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Young AT, Deal H, Rusch G, Pozdin VA, Brown AC, Daniele M. Simple Design for Membrane-Free Microphysiological Systems to Model the Blood-Tissue Barriers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563328. [PMID: 37961220 PMCID: PMC10634696 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) incorporate physiologically relevant microanatomy, mechanics, and cells to mimic tissue function. Reproducible and standardized in vitro models of tissue barriers, such as the blood-tissue interface (BTI), are critical for next-generation MPS applications in research and industry. Many models of the BTI are limited by the need for semipermeable membranes, use of homogenous cell populations, or 2D culture. These factors limit the relevant endothelial-epithelial contact and 3D transport, which would best mimic the BTI. Current models are also difficult to assemble, requiring precise alignment and layering of components. The work reported herein details the engineering of a BTI-on-a-chip (BTI Chip) that addresses current disadvantages by demonstrating a single layer, membrane-free design. Laminar flow profiles, photocurable hydrogel scaffolds, and human cell lines were used to construct a BTI Chip that juxtaposes an endothelium in direct contact with a 3D engineered tissue. A biomaterial composite, gelatin methacryloyl and 8-arm polyethylene glycol thiol, was used for in situ fabrication of a tissue structure within a Y-shaped microfluidic device. To produce the BTI, a laminar flow profile was achieved by flowing a photocurable precursor solution alongside phosphate buffered saline. Immediately after stopping flow, the scaffold underwent polymerization through a rapid exposure to UV light (<300 mJ·cm-2). After scaffold formation, blood vessel endothelial cells were introduced and allowed to adhere directly to the 3D tissue scaffold, without barriers or phase guides. Fabrication of the BTI Chip was demonstrated in both an epithelial tissue model and blood-brain barrier (BBB) model. In the epithelial model, scaffolds were seeded with human dermal fibroblasts. For the BBB models, scaffolds were seeded with the immortalized glial cell line, SVGP12. The BTI Chip microanatomy was analyzed post facto by immunohistochemistry, showing the uniform production of a patent endothelium juxtaposed with a 3D engineered tissue. Fluorescent tracer molecules were used to characterize the permeability of the BTI Chip. The BTI Chips were challenged with an efflux pump inhibitor, cyclosporine A, to assess physiological function and endothelial cell activation. Operation of physiologically relevant BTI Chips and a novel means for high-throughput MPS generation was demonstrated, enabling future development for drug candidate screening and fundamental biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn T. Young
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Halston Deal
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh NC, 27695 (USA)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rusch
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh NC, 27695 (USA)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Pozdin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL (USA)
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL (USA)
| | - Ashley C. Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh NC, 27695 (USA)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh NC, 27695 (USA)
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL (USA)
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2
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Kita DH, de Andrade GA, Missina JM, Postal K, Boell VK, Santana FS, Zattoni IF, da Silva Zanzarini I, Moure VR, de Moraes Rego FG, Picheth G, de Souza EM, Mitchell DA, Ambudkar SV, Nunes GG, Valdameri G. Polyoxovanadates as new P-glycoprotein inhibitors: insights into the mechanism of inhibition. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:381-399. [PMID: 34939198 PMCID: PMC9340886 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A promising strategy to overcome multidrug resistance is the use of inhibitors of ABC drug transporters. For this reason, we evaluated the polyoxovanadates (POVs) [V10 O28 ]6- (V10 ), [H6 V14 O38 (PO4 )]5- (V14 ), [V15 O36 Cl]6- (V15 ) and [V18 O42 I]7- (V18 ) as inhibitors of three major multidrug resistance-linked ABC transporters: P-glycoprotein (P-gp), ABCG2 and MRP1. All of the POVs selectively inhibited P-gp. V10 and V18 were the two most promising compounds, with IC50 values of transport inhibition of 25.4 and 22.7 µm, respectively. Both compounds inhibited P-gp ATPase activity, with the same IC50 value of 1.26 µm. V10 and V18 triggered different conformational changes in the P-gp protein with time-dependent inhibition, which was confirmed using the synthesized salt of V10 with rhodamine B, RhoB-V10 . The hydrophilic nature of POVs supports the hypothesis that these compounds target an unusual ligand-binding site, opening new possibilities in the development of potent modulators of ABC transporters.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/chemistry
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/chemistry
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Tungsten Compounds/pharmacology
- Tungsten Compounds/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Animals
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Henrique Kita
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gisele Alves de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Kahoana Postal
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ingrid Fatima Zattoni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Isadora da Silva Zanzarini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vivian Rotuno Moure
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo Picheth
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - David A. Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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3
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Kaminari A, Nikoli E, Athanasopoulos A, Sakellis E, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D. Engineering Mitochondriotropic Carbon Dots for Targeting Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090932. [PMID: 34577632 PMCID: PMC8470554 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to understand and enhance the capacity of carbon dots (CDs) to transport through cell membranes and target subcellular organelles—in particular, mitochondria—a series of nitrogen-doped CDs were prepared by the one-step microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid and ethylenediamine. Following optimization of the reaction conditions for maximum fluorescence, functionalization at various degrees with alkylated triphenylphosphonium functional groups of two different alkyl chain lengths afforded a series of functionalized CDs that exhibited either lysosome or mitochondria subcellular localization. Further functionalization with rhodamine B enabled enhanced fluorescence imaging capabilities in the visible spectrum and allowed the use of low quantities of CDs in relevant experiments. It was thus possible, by the appropriate selection of the alkyl chain length and degree of functionalization, to attain successful mitochondrial targeting, while preserving non-toxicity and biocompatibility. In vitro cell experiments performed on normal as well as cancer cell lines proved their non-cytotoxic character and imaging potential, even at very low concentrations, by fluorescence microscopy. Precise targeting of mitochondria is feasible with carefully designed CDs that, furthermore, are specifically internalized in cells and cell mitochondria of high transmembrane potential and thus exhibit selective uptake in malignant cells compared to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontia Kaminari
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Eleni Nikoli
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Alexandros Athanasopoulos
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| | - Elias Sakellis
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zili Sideratou
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (A.K.); (E.N.); (E.S.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-650-3616
