1
|
Ghuge S, Rahman Z, Bhale NA, Dikundwar AG, Dandekar MP. Multistrain probiotic rescinds quinpirole-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder phenotypes by reshaping of microbiota gut-brain axis in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 232:173652. [PMID: 37804865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling mental condition that poses recurring bothersome intrusive thoughts, obsessions, and compulsions. Considering the positive impact of probiotics on neuropsychiatric disorders, herein, we investigated the effect of multistrain probiotic (Bifidobacterium lactis UBBLa-70, Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58, Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40, Bifidobacterium infantis UBBI-01, Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01, and glutamine) in the management of OCD-like phenotype in rats. Rats injected with quinpirole for 5 weeks showed an increased number of marble burying and self-grooming episodes. Quinpirole-injected animals also did less head dipping in the hole board test and avoided exploration of open spaces in the elevated-plus maze. These repetitive, compulsive, self-directed, and anxiety-like phenotypes were abolished after 8-week of multistrain probiotic treatment. The probiotic formulation also prevented the elevated mRNA expression of interleukin-6, tumor-necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein in the amygdala and dysregulated levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the frontal cortex of quinpirole-injected rats. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the frontal cortex remained unaffected across the groups. The altered levels of goblet cells and crypt-to-villi ratio in quinpirole rats were prevented by multistrain probiotic treatment. The results of 16S-rRNA gene-sequencing of gut microbiota from feces contents revealed an elevation in the abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium species (specifically Bifidobacterium animalis), while the presence of Lactobacillus species (including Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus vaginalis) exhibited a decline in quinpirole-induced rats. These results imply that modifying the gut-brain axis may be a possible mechanism by which selective multistrain probiotic therapy prevents OCD-like behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Ghuge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nagesh A Bhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borges Dos Santos JR, Rae M, Teixeira SA, Muscará MN, Szumlinski KK, Camarini R. The effect of MK-801 on stress-ethanol cross-sensitization is dissociable from its effects on nNOS activity. Alcohol 2023; 112:31-39. [PMID: 37479092 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Locomotor behavioral sensitization represents an animal model for understanding neuroadaptive processes related to repeated drug exposure. Repeated stress can elicit a cross-sensitization to the stimulant response of ethanol, which involves neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Activation of N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors triggers nNOS and the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we investigated the effects of blocking NMDA receptors using the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on the cross-sensitization between restraint stress and ethanol. We also evaluated the nNOS activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Mice were pretreated with saline or MK-801 30 min before an injection of saline or stress exposure for 14 days. On the following day, they were challenged with either saline or 1.8 g/kg ethanol. Swiss male mice pretreated with 0.25 mg/kg MK-801 exhibited a sensitized response to ethanol. Moreover, MK-801 potentiated the cross-sensitization between stress and ethanol. However, MK-801 prevented the enhanced nNOS activity in stress-exposed groups (challenged with saline or ethanol) in the PFC; the antagonist also prevented the ethanol-induced increase in nNOS activity and reduced this enzyme activity in mice exposed to stress in the hippocampus. These data indicate that systemic treatment with the NMDA antagonist potentiated, rather than blocked, ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization and that this effect is dissociable from the capacity of NMDA antagonists to reduce ethanol/stress-induced NOS stimulation in the PFC and hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Rocha Borges Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Nicolás Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paulson OB, Schousboe A, Hultborn H. The history of Danish neuroscience. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2893-2960. [PMID: 37477973 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The history of Danish neuroscience starts with an account of impressive contributions made at the 17th century. Thomas Bartholin was the first Danish neuroscientist, and his disciple Nicolaus Steno became internationally one of the most prominent neuroscientists in this period. From the start, Danish neuroscience was linked to clinical disciplines. This continued in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries with new initiatives linking basic neuroscience to clinical neurology and psychiatry in the same scientific environment. Subsequently, from the middle of the 20th century, basic neuroscience was developing rapidly within the preclinical university sector. Clinical neuroscience continued and was even reinforced during this period with important translational research and a close co-operation between basic and clinical neuroscience. To distinguish 'history' from 'present time' is not easy, as many historical events continue in present time. Therefore, we decided to consider 'History' as new major scientific developments in Denmark, which were launched before the end of the 20th century. With this aim, scientists mentioned will have been born, with a few exceptions, no later than the early 1960s. However, we often refer to more recent publications in documenting the developments of initiatives launched before the end of the last century. In addition, several scientists have moved to Denmark after the beginning of the present century, and they certainly are contributing to the present status of Danish neuroscience-but, again, this is not the History of Danish neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Hultborn
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marcinkowska M, Mordyl B, Fajkis-Zajaczkowska N, Siwek A, Karcz T, Gawalska A, Bucki A, Żmudzki P, Partyka A, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Pomierny B, Walczak M, Smolik M, Pytka K, Mika K, Kotańska M, Kolaczkowski M. Hybrid molecules combining GABA-A and serotonin 5-HT 6 receptors activity designed to tackle neuroinflammation associated with depression. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115071. [PMID: 36603509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is clear evidence that the presence of inflammatory factors and impaired GABA-ergic neurotransmission in depressed patients is associated with poor clinical outcome. We designed hybrid molecules, bearing the GABA molecule assembled with chemical fragments that interact with the serotonin 5-HT6 receptor. Such a combination aimed to curb neuroinflammation, remodel GABA-ergic signaling, and provide antidepressant-like activity. The most promising hybrid 3B exerted nanomolar affinity for 5-HT6 receptors and exerted agonistic properties on GABA-A receptors. Developability studies conferred that 3B exerted favorable drug-like properties and optimal brain penetration. In in vivo studies, 3B exerted robust antidepressant-like activity and proved to be highly effective in reducing levels of oxidative stress markers and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. The inetersting pharmacological profile of 3B makes it a promising candidate for further development for depression associated with neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Marcinkowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Agata Siwek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Gawalska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Partyka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Pomierny
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Smolik
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Mika
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Kolaczkowski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland; Adamed Pharma S.A., Pienkow, 6A Mariana Adamkiewicza St., 05-152, Czosnów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Isatis tinctoria L. via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects Reduces Stress-Induced Behavioral and Cellular Disorders in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3567879. [PMID: 35795852 PMCID: PMC9252841 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3567879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress that can occur at different levels of a person’s life can cause and exacerbate various diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation underlie this process at the cellular level. There is an urgent need to identify new and more effective therapeutic targets for the treatment of stress-induced behavioral disorders and specific drugs that affect these targets. Isatis tinctoria L. is a herbaceous species in the Brassicaceae family. Due to its potential antioxidant, nitric oxide- (NO-) inhibiting, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, I. tinctoria could be used to treat depression, anxiety, and stress resistance. Hence, the present study is aimed at delineating whether administration of I. tinctoria leaf extract may improve stress-induced disorders in mice. A set of four behavioral tests was selected that together are suitable for phenotyping acute restraint stress-associated behaviors in mice, namely locomotor activity, social integration, dark/light box, and splash tests. The plasma and brains were collected. A brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, corticosterone, NO, reactive oxygen species levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power were measured. In mice stressed by immobilization, decreased locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and contact with other individuals were observed, as well as increased oxidative stress and increased levels of nitric oxide in the brain and plasma C-reactive protein. A single administration of I. tinctoria leaf extract was able to reverse the behavioral response to restraint by a mechanism partially dependent on the modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and NO reduction. In conclusion, Isatis tinctoria hydroalcoholic leaf extract can reduce stress-induced behavioral disturbances by regulating neurooxidative, neuronitrosative, and neuroimmune pathways. Therefore, it could be recommended for further research on clinical efficacy in depression and anxiety disorder treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
