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Bastaki SMA, Ojha S, Kalasz H, Adeghate E. Chemical constituents and medicinal properties of Allium species. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4301-4321. [PMID: 34420186 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Allium species, belonging to Alliaceae family, are among the oldest cultivated vegetables used as food. Garlic, onions, leeks and chives, which belong to this family, have been reported to have medicinal properties. The Allium species constituents have been shown to have antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and, in addition, other biological properties. These activities are related to their rich organosulfur compounds. These organosulfur compounds are believed to prevent the development of cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, diabetes, liver diseases as well as allergy and arthritis. There have also been reports on toxicities of these compounds. The major active compounds of Allium species includes, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl sulfide, dipropyl disulfide, dipropyl trisulfide, 1-propenylpropyl disulfide, allyl methyl disulfide and dimethyl disulfide. The aim of this review is to focus on a variety of experimental and clinical reports on the effectiveness, toxicities and possible mechanisms of actions of the active compounds of garlic, onions, leek and chives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim M A Bastaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Huba Kalasz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
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2
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Yang Y, Jia X, Xie H, Wei X. Dihydrochalcone C-glycosides from Averrhoa carambola leaves. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 174:112364. [PMID: 32247075 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ten undescribed dihydrochalcone C-glycosides, carambolasides R1‒R3, S1, S2, T1‒T3, 3-hydroxycarambolaside T1, and 3-hydroxycarambolaside P were isolated along with carambolasides I and P from the leaves of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Among them, carambolasides P, T1, T2, and I with contents of 22.78, 14.39, 4.93, and 1.87 mg g-1 dry wt., respectively, were shown to be abundant in the leaves by HPLC analysis. All the compounds showed more potent ABTS radical cation scavenging activity than l-ascorbic acid. 3-Hydroxycarambolaside T1 and 3-hydroxycarambolaside P also demonstrated moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity. Further, carambolaside R3, 3-hydroxycarambolaside T1, and 3-hydroxycarambolaside P exhibited weak in vitro porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuchao Jia
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Haihui Xie
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; South China Branch of Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; South China Branch of Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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3
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Someya H, Seki T, Ishigami G, Itoh T, Saga Y, Yamada Y, Aoki S. One-pot synthesis of cyclic oligosaccharides by the polyglycosylation of monothioglycosides. Carbohydr Res 2020; 487:107888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Aoki S, Fukumoto T, Itoh T, Kurihara M, Saito S, Komabiki SY. Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides by theO-Glycosylation of Natural Nucleosides with Thioglycoside Donors. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:740-51. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yun HM, Ban JO, Park KR, Lee CK, Jeong HS, Han SB, Hong JT. Potential therapeutic effects of functionally active compounds isolated from garlic. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:183-95. [PMID: 24333688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal properties of functionally active organosulfur compounds such as allin, diallyl disulfide, S-allylmercaptocysteine, and S-trityl-L-cysteine isolated from garlic have received great attention from a large number of investigators who have studied their pharmacological effects for the treatment of various diseases. These organosulfur compounds are able to prevent for development of cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and liver diseases as well as allergy and arthritis. There have been also many reports on toxicities and pharmacokinetics of these compounds. The aim of this study is to review a variety of experimental and clinical reports, and describe the effectiveness, toxicities and pharmacokinetics, and possible mechanisms of pharmaceutical actions of functionally active compounds isolated from garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Ban
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Sang Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Daly R, McCabe T, Scanlan EM. Development of Fully and Partially Protected Fucosyl Donors for Oligosaccharide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1080-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302487c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Daly
- Trinity Biomedical
Sciences Institute, Trinity College, 152-160
Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas McCabe
- Trinity Biomedical
Sciences Institute, Trinity College, 152-160
Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin M. Scanlan
- Trinity Biomedical
Sciences Institute, Trinity College, 152-160
Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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7
