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Mota B, Brás AR, Araújo-Andrade L, Silva A, Pereira PA, Madeira MD, Cardoso A. High-Caloric Diets in Adolescence Impair Specific GABAergic Subpopulations, Neurogenesis, and Alter Astrocyte Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5524. [PMID: 38791562 PMCID: PMC11122083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of two different high-caloric diets administered to 4-week-old rats for 12 weeks: a diet rich in sugar (30% sucrose) and a cafeteria diet rich in sugar and high-fat foods. We focused on the hippocampus, particularly on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system, including the Ca2+-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), and the neuropeptides somatostatin (SST) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). We also analyzed the density of cholinergic varicosities, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), reelin (RELN), and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) mRNA levels, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. The cafeteria diet reduced PV-positive neurons in the granular layer, hilus, and CA1, as well as NPY-positive neurons in the hilus, without altering other GABAergic populations or overall GABA levels. The high-sugar diet induced a decrease in the number of PV-positive cells in CA3 and an increase in CB-positive cells in the hilus and CA1. No alterations were observed in the cholinergic varicosities. The cafeteria diet also reduced the relative mRNA expression of RELN without significant changes in BDNF and CDK5 levels. The cafeteria diet increased the number but reduced the length of the astrocyte processes. These data highlight the significance of determining the mechanisms mediating the observed effects of these diets and imply that the cognitive impairments previously found might be related to both the neuroinflammation process and the reduction in PV, NPY, and RELN expression in the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mota
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Brás
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
| | - Leonardo Araújo-Andrade
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Pereira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Dulce Madeira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Cardoso
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Hamrick MW, Stranahan AM. Metabolic regulation of aging and age-related disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101175. [PMID: 32971259 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inquiry into relationships between energy metabolism and brain function requires a uniquely interdisciplinary mindset, and implementation of anti-aging lifestyle strategies based on this work also involves consistent mental and physical discipline. Dr. Mark P. Mattson embodies both of these qualities, based on the breadth and depth of his work on neurobiological responses to energetic stress, and on his own diligent practice of regular exercise and caloric restriction. Dr. Mattson created a neurotrophic niche in his own laboratory, allowing trainees to grow their skills, form new connections, and eventually migrate, forming their own labs while remaining part of the extended lab family. In this historical review, we highlight Dr. Mattson's many contributions to understanding neurobiological responses to physical exercise and dietary restriction, with an emphasis on the mechanisms that may underlie neuroprotection in ageing and age-related disease. On the occasion of Dr. Mattson's retirement from the National Institute on Aging, we highlight his foundational work on metabolism and neuroplasticity by reviewing the context for these findings and considering their impact on future research on the neuroscience of aging.
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Viena TD, Rasch GE, Silva D, Allen TA. Calretinin and calbindin architecture of the midline thalamus associated with prefrontal–hippocampal circuitry. Hippocampus 2020; 31:770-789. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana D. Viena
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Gabriela E. Rasch
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Daniela Silva
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Timothy A. Allen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology Florida International University Miami Florida USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University Miami Florida USA
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4
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Zahola P, Hanics J, Pintér A, Máté Z, Gáspárdy A, Hevesi Z, Echevarria D, Adori C, Barde S, Törőcsik B, Erdélyi F, Szabó G, Wagner L, Kovacs GG, Hökfelt T, Harkany T, Alpár A. Secretagogin expression in the vertebrate brainstem with focus on the noradrenergic system and implications for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2061-2078. [PMID: 31144035 PMCID: PMC6591208 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-binding proteins are widely used to distinguish neuronal subsets in the brain. This study focuses on secretagogin, an EF-hand calcium sensor, to identify distinct neuronal populations in the brainstem of several vertebrate species. By using neural tube whole mounts of mouse embryos, we show that secretagogin is already expressed during the early ontogeny of brainstem noradrenaline cells. In adults, secretagogin-expressing neurons typically populate relay centres of special senses and vegetative regulatory centres of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. Notably, secretagogin expression overlapped with the brainstem column of noradrenergic cell bodies, including the locus coeruleus (A6) and the A1, A5 and A7 fields. Secretagogin expression in avian, mouse, rat and human samples showed quasi-equivalent patterns, suggesting conservation throughout vertebrate phylogeny. We found reduced secretagogin expression in locus coeruleus from subjects with Alzheimer’s disease, and this reduction paralleled the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase, the enzyme rate limiting noradrenaline synthesis. Residual secretagogin immunoreactivity was confined to small submembrane domains associated with initial aberrant tau phosphorylation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that secretagogin is a useful marker to distinguish neuronal subsets in the brainstem, conserved throughout several species, and its altered expression may reflect cellular dysfunction of locus coeruleus neurons in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Zahola