de Sousa Maciel I, Sales AJ, Casarotto PC, Castrén E, Biojone C, Joca SRL. Nitric Oxide Synthase inhibition counteracts the stress-induced DNA methyltransferase 3b expression in the hippocampus of rats. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:2421-2434. [PMID: 33170977 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that the activation of NMDA receptors (NMDAr) and nitric oxide (NO) production in the hippocampus is involved in the behavioral consequences of stress. Stress triggers NMDAr-induced calcium influx in limbic areas, such as the hippocampus, which in turn activates neuronal NO synthase (nNOS). Inhibition of nNOS or NMDAr activity can prevent stress-induced effects in animal models, but the molecular mechanisms behind this effect are still unclear. In this study, cultured hippocampal neurons treated with NMDA or dexamethasone showed an increased of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) mRNA expression, which was blocked by pre-treatment with nNOS inhibitor nω -propyl-l-arginine (NPA). In rats submitted to the Learned Helplessness paradigm (LH), we observed that inescapable stress increased DNMT3b mRNA expression at 1h and 24h in the hippocampus. The NOS inhibitors 7-NI and aminoguanidine (AMG) decreased the number of escape failures in LH and counteracted the changes in hippocampal DNMT3b mRNA induced in this behavioral paradigm. Altogether, our data suggest that NO produced in response to NMDAr activation following stress upregulates DNMT3b in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izaque de Sousa Maciel
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda J Sales
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto -SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that microglial activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. In fact, neuroinflammation is associated with a phenotypic change of microglia, consisting of morphological differences, increased release of cytokines and oxidative stress products, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. Antidepressants, including selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been shown to act on the immune and oxidative stress mechanisms commonly found to be disrupted in depression. Thus, the inhibition of microglial activation may be one of the mechanisms through which they exert an antidepressant action. AIM This is the first review summarising in vitro and ex vivo studies investigating the effects of different classes of antidepressants on microglia activation, by examining cellular changes and/or via measuring the production of immune and/or oxidative stress signalling molecules, in microglia models of neuroinflammation with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cytokines. A total of 23 studies were identified, 18 using LPS stimulation and 5 using cytokines stimulation. RESULTS Overall, the studies show that antidepressants, such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants prevented microglial activation, including reduced microglial reactivity and decreased immune and oxidative stress products, in both models. However, specific antidepressants, such as bupropion and agomelatine did not prevent interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced microglial activation; and for other antidepressants, including phenelzine, venlafaxine and sertraline, the results of different studies were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results summarised in this review support the hypothesis that the action of at least certain classes of antidepressants may involve regulation of microglial activation, especially when in presence of increased levels of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mariani
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Everson
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jansen van Vuren E, Steyn SF, Brink CB, Möller M, Viljoen FP, Harvey BH. The neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19: Interactions with psychiatric illness and pharmacological treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111200. [PMID: 33421734 PMCID: PMC7834135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) has had major global impact. The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and psychiatric diseases is of great concern, with an evident link between corona virus infections and various central and peripheral nervous system manifestations. Unmitigated neuro-inflammation has been noted to underlie not only the severe respiratory complications of the disease but is also present in a range of neuro-psychiatric illnesses. Several neurological and psychiatric disorders are characterized by immune-inflammatory states, while treatments for these disorders have distinct anti-inflammatory properties and effects. With inflammation being a common contributing factor in SARS-CoV-2, as well as psychiatric disorders, treatment of either condition may affect disease progression of the other or alter response to pharmacological treatment. In this review, we elucidate how viral infections could affect pre-existing psychiatric conditions and how pharmacological treatments of these conditions may affect overall progress and outcome in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. We address whether any treatment-induced benefits and potential adverse effects may ultimately affect the overall treatment approach, considering the underlying dysregulated neuro-inflammatory processes and potential drug interactions. Finally, we suggest adjunctive treatment options for SARS-CoV-2-associated neuro-psychiatric symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmé Jansen van Vuren
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Stephan F Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Christiaan B Brink
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marisa Möller
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Francois P Viljoen
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; South African MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pharmacological evaluation of NO/cGMP/KATP channels pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of carbamazepine in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 32:32-42. [PMID: 33290345 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant drug, has shown antidepressant effects in clinical and experimental models. Nitric oxide (NO) is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and has been involved in a variety of diseases including depression. In the present study, the involvement of NO/cyclic GMP/KATP channels pathway in the antidepressant action of carbamazepine was investigated in mice. The antidepressant-like activity was assessed in the forced swim test (FST) behavioral paradigm. Carbamazepine reduced (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) immobility period. The antidepressant-like effect of carbamazepine (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was prevented by pretreatment with L-arginine [substrate for NO synthase (NOS), 750 mg/kg, intraperitoneal], sildenafil (a PDE-5 inhibitor, 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and diazoxide (K+ channels opener, 10 mg/kg). Pretreatment of mice with L-NAME (a non-selective NOS inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), methylene blue (direct inhibitor of both NOS and soluble guanylate cyclase, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker, 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) produced potentiation of the action of a sub-effective dose of carbamazepine (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Also, carbamazepine (30 mg/kg) potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine through NO modulation. The various modulators used in the study did not produce any changes in locomotor activity per se. The results demonstrated that the antidepressant-like effect of carbamazepine in the FST involved an interaction with the NO/cGMP/KATP channels pathway.
Collapse
|
10
|
Szechtman H, Harvey BH, Woody EZ, Hoffman KL. The Psychopharmacology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Preclinical Roadmap. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:80-151. [PMID: 31826934 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review evaluates current knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with the goal of providing a roadmap for future directions in research on the psychopharmacology of the disorder. It first addresses issues in the description and diagnosis of OCD, including the structure, measurement, and appropriate description of the disorder and issues of differential diagnosis. Current pharmacotherapies for OCD are then reviewed, including monotherapy with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and augmentation with antipsychotic medication and with psychologic treatment. Neuromodulatory therapies for OCD are also described, including psychosurgery, deep brain stimulation, and noninvasive brain stimulation. Psychotherapies for OCD are then reviewed, focusing on behavior therapy, including exposure and response prevention and cognitive therapy, and the efficacy of these interventions is discussed, touching on issues such as the timing of sessions, the adjunctive role of pharmacotherapy, and the underlying mechanisms. Next, current research on the neurobiology of OCD is examined, including work probing the role of various neurotransmitters and other endogenous processes and etiology as clues to the neurobiological fault that may underlie OCD. A new perspective on preclinical research is advanced, using the Research Domain Criteria to propose an adaptationist viewpoint that regards OCD as the dysfunction of a normal motivational system. A systems-design approach introduces the security motivation system (SMS) theory of OCD as a framework for research. Finally, a new perspective on psychopharmacological research for OCD is advanced, exploring three approaches: boosting infrastructure facilities of the brain, facilitating psychotherapeutic relearning, and targeting specific pathways of the SMS network to fix deficient SMS shut-down processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A significant proportion of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not achieve remission with current treatments, indicating the need for innovations in psychopharmacology for the disorder. OCD may be conceptualized as the dysfunction of a normal, special motivation system that evolved to manage the prospect of potential danger. This perspective, together with a wide-ranging review of the literature, suggests novel directions for psychopharmacological research, including boosting support systems of the brain, facilitating relearning that occurs in psychotherapy, and targeting specific pathways in the brain that provide deficient stopping processes in OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Szechtman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (H.S.); SAMRC Unit on Risk Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa (B.H.H.); Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (E.Z.W.); and Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico (K.L.H.)
