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Steimann T, Heite Z, Germer A, Blank LM, Büchs J, Mann M, Magnus JB. Understanding exopolysaccharide byproduct formation in Komagataella phaffii fermentation processes for recombinant protein production. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:131. [PMID: 38711081 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) has emerged as a common and robust biotechnological platform organism, to produce recombinant proteins and other bioproducts of commercial interest. Key advantage of K. phaffii is the secretion of recombinant proteins, coupled with a low host protein secretion. This facilitates downstream processing, resulting in high purity of the target protein. However, a significant but often overlooked aspect is the presence of an unknown polysaccharide impurity in the supernatant. Surprisingly, this impurity has received limited attention in the literature, and its presence and quantification are rarely addressed. RESULTS This study aims to quantify this exopolysaccharide in high cell density recombinant protein production processes and identify its origin. In stirred tank fed-batch fermentations with a maximal cell dry weight of 155 g/L, the polysaccharide concentration in the supernatant can reach up to 8.7 g/L. This level is similar to the achievable target protein concentration. Importantly, the results demonstrate that exopolysaccharide production is independent of the substrate and the protein production process itself. Instead, it is directly correlated with biomass formation and proportional to cell dry weight. Cell lysis can confidently be ruled out as the source of this exopolysaccharide in the culture medium. Furthermore, the polysaccharide secretion can be linked to a mutation in the HOC1 gene, featured by all derivatives of strain NRRL Y-11430, leading to a characteristic thinner cell wall. CONCLUSIONS This research sheds light on a previously disregarded aspect of K. phaffii fermentations, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and addressing the exopolysaccharide impurity in biotechnological applications, independent of the recombinant protein produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steimann
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoe Heite
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Germer
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- iAMB-Institute of Applied Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel Mann
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jørgen Barsett Magnus
- AVT-Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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2
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Ndukwe IE, Black I, Castro CA, Vlach J, Heiss C, Roper C, Azadi P. Permethylation as a strategy for high-molecular-weight polysaccharide structure analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance-Case study of Xylella fastidiosa extracellular polysaccharide. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:370-377. [PMID: 37985228 PMCID: PMC11047163 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Current practices for structural analysis of extremely large-molecular-weight polysaccharides via solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy incorporate partial depolymerization protocols that enable polysaccharide solubilization in suitable solvents. Non-specific depolymerization techniques utilized for glycosidic bond cleavage, such as chemical degradation or ultrasonication, potentially generate structural fragments that can complicate complete and accurate characterization of polysaccharide structures. Utilization of appropriate enzymes for polysaccharide degradation, on the other hand, requires prior structural knowledge and optimal enzyme activity conditions that are not available to an analyst working with novel or unknown compounds. Herein, we describe an application of a permethylation strategy that allows the complete dissolution of intact polysaccharides for NMR structural characterization. This approach is utilized for NMR analysis of Xylella fastidiosa extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), which is essential for the virulence of the plant pathogen that affects multiple commercial crops and is responsible for multibillion dollar losses each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna E Ndukwe
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ian Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Claudia A Castro
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jiri Vlach
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Christian Heiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Caroline Roper
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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3
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Hoppenreijs LJG, Annibal A, Vreeke GJC, Boom RM, Keppler JK. Food proteins from yeast-based precision fermentation: Simple purification of recombinant β-lactoglobulin using polyphosphate. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113801. [PMID: 38163711 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteins produced through precision fermentation are often purified through chromatographic methods. Faster and more cost-effective purification methods are desired for food application. Here, we present a simple method for purification of protein produced from yeast, using β-lactoglobulin secreted from Pichia pastoris as an example. The food-grade salt hexametaphosphate (HMP) was used to precipitate the protein at acidic pH, while the impurities (extracellular polysaccharides; mainly mannan) remained soluble. After re-solubilization of the protein-HMP complex by neutralization, excess HMP was selectively precipitated using calcium chloride. The protein content of the crude sample increased from 26 to 72 wt% (comparable to purification with anion exchange chromatography), containing only residual extracellular polysaccharides (9 wt%) and HMP (1 wt%). The established method had no significant impact on the structural and functional properties (i.e., ability to form emulsions) of the protein. The presented method shows potential for cost-effective purification of recombinant proteins produced through yeast-based expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J G Hoppenreijs