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Dkhil M, Abdel-Baki A, Wunderlich F, Sies H, Al-Quraishy S. Anticoccidial and antiinflammatory activity of garlic in murine Eimeria papillata infections. Vet Parasitol 2011; 175:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Shaarawy SM, Tohamy AA, Elgendy SM, Elmageed ZYA, Bahnasy A, Mohamed MS, Kandil E, Matrougui K. Protective effects of garlic and silymarin on NDEA-induced rats hepatotoxicity. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:549-57. [PMID: 19742242 PMCID: PMC2737715 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background — The present study was conducted to investigate the chemopreventive effects of garlic extract and silymarin on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Methods and Results — Animals were pretreated with garlic, silymarin or both for one week prior to the injection of NDEA. Then animals received a single injection of NDEA followed by weekly subcutaneous injections of CCl4 for 6 weeks. Oral administration was then continued along with the injection of CCl4 for the duration of the experiment. Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSR) were measured. Injection of NDEA induced a significant elevation in serum AST, ALT and ALP. In the liver, NDEA increased oxidative stress through the increase in LPO and decrease in SOD, and GSH-dependent enzymes. Although administration of garlic or silymarin significantly reduced the liver toxicity, combined administration was more effective in preventing the development of hepatotoxicity. Conclusion — These novel findings suggest that silymarin and garlic have a synergistic effect, and could be used as hepatoprotective agents against hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M Shaarawy
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Research Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cobucci-Ponzano B, Conte F, Mazzone M, Bedini E, Corsaro MM, Rossi M, Moracci M. Design of new reaction conditions for characterization of a mutant thermophilicα-l-fucosidase. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701792209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2003-2004. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:273-361. [PMID: 18825656 PMCID: PMC7168468 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the third update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings the topic to the end of 2004. Both fundamental studies and applications are covered. The main topics include methodological developments, matrices, fragmentation of carbohydrates and applications to large polymeric carbohydrates from plants, glycans from glycoproteins and those from various glycolipids. Other topics include the use of MALDI MS to study enzymes related to carbohydrate biosynthesis and degradation, its use in industrial processes, particularly biopharmaceuticals and its use to monitor products of chemical synthesis where glycodendrimers and carbohydrate-protein complexes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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11
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Kononov LO, Malysheva NN, Orlova AV. Stereoselectivity of Glycosylation May Change During the Reaction Course: Highly α-Stereoselective Sialylation Achieved by Supramer Approach. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Liu SW, Chen CS, Chang SS, Mong KKT, Lin CH, Chang CW, Tang CY, Li YK. Identification of Essential Residues of Human α-l-Fucosidase and Tests of Its Mechanism. Biochemistry 2008; 48:110-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bi801529t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Sheng Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shen Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kwok-Kong Tony Mong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Yi Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, and Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Jacobsson M, Malmberg J, Ellervik U. Aromatic O-glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1266-81. [PMID: 16650391 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates carrying an aromatic aglycon are important natural products and thus key synthetic targets. However, due to the electron-withdrawing properties of aromatic rings, phenols are difficult to glycosylate. This review covers the most common carbohydrate donors used for aromatic O-glycosylation (anomeric acetates, halides, trichloroacetimidates and thioglycosides) as well as some less common donors. The scope of the review is to give practical examples of aromatic O-glycosylations and to offer guidelines for glycosylation of typical aromatic residues. Anomeric acetates or trichloroacetimidates, activated under acidic conditions, are preferred for electron rich aromatic aglycons, while glycosyl halides, activated using basic conditions, are preferred for electron deficient aromatic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Jacobsson
- Organic Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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14
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Wei L, Wei G, Zhang H, Wang PG, Du Y. Synthesis of new, potent avermectin-like insecticidal agents. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1583-90. [PMID: 15922315 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
4'-Modified avermectin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Some of the new synthetic compounds showed excellent in vivo bioactivity against cabbage larvae when compared to commercially available avermectin B1a. In this synthesis, uncommon thioglycosyl sugar donors, prepared from the hydrolysis of natural antibiotics, proved compatible with sugar-macrolide synthesis in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) or I2 in N-methylpyrrolidone at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wei
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming City, Kunming 650091, China
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