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (H.S.); SAMRC Unit on Risk Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa (B.H.H.); Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (E.Z.W.); and Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico (K.L.H.)
| | - Erik Z Woody
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (H.S.); SAMRC Unit on Risk Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa (B.H.H.); Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (E.Z.W.); and Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico (K.L.H.)
| | - Kurt Leroy Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (H.S.); SAMRC Unit on Risk Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa (B.H.H.); Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (E.Z.W.); and Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico (K.L.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghasemi M. Nitric oxide: Antidepressant mechanisms and inflammation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 86:121-152. [PMID: 31378250 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Millions of individuals worldwide suffers from mood disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD), which has a high rate of disease burden in society. Although targeting the biogenic amines including serotonin, and norepinephrine have provided invaluable links with the pharmacological treatment of MDD over the last four decades, a growing body of evidence suggest that other biologic systems could contribute to the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. In this chapter, we highlight the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby treatment of MDD. This has been investigated over the last four decades by showing that (i) levels of NO are altered in patients with major depression; (ii) modulators of NO signaling exert antidepressant effects in patients with MDD or in the animal studies; (iii) NO signaling could be targeted by a variety of antidepressants in animal models of depression; and (iv) NO signaling can potentially modulate the inflammatory pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of MDD. These findings, which hypothesize an NO involvement in MDD, can provide a new insight into novel therapeutic approaches for patients with MDD in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts and General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ashton MM, Dean OM, Walker AJ, Bortolasci CC, Ng CH, Hopwood M, Harvey BH, Möller M, McGrath JJ, Marx W, Turner A, Dodd S, Scott JG, Khoo JP, Walder K, Sarris J, Berk M. The Therapeutic Potential of Mangosteen Pericarp as an Adjunctive Therapy for Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:115. [PMID: 30918489 PMCID: PMC6424889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatments are urgently needed for serious mental illnesses including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This review proposes that Garcinia mangostana Linn. (mangosteen) pericarp is a possible adjunctive therapeutic agent for these disorders. Research to date demonstrates that neurobiological properties of the mangosteen pericarp are well aligned with the current understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mangosteen pericarp has antioxidant, putative neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and putative mitochondrial enhancing properties, with animal studies demonstrating favorable pharmacotherapeutic benefits with respect to these disorders. This review summarizes evidence of its properties and supports the case for future studies to assess the utility of mangosteen pericarp as an adjunctive treatment option for mood and psychotic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M. Ashton
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia M. Dean
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam J. Walker
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiara C. Bortolasci
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Malcolm Hopwood
- Professorial Psychiatry Unit, Albert Road Clinic, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian H. Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marisa Möller
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - John J. McGrath
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyna Turner
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James G. Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jon-Paul Khoo
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nitric oxide signalling and antidepressant action revisited. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:45-58. [PMID: 30649612 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-02987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies about the pathogenesis of mood disorders have consistently shown that multiple factors, including genetic and environmental, play a crucial role on their development and neurobiology. Multiple pathological theories have been proposed, of which several ultimately affects or is a consequence of dysfunction in brain neuroplasticity and homeostatic mechanisms. However, current clinical available pharmacological intervention, which is predominantly monoamine-based, suffers from a partial and lacking response even after weeks of continuous treatment. These issues raise the need for better understanding of aetiologies and brain abnormalities in depression, as well as developing novel treatment strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous unconventional neurotransmitter, which regulates and governs several important physiological functions in the central nervous system, including processes, which can be associated with the development of mood disorders. This review will present general aspects of the NO system in depression, highlighting potential targets that may be utilized and further explored as novel therapeutic targets in the future pharmacotherapy of depression. In particular, the review will link the importance of neuroplasticity mechanisms governed by NO to a possible molecular basis for the antidepressant effects.
Collapse
|
14
|
Delport A, Harvey BH, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Methylene Blue Analogues with Marginal Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition Retain Antidepressant-like Activity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2917-2928. [PMID: 29976053 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) possesses diverse medical applications. Among these, MB presents with antidepressant-like effects in animals and has shown promise in clinical trials for the treatment of mood disorders. As an antidepressant, MB may act via various mechanisms which include modulation of the nitric oxide cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) cascade, enhancement of mitochondrial respiration and antioxidant effects. MB is also, however, a high potency inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A, which most likely contributes to its antidepressant effect, but also to its adverse effects profile (e.g., serotonin toxicity). The latter has raised the question whether it is possible to design out the MAO inhibition properties of MB yet retaining its clinically useful attributes. This study explores this idea further by characterizing five newly synthesized low MAO-A active MB analogues and examining their antidepressant-like properties in the acute forced swim test (FST) in rats, with comparison to imipramine and MB. The results show that all five analogues exhibit antidepressant-like properties in the FST without confounding effects on locomotor activity. The magnitude of these effects is comparable to those of imipramine and MB. Moreover, these newly synthesized MB analogues are markedly less potent MAO-A inhibitors (IC50 = 0.518-4.73 μM) than MB (IC50 = 0.07 μM). We postulate that such lower potency MAO-A inhibitors may present with a reduced risk of adverse effects associated with MAO-A inhibition. While low level MAO-A inhibition still may produce an antidepressant effect, we posit that other MB-related mechanisms may underlie their antidepressant effects, thereby representing a novel group of antidepressant compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anzelle Delport
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Brian H. Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou QG, Zhu XH, Nemes AD, Zhu DY. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and affective disorders. IBRO Rep 2018; 5:116-132. [PMID: 30591953 PMCID: PMC6303682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD), and general anxiety affect more than 10% of population in the world. Notably, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), a downstream signal molecule of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) activation, is abundant in many regions of the brain such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), locus coeruleus (LC), and hypothalamus, which are closely associated with the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Decreased levels of the neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin (5-HT), noradrenalin (NA), and dopamine (DA) as well as hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are common pathological changes of MDD, BPD, and anxiety. Increasing data suggests that nNOS in the hippocampus play a crucial role in the etiology of MDD whereas nNOS-related dysregulation of the nitrergic system in the LC is closely associated with the pathogenesis of BPD. Moreover, hippocampal nNOS is implicated in the role of serotonin receptor 1 A (5-HTR1 A) in modulating anxiety behaviors. Augment of nNOS and its carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand (CAPON) complex mediate stress-induced anxiety and disrupting the nNOS-CAPON interaction by small molecular drug generates anxiolytic effect. To date, however, the function of nNOS in affective disorders is not well reviewed. Here, we summarize works about nNOS and its signal mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. On the basis of this review, it is suggested that future research should more fully focus on the role of nNOS in the pathomechanism and treatment of affective disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xian-Hui Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Ashley D Nemes
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ghasemi M, Claunch J, Niu K. Pathologic role of nitrergic neurotransmission in mood disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 173:54-87. [PMID: 29890213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders are chronic, recurrent mental diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. Although over the past 40 years the biogenic amine models have provided meaningful links with the clinical phenomena of, and the pharmacological treatments currently employed in, mood disorders, there is still a need to examine the contribution of other systems to the neurobiology and treatment of mood disorders. This article reviews the current literature describing the potential role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the pathophysiology and thereby the treatment of mood disorders. The hypothesis has arisen from several observations including (i) altered NO levels in patients with mood disorders; (ii) antidepressant effects of NO signaling blockers in both clinical and pre-clinical studies; (iii) interaction between conventional antidepressants/mood stabilizers and NO signaling modulators in several biochemical and behavioral studies; (iv) biochemical and physiological evidence of interaction between monoaminergic (serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine) system and NO signaling; (v) interaction between neurotrophic factors and NO signaling in mood regulation and neuroprotection; and finally (vi) a crucial role for NO signaling in the inflammatory processes involved in pathophysiology of mood disorders. These accumulating lines of evidence have provided a new insight into novel approaches for the treatment of mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Joshua Claunch
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kathy Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Repeated treatment with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor attenuates learned helplessness development in rats and increases hippocampal BDNF expression. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2018; 30:127-136. [PMID: 29151391 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors induce antidepressant-like effects in animal models sensitive to acute drug treatment such as the forced swimming test. However, it is not yet clear if repeated treatment with these drugs is required to induce antidepressant-like effects in preclinical models. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the effect induced by acute or repeated (7 days) treatment with 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a preferential inhibitor of neuronal NOS, in rats submitted to the learned helplessness (LH) model. In addition, we aimed at investigating if 7-NI treatment would increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in the hippocampus, similarly to the effect of prototype antidepressants. METHODS Animals were submitted to a pre-test (PT) session with inescapable footshocks or habituation (no shocks) to the experimental shuttle box. Six days later they were exposed to a test with escapable footshocks. Independent groups received acute (a single injection after PT or before test) or repeated (once a day for 7 days) treatment with vehicle or 7-NI (30 mg/kg). RESULTS Repeated, but not acute, treatment with 7-NI attenuated LH development. The effect was similar to repeated imipramine treatment. Moreover, in an independent experimental group, only repeated treatment with 7-NI and imipramine increased BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION The results suggest the nitrergic system could be a target for the treatment of depressive-like conditions. They also indicate that, similar to the positive control imipramine, the antidepressant-like effects of NOS inhibition could involve an increase in hippocampal BDNF levels.