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Annibal
- Formo Bio GmbH, Weismüllerstraße 50, 60314 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G J C Vreeke
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R M Boom
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J K Keppler
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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4
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Ndukwe IE, Black I, Castro CA, Vlach J, Heiss C, Roper C, Azadi P. Permethylation as a Strategy for High Molecular Weight Polysaccharide Structure Analysis by NMR - Case Study of Xylella fastidiosa EPS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538115. [PMID: 37162848 PMCID: PMC10168210 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Current practices for structure analysis of extremely large molecular weight polysaccharides via solution-state NMR spectroscopy incorporate partial depolymerization protocols that enable polysaccharide solubilization in suitable solvents. Non-specific depolymerization techniques utilized for glycosidic bond cleavage, such as chemical degradation or ultrasonication, potentially generate structure fragments that can complicate the complete characterization of polysaccharide structures. Utilization of appropriate enzymes for polysaccharide degradation, on the other hand, requires prior structure information and optimal enzyme activity conditions that are not available to the analyst working with novel or unknown compounds. Herein, we describe the application of a permethylation strategy that allows the complete dissolution of the intact polysaccharides for NMR structure characterization. This approach is utilized for NMR analysis of Xylella fastidiosa EPS, which is essential for the virulence the plant pathogen that affects multiple commercial crops and is responsible for multibillion dollar losses each year.
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5
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Structure, preparation, modification, and bioactivities of β-glucan and mannan from yeast cell wall: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:445-456. [PMID: 33497691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the antibiotic resistance, the research on antibiotic substitutes has received an extensive attention. Many studies have shown that β-glucan and mannan from yeast cell wall have the potential to replace antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of animal diseases, thereby reducing the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. β-Glucan and mannan had a variety of biological functions, including improving the intestinal environment, stimulating innate and acquired immunity, adsorbing mycotoxins, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and so on. The biological activities of β-glucan and mannan can be improved by chemically modifying its primary structure or reducing molecular weight. In this paper, the structure, preparation, modification, and biological activities of β-glucan and mannan were reviewed, which provided future perspectives of β-glucan and mannan.
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6
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Laukens B, Jacobs PP, Geysens K, Martins J, De Wachter C, Ameloot P, Morelle W, Haustraete J, Renauld JC, Samyn B, Contreras R, Devos S, Callewaert N. Off-target glycans encountered along the synthetic biology route toward humanized N-glycans in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2479-2488. [PMID: 32374435 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The glycosylation pathways of several eukaryotic protein expression hosts are being engineered to enable the production of therapeutic glycoproteins with humanized application-customized glycan structures. In several expression hosts, this has been quite successful, but one caveat is that the new N-glycan structures inadvertently might be substrates for one or more of the multitude of endogenous glycosyltransferases in such heterologous background. This then results in the formation of novel, undesired glycan structures, which often remain insufficiently characterized. When expressing mouse interleukin-22 in a Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella phaffii) GlycoSwitchM5 strain, which had been optimized to produce Man5 GlcNAc2 N-glycans, glycan profiling revealed two major species: Man5 GlcNAc2 and an unexpected, partially α-mannosidase-resistant structure. A detailed structural analysis using exoglycosidase sequencing, mass spectrometry, linkage analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that this novel glycan was Man5 GlcNAc2 modified with a Glcα-1,2-Manβ-1,2-Manβ-1,3-Glcα-1,3-R tetrasaccharide. Expression of a Golgi-targeted GlcNAc transferase-I strongly inhibited the formation of this novel modification, resulting in more homogeneous modification with the targeted GlcNAcMan5 GlcNAc2 structure. Our findings reinforce accumulating evidence that robustly customizing the N-glycosylation pathway in P. pastoris to produce particular human-type structures is still an incompletely solved synthetic biology challenge, which will require further innovation to enable safe glycoprotein pharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Laukens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter P Jacobs
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katelijne Geysens
- NMR and Structural Analysis Unit, Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jose Martins
- NMR and Structural Analysis Unit, Department of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlot De Wachter
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Ameloot
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willy Morelle
- Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Experimental Medicine Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Samyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roland Contreras
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Devos