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Hanics
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Pintér
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Máté
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Gáspárdy
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Hevesi
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Echevarria
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Csaba Adori
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beáta Törőcsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 7D, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alán Alpár
- SE NAP B Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Boccara CN, Kjonigsen LJ, Hammer IM, Bjaalie JG, Leergaard TB, Witter MP. A three-plane architectonic atlas of the rat hippocampal region. Hippocampus 2015; 25:838-57. [PMID: 25533645 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal region, comprising the hippocampal formation and the parahippocampal region, has been one of the most intensively studied parts of the brain for decades. Better understanding of its functional diversity and complexity has led to an increased demand for specificity in experimental procedures and manipulations. In view of the complex 3D structure of the hippocampal region, precisely positioned experimental approaches require a fine-grained architectural description that is available and readable to experimentalists lacking detailed anatomical experience. In this paper, we provide the first cyto- and chemoarchitectural description of the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal region in the rat at high resolution and in the three standard sectional planes: coronal, horizontal and sagittal. The atlas uses a series of adjacent sections stained for neurons and for a number of chemical marker substances, particularly parvalbumin and calbindin. All the borders defined in one plane have been cross-checked against their counterparts in the other two planes. The entire dataset will be made available as a web-based interactive application through the Rodent Brain WorkBench (http://www.rbwb.org) which, together with this paper, provides a unique atlas resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte N Boccara
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for System Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Institute of Science and Technology IST, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lisa J Kjonigsen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild M Hammer
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for System Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve B Leergaard
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Centre for Neural Computation, Kavli Institute for System Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Rivera P, Arrabal S, Cifuentes M, Grondona JM, Pérez-Martín M, Rubio L, Vargas A, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Localization of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor and the 2-AG synthesizing (DAGLα) and degrading (MAGL, FAAH) enzymes in cells expressing the Ca(2+)-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the adult rat hippocampus. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:56. [PMID: 25018703 PMCID: PMC4073216 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The retrograde suppression of the synaptic transmission by the endocannabinoid sn-2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is mediated by the cannabinoid CB1 receptors and requires the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and the activation of specific 2-AG synthesizing (i.e., DAGLα) enzymes. However, the anatomical organization of the neuronal substrates that express 2-AG/CB1 signaling system-related molecules associated with selective Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs) is still unknown. For this purpose, we used double-label immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy for the characterization of the expression of the 2-AG/CB1 signaling system (CB1 receptor, DAGLα, MAGL, and FAAH) and the CaBPs calbindin D28k, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus. CB1, DAGLα, and MAGL labeling was mainly localized in fibers and neuropil, which were differentially organized depending on the hippocampal CaBPs-expressing cells. CB+1 fiber terminals localized in all hippocampal principal cell layers were tightly attached to calbindin+ cells (granular and pyramidal neurons), and calretinin+ and parvalbumin+ interneurons. DAGLα neuropil labeling was selectively found surrounding calbindin+ principal cells in the dentate gyrus and CA1, and in the calretinin+ and parvalbumin+ interneurons in the pyramidal cell layers of the CA1/3 fields. MAGL+ terminals were only observed around CA1 calbindin+ pyramidal cells, CA1/3 calretinin+ interneurons and CA3 parvalbumin+ interneurons localized in the pyramidal cell layers. Interestingly, calbindin+ pyramidal cells expressed FAAH specifically in the CA1 field. The identification of anatomically related-neuronal substrates that expressed 2-AG/CB1 signaling system and selective CaBPs should be considered when analyzing the cannabinoid signaling associated with hippocampal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga (UGC Salud Mental) Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga (UGC Salud Mental) Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Cifuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Grondona