Collapse
|
18
|
Delport A, Harvey BH, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Methylene blue and its analogues as antidepressant compounds. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1357-1382. [PMID: 28762173 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylene Blue (MB) is considered to have diverse medical applications and is a well-described treatment for methemoglobinemias and ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy. In recent years the focus has shifted to MB as an antimalarial agent and as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Of interest are reports that MB possesses antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in pre-clinical models and has shown promise in clinical trials for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. MB is a noteworthy inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), which is a well-established target for antidepressant action. MB is also recognized as a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and guanylate cyclase. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cascade is strongly linked to the neurobiology of mood, anxiety and psychosis, while the inhibition of NOS and/or guanylate cyclase has been associated with an antidepressant response. This action of MB may contribute significantly to its psychotropic activity. However, these disorders are also characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance. By acting as an alternative electron acceptor/donor MB restores mitochondrial function, improves neuronal energy production and inhibits the formation of superoxide, effects that also may contribute to its therapeutic activity. Using MB in depression co-morbid with neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, also represents a particularly relevant strategy. By considering their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, analogues of MB may provide therapeutic potential as novel multi-target strategies in the treatment of depression. In addition, low MAO-A active analogues may provide equal or improved response with a lower risk of adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anzelle Delport
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
da Silva Leal VM, Bonassoli VT, Soares LM, Milani H, de Oliveira RMW. Depletion of 5 hydroxy-triptamine (5-HT) affects the antidepressant-like effect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in mice. Neurosci Lett 2017; 656:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Maia LMSDS, Amancio-Dos-Santos A, Germano PCPDS, Falcão ACSM, Duda-de-Oliveira D, Guedes RCA. Do the accelerating actions of tianeptine and l-arginine on cortical spreading depression interact? An electrophysiological analysis in young and adult rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 650:134-138. [PMID: 28450192 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the rat, we previously demonstrated that serotonin-enhancing drugs impair cortical spreading depression (CSD) and that l-arginine (arginine) treatment enhances CSD. Here, we investigated the interaction between topical application of the serotonin uptake enhancer tianeptine and systemic arginine administration on CSD. From postnatal day 7-28, female Wistar rats (n=40) received by gavage 300mg/Kg/day arginine (n=20) or water (n=20). Half of the arginine- or water-treated rats underwent CSD recording at 30-40days of age (young), while the other half was recorded at 90-120days (adult). Following baseline recording (four episodes of CSD), we applied tianeptine solution (10mg/ml) to a rectangular portion of the intact dura mater for 10-min and then elicited CSD. This procedure was repeated three times. Compared to baseline values, CSD velocities and amplitudes following tianeptine application increased, and CSD duration decreased significantly (p<0.05) in both young and adult rats, regardless of treatment group. CSD acceleration caused by systemic treatment with arginine is in agreement with previous findings. Topical cortical application of tianeptine replicated the effect of systemic application, suggesting a cortically based mechanism for tianeptine's action. However, the absence of interaction between arginine and tianeptine treatments suggests that they probably act through separate mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Amancio-Dos-Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, UFPE, 50740-600, Recife PE, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park DI, Dournes C, Sillaber I, Ising M, Asara JM, Webhofer C, Filiou MD, Müller MB, Turck CW. Delineation of molecular pathway activities of the chronic antidepressant treatment response suggests important roles for glutamatergic and ubiquitin-proteasome systems. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1078. [PMID: 28375208 PMCID: PMC5416684 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify molecular pathways related to antidepressant response. We administered paroxetine to the DBA/2J mice for 28 days. Following the treatment, the mice were grouped into responders or non-responders depending on the time they spent immobile in the forced swim test. Hippocampal metabolomics and proteomics analyses revealed that chronic paroxetine treatment affects glutamate-related metabolite and protein levels differentially in the two groups. We found significant differences in the expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase proteins between the two groups, without any significant alterations in the respective transcript levels. In addition, we found that chronic paroxetine treatment altered the levels of proteins associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The soluble guanylate cyclase-β1, proteasome subunit α type-2 and ubiquitination levels were also affected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from antidepressant responder and non-responder patients suffering from major depressive disorder. We submit that the glutamatergic system and UPS have a crucial role in the antidepressant treatment response in both mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Park
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - C Dournes
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - M Ising
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - J M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Webhofer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M D Filiou
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M B Müller
- Division of Experimental Psychiatry, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany,Division of Experimental Psychiatry, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany or , Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany. E-mail: or
| | - C W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,Division of Experimental Psychiatry, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany or , Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany. E-mail: or
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Demir S, Bulut M, Atli A, Kaplan İ, Kaya MC, Bez Y, Özdemir PG, Sır A. Decreased Prolidase Activity in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:420-6. [PMID: 27482243 PMCID: PMC4965652 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.4.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many neurochemical systems have been implicated in the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The prolidase enzyme is a cytosolic exopeptidase that detaches proline or hydroxyproline from the carboxyl terminal position of dipeptides. Prolidase has important biological effects, and to date, its role in the etiology of PTSD has not been studied. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate prolidase activity in patients with PTSD. METHODS The study group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with PTSD after the earthquake that occurred in the province of Van in Turkey in 2011 (n=25); the first control group consisted of patients who experienced the earthquake but did not show PTSD symptoms (n=26) and the second control group consisted of patients who have never been exposed to a traumatic event (n=25). Prolidase activities in the patients and the control groups were determined by the ELISA method using commercial kits. RESULTS Prolidase activity in the patient group was significantly lower when compared to the control groups. Prolidase activity was also significantly lower in the traumatized healthy subjects compared to the other healthy group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that the decrease in prolidase activity may have neuroprotective effects in patients with PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Demir
- Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Bulut
- Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Atli
- Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | | | - Yasin Bez
- Department of Psychiatry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Aytekin Sır
- Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yilmaz ED, Üstündağ MF, Gençer AG, Kivrak Y, Ünal Ö, Bilici M. Levels of nitric oxide, asymmetric dimethyl arginine, symmetric dimethyl arginine,and L-arginine in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:775-82. [PMID: 27513255 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1503-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We aimed to investigate and compare to healthy controls the variations in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA), and L-arginine levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 30 patients with OCD and 30 healthy controls in the study consecutively. Diagnostic interviews of all participants were conducted with the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), and sociodemographic data of the participants were recorded. Patients scoring 10 points or more on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale were enrolled in the study. RESULTS The NO levels of patients with OCD were increased compared to the control group, but the increase was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, patients with OCD had significantly lower levels of ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine compared with the controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found a significant decrease in ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine as NO inhibitors between the groups, possibly because of an increase in NO. However, the insignificant increase in NO suggests that ADMA, SDMA, and L-arginine play direct and potentially important roles in OCD biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Görkem Gençer