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Tagirasa R, Rana K, Kaza H, Parai D, Damera S, Basu S. Role of Multidrug Resistance Proteins in Nonresponders to Immunomodulatory Therapy for Noninfectious Uveitis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:12. [PMID: 32821484 PMCID: PMC7401954 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nearly a third to half of patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU) fail to achieve control with immunomodulatory therapy (IMT). Multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins are transmembrane proteins that allow efflux of intracellular drugs, leading to drug resistance. The aim of our study was to compare MDR protein function in blood CD4+ cells between responders and nonresponders to IMT. Methods We included NIU patients on IMT for ≥6 months and corticosteroid dose ≤10 mg/d. Nonresponders to treatment were those with worsening (two or more steps) of inflammation in the past 3 months on full-dose immunosuppressive therapy. MDR function was assessed by Rhodamine-123 dye retention in blood CD4+ cells. Three nonresponders were treated with adjunctive oral cyclosporine A (CSA, MDR inhibitor) therapy for 2 months and reevaluated. Results Fourteen NIU patients were recruited. Most (n = 8) had Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. These included nine nonresponders and five responders to IMT. Nonresponders produced significantly higher MDR function and proinflammatory cytokines (interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 17, and Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)) than responders. In vitro CSA treatment of CD4+ cells inhibited MDR expression and proinflammatory cytokine production while increasing Foxp3. Finally, adjunctive oral CSA therapy led to improvement in clinical inflammatory scores with a concurrent decrease in MDR function and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Conclusions MDR function is significantly higher in CD4+ T cells of nonresponders to IMT. Adjunctive CSA therapy may decrease MDR function and allow improvement in treatment response to IMT. Translational Relevance Our study highlights the need for MDR inhibition strategies in NIU patients not responding to IMT for improving the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Tagirasa
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Khokan Rana
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hrishikesh Kaza
- Retina and Uveitis Services, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Santhoshkumar Damera
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soumyava Basu
- Ocular Immunology, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.,Retina and Uveitis Services, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
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5
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Chen M, Song F, Liu Y, Tian J, Liu C, Li R, Zhang Q. A dual pH-sensitive liposomal system with charge-reversal and NO generation for overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3814-3826. [PMID: 30600823 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06218h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In cancer therapy, chemotherapeutic drugs frequently encounter multidrug resistance (MDR) induced by the overexpression of drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Herein, in order to overcome MDR and improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy, we developed a novel pH-sensitive charge-reversal and NO generation liposomal system by modifying a pH-sensitive polymer (PEG-PLL-DMA) on the surface of cationic liposomes for delivering a NO donor (DETA NONOate) and a chemotherapy drug (paclitaxel, PTX) into MDR cells. The proposed liposomal system (PTX/NO/DMA-L) exhibited a distinctive charge-reversal capacity, which was negatively charged under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) but could reverse to positive charge in a tumor microenvironment (pH 6.5) due to the cleavable amide linkages formed between PEG-PLL and DMA, leading to the improvement of cell uptake. Once arrived in the endosomes and lysosomes (pH 5.0), DETA NONOate was triggered to decompose and release NO, which further promoted the quick release of PTX and inhibited the P-gp mediated efflux. The charge-reversal, NO generation and NO-triggered rapid release of drugs could significantly increase the accumulation of PTX in tumors and eventually improve the antitumor efficacy. These results indicate that this dual pH-sensitive liposomal system is a highly promising approach for chemotherapy and may pave a new avenue for overcoming MDR in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Liposomes/chemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Paclitaxel/chemistry
- Paclitaxel/metabolism
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Polymers/chemistry
- Tissue Distribution
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Feifei Song
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Lab of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jia Tian
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Chun Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ruyue Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China. and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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6
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Ashley N, Ouaret D, Bodmer WF. Cellular polarity modulates drug resistance in primary colorectal cancers via orientation of the multidrug resistance protein ABCB1. J Pathol 2019; 247:293-304. [PMID: 30306567 PMCID: PMC6519031 DOI: 10.1002/path.5179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colonic epithelial cells are highly polarised with a lumen‐facing apical membrane, termed the brush border, and a basal membrane in contact with the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). This polarity is often maintained in cancer tissue in the form of neoplastic glands and has prognostic value. We compared the cellular polarity of several ex vivo spheroid colonic cancer cultures with their parental tumours and found that those grown as non‐attached colonies exhibited apical brush border proteins on their outer cellular membranes. Transfer of these cultures to an ECM, such as collagen, re‐established the centralised apical polarity observed in vivo. The multidrug resistance protein ABCB1 also became aberrantly polarised to outer colony membranes in suspension cultures, unlike cultures grown in collagen, where it was polarised to central lumens. This polarity switch was dependent on the presence of serum or selected serum components, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). The apical/basal orientation of primary cancer colon cultures cultured in collagen/serum was modulated by α2β1 integrin signalling. The polarisation of ABCB1 in colonies significantly altered drug uptake and sensitivity, as the outward polarisation of ABCB1 in suspension colonies effluxed substrates more effectively than ECM‐grown colonies with ABCB1 polarised to central lumens. Thus, serum‐free suspension colonies were more resistant to a variety of anti‐cancer drugs than ECM‐grown colonies. In conclusion, the local stroma, or absence thereof, can have profound effects on the sensitivity of colorectal cultures to drugs that are ABCB1 substrates. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Ashley
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Single Cell Genomics Facility, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Djamila Ouaret
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Walter F Bodmer
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Nunes AS, Costa EC, Barros AS, de Melo-Diogo D, Correia IJ. Establishment of 2D Cell Cultures Derived From 3D MCF-7 Spheroids Displaying a Doxorubicin Resistant Profile. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800268. [PMID: 30242980 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro 3D cancer spheroids generally exhibit a drug resistance profile similar to that found in solid tumors. Due to this property, these models are an appealing for anticancer compounds screening. Nevertheless, the techniques and methods aimed for drug discovery are mostly standardized for cells cultured in 2D. The development of 2D cell culture models displaying a drug resistant profile is required to mimic the in vivo tumors, while the equipment, techniques, and methodologies established for conventional 2D cell cultures can continue to be employed in compound screening. In this work, the response of 3D-derived MCF-7 cells subsequently cultured in 2D in medium supplemented with glutathione (GSH) (antioxidant agent found in high levels in breast cancer tissues and a promoter of cancer cells resistance) to Doxorubicin (DOX) is evaluated. These cells demonstrated a resistance toward DOX closer to that displayed by 3D spheroids, which is higher than that exhibited by standard 2D cell cultures. In fact, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of DOX in 3D-derived MCF-7 cell cultures supplemented with GSH is about eight-times higher than that obtained for conventional 2D cell cultures (cultured without GSH), and is only about two-times lower than that attained for 3D MCF-7 spheroids (cultured without GSH). Further investigation revealed that this improved resistance of 3D-derived MCF-7 cells may result from their increased P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity and reduced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Nunes