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Leticia Rubio
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga (UGC Salud Mental) Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga (UGC Salud Mental) Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga (UGC Salud Mental) Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga (UGC Salud Mental) Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga (UGC Salud Mental) Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
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Rivera P, Arrabal S, Vargas A, Blanco E, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J. Localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) in cells expressing the Ca(2+)-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the adult rat hippocampus. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:12. [PMID: 24672435 PMCID: PMC3955776 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmithylethanolamide (PEA) are known to be endogenous ligands of PPARα receptors, and their presence requires the activation of a specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) associated with intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Thus, the identification of a specific population of NAPE-PLD/PPARα-containing neurons that express selective Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs) may provide a neuroanatomical basis to better understand the PPARα system in the brain. For this purpose, we used double-label immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy for the characterization of the co-existence of NAPE-PLD/PPARα and the CaBPs calbindin D28k, calretinin and parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus. PPARα expression was specifically localized in the cell nucleus and, occasionally, in the cytoplasm of the principal cells (dentate granular and CA pyramidal cells) and some non-principal cells of the hippocampus. PPARα was expressed in the calbindin-containing cells of the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the SP of CA1. These principal PPARα+/calbindin+ cells were closely surrounded by NAPE-PLD+ fiber varicosities. No pyramidal PPARα+/calbindin+ cells were detected in CA3. Most cells containing parvalbumin expressed both NAPE-PLD and PPARα in the principal layers of the DG and CA1/3. A small number of cells containing PPARα and calretinin was found along the hippocampus. Scattered NAPE-PLD+/calretinin+ cells were specifically detected in CA3. NAPE-PLD+ puncta surrounded the calretinin+ cells localized in the principal cells of the DG and CA1. The identification of the hippocampal subpopulations of NAPE-PLD/PPARα-containing neurons that express selective CaBPs should be considered when analyzing the role of NAEs/PPARα-signaling system in the regulation of hippocampal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- Departament de Pedagogia i Psicologia, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació, Universitat de Lleida Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Laboratorio de Investigación (UGC Salud Mental), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Madrid, Spain
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8
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Slomianka L, Drenth T, Cavegn N, Menges D, Lazic SE, Phalanndwa M, Chimimba CT, Amrein I. The hippocampus of the eastern rock sengi: cytoarchitecture, markers of neuronal function, principal cell numbers, and adult neurogenesis. Front Neuroanat 2013; 7:34. [PMID: 24194702 PMCID: PMC3810719 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2013.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The brains of sengis (elephant shrews, order Macroscelidae) have long been known to contain a hippocampus that in terms of allometric progression indices is larger than that of most primates and equal in size to that of humans. In this report, we provide descriptions of hippocampal cytoarchitecture in the eastern rock sengi (Elephantulus myurus), of the distributions of hippocampal calretinin, calbindin, parvalbumin, and somatostatin, of principal neuron numbers, and of cell numbers related to proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Sengi hippocampal cytoarchitecture is an amalgamation of characters that are found in CA1 of, e.g., guinea pig and rabbits and in CA3 and dentate gyrus of primates. Correspondence analysis of total cell numbers and quantitative relations between principal cell populations relate this sengi to macaque monkeys and domestic pigs, and distinguish the sengi from distinct patterns of relations found in humans, dogs, and murine rodents. Calretinin and calbindin are present in some cell populations that also express these proteins in other species, e.g., interneurons at the stratum oriens/alveus border or temporal hilar mossy cells, but neurons expressing these markers are often scarce or absent in other layers. The distributions of parvalbumin and somatostatin resemble those in other species. Normalized numbers of PCNA+ proliferating cells and doublecortin-positive (DCX+) differentiating cells of neuronal lineage fall within the overall ranges of murid rodents, but differed from three murid species captured in the same habitat in that fewer DCX+ cells relative to PCNA+ were observed. The large and well-differentiated sengi hippocampus is not accompanied by correspondingly sized cortical and subcortical limbic areas that are the main hippocampal sources of afferents and targets of efferents. This points to intrinsic hippocampal information processing as the selective advantage of the large sengi hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Slomianka