- Department of Psychiatry, Başakşehir State Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Kivrak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Özge Ünal
- Education, Health Care and Counseling, PersonaLogia Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bilici
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Gelişim University, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ostadhadi S, Khan MI, Norouzi-Javidan A, Chamanara M, Jazaeri F, Zolfaghari S, Dehpour AR. Involvement of NMDA receptors and L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in the antidepressant-like effects of topiramate in mice forced swimming test. Brain Res Bull 2016; 122:62-70. [PMID: 26988103 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Topiramate (TPM) is an agent primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy. Using mice model of forced swimming test (FST) the current study was basically aimed to investigate the influence of TPM on depression by inhibiting NMDA receptor and nitric oxide-cGMP production. When TPM was administered in a dose of 20 and 30 mg/kg by i.p. route it reduced the immobility time during FST. However this effect of TPM (30 mg/kg, i.p.) in the FST was abolished when the mice were pretreated either with NMDA (75 mg/kg, i.p.), or l-arginine (750 mg/kg, i.p. NO precursor), or sildenafil (5mg/kg, i.p. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor). The immobility time in the FST was reduced after administration of L-NAME (10mg/kg, i.p, a non-specific NOS inhibitor), 7-nitoinidazol (30 mg/kg, i.p. a nNOS inhibitor) or MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p, a NMDA receptor antagonist) in combination with a subeffective dose of TPM (10mg/kg, i.p.) as compared with single use of either drug. Co-administrated of lower doses of MK-801 (0.01 mg/kg) or L-NAME (1mg/kg) failed to effect immobility time. However, simultaneous administration of these two agents in the same doses with subeffective dose of TPM (10mg/kg, i.p.), reduced the immobility time during FST. None of these drugs were found to have a profound effect on the locomotor activity per se during the open field test. Taken together, our data demonstrates that TPM exhibit antidepressant-like effect which is accomplished either due to inhibition of NMDA receptors or NO-cGMP production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Ostadhadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Norouzi-Javidan
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Jazaeri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Zolfaghari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Slyepchenko A, Maes M, Köhler CA, Anderson G, Quevedo J, Alves GS, Berk M, Fernandes BS, Carvalho AF. T helper 17 cells may drive neuroprogression in major depressive disorder: Proposal of an integrative model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:83-100. [PMID: 26898639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The exact pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains elusive. The monoamine theory, which hypothesizes that MDD emerges as a result of dysfunctional serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways, has guided the therapy of this illness for several decades. More recently, the involvement of activated immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways and of decreased levels of neurotrophic factors has provided emerging insights regarding the pathophysiology of MDD, leading to integrated theories emphasizing the complex interplay of these mechanisms that could lead to neuroprogression. In this review, we propose an integrative model suggesting that T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of MDD through (i) microglial activation, (ii) interactions with oxidative and nitrosative stress, (iii) increases of autoantibody production and the propensity for autoimmunity, (iv) disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and (v) dysregulation of the gut mucosa and microbiota. The clinical and research implications of this model are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Slyepchenko
- Womens Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, MiNDS Program, McMaster University; Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Cristiano A Köhler
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - João Quevedo
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gilberto S Alves
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tan YF, Liao ZL, Qiu YJ, Zhu JP, Yu EY. Possible involvement of L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of Wuling mycelia powder in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:60-65. [PMID: 26898425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Wuling mycelia powder is the dry powder of rare a fungi Xyla ria sp., Carbon species, with a long history of medicinal use in Chinese medicine. Recently it has shown a powerful antidepressant activity in clinic. OBJECTIVE The present study explores the antidepressant activity of Wuling mycelia powder in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats and its possible involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were performed in the rat CUMS model. CUMS rats were treated with Wuling mycelia powder (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg, i.g.) to test behavioral changes including the sucrose preference, the crossing number and food consumption. Further, L-arginine (substrate for nitric oxide) (750 mg/kg), 7-nitroindazole (a specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) (25 mg/kg), sildenafil (phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor) (5 mg/kg) and methylene blue (direct inhibitor of both nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase) (10 mg/kg) were treated for 60 min before each test to detect the possible mechanism of antidepressant-like effect of Wuling mycelia powder. RESULTS After 4 weeks of administration, both 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg Wuling mycelia powder suppressed the behavioral changes including the sucrose preference [F(3, 31)=50.87, p<0.001], the crossing number [F(3, 31)=68.98, p<0.05], and food consumption [F(3, 31)=19.04, p<0.05] in the CUMS rats. The antidepressant-like effect of Wuling mycelia powder was prevented by pretreatment with l-arginine and sildenafil. Pretreatment of rats with 7-nitroindazole and methylene blue potentiated the effect of Wulin mycelia powder. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that Wuling mycelia powder has an antidepressant-like effect in the CUMS rats, and possible involvement of L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic GMP signaling pathway in its antidepressant effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zheng-Luan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ya-Ju Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jun-Peng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - En-Yan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gawali NB, Chowdhury AA, Kothavade PS, Bulani VD, Nagmoti DM, Juvekar AR. Involvement of nitric oxide in anticompulsive-like effect of agmatine on marble-burying behaviour in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 770:165-71. [PMID: 26593708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In view of the reports that nitric oxide modulates the neurotransmitters implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), patients with OCD exhibit higher plasma nitrate levels, and drugs useful in OCD influence nitric oxide. Agmatine is a polyamine and widely distributed in mammalian brain which interacts with nitrergic systems. Hence, the present study was carried out to understand the involvement of nitrergic systems in the anticompulsive-like effect of agmatine. We used marble-burying behaviour (MBB) of mice as the animal model of OCD, and nitric oxide levels in hippocampus (HC) and cortex homogenate were measured. Results revealed that, agmatine (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p) significantly inhibited the MBB. Intraperitoneal administration of nitric oxide enhancers viz. nitric oxide precursor - l-arginine (l-ARG) (400mg/kg and 800mg/kg) increased MBB as well as brain nitrites levels, whereas treatment with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (30mg/kg and 50mg/kg, i.p.) and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (20mg/kg and 40mg/kg) attenuated MBB and nitrites levels in brain. Further, in combination studies, the anticompulsive-like effect of agmatine (20mg/kg, ip) was exacerbated by prior administration of l-ARG (400mg/kg) and conversely l-NAME (15mg/kg) or 7-NI (10.0mg/kg) attenuated OCD-like behaviour with HC and cortex changes in the levels of NO. None of the above treatment had any significant influence on locomotor activity. In conclusion, Agmatine is effective in ameliorating the compulsive-like behaviour in mice which appears to be related to nitric oxide in brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin B Gawali
- Pharmacology Research Lab 1, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Amrita A Chowdhury
- Pharmacology Research Lab 1, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Pankaj S Kothavade
- Pharmacology Research Lab 1, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vipin D Bulani
- Pharmacology Research Lab 1, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar M Nagmoti
- Pharmacology Research Lab 1, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Archana R Juvekar
- Pharmacology Research Lab 1, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Antidepressant-like effect of quercetin in bulbectomized mice and involvement of the antioxidant defenses, and the glutamatergic and oxidonitrergic pathways. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
29
|
