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Shen YM, Chen DZ. An Explorer of Chemical Biology of Plant Natural Products in Southwest China, Xiaojiang Hao. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:217-226. [PMID: 30032475 PMCID: PMC6102171 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Xiaojiang Hao, who obtained Master Degree from Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1985, and Doctor in Pharmacy degree in Pharmacy from Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, in 1990, was born in Chongqing in July, 1951. In 1991, he returned to KIB, CAS, as an Associate professor and served as the chair of the Department of Phytochemistry. In 1994, he was promoted to a full professor at the current institute. He served as the Deputy Director of KIB and the Director of Open Laboratory of Phytochemistry from 1995 to 1997, and the Director of KIB from 1997 to 2005. Professor Hao has published more than 450 peer-reviewed SCI papers, which have been cited over 6000 times. He has obtained one PCT patent and 23 patents in China. Due to his tremendous efforts, one candidate drug, phenchlobenpyrrone, has entered the Phase II clinical trail for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, he won the First Prize of Natural Sciences in Yunnan Province for three times, and Ho Leung Ho Lee Fund Science and Technology Innovation Award in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mao Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Academic City, No. 3491 Platina Way, Hi-tech Zone, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Duo-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
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2
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Kiss T, Cank KB, Orbán-Gyapai O, Liktor-Busa E, Zomborszki ZP, Rutkovska S, Pučka I, Németh A, Csupor D. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of Spiraea chamaedryfolia: a contribution to the chemotaxonomy of Spiraea genus. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:762. [PMID: 29268773 PMCID: PMC5740960 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diterpene alkaloids are secondary plant metabolites and chemotaxonomical markers with a strong biological activity. These compounds are characteristic for the Ranunculaceae family, while their occurrence in other taxa is rare. Several species of the Spiraea genus (Rosaceae) are examples of this rarity. Screening Spiraea species for alkaloid content is a chemotaxonomical approach to clarify the classification and phylogeny of the genus. Novel pharmacological findings make further investigations of Spiraea diterpene alkaloids promising. Results Seven Spiraea species were screened for diterpene alkaloids. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations were performed on Spiraea chamaedryfolia, the species found to contain diterpene alkaloids. Its alkaloid-rich fractions were found to exert a remarkable xanthine-oxidase inhibitory activity and a moderate antibacterial activity. The alkaloid distribution within the root was clarified by microscopic techniques. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-3013-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tivadar Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Bence Cank
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Orbán-Gyapai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Erika Liktor-Busa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Péter Zomborszki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Santa Rutkovska
- Department of Chemistry and Geography, Daugavpils University, Parādes st. 1, Daugavpils, 5401, Latvia
| | - Irēna Pučka
- Department of Chemistry and Geography, Daugavpils University, Parādes st. 1, Daugavpils, 5401, Latvia
| | - Anikó Németh
- Botanical Garden, University of Szeged, Lövölde u. 42, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary. .,Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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Islam MT, da Silva CB, de Alencar MVOB, Paz MFCJ, Almeida FRDC, Melo-Cavalcante AADC. Diterpenes: Advances in Neurobiological Drug Research. Phytother Res 2016; 30:915-28. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Torequl Islam
- Northest Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy; Southern University Bangladesh; 22-Shahid Mirza Lane (E), Academic building-II, 1st floor, 739/A, Mehedibag Road, Mehedibag-4000 Chittagong Bangladesh
| | - Claucenira Bandeira da Silva
- Northest Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros de Alencar
- Northest Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
| | - Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Northest Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina de Castro Almeida
- Northest Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Northest Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science; Federal University of Piauí; 64.049-550 Teresina Brazil
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Tang DH, Ma D, Cheng H, Li YL, Xu L. A bio-inspired synthetic route to the core ring systems of Spiraea atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids and related diterpenes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2716-22. [PMID: 26837236 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00053c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bio-inspired synthetic strategy for the construction of the complex substructures of biologically active atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids and related diterpenes was successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
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Ma Y, Mao XY, Huang LJ, Fan YM, Gu W, Yan C, Huang T, Zhang JX, Yuan CM, Hao XJ. Diterpene alkaloids and diterpenes from Spiraea japonica and their anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity. Fitoterapia 2015; 109:8-13. [PMID: 26625838 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Five new naturally occurring natural products, including two atisine-type diterpene alkaloids (1 and 2), two atisane-type diterpenes (3 and 4), and a new natural product spiramine C2 (5), along with nine known ones (6-14), were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the whole plant of Spiraea japonica var. acuminata Franch. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activities of all the compounds were evaluated by the conventional half-leaf method. Six compounds (2, 3, 6, 7, 11, and 12) exhibited moderate activities at 100 μg/mL with inhibition rates in the range of 69.4-92.9%, which were higher than that of the positive control, ningnanmycin. Their preliminary structure-activity relationships were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ying Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lie-Jun Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Min Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Mao Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Product of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China.