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisabete C Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Andreia S Barros
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Duarte de Melo-Diogo
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,CIEPQF - Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Holmila RJ, Vance SA, Chen X, Wu H, Shukla K, Bharadwaj MS, Mims J, Wary Z, Marrs G, Singh R, Molina AJ, Poole LB, King SB, Furdui CM. Mitochondria-targeted Probes for Imaging Protein Sulfenylation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6635. [PMID: 29703899 PMCID: PMC5923234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential regulators of cellular signaling, metabolism and epigenetics underlying the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Despite the critical function of redox regulation in mitochondria, currently there are limited methods available to monitor protein oxidation in this key subcellular organelle. Here, we describe compounds for imaging sulfenylated proteins in mitochondria: DCP-NEt2-Coumarin (DCP-NEt2C) and rhodamine-based DCP-Rho1. Side-by-side comparison studies are presented on the reactivity of DCP-NEt2C and DCP-Rho1 with a model protein sulfenic acid (AhpC-SOH) and mitochondrial localization to identify optimized experimental conditions for labeling and visualization of protein sulfenylation that would be independent of mitochondria membrane potential and would not impact mitochondrial function. These probes are applied to image mitochondrial protein sulfenylation under conditions of serum starvation and in a cell culture model of lung cancer exposed to ionizing radiation and silver nanoparticles, agents serving dual functions as environmental stressors and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta J Holmila
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Stephen A Vance
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Manish S Bharadwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jade Mims
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Zack Wary
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Glen Marrs
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony J Molina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - S Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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9
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Pandolfi L, Bellini M, Vanna R, Morasso C, Zago A, Carcano S, Avvakumova S, Bertolini JA, Rizzuto MA, Colombo M, Prosperi D. H-Ferritin Enriches the Curcumin Uptake and Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3318-3330. [PMID: 28886247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive, invasive, and metastatic tumor. Although it is reported to be sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, frequent relapse and chemoresistance often result in treatment failure. In this study, we developed a biomimetic nanodrug consisting of a self-assembling variant (HFn) of human apoferritin loaded with curcumin. HFn nanocage improved the solubility, chemical stability, and bioavailability of curcumin, allowing us to reliably carry out several experiments in the attempt to establish the potential of this molecule as a therapeutic agent and elucidate the mechanism of action in TNBC. HFn biopolymer was designed to bind selectively to the TfR1 receptor overexpressed in TNBC cells. HFn-curcumin (CFn) proved to be more effective in viability assays compared to the drug alone using MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, representative of basal and claudin-low TNBC subtypes, respectively. Cellular uptake of CFn was demonstrated by flow cytometry and label-free confocal Raman imaging. CFn could act as a chemosensitizer enhancing the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin by interfering with the activity of multidrug resistance transporters. In addition, CFn exhibited different cell cycle effects on these two TNBC cell lines, blocking MDA-MB-231 in G0/G1 phase, whereas MDA-MB-468 accumulated in G2/M phase. CFn was able to inhibit the Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that the effect on the proliferation and cell cycle involved the alteration of PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pandolfi
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Bellini
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Renzo Vanna
- LABION, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS , Piazzale Morandi 6, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Morasso
- LABION, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS , Piazzale Morandi 6, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Zago
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Sofia Carcano
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Svetlana Avvakumova
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Jessica Armida Bertolini
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Rizzuto
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Prosperi
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano, Italy
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10
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Hsieh SH, Brunke S, Brock M. Encapsulation of Antifungals in Micelles Protects Candida albicans during Gall-Bladder Infection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:117. [PMID: 28203228 PMCID: PMC5285334 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus that colonizes human mucosal surfaces with the potential to cause life-threatening invasive candidiasis. Studies on systemic candidiasis in a murine infection model using in vivo real-time bioluminescence imaging revealed persistence of C. albicans in the gall bladder under antifungal therapy. Preliminary analyses showed that bile conferred resistance against a wide variety of antifungals enabling survival in this cryptic host niche. Here, bile and its components were studied for their ability to reduce antifungal efficacy in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of protection. While unconjugated bile salts were toxic to C. albicans, taurine, or glycine conjugated bile salts were well tolerated and protective against caspofungin and amphotericin B when exceeding their critical micellar concentration. Microarray experiments indicated that upregulation of genes generally known to mediate antifungal protection is not involved in the protection process. In contrast, rhodamine 6G and crystal violet in- and efflux experiments indicated encapsulation of antifungals in micelles, thereby reducing their bioavailability. Furthermore, farnesol sensing was abolished in the presence of conjugated bile salts trapping C. albicans cells in the hyphal morphology. This suggests that bioavailability of amphiphilic and hydrophobic compounds is reduced in the presence of bile. In contrast, small and hydrophilic molecules, such as cycloheximide, flucytosine, or sodium azide kept their antifungal properties. We therefore conclude that treatment of gall bladder and bile duct infections is hampered by the ability of bile salts to encapsulate antifungals in micelles. As a consequence, treatment of gall bladder or bile duct infections should favor the use of small hydrophilic drugs that are not solubilised in micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Hsieh
- Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell InstituteJena, Germany; Fungal Genetics and Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Brock
- Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell InstituteJena, Germany; Fungal Genetics and Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
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11