Mokoena ML, Harvey BH, Viljoen F, Ellis SM, Brink CB. Ozone exposure of Flinders Sensitive Line rats is a rodent translational model of neurobiological oxidative stress with relevance for depression and antidepressant response. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2921-38. [PMID: 25877744 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Major depression has been associated with higher levels of air pollution that in turn leads to neurodegeneration via increased oxidative stress. There is a need for suitable translational animal models to study the role of oxidative stress in depression and antidepressant action. OBJECTIVE Considering the gene X environment hypothesis of depression, the present study investigated the effect of chronic ozone inhalation on depression and anxiety-related behavior, cognition, and brain markers of oxidative stress in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat. In addition, response to the antioxidant melatonin, and the antidepressants desipramine or escitalopram, was assessed. METHODS Rats were exposed to ozone (0.0 or 0.3 parts per million (ppm)) per inhalation for 4 h daily for a period of 15 days, while simultaneously receiving saline or the above-mentioned drugs. RESULTS The data indicate that chronic ozone inhalation induced memory impairment, anxiety and depression-like effects, reduced cortical and hippocampal superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and compromised central monoamine levels similar to that noted in depression. Moreover, the behavioral and neurochemical effects of melatonin, desipramine, and escitalopram were mostly attenuated in the presence of ozone. CONCLUSION Thus, genetically susceptible individuals exposed to high levels of oxidative stress are at higher risk of developing mood and/or an anxiety disorders, showing greater redox imbalance and altered behavior. These animals are also more resistant to contemporary antidepressant treatment. The presented model provides robust face, construct, and predictive validity, suitable for studying neuronal oxidative stress in depression, antidepressant action and mechanisms to prevent neuronal oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mmalebuso L Mokoena
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cavalla D, Chianelli F, Korsak A, Hosford PS, Gourine AV, Marina N. Tianeptine prevents respiratory depression without affecting analgesic effect of opiates in conscious rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:268-72. [PMID: 26068549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory depression remains an important clinical problem that limits the use of opiate analgesia. Activation of AMPA glutamate receptors has been shown to reverse fentanyl-induced respiratory changes. Here, we explored whether tianeptine, a drug known for its ability to phosphorylate AMPA receptors, can be used to prevent opiate-induced respiratory depression. A model of respiratory depression in conscious rats was produced by administration of morphine (10mg/kg, i.p.). Rats were pre-treated with test compounds or control solutions 5min prior to administration of morphine. Respiratory activity was measured using whole-body plethysmography. In conscious animals, tianeptine (2 and 10mg/kg, ip) and DP-201 (2-(4-((3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2] thiazepin-11-yl)amino)butoxy)acetic acid; tianeptine analogue; 2mg/kg, ip) triggered significant (~30%) increases in baseline respiratory activity and prevented morphine-induced respiratory depression. These effects were similar to those produced by an ampakine CX-546 (15mg/kg, ip). The antinociceptive effect of morphine (hot plate test) was unaffected by tianeptine pre-treatment. In conclusion, the results of the experiments conducted in conscious rats demonstrate that systemic administration of tianeptine increases respiratory output and prevents morphine-induced respiratory depression without interfering with the antinociceptive effect of opiates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Cavalla
- Numedicus Limited, Cambridge CB1 2DX, United Kingdom; Revive Therapeutics Ltd., 5 Director Court, Suite 105, Vaughan, Ontario L4L 4S5, Canada.
| | - Fabio Chianelli
- Revive Therapeutics Ltd., 5 Director Court, Suite 105, Vaughan, Ontario L4L 4S5, Canada.
| | - Alla Korsak
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Patrick S Hosford
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Nephtali Marina
- UCL Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nitric oxide involvement in the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in the Flinders sensitive line rat model of depression. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:90-6. [PMID: 25491110 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether the nitric oxide (NO) precursor, L-arginine, can prevent the antidepressant-like action of the fast-acting antidepressant, ketamine, in a genetic rat model of depression, and/or induce changes in the glutamate (Glu)/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)/NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling pathway. Hereby it was evaluated whether the NO signalling system is involved in the antidepressant mechanism of ketamine. METHODS Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats received single i.p. injections of ketamine (15 mg/kg) with/without pre-treatment (30 min prior) with L-arginine (500 mg/kg). Depression-like behaviour was assessed in the forced swim test (FST) in terms of immobility, and the activation state of the Glu/NMDAR/NO/cGMP pathway was evaluated ex vivo in the frontal cortex and hippocampus regions in terms of total constitutive NOS (cNOS) activity and cGMP concentration. RESULTS L-Arginine pre-treatment prevented the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in the FST, as well as a ketamine-induced increase in cGMP levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of FSL rats. Ketamine reduced cNOS activity only in the hippocampus, and this effect was not reversed by L-arginine. CONCLUSION Both the behavioural and molecular results from this study indicate an involvement for the NO signalling pathway in the antidepressant action of ketamine. Although not easily interpretable, these findings broaden our knowledge of effects of ketamine on the NO system.
Collapse
|
32
|
Brand SJ, Moller M, Harvey BH. A Review of Biomarkers in Mood and Psychotic Disorders: A Dissection of Clinical vs. Preclinical Correlates. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:324-68. [PMID: 26411964 PMCID: PMC4812797 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150307004545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant research efforts aimed at understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of mood (depression, bipolar disorder) and psychotic disorders, the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of these disorders are still based solely on relatively subjective assessment of symptoms as well as psychometric evaluations. Therefore, biological markers aimed at improving the current classification of psychotic and mood-related disorders, and that will enable patients to be stratified on a biological basis into more homogeneous clinically distinct subgroups, are urgently needed. The attainment of this goal can be facilitated by identifying biomarkers that accurately reflect pathophysiologic processes in these disorders. This review postulates that the field of psychotic and mood disorder research has advanced sufficiently to develop biochemical hypotheses of the etiopathology of the particular illness and to target the same for more effective disease modifying therapy. This implies that a "one-size fits all" paradigm in the treatment of psychotic and mood disorders is not a viable approach, but that a customized regime based on individual biological abnormalities would pave the way forward to more effective treatment. In reviewing the clinical and preclinical literature, this paper discusses the most highly regarded pathophysiologic processes in mood and psychotic disorders, thereby providing a scaffold for the selection of suitable biomarkers for future studies in this field, to develope biomarker panels, as well as to improve diagnosis and to customize treatment regimens for better therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian H Harvey
- Division of Pharmacology and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Harvey BH, Slabbert FN. New insights on the antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014; 29:503-16. [PMID: 25111000 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antidepressants are at best 50–55% effective. Non-compliance and the antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS) are causally related yet poorly appreciated. While ADS is associated with most antidepressants, agomelatine seems to be devoid of such risk. We review the neurobiology and clinical consequences of antidepressant non-compliance and the ADS. Agomelatine is presented as a counterpoint to learn more on how ADS risk is determined by pharmacokinetics and pharmacology. DESIGN The relevant literature is reviewed through a MEDLINE search via PubMed, focusing on agomelatine and clinical and preclinical research on ADS. RESULTS Altered serotonergic dysfunction appears central to ADS so that how an antidepressant targets serotonin will determine its relative risk for inducing ADS and thereby affect later treatment outcome. Low ADS risk with agomelatine versus other antidepressants can be ascribed to its unique pharmacokinetic characteristics as well as its distinctive actions on serotonin, including melatonergic, monoaminergic and glutamatergic-nitrergic systems. CONCLUSIONS This review raises awareness of the long-term negative aspects of non-compliance and inappropriate antidepressant discontinuation, and suggests possible approaches to “design-out” a risk for ADS. It reveals intuitive and rational ideas for antidepressant drug design, and provides new thoughts on antidepressant pharmacology, ADS risk and how these affect long-term outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy, North-West University; Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Francois N. Slabbert