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Lee JC, Won MH. Neuroprotection of antioxidant enzymes against transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Anat Cell Biol 2014; 47:149-56. [PMID: 25276473 PMCID: PMC4178189 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2014.47.3.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimentally transient global cerebral ischemia using animal models have been thoroughly studied and numerous reports suggest the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neuronal death in ischemic lesions. In animal models, during the reperfusion period after ischemia, increased oxygen supply results in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in the process of cell death. ROS, such as superoxide anions, hydroxyl free radicals, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide are produced as a consequence of metabolic reactions and central nervous system activity. These reactive species are directly involved in the oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids and proteins in ischemic tissues, which can lead to cell death. Antioxidant enzymes are believed to be among the major mechanisms by which cells counteract the deleterious effect of ROS after cerebral ischemia. Consequently, antioxidant strategies have been long suggested as a therapy for experimental ischemic stroke; however, clinical trials have not yet been able to promote the translation of this concept into patient treatment regimens. This article focuses on the contribution of oxidative stress or antioxidants to the post-ischemic neuronal death following transient global cerebral ischemia by using a gerbil model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Polat MF, Hettmanczyk L, Zhang W, Szabo Z, Franzén J. One-Pot, Two-Step Protocol for the Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Active N,O- and O,O-Acetals. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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A diterpenoid derivative 15-oxospiramilactone inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and colon cancer cell tumorigenesis. Cell Res 2011; 21:730-40. [PMID: 21321609 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2011.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway in organism evolution and regulates many biological processes. Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is closely related to tumorigenesis. In order to identify potent small molecules to treat the over-activated Wnt signaling-mediated cancer, such as colon cancer, we established a mammalian cell line-based reporter gene screening system. The screen revealed a diterpenoid derivative, 15-oxospiramilactone (NC043) that inhibits Wnt3a or LiCl-stimulated Top-flash reporter activity in HEK293T cells and growth of colon cancer cells, SW480 and Caco-2. Treatment of SW480 cells with NC043 led to decreases in the mRNA and/or protein expression of Wnt target genes Axin2, Cyclin D1 and Survivin , as well as decreases in the protein levels of Cdc25c and Cdc2. NC043 did not affect the cytosol-nuclear distribution and protein level of soluble β-catenin, but decreased β-catenin/TCF4 association in SW480 cells. Moreover, NC043 inhibited anchorage-independent growth and xenograft tumorigenesis of SW480 cells. Collectively these results demonstrate that NC043 is a novel small molecule that inhibits canonical Wnt signaling downstream of β-catenin stability and may be a potential compound for treating colorectal cancer.