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Insights into the effects of N-glycosylation on the characteristics of the VC1 domain of the human receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) secreted by Pichia pastoris. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:27-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-09855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. The recognition of glycans by protein receptors. Insights from NMR spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4761-4769. [PMID: 29662983 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01444b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates (glycans, saccharides, sugars) are everywhere. In fact, glycan-protein interactions are involved in many essential processes of life and disease. The understanding of the key structural details at the atomic and molecular level is of paramount importance to effectively design molecules for therapeutic purposes. Different approximations may be employed to decipher these molecular recognition processes with high resolution. Advances in cryo-electron microscopy are providing exquisite details on different biological mechanisms involving sugars, while better and better protocols for structural refinement in the application of X-ray methods for protein-sugar complexes and glycoproteins are also permitting fantastic advances in the glycoscience arena. Alternatively, NMR spectroscopy remains as one of the most rewarding techniques to explore protein-carbohydrate interactions. In fact, given the intrinsic dynamic nature of saccharides, NMR can afford exquisite structural information at the atomic detail, not accessible by other techniques. However, the access to this information is sometimes intricate, and requires careful analysis and well-defined strategies. In this review, we have highlighted these issues and presented an overview of different modern NMR approaches with a focus on the latest developments and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.
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9
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Xing Y, Chen C, Sun W, Zhang B, Sang Y, Xiu Z, Dong Y. An environment-friendly approach to isolate and purify glucan from spent cells of recombinant Pichia pastoris and the bioactivity characterization of the purified glucan. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:227-235. [PMID: 32624901 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris enables the industrial-scale biosynthesis of many recombinant products, large amount of nutrient-rich biomass emerged along this process. Polysaccharides, especially glucans that are abundant in the cell wall of P. pastoris, are yet to be better utilized owing to their various biological activities. However, the isolation and purification of cell wall glucan from P. pastoris has not been reported. In this study, we established an environment-friendly approach, including induced autolysis, hot-water treatment, ultrasonication, isopropanol extraction, and protease treatment, to isolate and purify glucan from the cell wall of P. pastoris. We achieved a purity of 85.3% and a yield of 11.7% for the purified glucan. Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and ash were efficiently removed during the purification. The activities of the purified glucan were investigated in mice fed with a high-fat diet. The purified glucan decreased the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides by 30.3 and 29.7%, respectively. This result suggested that the cell wall glucan of P. pastoris could be developed to a therapeutic agent for dyslipidemia. Our study proposed an environment-friendly and effective method to isolate and purify the glucan from P. pastoris, providing solid foundation for the high-value utilization of this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Sang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
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10
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Structural analysis of N-/O-glycans assembled on proteins in yeasts. J Microbiol 2018; 56:11-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Engineering of Yeast Glycoprotein Expression. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 175:93-135. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Chen L, Cheng WN, Zhang BB, Cheung PCK. Structural and thermal analysis of a hyper-branched exopolysaccharide produced by submerged fermentation of mushroom mycelium. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23383j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (PTR-EPS1) purified from the culture medium of the mycelial fermentation of Pleurotus tuber-regium had a weight-average molecular mass of 173.6 kDa and a radius of 55.6 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - W. N. Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - B. B. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - P. C. K. Cheung
- School of Life Sciences
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
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13
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Schubert M, Walczak MJ, Aebi M, Wider G. Posttranslational Modifications of Intact Proteins Detected by NMR Spectroscopy: Application to Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Schubert M, Walczak MJ, Aebi M, Wider G. Posttranslational modifications of intact proteins detected by NMR spectroscopy: application to glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7096-100. [PMID: 25924827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are an integral part of the majority of proteins. The characterization of structure and function of PTMs can be very challenging especially for glycans. Existing methods to analyze PTMs require complicated sample preparations and suffer from missing certain modifications, the inability to identify linkage types and thus chemical structure. We present a direct, robust, and simple NMR spectroscopy method for the detection and identification of PTMs in proteins. No isotope labeling is required, nor does the molecular weight of the studied protein limit the application. The method can directly detect modifications on intact proteins without sophisticated sample preparation. This approach is well suited for diagnostics of proteins derived from native organisms and for the quality control of biotechnologically produced therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Schubert
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland). .,Present address: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg (Austria).