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Tomaszowski KH, Schirrmacher R, Kaina B. Multidrug Efflux Pumps Attenuate the Effect of MGMT Inhibitors. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3924-34. [PMID: 26379107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various mechanisms of drug resistance attenuate the effectiveness of cancer therapeutics, including drug transport and DNA repair. The DNA repair protein O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a key factor determining the resistance against alkylating anticancer drugs inducing the genotoxic DNA lesions O(6)-methylguanine and O(6)-chloroethylguanine, and MGMT inactivation or depletion renders cells more susceptible to treatment with methylating and chloroethylating agents. Highly specific and efficient inhibitors of the repair protein MGMT were designed, including O(6)-benzylguanine (O(6)BG) and O(6)-(4-bromothenyl)guanine (O(6)BTG) that are nontoxic on their own. Unfortunately, these inhibitors do not select between MGMT in normal and cancer cells, causing nontarget effects in the healthy tissue. Therefore, a targeting strategy for MGMT inhibitors is required. Here, we used O(6)BG and O(6)BTG conjugated to β-d-glucose (O(6)BG-Glu and O(6)BTG-Glu, respectively) in order to selectively inhibit MGMT in tumors, harnessing their high demand for glucose. Both glucose conjugates efficiently inhibited MGMT in several cancer cell lines, but with different extents of sensitization to DNA alkylating agents, with lomustine being more effective than temozolomide. We further show that the glucose conjugates are subject to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter mediated efflux, involving P-glycoprotein, MRP1, and BCRP, which impacts the efficiency of MGMT inhibition. Surprisingly, also O(6)BG and O(6)BTG were subject to an active transport out of the cell. We also show that pharmacological inhibition of efflux transporters increases the induction of cell death following treatment with these MGMT inhibitors and temozolomide. We conclude that strategies of attenuating the efflux by ABC transporters are required for achieving successful MGMT targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Tomaszowski
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center , Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute , 3801 University Street, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center , Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Yin H, Bai P, Miao P, Chen M, Hu J, Deng X, Yin J. Functional expressions of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters during the development of zebrafish embryos and their effects on the detoxification of cadmium chloride and β-naphthoflavone. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:925-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huancai Yin
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou Jiangsu 215163 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengli Bai
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou Jiangsu 215163 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Miao
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou Jiangsu 215163 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Chen
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou Jiangsu 215163 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hu
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou Jiangsu 215163 People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L7 Canada
| | - Jian Yin
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Suzhou Jiangsu 215163 People's Republic of China
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13
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Fransen M. HaloTag as a tool to investigate peroxisome dynamics in cultured mammalian cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1174:157-70. [PMID: 24947380 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0944-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are multifunctional organelles that can rapidly modulate their morphology, number, and function in response to changing environmental stimuli. Defects in any of these processes can lead to organelle dysfunction and have been associated with various inherited and age-related disorders. Progress in this field continues to be driven by advances in live-cell imaging techniques. This chapter provides detailed protocols for the use of HaloTag to fluorescently pulse-label peroxisomes in cultured mammalian cells. In contrast to the use of classical fluorescent proteins, this technology allows researchers to optically distinguish pools of peroxisomal proteins that are synthesized at different time points. The protocols can be easily adapted to image the dynamics of other macromolecular protein assemblies in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fransen
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 601, 3000, Leuven, Belgium,
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14
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Henson HE, Parupalli C, Ju B, Taylor MR. Functional and genetic analysis of choroid plexus development in zebrafish. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:364. [PMID: 25426018 PMCID: PMC4226144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus, an epithelial-based structure localized in the brain ventricle, is the major component of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The choroid plexus produces the cerebrospinal fluid and regulates the components of the cerebrospinal fluid. Abnormal choroid plexus function is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, tumor formation in the choroid plexus epithelium, and hydrocephaly. In this study, we used zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system to understand the genetic components of choroid plexus development. We generated an enhancer trap line, Et(cp:EGFP)sj2, that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in the choroid plexus epithelium. Using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent tracers, we demonstrated that the zebrafish choroid plexus possesses brain barrier properties such as tight junctions and transporter activity. Thus, we have established zebrafish as a functionally relevant model to study choroid plexus development. Using an unbiased approach, we performed a forward genetic dissection of the choroid plexus to identify genes essential for its formation and function. Using Et(cp:EGFP)sj2, we isolated 10 recessive mutant lines with choroid plexus abnormalities, which were grouped into five classes based on GFP intensity, epithelial localization, and overall choroid plexus morphology. We also mapped the mutation for two mutant lines to chromosomes 4 and 21, respectively. The mutants generated in this study can be used to elucidate specific genes and signaling pathways essential for choroid plexus development, function, and/or maintenance and will provide important insights into how these genetic mutations contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Henson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA ; Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Bensheng Ju
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael R Taylor
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA ; Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
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15
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Nornberg BF, Batista CR, Almeida DV, Trindade GS, Marins LF. ABCB1 and ABCC4 efflux transporters are involved in methyl parathion detoxification in ZFL cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 29:204-10. [PMID: 25286004 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The multi-xenobiotics resistance (MXR) mechanisms are the first line of defense against toxic substances in aquatic organisms and present great importance in the adaptation related to contaminated environments. Methyl parathion (MP) is a widely used organophosphate pesticide, which has been associated to various toxic effects in organisms. In the present work, we studied the main genes related to efflux transporters in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells exposed to MP with and without an inhibitor of ABC transporters (verapamil). The results concerning transporters activity showed that the MXR mechanism is activated to detoxify from methyl parathion. The toxic effects of MP on ZFL cells were increased in the presence of the efflux transporter inhibitor, once cell viability was significantly decreased in co-exposure experiments. The combined exposure to MP and the inhibitor caused an increase in gene expression of P-gp1 (Abcb1) and MRP4 (Abcc4), suggesting that these transporters isoforms are associated with MP efflux. In general, the expression of genes related to the antioxidant defense system (ADS) was significantly increased in ZFL cells co-exposed to MP and verapamil. These data provide useful insights for better understanding of MP detoxification mechanism in fish hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Félix Nornberg
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luis Fernando Marins
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil.
