulans as a green alga are similar in structure, but differ in carotenoid (Car) and chlorophyll (Chl) compositions. Carbonyl Cars siphonein (Spn) and siphonaxanthin (Spx) bind to B. corticulans LHCII likely in the sites as a pair of lutein (Lut) molecules bind to spinach LHCII in the central domain. To understand the light-harvesting and photoprotective properties of the algal LHCII, we compared its excitation dynamics and relaxation to those of spinach LHCII been well documented. It was found that B. corticulans LHCII exhibited a substantially longer chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence lifetime (4.9 ns vs 4.1 ns) and a 60% increase of the fluorescence quantum yield. Photoexcitation populated 3Car* equally between Spn and Spx in B. corticulans LHCII, whereas predominantly at Lut620 in spinach LHCII. These results prove the functional differences of the LHCIIs with different Car pairs and Chl a/b ratios: B. corticulans LHCII shows the enhanced blue-green light absorption, the alleviated quenching of 1Chl*, and the dual sites of quenching 3Chl*, which may facilitate its light-harvesting and photoprotection functions. Moreover, for both types of LHCIIs, the triplet excitation profiles revealed the involvement of extra 3Car* formation mechanisms besides the conventional Chl-to-Car triplet transfer, which are discussed in relation to the ultrafast processes of 1Chl* quenching. Our experimental findings will be helpful in deepening the understanding of the light harvesting and photoprotection functions of B. corticulans living in the intertidal zone with dramatically changing light condition.
Collapse
|
35
|
Observation of dissipative chlorophyll-to-carotenoid energy transfer in light-harvesting complex II in membrane nanodiscs. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1295. [PMID: 32157079 PMCID: PMC7064482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants prevent photodamage under high light by dissipating excess energy as heat. Conformational changes of the photosynthetic antenna complexes activate dissipation by leveraging the sensitivity of the photophysics to the protein structure. The mechanisms of dissipation remain debated, largely due to two challenges. First, because of the ultrafast timescales and large energy gaps involved, measurements lacked the temporal or spectral requirements. Second, experiments have been performed in detergent, which can induce non-native conformations, or in vivo, where contributions from homologous antenna complexes cannot be disentangled. Here, we overcome both challenges by applying ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to the principal antenna complex, LHCII, in a near-native membrane. Our data provide evidence that the membrane enhances two dissipative pathways, one of which is a previously uncharacterized chlorophyll-to-carotenoid energy transfer. Our results highlight the sensitivity of the photophysics to local environment, which may control the balance between light harvesting and dissipation in vivo.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kato K, Shinoda T, Nagao R, Akimoto S, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Chen M, Allakhverdiev SI, Shen JR, Akita F, Miyazaki N, Tomo T. Structural basis for the adaptation and function of chlorophyll f in photosystem I. Nat Commun 2020; 11:238. [PMID: 31932639 PMCID: PMC6957486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chl) play pivotal roles in energy capture, transfer and charge separation in photosynthesis. Among Chls functioning in oxygenic photosynthesis, Chl f is the most red-shifted type first found in a cyanobacterium Halomicronema hongdechloris. The location and function of Chl f in photosystems are not clear. Here we analyzed the high-resolution structures of photosystem I (PSI) core from H. hongdechloris grown under white or far-red light by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure showed that, far-red PSI binds 83 Chl a and 7 Chl f, and Chl f are associated at the periphery of PSI but not in the electron transfer chain. The appearance of Chl f is well correlated with the expression of PSI genes induced under far-red light. These results indicate that Chl f functions to harvest the far-red light and enhance uphill energy transfer, and changes in the gene sequences are essential for the binding of Chl f. Chlorophyll f (Chl f) is the most red-shifted Chl in oxygenic photosynthesis but its localization in photosystem I (PSI) has been unknown so far. Here the authors determine the cryo-EM structures of PSI complexes from a Chl f-containing cyanobacterium grown either under white light or far-red light conditions and identify seven Chls f in the far-red light PSI structure, whereas PSI from cells grown under white light contains only Chl a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kato
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shinoda
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ANAS, -Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Fusamichi Akita
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- Institute for Protein Research, Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
McClain AM, Sharkey TD. Building a better equation for electron transport estimated from Chl fluorescence: accounting for nonphotosynthetic light absorption. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:604-608. [PMID: 31605374 PMCID: PMC7660523 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. McClain
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, 210 Plant Biology Labs, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, 210 Plant Biology Labs, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abouzeid S, Hijazin T, Lewerenz L, Hänsch R, Selmar D. The genuine localization of indole alkaloids in Vinca minor and Catharanthus roseus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 168:112110. [PMID: 31494345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on the occurrence of indole alkaloids in so-called "chloroform leaf surface extracts", it was previously deduced that these alkaloids are present in the cuticle at the leaf surface of Catharanthus roseus and Vinca minor. As no symplastic markers were found in these extracts this deduction seemed to be sound. However, since chloroform is known to destroy biomembranes very rapidly, these data have to be judged with scepticism. We reanalyzed the alleged apoplastic localization of indole alkaloids by employing slightly acidic aqueous surface extracts and comparing the corresponding alkaloid patterns with those of aqueous total leaf extracts. Whereas in the "chloroform leaf surface extracts" all alkaloids are present in the same manner as in the total leaf extracts, no alkaloids occur in the aqueous leaf surface extracts. These results clearly show that chloroform had rapidly destroyed cell integrity, and the related extracts also contain the alkaloids genuinely accumulated within the protoplasm. The related decompartmentation was verified by the massively enhanced concentration of amino acids in aqueous surface extracts of chloroform treated leaves. Furthermore, the chloroform-induced cell disintegration was vividly visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopical analyses, which clearly displayed a strong decrease in the chlorophyll fluorescence in chloroform treated leaves. These findings unequivocally display that the indole alkaloids are not located in the apoplastic space, but exclusively are present symplastically within the cells of V. minor and C. roseus leaves. Accordingly, we have to presume that also other leaf surface extracts employing organic solvents have to be re-investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abouzeid