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Sui H, Wang W, Wang PH, Liu LS. Effect of glutathione peroxidase mimic ebselen (PZ51) on endothelium and vascular structure of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blood Press 2009; 14:366-72. [PMID: 16403691 DOI: 10.1080/08037050500210781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether extrinsic antioxidant seleno-glutathione peroxidase mimic ebselen (PZ51) can protect endothelium and vascular structure of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) during the chronic process of hypertension. METHODS Twenty-two 8-week-old SHRsp were randomized into a PZ51 group and a control group, and administered by gavage for 6 weeks. We examined the level of nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in plasma. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) was measured by an image-analysis system. The endothelium of the CCA was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The eNOS protein of the major artery was assayed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the control group, PZ51 decreased plasma MDA (7.88+/-1.06 vs 10.88+/-1.73 nmol/l, p<0.001) and increased plasma NO (40.02+/-9.74 vs 22.22+/-10.05 micromol/l, p<0.001), increased eNOS protein expression (8.25+/-2.36 vs 4.46+/-3.14, p=0.026), decreased IMT (69.85+/-5.47 vs 76.60+/-6.53 microm, p<0.05) significantly and alleviated the damage to the endothelium of the CCA. CONCLUSION Administration of PZ51 for 6 weeks can protect the endothelium and inhibit vascular remodeling, maybe due to its suppression of lipid peroxide formation and increase in eNOS protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sui
- Cardiovascular Institute & FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Choudhary MI, Naheed N, Abbaskhan A, Ali S. Hemiterpene glucosides and other constituents from Spiraea canescens. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1467-1473. [PMID: 19747701 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Five glycosides, 2-(trans-cinnamoyloxy-methyl)-1-butene-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4-(6'-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-(2-hydroxymethyl-4-hydroxy-butenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 6''-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 6'-O-(4-methoxy-trans-cinnamoyl) alpha/beta-D-glucopyranose (4) 6'-O-(4''-methoxy-trans-cinnamoyl)-kaempferol-3-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7) along with six known compounds, (+)-isolariciresinol 3a-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8) (+)-lyoniresinol 3a-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), 6'-O-cinnamoyl-alpha/beta-D-glucopyranose (6) 6'-O-p-coumaroyl-alpha/beta-D-glucopyranose (5) were isolated from the whole plant of Spiraea canescens. Some of these compounds showed potent radical scavenging activity in relevant non-physiological assays. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic and CID mass spectrometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Liu HY, Ni W, Chen CX, Di YT, Hao XJ. Two New Diterpenoid Lactams fromSpiraea japonicavar.ovalifolia. Helv Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200800442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hou T, Teng Y, Sun Q, Yu Z. A new fungitoxic metabolite from Spiraea alpina Pall. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:237-40. [PMID: 19239922 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The fungitoxic metabolites of Spiraea alpina Pall. were identified using inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, Gibberella zeae, Pyricularia oryzea and Exserohilum turcicum as an end-point. The major fungitoxic constituent of S. alpina was a new diacylated sugar, structurally elucidated as 6-O-(3',4'-dihydroxy-2'-methylenbutyryl)-1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose. This compound could inhibit at 0.1 mg/ml Rhizoctonia solani and Exserohilum turcicum, 87.6% and 63.2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Liu HY, Gao S, Di YT, Chen CX, Lü Y, Zhang L, Zheng QT, Hao XJ. A Novel Atisane Diterpenoid fromSpiraea japonica var.acuta. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
This review will focus on the impact of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in the development of diabetes-related neural dysfunction. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of cells or tissues to detoxify the free radicals produced during metabolic activity is tilted in the favor of the former. Although hyperglycemia plays a key role in inducing oxidative stress in the diabetic nerve, the contribution of other factors, such as endoneurial hypoxia, transition metal imbalances, and hyperlipidemia have been also suggested. The possible sources for the overproduction of ROS in diabetes are widespread and include enzymatic pathways, auto-oxidation of glucose, and mitochondrial superoxide production. Increase in oxidative stress has clearly been shown to contribute to the pathology of neural and vascular dysfunction in diabetes. Potential therapies for preventing increased oxidative stress in diabetic nerve dysfunction will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Pop-Busui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Hu XM, Zhou MM, Hu XM, Zeng FD. Neuroprotective effects of scutellarin on rat neuronal damage induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005; 26:1454-9. [PMID: 16297343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanisms of scutellarin, a flavonoid extracted from Erigeron breviscapus Hand Mazz, against neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS Rats were pretreated ig with scutellarin for 7 d and then subjected to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The infarct volume and neurological deficit were determined by TTC staining and Longa's score. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier was evaluated by measurement of the Evans blue (EB) content in the brain with a spectrophotometer. The total NOx content was determined. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms (iNOS, eNOS, nNOS) and the key angiogenic molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Scutellarin significantly reduced infarct volume (P<0.05 or P<0.01), ameliorated the neurological deficit and reduced the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) (P<0.05). When rats were pretreated with scutellarin (50 or 75 mg/kg), upregulation of eNOS expression and downregulation of VEGF, bFGF, and iNOS expression was observed, whereas scutellarin had no effect on nNOS expression. CONCLUSION Scutellarin has protective effects for cerebral injury through regulating the expression of NOS isoforms and angiogenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, China.