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16
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Khamooshi K, Sikorski P, Sun N, Calderone R, Li D. The Rbf1, Hfl1 and Dbp4 of Candida albicans regulate common as well as transcription factor-specific mitochondrial and other cell activities. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:56. [PMID: 24450762 PMCID: PMC3904162 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our interest in Candida albicans mitochondria began with the identification of GOA1. We demonstrated its role in cell energy production, cross-talk among mitochondria and peroxisomes, non-glucose energy metabolism, maintenance of stationary phase growth, and prevention of premature apoptosis. Its absence results in avirulence. However, what regulated transcription of GOA1 was unknown. RESULTS To identify transcriptional regulators (TRs) of GOA1, we screened a C. albicans TF knockout library (TRKO) and identified Rbf1p, Hfl1p, and Dpb4p as positive TRs of GOA1. The phenotypes of each mutant (reduced respiration, inability to grow on glycerol, reduced ETC CI and CIV activities) are reasonable evidence for their required roles especially in mitochondrial functions. While the integration of mitochondria with cell metabolic activities is presumed to occur, there is minimal information on this subject at the genome level. Therefore, microarray analysis was used to provide this information for each TR mutant. Transcriptional profiles of Rbf1p and Hfl1p are more similar than that of Dpn4p. Our data demonstrate common and also gene-specific regulatory functions for each TR. We establish their roles in carbon metabolism, stress adaptation, cell wall synthesis, transporter efflux, peroxisomal metabolism, phospholipid synthesis, rRNA processing, and nuclear/mtDNA replication. CONCLUSIONS The TRs regulate a number of common genes but each also regulates specific gene transcription. These data for the first time create a genome roadmap that can be used to integrate mitochondria with other cell processes. Of interest, the TRs are fungal-specific, warranting consideration as antifungal drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA.
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17
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Koshkin V, Krylov SN. Correlation between multi-drug resistance-associated membrane transport in clonal cancer cells and the cell cycle phase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41368. [PMID: 22848474 PMCID: PMC3405118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance driven by ABC membrane transporters is one of the major reasons for treatment failure in human malignancy. Some limited evidence has previously been reported on the cell cycle dependence of ABC transporter expression. However, it has never been demonstrated that the functional activity of these transporters correlates with the cell cycle position. Here, we studied the rate of intrinsic ABC transport in different phases of the cell cycle in cultured MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The rate was characterized in terms of the efflux kinetics from cells loaded with an ABC transporter substrate. As averaging the kinetics over a cell population could lead to errors, we studied kinetics of ABC transport at the single-cell level. We found that the rate of ABC transport in MCF-7 cells could be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics with two classical parameters, V(max) and K(M). Each of these parameters showed similar unimodal distributions with different positions of maxima for cell subpopulations in the 2c and 4c states. Compared to the 2c cells, the 4c cells exhibited greater V(max) values, indicating a higher activity of transport. They also exhibited a greater V(max)/K(M) ratio, indicating a higher efficiency of transport. Our findings suggest that cell cycle-related modulation of MDR may need to be taken into account when designing chemotherapy regimens which include cytostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilij Koshkin
- Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergey N. Krylov
- Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Ji X, Gao Y, Chen L, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Li Y. Nanohybrid systems of non-ionic surfactant inserting liposomes loading paclitaxel for reversal of multidrug resistance. Int J Pharm 2011; 422:390-7. [PMID: 22001531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three new nanohybrid systems of non-ionic surfactant inserting liposomes loading paclitaxel (PTX) (NLPs) were prepared to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) in PTX-resistance human lung cancer cell line. Three non-ionic surfactants, Solutol HS 15 (HS-15), pluronic F68 (PF-68) and cremophor EL (CrEL) were inserted into liposomes by film hydration method to form NLPs with an average size of around 110, 180 and 110 nm, respectively. There was an obvious increase of rhodamin 123 (Rh123) accumulation in A549/T cells after treated with nanohybrid systems loading Rh123 (NLRs) when compared with free Rh123 or liposomes loading Rh123 without surfactants (LRs), which indicated the significant inhibition effects of NLRs on drug efflux. The P-gp detection and ATP determination demonstrated that BNLs could not only interfere P-gp expression on the membrane of drug resistant cells, but also decrease ATP level in the cells. The cytotoxicity of NLPs against A549/T cells was higher than PTX loaded liposomes without surfactants (LPs), and the best result was achieved after treated with NLPs2. The apoptotic assay and the cell cycle analysis showed that NLPs could induce more apoptotic cells in drug resistant cells when compared with LPs. These results suggested that NLPs could overcome MDR by combination of drug delivery, P-gp inhibition and ATP depletion, and showed potential for treatment of MDR.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Compounding
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Glycerol/analogs & derivatives
- Glycerol/chemistry
- Humans
- Lipids/chemistry
- Liposomes
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Nanotechnology
- Paclitaxel/chemistry
- Paclitaxel/metabolism
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Particle Size
- Poloxamer/chemistry
- Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry
- Rhodamine 123/metabolism
- Solubility
- Stearic Acids/chemistry
- Surface-Active Agents/chemistry
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Ji
- Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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19
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Automated detection of hepatotoxic compounds in human hepatocytes using HepaRG cells and image-based analysis of mitochondrial dysfunction with JC-1 dye. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 254:256-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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20