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnsstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Tahani Hijazin
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnsstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Lewerenz
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnsstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnsstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Taylor CR, vanIeperen W, Harbinson J. Demonstration of a relationship between state transitions and photosynthetic efficiency in a higher plant. Biochem J 2019; 476:3295-3312. [PMID: 31694051 PMCID: PMC6854431 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A consequence of the series configuration of PSI and PSII is that imbalanced excitation of the photosystems leads to a reduction in linear electron transport and a drop in photosynthetic efficiency. Achieving balanced excitation is complicated by the distinct nature of the photosystems, which differ in composition, absorption spectra, and intrinsic efficiency, and by a spectrally variable natural environment. The existence of long- and short-term mechanisms that tune the photosynthetic apparatus and redistribute excitation energy between the photosystems highlights the importance of maintaining balanced excitation. In the short term, state transitions help restore balance through adjustments which, though not fully characterised, are observable using fluorescence techniques. Upon initiation of a state transition in algae and cyanobacteria, increases in photosynthetic efficiency are observable. However, while higher plants show fluorescence signatures associated with state transitions, no correlation between a state transition and photosynthetic efficiency has been demonstrated. In the present study, state 1 and state 2 were alternately induced in tomato leaves by illuminating leaves produced under artificial sun and shade spectra with a sequence of irradiances extreme in terms of PSI or PSII overexcitation. Light-use efficiency increased in both leaf types during transition from one state to the other with remarkably similar kinetics to that of F'm/Fm, F'o/Fo, and, during the PSII-overexciting irradiance, ΦPSII and qP. We have provided compelling evidence for the first time of a correlation between photosynthetic efficiency and state transitions in a higher plant. The importance of this relationship in natural ecophysiological contexts remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim vanIeperen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Saccon F, Durchan M, Kaňa R, Prášil O, Ruban AV, Polívka T. Spectroscopic Properties of Violaxanthin and Lutein Triplet States in LHCII are Independent of Carotenoid Composition. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9312-9320. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saccon
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K
| | - Milan Durchan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Umeyama T, Hanaoka T, Yamada H, Namura Y, Mizuno S, Ohara T, Baek J, Park J, Takano Y, Stranius K, Tkachenko NV, Imahori H. Exclusive occurrence of photoinduced energy transfer and switching of its direction by rectangular π-extension of nanographenes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6642-6650. [PMID: 31367317 PMCID: PMC6624990 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01538h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As structure defined cutouts of the graphene lattice, nanographene molecules have gained plenty of attention because of their high potential for versatile applications in organic electronics and energy conversion devices and as ideal model systems for the better understanding of intrinsic structure-property correlations of graphenes. In this study, well-defined nanographenes with sp2 carbon networks of different sizes, hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) and its rectangularly π-extended version, a short graphene nanoribbon (GNR), have been covalently functionalized with photoactive porphyrin molecules. On the basis of their spectroscopic studies, the photodynamics of the porphyrin-linked nanographenes was found to be influenced substantially by the size of the nanographenes. Photoexcitation of the porphyrin-HBC linked system led to exclusive energy transfer (EnT) from the first singlet excited state (S1) of the nanographene to the porphyrin, whereas opposite selective EnT occurred from the first and second singlet excited states (S1 and S2) of the porphyrin to the nanographene in the porphyrin-GNR linked system. In particular, ultrafast efficient EnTs from both the S2 and S1 states of the porphyrin to GNR mimic the corresponding ultrafast EnTs from the S2 and S1 states of carotenoids to chlorophylls in light-harvesting systems of natural photosynthesis. Such unique photophysical properties will be useful for the rational design of carbon-based photofunctional nanomaterials for optoelectronics and solar energy conversion devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Umeyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto , 615-8510 , Japan . ;
| | - Takuma Hanaoka
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto , 615-8510 , Japan . ;
| | - Hiroki Yamada
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto , 615-8510 , Japan . ;
| | - Yuki Namura
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto , 615-8510 , Japan . ;
| | - Satoshi Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto , 615-8510 , Japan . ;
| | - Tomoya Ohara
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto , 615-8510 , Japan . ;
| | - Jinseok Baek
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto , 615-8510 , Japan . ;
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto , 615-8510 , Japan . ;
| | - Yuta Takano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Kati Stranius
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Tampere University , Korkeakoulunkatu 8 , 33720 Tampere , Finland .