- Medicines Usage Group (MUSA), School of Pharmacy; North-West University; Potchefstroom South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Delport A, Harvey BH, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Azure B and a synthetic structural analogue of methylene blue, ethylthioninium chloride, present with antidepressant-like properties. Life Sci 2014; 117:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Effect of acute and chronic tianeptine on the action of classical antiepileptics in the mouse maximal electroshock model. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:379-88. [PMID: 23744422 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of acute and chronic treatment with tianeptine, an antidepressant selectively accelerating presynaptic serotonin reuptake, on the protective activity of classical antiepileptic drugs in the maximal electroshock test in mice. METHODS Electroconvulsions were produced by means of an alternating current (50 Hz, 25 mA, 0.2 s) delivered via ear-clip electrodes. Motor impairment and long-term memory deficits in animals were quantified in the chimney test and in the passive-avoidance task, respectively. Brain concentrations of antiepileptic drugs were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. RESULTS Acute and chronic treatment with tianeptine (25-50 mg/kg) did not affect the electroconvulsive threshold. Furthermore, tianeptine applied in both acute and chronic protocols enhanced the anticonvulsant action of valproate and carbamazepine, but not that of phenytoin. Neither acute nor chronic tianeptine changed the brain concentrations of valproate, carbamazepine or phenytoin. On the other hand, both single and chronic administration of tianeptine diminished the brain concentration of phenobarbital. In spite of this pharmacokinetic interaction, the antidepressant enhanced the antielectroshock action of phenobarbital. In terms of adverse effects, acute/chronic tianeptine (50 mg/kg) and its combinations with classic antiepileptic drugs did not impair motor performance or long-term memory in mice. CONCLUSION The obtained results justify the conclusion that tianeptine may be beneficial in the treatment of depressive disorders in the course of epilepsy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kirecci SL, Simsek A, Yuksel A, Gurdal H, Gurbuz ZG, Usanmaz S. Relevance of seminal plasma nitric oxide levels and the efficacy of SSRI treatment on lifelong premature ejaculation. Andrologia 2013; 46:1169-75. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Kirecci
- Department of Urology; Sisli Etfal Research and Training Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Simsek
- Department of Urology; Haseki Research and Training Hospital; Fatih Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Yuksel
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Urology; Baskent University; Ankara Turkey
| | - H. Gurdal
- Department of Pharmacology; Ankara University Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Z. G. Gurbuz
- Department of Urology; Haseki Research and Training Hospital; Fatih Istanbul Turkey
| | - S. Usanmaz
- Department of Pharmacology; Ankara University Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Socała K, Nieoczym D, Wyska E, Poleszak E, Wlaź P. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, reduces antidepressant-like activity of paroxetine in the forced swim test in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 64:1259-66. [PMID: 23238482 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has recently been reported to influence the antidepressant activity of some antidepressant drugs. The present study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate/PDE5 (NO/cGMP/PDE5) signaling pathway in the antidepressant activity of paroxetine and to assess the interaction between paroxetine and sildenafil, in the forced swim test in mice. METHODS Swim trials were conducted by placing mice in glass cylinders filled with water for 6 min. Total behavioral immobility was measured during the last 4 min of the test. Changes in locomotor activity were measured with photoresistor actimeters. Serum and brain paroxetine concentrations were assayed by the HPLC method. RESULTS Paroxetine at a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly decreased immobility time in the forced swim test, while sildenafil (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner reduced the antidepressant activity of paroxetine. Pharmacokinetic studies did not show any significant changes in paroxetine concentration in serum and brain tissue as compared to paroxetine treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that paroxetine may exert its antidepressant action by decreasing cGMP levels and sildenafil, as a drug which has the opposite effect on the processes mediated via the NO/cGMP/PDE5 signaling pathway, may decrease the efficacy of paroxetine. However, the co-administration of paroxetine with sildenafil resulted in a potent reduction (80%) of locomotor activity, which suggests that the reversal of antidepressant action of paroxetine may have been a result of locomotor deficits. Further studies are required to explain the mechanism underlying this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Influence of sildenafil on the antidepressant activity of bupropion and venlafaxine in the forced swim test in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:273-8. [PMID: 22940586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the involvement of the nitrergic system in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Sildenafil, a selective PDE5 inhibitor, was shown to abolish the anti-immobility effects of bupropion, venlafaxine and s-citalopram in mice. In this study we assessed the effects of sildenafil on the activity of bupropion and venlafaxine in the forced swim test in mice. Swim trials were conducted by placing mice in glass cylinders filled with water for 6min and the duration of the behavioral immobility during the last 4min of the test was evaluated. Locomotor activity was evaluated with photoresistor actimeters. Brain and serum concentrations of the studied antidepressants were determined by HPLC method. Sildenafil at a dose of 20mg/kg, but not 5 and 10mg/kg, significantly increased the anti-immobility action of bupropion (20mg/kg). The antidepressant activity of venlafaxine (2mg/kg) was potentiated by joint administration with sildenafil at doses of 10 and 20mg/kg. Since the combined treatments did not increase the locomotor activity, the antidepressant-like effects were not related to non-specific behavioral activation. Data from pharmacokinetic studies revealed that sildenafil increased bupropion and venlafaxine levels in serum without affecting their concentrations in the brain. The present study demonstrates the enhancement of anti-immobility action of bupropion and venlafaxine by sildenafil co-administration. The observed changes might have been partly due to pharmacokinetic interactions. However, mechanisms underlying the effects of sildenafil on the antidepressant activity of bupropion and venlafaxine should be carefully evaluated in further studies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Brand L, van Zyl J, Minnaar EL, Viljoen F, du Preez JL, Wegener G, Harvey BH. Corticolimbic changes in acetylcholine and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat: a genetic model of depression. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2012; 24:215-25. [PMID: 25286814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Depression is suggested to involve disturbances in cholinergic as well as glutamatergic pathways, particularly the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated release of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The aim of this study was to determine whether the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat, a genetic model of depression, presents with corticolimbic changes in basal acetylcholine (ACh) levels and NO/cGMP signalling.Methods: Basal levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and both basal and l-arginine-stimulated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) formation of l-citrulline were analysed in hippocampus and frontal cortex in FSL and control Flinders resistant line (FRL) rats by fluorometric and electrochemical high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. In addition, ACh and cGMP levels were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and radioimmunoassay, respectively.Results: Significantly elevated frontal cortical but reduced hippocampal ACh levels were observed in FSL versus FRL rats. Basal cGMP levels were significantly reduced in the frontal cortex, but not hippocampus, of FSL rats without changes in NOx and l-citrulline, suggesting that the reduction of cGMP follows through an NOS-independent mechanism.Conclusions: These data confirm a bidirectional change in ACh in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the FSL rat, as well as provide evidence for a frontal cortical ACh-cGMP interaction in the depressive-like behaviour of the FSL rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Brand
- Division of Pharmacology, Unit for Drug Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jurgens van Zyl
- Division of Pharmacology, Unit for Drug Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Estella L Minnaar
- Division of Pharmacology, Unit for Drug Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Francois Viljoen
- Division of Pharmacology, Unit for Drug Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jan L du Preez
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Unit for Drug Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Division of Pharmacology, Unit for Drug Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Farghaly HSM, Abdel-Zaher AO, Mostafa MG, Kotb HI. Comparative evaluation of the effect of tricyclic antidepressants on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in neuropathic pain model. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
42
|