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Koshkin V, Krylov SN. Single-Cell-Kinetics Approach to Compare Multidrug Resistance-Associated Membrane Transport in Subpopulations of Cells. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6132-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201690t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilij Koshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sergey N. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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21
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Eckford PDW, Sharom FJ. ABC efflux pump-based resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2989-3011. [PMID: 19583429 DOI: 10.1021/cr9000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D W Eckford
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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22
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Huybrechts SJ, Van Veldhoven PP, Brees C, Mannaerts GP, Los GV, Fransen M. Peroxisome dynamics in cultured mammalian cells. Traffic 2009; 10:1722-33. [PMID: 19719477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the identification and characterization of various proteins that are essential for peroxisome biogenesis, the origin and the turnover of peroxisomes are still unresolved critical issues. In this study, we used the HaloTag technology as a new approach to examine peroxisome dynamics in cultured mammalian cells. This technology is based on the formation of a covalent bond between the HaloTag protein--a mutated bacterial dehalogenase which is fused to the protein of interest--and a synthetic haloalkane ligand that contains a fluorophore or affinity tag. By using cell-permeable ligands of distinct fluorescence, it is possible to image distinct pools of newly synthesized proteins, generated from a single genetic HaloTag-containing construct, at different wavelengths. Here, we show that peroxisomes display an age-related heterogeneity with respect to their capacity to incorporate newly synthesized proteins. We also demonstrate that these organelles do not exchange their protein content. In addition, we present evidence that the matrix protein content of pre-existing peroxisomes is not evenly distributed over new organelles. Finally, we show that peroxisomes in cultured mammalian cells, under basal growth conditions, have a half-life of approximately 2 days and are mainly degraded by an autophagy-related mechanism. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie J Huybrechts
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculteit Geneeskunde, Departement Moleculaire Celbiologie, LIPIT, Campus Gasthuisberg (O&N 1), Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Zaja R, Munić V, Klobucar RS, Ambriović-Ristov A, Smital T. Cloning and molecular characterization of apical efflux transporters (ABCB1, ABCB11 and ABCC2) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 90:322-332. [PMID: 19008001 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fish possess similar mechanisms of billiary excretion of xeno(endo)biotics and their metabolites as found in higher vertebrates and various types of ABC efflux proteins expressed in apical membranes of polarized cells appears to be key mediators of this vectorial transport. To test this hypothesis the main goals of this study were identification and cloning of genes coding for different types of ABC transport proteins, determination of the gene transcript (mRNA) levels, and characterization of the related protein transport activities in primary cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. We have cloned one partial and two full gene sequences, which show high degree of identity with mammalian Pgp1 (ABCB1), BSEP (ABCB11) and MRP2 (ABCC2) efflux transporters. Using real-time RT-PCR expression levels of the mRNA of these genes were determined. Identical relative expression patterns of identified efflux transporters (BSEP>>MRP2>Pgp1) were observed for both liver and primary hepatocytes, with expression of all three transporter mRNAs approximately 3-4-fold lower in primary hepatocytes in comparison to intact liver. In addition, the presence of Pgp1-, BSEP- and MRP-like transport activities were indicated using putative specific fluorescent substrates (rhodamine 123, calcein-AM, bodipy-verapamil and dihydrofluorescein diacetat), model inhibitors (verapamil, cyclosporine A, MK571, reversine 205, taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate) and their combinations. Taken together the results of this study showed that primary trout hepatocytes express critical components of detoxification pathways-phase I and II enzymes, as well as the ABC proteins involved in transport of xenobiotics, affirming this in vitro model as a promising tool in (eco)toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roko Zaja
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruder Bosković Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kumkate S, Chunchob S, Janvilisri T. Expression of ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporters in the giant liver fluke Fasciola gigantica and their possible involvement in the transport of bile salts and anthelmintics. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 317:77-84. [PMID: 18543082 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters belong to one of the largest protein families that either import or export a wide spectrum of different substrates. Certain members of this superfamily have been implicated in multidrug resistance in various types of cancer as well as in pathogenic microorganisms. The role of ABC proteins in parasitic multidrug resistance becomes increasingly evident. However, studies on ABC transporters in helminths have been limited to MDR1 and MRP orthologues. In the present study, we reported, for the first time, the expression and localization of ABC proteins including orthologues of MDR1, MRP1, BCRP, and BSEP in the giant liver fluke Fasciola gigantica. Furthermore, the functional activities of these ABC transporters were characterized in isolated fluke cells using a fluorescent substrate, rhodamine. The results revealed the inhibition of rhodamine efflux by cyclosporin A, a potent inhibitor of ABC transporters. Interestingly, our data suggested that these proteins might play a role in the export of bile salts, in particular, taurocholate. Although, we did not observe any substantial changes in rhodamine transport in the presence of anthelmintics under experimental conditions, however, our findings altogether shed light on the possible involvement of several members of ABC proteins in the mechanism of drug resistance as well as detoxification process in helminths to survive inside their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supeecha Kumkate