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Sui H, Wang W, Wang PH, Liu LS. Protective effect of antioxidant ebselen (PZ51) on the cerebral cortex of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2005; 28:249-54. [PMID: 16097369 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.28.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An increase in reactive oxygen species has been shown to play a role in perpetuating hypertension and cerebral injury in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex is much more intense in SHRsp after establishment of severe hypertension as compared to that in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Cortical neurons from SHRsp are more vulnerable to hypoxia and hyponutritional conditions. We sought to investigate whether long-term administration of seleno-glutathione peroxidase mimic ebselen (PZ51) would have a protective effect on cortical neurons in SHRsp, and, if so, the possible mechanisms of this effect. Twenty-two 8-week-old SHRsp were randomized into a PZ51 group and control group. Age-matched WKY were used as normal controls. We examined the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the cerebral cortex (CC) homogenate, detected the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by Western blotting, and examined cortical neurons by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that PZ51 treatment significantly decreased both MDA and NO in the CC, inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, and alleviated the damage to cortical neurons compared to the findings for the control group. In conclusion, the present study showed that PZ51 administration suppressed lipid peroxidation and inhibited iNOS protein expression in CC homogenate, and it was suggested that these mechanisms may play a role in the protective effects of PZ51 on cortical neurons of SHRsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sui
- Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No167 BeiLishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China.
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Inden M, Kitamura Y, Kondo JI, Hayashi K, Yanagida T, Takata K, Tsuchiya D, Yanagisawa D, Nishimura K, Taniguchi T, Shimohama S, Sugimoto H, Akaike A. Serofendic acid prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigral neurodegeneration and drug-induced rotational asymmetry in hemi-parkinsonian rats. J Neurochem 2005; 95:950-61. [PMID: 16135081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Serofendic acid was recently identified as a neuroprotective factor from fetal calf serum. This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of an intranigral microinjection of serofendic acid based on behavioral, neurochemical and histochemical studies in hemi-parkinsonian rats using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Rats were injected with 6-OHDA in the presence or absence of serofendic acid, or were treated with serofendic acid on the same lateral side, at 12, 24 or 72 h after 6-OHDA lesion. Intranigral injection of 6-OHDA alone induced a massive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunopositive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Either simultaneous or 12 h post-administration of serofendic acid significantly prevented both dopaminergic neurodegeneration and drug-induced rotational asymmetry. Immunoreactivities for oxidative stress markers, such as 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), were markedly detected in the SNpc of rats injected with 6-OHDA alone. These immunoreactivities were markedly suppressed by the co-administration of serofendic acid, similar to the results in vehicle-treated control rats. In addition, serofendic acid inhibited 6-OHDA-induced alpha-synuclein expression and glial activation in the SNpc. These results suggest that serofendic acid protects against 6-OHDA-induced SNpc dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Inden
- Department of Neurobiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Traditional Eastern Medicine (TEM) has a long history in stroke therapy and its therapeutic efficacy has been confirmed by clinical studies. Extensive experience and abundant clinical data on TEM in stroke treatment have been accumulated over the past thousand years. Basic and clinical research in TEM constitutes a potentially rich source for new drug discovery and development with the integration of TEM and Western pharmacology. In recent years, many attempts have been made to document research data from extracts of composite formulas, single herbs, or single compounds from TEM herbs, according to orthodox pharmacological actions. This article reviews herbs and prescriptions that have been documented to have a neuroprotective effect in in vitro and in vivo ischemic model systems, and the neuroprotective compounds isolated from them. I also discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms of prescriptions, herbs, and single compounds relevant to the treatment of brain ischemia, including anti-oxidant, anti-excitotoxic, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocheol Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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González P, Marín C, Rodríguez-González I, Hitos AB, Rosales MJ, Reina M, Díaz JG, González-Coloma A, Sánchez-Moreno M. In vitro activity of C20-diterpenoid alkaloid derivatives in promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 25:136-41. [PMID: 15664483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro anti-proliferative effects are described of several atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids against the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum, which causes human visceral leishmaniasis and canine leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin, as well as human cutaneous leishmaniasis throughout the Mediterranean region. From a total of 43 compounds tested, including C19- and C20-diterpene alkaloids from several chemical classes, only 15,22-O-diacetyl-19-oxo-dihydroatisine, azitine and isoazitine were highly active against cultures of the parasite (promastigote form) with IC50 values within the range of the reference drug pentamidine-isothionate (7.39-12.80 mg/L for the test compounds, 11.32 mg/L for the positive control). These compounds were not toxic to the host cell. When treated with a dosage of 5 microg/mL of the active compounds (half of their IC50), the promastigote forms lost 80% of their infection capacity and the multiplication of extracellular forms of L. infantum was severely affected. The study showed that atisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids exhibited promising anti-leishmanial properties with strong molecular selectivity. These might have implications for other intracellular pathogens- or phylogenetically related parasites, such as Trypanosoma spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia González
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, C/ Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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20
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Abstract
Oxidative stress results from a cell or tissue failing to detoxify the free radicals that are produced during metabolic activity. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that produces dysregulation of cellular metabolism. This review explores the concept that diabetes overloads glucose metabolic pathways, resulting in excess free radical production and oxidative stress. Evidence is presented to support the idea that both chronic and acute hyperglycemia cause oxidative stress in the peripheral nervous system that can promote the development of diabetic neuropathy. Proteins that are damaged by oxidative stress have decreased biological activity leading to loss of energy metabolism, cell signaling, transport, and, ultimately, to cell death. Examination of the data from animal and cell culture models of diabetes, as well as clinical trials of antioxidants, strongly implicates hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in diabetic neuropathy. We conclude that striving for superior antioxidative therapies remains essential for the prevention of neuropathy in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Vincent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Room 4414, Kresge III, 200 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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21
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Osakada F, Kawato Y, Kume T, Katsuki H, Sugimoto H, Akaike A. Serofendic Acid, a Sulfur-Containing Diterpenoid Derived from Fetal Calf Serum, Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Oxidative Stress in Cultured Striatal Neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 311:51-9. [PMID: 15159446 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.070334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a novel endogenous substance, serofendic acid, from a lipophilic extract of fetal calf serum. Serofendic acid protects cultured cortical neurons against the cytotoxicity of glutamate and nitric oxide. Here, we reported the protective effect of serofendic acid on reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress using primary rat striatal cultures. In addition, we compared the neuroprotective effect and the radical-scavenging activity of serofendic acid with those of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), because serofendic acid possesses a DMSO structure. Paraquat caused neuronal death, which was inhibited by a cell-permeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (Mn-TBAP); a cell-permeable SOD/catalase mimetic, EUK-134 [manganese 3-methoxy N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine chloride]; and a ferrous ion chelator, 2,2'-dipyridyl, in rat striatal cultures. Serofendic acid (10-100 microM) suppressed the neurotoxicity of paraquat, whereas DMSO (10-100 microM) did not. By contrast, higher concentrations (30-300 mM) of DMSO ameliorated the paraquat-induced cell death. Furthermore, H(2)O(2) induced neurotoxicity, which was prevented by EUK-134 and 2,2'-dipyridyl. Serofendic acid (10-100 microM) also protected striatal neurons against the H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity. Higher concentrations (30-300 mM) of DMSO ameliorated H(2)O(2)-induced neuronal death, whereas lower concentrations (10-100 microM) did not. Electron spin resonance spectrometry with a spin-trapping technique revealed that serofendic acid and DMSO had approximately the same ability to inhibit the formation of the hydroxyl radical (.OH). These results suggest that the.OH-scavenging activity of serofendic acid is attributable to its DMSO structure and that the remaining components such as the atisane structure play an important role in eliciting neuroprotection at a concentration range of 10 to 100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Osakada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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