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences , Tampere University , Korkeakoulunkatu 8 , 33720 Tampere , Finland .
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto , 615-8510 , Japan . ;
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Insights into the mechanisms and dynamics of energy transfer in plant light-harvesting complexes from two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148050. [PMID: 31326408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) and related techniques have emerged as a potent experimental toolset to study the ultrafast elementary steps of photosynthesis. Apart from the highly engaging albeit controversial analysis of the role of quantum coherences in the photosynthetic processes, 2DES has been applied to resolve the dynamics and pathways of energy and electron transport in various light-harvesting antenna systems and reaction centres, providing unsurpassed level of detail. In this paper we discuss the main technical approaches and their applicability for solving specific problems in photosynthesis. We then recount applications of 2DES to study the exciton dynamics in plant and photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, especially light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and the fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins of diatoms, with emphasis on the types of unique information about such systems that 2DES is capable to deliver. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Light harvesting, edited by Dr. Roberta Croce.
Collapse
|
43
|
Son M, Pinnola A, Bassi R, Schlau-Cohen GS. The Electronic Structure of Lutein 2 Is Optimized for Light Harvesting in Plants. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
44
|
Energy transfer dynamics in a red-shifted violaxanthin-chlorophyll a light-harvesting complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
45
|
Albanese P, Manfredi M, Re A, Marengo E, Saracco G, Pagliano C. Thylakoid proteome modulation in pea plants grown at different irradiances: quantitative proteomic profiling in a non-model organism aided by transcriptomic data integration. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:786-800. [PMID: 30118564 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant thylakoid membranes contain hundreds of proteins that closely interact to cope with ever-changing environmental conditions. We investigated how Pisum sativum L. (pea) grown at different irradiances optimizes light-use efficiency through the differential accumulation of thylakoid proteins. Thylakoid membranes from plants grown under low (LL), moderate (ML) and high (HL) light intensity were characterized by combining chlorophyll fluorescence measurements with quantitative label-free proteomic analysis. Protein sequences retrieved from available transcriptomic data considerably improved thylakoid proteome profiling, increasing the quantifiable proteins from 63 to 194. The experimental approach used also demonstrates that this integrative omics strategy is powerful for unravelling protein isoforms and functions that are still unknown in non-model organisms. We found that the different growth irradiances affect the electron transport kinetics but not the relative abundance of photosystems (PS) I and II. Two acclimation strategies were evident. The behaviour of plants acclimated to LL was compared at higher irradiances: (i) in ML, plants turn on photoprotective responses mostly modulating the PSII light-harvesting capacity, either accumulating Lhcb4.3 or favouring the xanthophyll cycle; (ii) in HL, plants reduce the pool of light-harvesting complex II and enhance the PSII repair cycle. When growing at ML and HL, plants accumulate ATP synthase, boosting both cyclic and linear electron transport by finely tuning the ΔpH across the membrane and optimizing protein trafficking by adjusting the thylakoid architecture. Our results provide a quantitative snapshot of how plants coordinate light harvesting, electron transport and protein synthesis by adjusting the thylakoid membrane proteome in a light-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Albanese
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- ISALIT-Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies-CSFT@POLITO, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Saracco
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department-BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Golub M, Rusevich L, Irrgang KD, Pieper J. Rigid versus Flexible Protein Matrix: Light-Harvesting Complex II Exhibits a Temperature-Dependent Phonon Spectral Density. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7111-7121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leonid Rusevich
- Institute of Physical Energetics, Krivu 11, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Klaus-Dieter Irrgang
- Department of Life Science & Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University for Applied Sciences, 10318 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dhami N, Tissue DT, Cazzonelli CI. Leaf-age dependent response of carotenoid accumulation to elevated CO 2 in Arabidopsis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 647:67-75. [PMID: 29604257 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids contribute to photosynthesis, photoprotection, phytohormone and apocarotenoid biosynthesis in plants. Carotenoid-derived metabolites control plant growth, development and signalling processes and their accumulation can depend upon changes in the environment. Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) often enhances carbon assimilation, early growth patterns and overall plant biomass, and may increase carotenoid accumulation due to higher levels of precursors from isoprenoid biosynthesis. Variable effects of eCO2 on carotenoid accumulation in leaves have been observed for different plant species. Here, we determined whether the variable response of carotenoids to eCO2 was potentially a function of leaf age and the impact of eCO2 on leaf development by growing Arabidopsis in ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and eCO2 (800 ppm). eCO2 increased plant leaf number, rosette area, biomass, seed yield and net photosynthesis. In addition, eCO2 increased carotenoid content by 10-20% in younger emerging leaves, but not in older mature leaves. Older leaves contained approximately 60% less total carotenoids compared to younger leaves. The age-dependent effect on carotenoid content was observed for cotyledon, juvenile and adult phase leaves. We conclude that younger leaves utilize additional carbon from enhanced photosynthesis in eCO2 to increase carotenoid content, yet older leaves have less capacity to store additional carbon into carotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namraj Dhami