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Kingtong S, Chitramvong Y, Janvilisri T. ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporters in Indian-rock oyster Saccostrea forskali and their role in the export of an environmental organic pollutant tributyltin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 85:124-32. [PMID: 17889379 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporters confer resistance in human cancer cells as well as in pathogenic microorganisms by mediating the extrusion of various chemotherapeutic drugs out of the cell. In aquatic invertebrates, the presence of ABC transporters which are involved in the multi-xenobiotic resistance has been demonstrated. However, most studies have been confined to the MDR1 subfamily. In the present study, we characterized the expression and localization of the ABC multidrug transporters including MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP subfamily in the Indian-rock oyster Saccostrea forskali. To our knowledge, these data represent one of the first reports on the orthologues of MRP1 and BCRP in marine invertebrates. Furthermore, the observations of (i) the expression of the ABC multidrug proteins in detoxifying tissues; (ii) the induction of these transporters upon exposure to an environmental organic pollutant tributyltin (TBT); and (iii) the concentration-dependent inhibition of rhodamine efflux by TBT imply a possible role of these proteins in the export of TBT. Our findings along with previous studies suggest that the ABC multidrug transporters act as a detoxifying mechanism of various toxic agents including TBT in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutin Kingtong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Brayden DJ, Griffin J. Avermectin transepithelial transport in MDR1- and MRP-transfected canine kidney monolayers. Vet Res Commun 2007; 32:93-106. [PMID: 17578674 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-9007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluxes of the anti-parasitic agents, [(3)H]-ivermectin, [(3)H]-selamectin and [(3)H]-moxidectin were studied across non-transfected and transfected canine kidney epithelial monolayers, MDCK II/wt, MDCK II-MDR1, MDCK II-MRP1 and MDCK II-MRP2. All four lines surprisingly expressed significant levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), coded for by MDR1, but MDCK II-MDR1 expressed increased levels compared to the other lines. MDCK II-MRP1 and MDCK II-MRP2 expressed increased levels of MRP1 and MRP2 respectively. Fluxes of [(3)H]-ivermectin, [(3)H]-selamectin, [(3)H]-moxidectin, and the P-gp substrates, rhodamine-123 and DiOC(2), were polarized in the basolateral-to-apical (secretory) direction across the four lines. Selected MRP inhibitors used in relevant pharmacological concentrations did not block the secretory fluxes of either [(3)H]-ivermectin or [(3)H]-selamectin in either the non-transfected or MRP-transfected lines. In contrast, secretory fluxes of ivermectin and selamectin were inhibited in all four lines by the P-gp inhibitor, verapamil. These data confirm that ivermectin and selamectin are substrates for P-gp in four additional cell lines, but suggest that they are not significant substrates for MRP1 or MRP2 where there is background expression of P-gp. Since this pattern of expression also pertains on the blood-brain barrier, it is unlikely that MRP1 and MRP2 play a significant role in ivermectin and selamectin blood: brain distribution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Brayden
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Veterinary Sciences Building, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Zhou C, Shen P, Cheng Y. Quantitative study of the drug efflux kinetics from sensitive and MDR human breast cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:1011-20. [PMID: 17451883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to effective chemotherapy in human cancer, in which P-glycoprotein and Multidrug Resistance-Associated protein figure prominently. Design and exploitation of novel clinical MDR inhibitors is greatly hindered by a lack of understanding of drug efflux dynamics in drug-sensitive and resistant cells. The aim of our study was to provide a microelectrode method for measuring the multidrug transporter mediated efflux of doxorubicin as well as a corresponding data analysis method for quantifying the efflux kinetic parameters. We performed experiments using carbon fiber microelectrode to detect doxorubicin efflux from a monolayer of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and derived MDR cells (MCF-7/ADR), established a material transport model and proposed a novel inverse method to quantitatively characterize the diffusion dynamics. The kinetic parameters of doxorubicin efflux from MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells in the presence or absence of MDR inhibitors were estimated. Our investigations showed the average initial doxorubicin efflux rate of MCF-7/ADR that was 5.2 times faster than of MCF-7. After treatment by tetramethylpyrazine or verapamil, the drug efflux rate of the MCF-7/ADR cells was reduced by about half that of those without inhibitors. The novel methodology presented suggests new and expanded applications for computer-aided reconstruction of the drug efflux process, microelectrode design, and high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhou
- Pharmaceutical and Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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28
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Saengkhae C, Salerno M, Adès D, Siove A, Le Moyec L, Migonney V, Garnier-Suillerot A. Ability of carbazole salts, inhibitors of Alzheimer beta-amyloid fibril formation, to cross cellular membranes. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 559:124-31. [PMID: 17291491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid fibril formation. The inhibition of this peptide accumulation may be a prevention method for Alzheimer's disease. Several classes of molecules have been reported to inhibit beta-amyloid fibril formation and among them carbazoles. However, very few studies have been performed to determine the destination of such molecules in vivo and especially if they can pass the blood brain barrier. The aim of this paper is to study whether carbazoles could pass the blood brain barrier, i.e. if they can circumvent ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Multidrug Resistance-associated protein (MRP1) which efficiently limit drug brain uptake. For this purpose we have synthesized a fluorescent derivative of carbazole benzothiazolium iodide 1,2 disubstituted ethylene (referred as carbazole thiazole: CT), which can be easily detected and followed in the pre-trial study phases in cells or in tissue. We use cellular models overexpressing P-gp and MRP1. Our results show that: i) CT is able to cross membranes and to penetrate rapidly inside the cells, ii) CT is a P-gp substrate and consequently its accumulation in P-gp overexpressing cells is very low, iii) CT is a poor MRP1 substrate. In addition once inside the cells, CT rapidly binds to DNA and is then slowly reduced by intracellular reducing agents. In conclusion, the efficiency of carbazole derivatives in inhibiting the beta-amyloid formation in vivo could be highly compromised because, as P-gp substrates, they will probably not cross the blood brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantarawan Saengkhae