- Institute of Anatomy, University of ZürichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Drenth
- Institute of Anatomy, University of ZürichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Cavegn
- Institute of Anatomy, University of ZürichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Menges
- Institute of Anatomy, University of ZürichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Stanley E. Lazic
- In Silico Lead Discovery, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchBasel, Switzerland
| | - Mashudu Phalanndwa
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of PretoriaHatfield, South Africa
- Western Cape Nature Conservation Board (CapeNature)Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christian T. Chimimba
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of PretoriaHatfield, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology University of PretoriaHatfield, South Africa
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Institute of Anatomy, University of ZürichZürich, Switzerland
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Alpár A, Attems J, Mulder J, Hökfelt T, Harkany T. The renaissance of Ca2+-binding proteins in the nervous system: secretagogin takes center stage. Cell Signal 2012; 24:378-387. [PMID: 21982882 PMCID: PMC3237847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective control of the Ca(2+) homeostasis in any living cell is paramount to coordinate some of the most essential physiological processes, including cell division, morphological differentiation, and intercellular communication. Therefore, effective homeostatic mechanisms have evolved to maintain the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration at physiologically adequate levels, as well as to regulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of Ca(2+)signaling at subcellular resolution. Members of the superfamily of EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding proteins are effective to either attenuate intracellular Ca(2+) transients as stochiometric buffers or function as Ca(2+) sensors whose conformational change upon Ca(2+) binding triggers protein-protein interactions, leading to cell state-specific intracellular signaling events. In the central nervous system, some EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding proteins are restricted to specific subtypes of neurons or glia, with their expression under developmental and/or metabolic control. Therefore, Ca(2+)-binding proteins are widely used as molecular markers of cell identity whilst also predicting excitability and neurotransmitter release profiles in response to electrical stimuli. Secretagogin is a novel member of the group of EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding proteins whose expression precedes that of many other Ca(2+)-binding proteins in postmitotic, migratory neurons in the embryonic nervous system. Secretagogin expression persists during neurogenesis in the adult brain, yet becomes confined to regionalized subsets of differentiated neurons in the adult central and peripheral nervous and neuroendocrine systems. Secretagogin may be implicated in the control of neuronal turnover and differentiation, particularly since it is re-expressed in neoplastic brain and endocrine tumors and modulates cell proliferation in vitro. Alternatively, and since secretagogin can bind to SNARE proteins, it might function as a Ca(2+) sensor/coincidence detector modulating vesicular exocytosis of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides or hormones. Thus, secretagogin emerges as a functionally multifaceted Ca(2+)-binding protein whose molecular characterization can unravel a new and fundamental dimension of Ca(2+)signaling under physiological and disease conditions in the nervous system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alán Alpár
- European Neuroscience Institute at Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Mulder
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23A, S-17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- European Neuroscience Institute at Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom; Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Morona R, González A. Calbindin-D28k and calretinin expression in the forebrain of anuran and urodele amphibians: Further support for newly identified subdivisions. J Comp Neurol 2008; 511:187-220. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Giachino C, Canalia N, Capone F, Fasolo A, Alleva E, Riva MA, Cirulli F, Peretto P. Maternal deprivation and early handling affect density of calcium binding protein-containing neurons in selected brain regions and emotional behavior in periadolescent rats. Neuroscience 2007; 145:568-78. [PMID: 17275195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adverse early life experiences can induce neurochemical changes that may underlie modifications in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness, emotionality and cognition. Here, we investigated the expression of the calcium binding proteins (CBPs) calretinin, calbindin and parvalbumin, which identify subpopulations of GABAergic neurons and serve important functional roles by buffering intracellular calcium levels, following brief (early handling) and long (maternal deprivation) periods of maternal separation, as compared with non-handled controls. CBP-expressing neurons were analyzed in brain regions related to stress and anxiety. Emotionality was assessed in parallel using the social interaction test. Analyses were carried out at periadolescence, an important phase for the development of brain areas involved in stress responses. Our results indicate that density of CBP-immunoreactive neurons decreases in the paraventricular region of deprived rats but increases in the hippocampus and lateral amygdala of both early-handled and deprived rats when compared with controls. Emotionality is reduced in both early-handled and deprived animals. In conclusion, early handling and deprivation led to neurochemical and behavioral changes linked to stress-sensitive brain regions. These data suggest that the effects of early experiences on CBP containing neurons might contribute to the functional changes of neuronal circuits involved in emotional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giachino