Gałecki P, Gałecka E, Maes M, Chamielec M, Orzechowska A, Bobińska K, Lewiński A, Szemraj J. The expression of genes encoding for COX-2, MPO, iNOS, and sPLA2-IIA in patients with recurrent depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2012; 138:360-6. [PMID: 22331023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. There are also data indicating altered inflammatory gene expression in depressive disorder and that genetic variants of IO&NS genes are associated with increased risk of the disease in question. The aim of this study was to explore mRNA expression of four IO&NS genes PTGS2, MPO, NOS2A, and PLA2G2A coding respectively: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-IIA). METHOD Expression of the mRNA was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, in peripheral blood cells of patients with recurrent depressive disorder (rDD) and normal controls. RESULTS The mRNA expressions of the genes encoding for COX-2, MPO, iNOS and sPLA2-IIA were significantly increased in the peripheral blood cells of depressed patients versus controls. LIMITATIONS Patients were treated with antidepressants. CONCLUSION Our results indicate and may confirm the role of peripheral IO&NS pathways in the pathophysiology of depression. The results represent a promising way to investigate biological markers of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wegener G, Mathe AA, Neumann ID. Selectively bred rodents as models of depression and anxiety. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2012; 12:139-187. [PMID: 22351423 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2011_192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stress related diseases such as depression and anxiety have a high degree of co morbidity, and represent one of the greatest therapeutic challenges for the twenty-first century. The present chapter will summarize existing rodent models for research in psychiatry, mimicking depression- and anxiety-related diseases. In particular we will highlight the use of selective breeding of rodents for extremes in stress-related behavior. We will summarize major behavioral, neuroendocrine and neuronal parameters, and pharmacological interventions, assessed in great detail in two rat model systems: The Flinders Sensitive and Flinders Resistant Line rats (FSL/FRL model), and rats selectively bred for high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety related behavior (HAB/LAB model). Selectively bred rodents also provide an excellent tool in order to study gene and environment interactions. Although it is generally accepted that genes and environmental factors determine the etiology of mental disorders, precise information is limited: How rigid is the genetic disposition? How do genetic, prenatal and postnatal influences interact to shape adult disease? Does the genetic predisposition determine the vulnerability to prenatal and postnatal or adult stressors? In combination with modern neurobiological methods, these models are important to elucidate the etiology and pathophysiology of anxiety and affective disorders, and to assist in the development of new treatment paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregers Wegener
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, 8240, Risskov, Denmark,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Silva M, Aguiar DC, Diniz CRA, Guimarães FS, Joca SRL. Neuronal NOS Inhibitor and Conventional Antidepressant Drugs Attenuate Stress-induced Fos Expression in Overlapping Brain Regions. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:443-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
45
|
Chronic administration of fluoxetine impairs neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:224-8. [PMID: 21925166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), cause erectile dysfunction; however, the mechanism by which they cause erectile function is unclear. We investigated the reactivity of the corpus cavernosum after chronic fluoxetine treatment in rabbits. Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: control (n=6) or 20mg/kg/day of fluoxetine delivered i.p. (n=6). The reactivity of the corpus cavernosum tissue from the fluoxetine-treated and control groups was studied in organ chambers after 21 days of fluoxetine injection. In the fluoxetine-treated group, endothelium-dependent relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to acetylcholine was significantly decreased compared to the control group. However, the sensitivity (i.e., pD(2)) of the fluoxetine-treated cavernosal tissue strips to acetylcholine was not changed with respect to controls. Electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced neurogenic relaxation was also significantly reduced in the fluoxetine-treated group. Relaxation in response to the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside was similar between the cavernosal tissues from the two groups. There was also no change in agonist potency between the two groups. Additionally, chronic fluoxetine treatment had no effect on KCl-induced contractile responses. When tissue contraction was produced with phenylephrine to study relaxation in response to various stimuli, the tension induced was similar between the fluoxetine-treated and control groups. This study suggests that chronic fluoxetine treatment causes significant functional changes to the penile erectile tissue of rabbits, and these changes may contribute to the development of impotence.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zeni ALB, Zomkowski ADE, Dal-Cim T, Maraschin M, Rodrigues ALS, Tasca CI. Antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects of Aloysia gratissima: investigation of involvement of L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:864-874. [PMID: 21767626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloysia gratissima (Gill. et Hook) Tronc. (Verbenaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of headache, bronchitis, and nervous systems disorders including depression. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects of Aloysia gratissima aqueous extract (AE) and the involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidepressant-like effect of AE was evaluated through behavioral despair in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Swiss albino mice were treated by oral route and after 1h were analyzed the time of immobility in the FST and TST. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of AE against glutamate excitotoxicity was evaluate through cell viability of hippocampal slices, phosphorylation of Akt, and the immunocontent of inducible oxide nitric synthase (iNOS) were investigated by western blotting. RESULTS The immobility time in the FST and TST were reduced by AE (100-1000 and 10-300 mg/kg, respectively). The antidepressant-like effect of AE in the TST was prevented by the pretreatment with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), l-arginine or sildenafil. The subeffective dose of AE produced a synergistic antidepressant-like effect with MK-801 (an antagonist of NMDA receptor), methylene blue, l-NNA (an inhibitor of NO synthase) or ODQ (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase). In ex vivo experiments, pretreatment with AE prevented the loss of cell viability induced by glutamate, thus affording neuroprotection. Glutamate toxicity caused a decreased Akt phosphorylation and an increased iNOS expression. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides convincing evidence of neuroprotection and the involvement of the l-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of AE. Therefore, AE could be of potential interest for the treatment of depressive disorders and neurological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Bertarello Zeni
- Biochemistry Department, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kumar B, Arora V, Kuhad A, Chopra K. Vaccinium myrtillus ameliorates unpredictable chronic mild stress induced depression: possible involvement of nitric oxide pathway. Phytother Res 2011; 26:488-97. [PMID: 22488796 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic unpredictable stressors can produce a situation similar to clinical depression and such animal models can be used for the preclinical evaluation of antidepressants. Nitric oxide, a secondary messenger molecule, has been implicated in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, learning, aggression and depression. Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) extract is a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and cytokine production. The present study investigated the role of nitric oxide in the antidepressant action of Vaccinium myrtillus in unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depression in mice. Animals were subjected to different stress paradigms daily for a period of 21 days to induce depressive-like behavior. Pretreatment with L-arginine significantly reversed the protective effect of bilberry (500 mg/kg) on chronic stress-induced behavioral (immobility period, sucrose preference) and biochemical (lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels; endogenous antioxidant activities) in stressed mice. Furthermore, L-NAME (10 mg/kg) pretreatment with a sub-effective dose of bilberry (250 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the protective effect of bilberry extract. The study revealed that modulation of the nitric oxide pathway might be involved in antidepressant-like effects of Vaccinium myrtillus in stressed mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Kumar
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Krass M, Wegener G, Vasar E, Volke V. The antidepressant action of imipramine and venlafaxine involves suppression of nitric oxide synthesis. Behav Brain Res 2011; 218:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
49
|
Crisafulli C, Fabbri C, Porcelli S, Drago A, Spina E, De Ronchi D, Serretti A. Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:6. [PMID: 21687501 PMCID: PMC3108562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 60% of depressed patients do not respond completely to antidepressants (ADs) and up to 30% do not respond at all. Genetic factors contribute for about 50% of the AD response. During the recent years the possible influence of a set of candidate genes as genetic predictors of AD response efficacy was investigated by us and others. They include the cytochrome P450 superfamily, the P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), the tryptophan hydroxylase, the catechol-O-methyltransferase, the monoamine oxidase A, the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR), the norepinephrine transporter, the dopamine transporter, variants in the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT3A, 5-HT3B, and 5-HT6), adrenoreceptor beta-1 and alpha-2, the dopamine receptors (D2), the G protein beta 3 subunit, the corticotropin releasing hormone receptors (CRHR1 and CRHR2), the glucocorticoid receptors, the c-AMP response-element binding, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Marginal associations were reported for angiotensin I converting enzyme, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput protein, glutamatergic system, nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin 1-beta gene. In conclusion, gene variants seem to influence human behavior, liability to disorders and treatment response. Nonetheless, gene × environment interactions have been hypothesized to modulate several of these effects.
Collapse
|
50
|
Whittle N, Li L, Chen WQ, Yang JW, Sartori SB, Lubec G, Singewald N. Changes in brain protein expression are linked to magnesium restriction-induced depression-like behavior. Amino Acids 2011; 40:1231-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|