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Tissulaire, UMR CNRS 7033, Université Paris 13 et Paris 6, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
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29
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Peer D, Margalit R. Fluoxetine and reversal of multidrug resistance. Cancer Lett 2006; 237:180-7. [PMID: 16014320 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This review centers on recent findings with respect to modulating cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) with the well-known antidepressant fluoxetine (prozac). The MDR phenomena and mechanisms are discussed, including the roles of ABC transporters as MDR-pumps and the potential involvement of cancer stem cells. The three generations of MDR reversal agents (chemosensitizers) are reviewed, introducing the concept of single-pump and multi-pump agents. The current status of chemosensitization is summarized, pointing-out the need for additional agents and outlining experimental criteria for testing novel candidates. Major in vitro and in vivo findings are summarized showing that fluoxetine is a chemosensitizer of the multi-pump type, and proposing it be considered a fourth-generation chemosensitizer. In concluding, we contemplate future prospects of modulating MDR in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peer
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Life Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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30
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Dzamitika S, Salerno M, Pereira-Maia E, Le Moyec L, Garnier-Suillerot A. Preferential energy- and potential-dependent accumulation of cisplatin-gutathione complexes in human cancer cell lines (GLC4 and K562): A likely role of mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2006; 38:11-21. [PMID: 16732471 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-006-9001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) is an important chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of a wide variety of solid tumors. We have recently shown that aquated forms of cisplatin (aqua-Pt) rapidly accumulate in K562 and GLC4 cultured cells, in comparison to CDDP. Thus, when cells are incubated with aquated forms of cisplatin a gradient of concentration is observed after a short time, approximately 40 min, with an intracellular concentration of aqua-Pt of 20-30 times higher than that of extracellular aqua-Pt. The same gradient of concentration is observed when cells are incubated with CDDP but it takes a longer time, i.e., about 24 h. Therefore, the question arises as to the identity of the intracellular sites of accumulation of aqua-Pt. Using several agents to modulate membrane potential, acidic compartment pH and/or ATP level, we obtained evidence that aqua-Pt may accumulate rapidly inside mitochondria as this accumulation is energy- and membrane-potential-dependent. However, aqua-Pt complexes are not characterized by a delocalized charge and a lipophilic character that would permit their movement through the inner membrane. Therefore, it is suggested that intracellular aqua-Pt reacts rapidly with glutathione with the resultant complex being transported inside the mitochondria via one of the known glutathione transporters, i.e., dicarboxylate and/or 2-oxoglutarate transporters present in the inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simplice Dzamitika
- Biophysique Moléculaire Cellulaire et Tissulaire (BioMoCeTi UMR-CNRS 7033), Université Paris 13 et Université Paris 6, UFR SMBH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny, France
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31
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Darghal N, Garnier-Suillerot A, Salerno M. Mechanism of thioflavin T accumulation inside cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein or multidrug resistance-associated protein: Role of lipophilicity and positive charge. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 343:623-9. [PMID: 16554036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of amyloid deposition. Thioflavin T (ThT) has been one of the molecules of choice to attempt the detection of these amyloid deposits. However, it has been reported that ThT was unable to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our aim was to understand the mechanism according to which it has been said that ThT is not able to cross the BBB. For this purpose we have used cellular models overexpressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), two proteins overexpressed in BBB. Our results show that: (i) ThT is able to cross membranes and to penetrate inside the cells; (ii) ThT is a P-gp substrate; (iii) ThT is poor MRP1 substrate. In conclusion, our results suggest that two factors could be involved in the low accumulation of ThT in the brain: ThT is a P-gp substrate and its lipophilicity is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacira Darghal
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Tissulaire (BioMoCeTi), UMR CNRS 7033, Université Paris 13 et Paris 6, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
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32
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Shedden K, Rosania GR. Exploratory Chemoinformatic Analysis of Cell Type-Selective Anticancer Drug Targeting. Mol Pharm 2004; 1:267-80. [PMID: 15981586 DOI: 10.1021/mp049953k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical development, structure-activity relationship studies aim to identify characteristics of chemical structures associated with well-defined activity end points. While this goal-driven approach is ideally suited for lead development purposes, a more exploration-driven approach is needed to discover cell type-selective drug targeting mechanisms in complex data sets. Growth inhibition profiles across different cancer cell lines are potentially informative with respect to molecular mechanisms targeting the activity of anticancer agents to specific tumor cells, yet only a small number of mechanistic associations between chemical structure and growth inhibition profiles have been discovered to date. Here, we have applied an exhaustive statistical analysis strategy to more than 10000 compounds in the NCI's anticancer agent database to identify molecular substructures associated with specific cytotoxicity signatures against a panel of human tumor-derived cancer cell lines (the Developmental Therapeutics Program 60-cell line panel). Some of the most significant substructures conferring cell type-selective cytotoxic activity include a large family of delocalized lipophilic cations; chloropurines, chloropyrimidines, and thiazoles; organosulfur chelators and organometallic complexes; and an unexpectedly related family of alkyl-lysophospholipids and phosphate prodrugs. Information from cell-based assays and gene expression measurements have been related to substructures represented in the chemical space covered by the library, yielding several candidate targeting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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