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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Rüttimann E, Vacher CM, Gassmann M, Kaupmann K, Van der Putten H, Bettler B. Altered hippocampal expression of calbindin-D-28k and calretinin in GABAB(1)-deficient mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:1613-20. [PMID: 15451404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Balb/c GABA(B(1))(-/-) mice develop complex epileptiform activity, including spontaneous and audiogenic generalized seizures, 6-8 weeks after birth. The neuronal systems involved in these epilepsies have not been identified yet. Because the hippocampus is critically involved in epileptiform activity, we now investigated whether this brain region exhibits seizure-related alterations. Using semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry, we studied the temporal and cellular hippocampal expression pattern of two seizure-sensitive calcium-binding proteins, calbindin-D-28k and calretinin, in GABA(B(1))(-/-) mice. One month after birth, before the onset of overt epileptiform activity, wild-type (WT) and GABA(B(1))(-/-) mice exhibit comparable expression profiles for the two calcium-binding proteins. Three months after birth, once the epileptic phenotype is established, we observe clear alterations in the expression of calcium-binding proteins in the dentate gyrus area. GABA(B(1))(-/-) mice exhibit a 50% decline in the staining intensity of calbindin-D-28k expressing neurons and a 70% increase in the number of calretinin-positive neurons when compared to WT littermates. Six months after birth, the down-regulation of calbindin-D-28k protein is even more pronounced, while the calretinin expression in GABA(B(1))(-/-) mice reverts to the pattern seen in WT littermates. Our data demonstrate that the absence of functional GABA(B) receptors causes epileptiform activity through a mechanism that crucially involves dentate gyrus granule cells, and that this pathological activity is accompanied by adaptive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rüttimann
- Department of Clinical-Biological Sciences, Institute of Physiology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Brandt MD, Jessberger S, Steiner B, Kronenberg G, Reuter K, Bick-Sander A, von der Behrens W, Kempermann G. Transient calretinin expression defines early postmitotic step of neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis of mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2003; 24:603-13. [PMID: 14664811 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We here show that the early postmitotic stage of granule cell development during adult hippocampal neurogenesis is characterized by the transient expression of calretinin (CR). CR expression was detected as early as 1 day after labeling dividing cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), but not before. Staining for Ki-67 confirmed that no CR-expressing cells were in cell cycle. Early after BrdU, CR colocalized with immature neuronal marker doublecortin; and later with persisting neuronal marker NeuN. BrdU/CR-labeled cells were negative for GABA and GABAA1 receptor, but early on expressed granule cell marker Prox-1. After 6 weeks, no new neurons expressed CR, but all contained calbindin. Stimuli inducing adult neurogenesis have limited (enriched environment), strong (voluntary wheel running), and very strong effects on cell proliferation (kainate-induced seizures). In these models the induction of cell proliferation was paralleled by an increase of CR-positive cells, indicating the stimulus-dependent progression from cell division to a postmitotic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz D Brandt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein with a possible role as a calcium buffer, calcium-sensor, or regulator of apoptosis. Calretinin is expressed in neural tissue, is a specific marker of mesothelial cells, and has been demonstrated in the odontogenic epithelium during odontogenesis in rat molar tooth germs. Moreover, it has been found to be expressed in a high proportion of solid, unicystic, and multicystic ameloblastomas, whereas, on the contrary, no positive staining has been found in odontogenic keratocysts, residual cysts, and dentigerous cysts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate calretinin expression in radicular cysts, follicular cysts, orthokeratinized keratocysts, and parakeratinized keratocysts. A total of 70 odontogenic cysts, 24 radicular cysts, 24 follicular cysts, and 22 odontogenic keratocysts (10 orthokeratinized keratocysts, 12 parakeratinized keratocysts) were evaluated. All the radicular cysts, follicular cysts, and orthokeratinized keratocysts were negative. However in 8 of 12 parakeratinized keratocysts, there was a positivity to calretinin in the parabasal-intermediate layers of the cyst epithelium. This positivity to calretinin in the parabasal layers in parakeratinized keratocysts, similar to that found for other markers like PCNA and p53, could point to an abnormal control of the cell cycle and could help to explain the differences in the clinical and pathologic behavior of odontogenic keratocysts, in particular the differences found between orthokeratinized keratocysts and parakeratinized keratocysts.
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