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
van Oort B, Roy LM, Xu P, Lu Y, Karcher D, Bock R, Croce R. Revisiting the Role of Xanthophylls in Nonphotochemical Quenching. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:346-352. [PMID: 29251936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotective nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of absorbed solar energy is vital for survival of photosynthetic organisms, and NPQ modifications significantly improve plant productivity. However, the exact NPQ quenching mechanism is obscured by discrepancies between reported mechanisms, involving xanthophyll-chlorophyll (Xan-Chl) and Chl-Chl interactions. We present evidence of an experimental artifact that may explain the discrepancies: strong laser pulses lead to the formation of a novel electronic species in the major plant light-harvesting complex (LHCII). This species evolves from a high excited state of Chl a and is absent with weak laser pulses. It resembles an excitonically coupled heterodimer of Chl a and lutein (or other Xans at site L1) and acts as a de-excitation channel. Laser powers, and consequently amounts of artifact, vary strongly between NPQ studies, thereby explaining contradicting spectral signatures attributed to NPQ. Our results offer pathways toward unveiling NPQ mechanisms and highlight the necessity of careful attention to laser-induced artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart van Oort
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M Roy
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pengqi Xu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yinghong Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Wissenschaftspark Golm , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Wissenschaftspark Golm , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Wissenschaftspark Golm , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liguori N, Xu P, van Stokkum IHM, van Oort B, Lu Y, Karcher D, Bock R, Croce R. Different carotenoid conformations have distinct functions in light-harvesting regulation in plants. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1994. [PMID: 29222488 PMCID: PMC5722816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To avoid photodamage plants regulate the amount of excitation energy in the membrane at the level of the light-harvesting complexes (LHCs). It has been proposed that the energy absorbed in excess is dissipated via protein conformational changes of individual LHCs. However, the exact quenching mechanism remains unclear. Here we study the mechanism of quenching in LHCs that bind a single carotenoid species and are constitutively in a dissipative conformation. Via femtosecond spectroscopy we resolve a number of carotenoid dark states, demonstrating that the carotenoid is bound to the complex in different conformations. Some of those states act as excitation energy donors for the chlorophylls, whereas others act as quenchers. Via in silico analysis we show that structural changes of carotenoids are expected in the LHC protein domains exposed to the chloroplast lumen, where acidification triggers photoprotection in vivo. We propose that structural changes of LHCs control the conformation of the carotenoids, thus permitting access to different dark states responsible for either light harvesting or photoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Liguori
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pengqi Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo H M van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Oort
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yinghong Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Balevičius V, Fox KF, Bricker WP, Jurinovich S, Prandi IG, Mennucci B, Duffy CDP. Fine control of chlorophyll-carotenoid interactions defines the functionality of light-harvesting proteins in plants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13956. [PMID: 29066753 PMCID: PMC5655323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic antenna proteins can be thought of as "programmed solvents", which bind pigments at specific mutual orientations, thus tuning the overall energetic landscape and ensuring highly efficient light-harvesting. While positioning of chlorophyll cofactors is well understood and rationalized by the principle of an "energy funnel", the carotenoids still pose many open questions. Particularly, their short excited state lifetime (<25 ps) renders them potential energy sinks able to compete with the reaction centers and drastically undermine light-harvesting efficiency. Exploration of the orientational phase-space revealed that the placement of central carotenoids minimizes their interaction with the nearest chlorophylls in the plant antenna complexes LHCII, CP26, CP29 and LHCI. At the same time we show that this interaction is highly sensitive to structural perturbations, which has a profound effect on the overall lifetime of the complex. This links the protein dynamics to the light-harvesting regulation in plants by the carotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Balevičius
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Kieran F Fox
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - William P Bricker
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sandro Jurinovich
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Ingrid G Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Applied to the Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça Gen, Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Christopher D P Duffy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|