| | - Michal J Walczak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland).
| | - Markus Aebi
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Gerhard Wider
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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15
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Hopkins D, Gomathinayagam S, Rittenhour AM, Du M, Hoyt E, Karaveg K, Mitchell T, Nett JH, Sharkey NJ, Stadheim TA, Li H, Hamilton SR. Elimination of β-mannose glycan structures in Pichia pastoris. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1616-26. [PMID: 21840970 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, is an important organism used for the production of therapeutic proteins. However, the presence of fungal-like glycans, such as those containing β-mannose (Man) linkages, can elicit an immune response or bind to Man receptors, thus reducing their efficacy. Recent studies have confirmed that P. pastoris has four genes from the β-mannosyl transferase (BMT) family and that Bmt2p is responsible for the majority of β-Man linkages on glycans. While expressing recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in a developmental glycoengineered strain devoid of BMT2 gene expression, cross-reactivity was observed with an antibody raised against host cell antigens. Treatment of the rhEPO with protein N-glycosidase F eliminated cross-reactivity, indicating that the antigen was associated with the glycan. Thorough analysis of the glycan profile of rhEPO demonstrated the presence of low amounts of α-1,2-mannosidase resistant high-Man glycoforms. In an attempt to eliminate the α-mannosidase resistant glycoforms, we used a systemic approach to genetically knock-out the remaining members of the BMT family culminating in a quadruple bmt2,4,1,3 knock-out strain. Data presented here conclude that the additive elimination of Bmt2p, Bmt3p and Bmt1p activities are required for total abolition of β-Man-associated glycans and their related antigenicity. Taken together, the elimination of β-Man containing glycoforms represents an important step forward for the Pichia production platform as a suitable system for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hopkins
- GlycoFi Inc., A wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc., 21 Lafayette street, Suite 200, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
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16
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Gomathinayagam S, Mitchell T, Zartler ER, Heiss C, Azadi P, Zha D, Houston-Cummings NR, Jiang Y, Li F, Giaccone E, Porambo RJ, Anderson CL, Sethuraman N, Li H, Stadheim TA. Structural elucidation of an -1,2-mannosidase resistant oligosaccharide produced in Pichia pastoris. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1606-15. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Characterization of a neutral polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity from red wine. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1095-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Meier S, Benie AJ, Duus JØ, Sørensen OW. Adiabatic Low-Pass J Filters for Artifact Suppression in Heteronuclear NMR. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:893-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Mille C, Bobrowicz P, Trinel PA, Li H, Maes E, Guerardel Y, Fradin C, Martínez-Esparza M, Davidson RC, Janbon G, Poulain D, Wildt S. Identification of a New Family of Genes Involved in β-1,2-Mannosylation of Glycans in Pichia pastoris and Candida albicans. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:9724-36. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708825200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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20
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Structure, molecular size and antitumor activities of polysaccharides from Poria cocos mycelia produced in fermenter. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Nikolaev AV, Botvinko IV, Ross AJ. Natural phosphoglycans containing glycosyl phosphate units: structural diversity and chemical synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:297-344. [PMID: 17092493 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 09/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An anomeric phosphodiester linkage formed by a glycosyl phosphate unit and a hydroxyl group of another monosaccharide is found in many glycopolymers of the outer membrane in bacteria (e.g., capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides), yeasts and protozoa. The polymers (phosphoglycans) composed of glycosyl phosphate (or oligoglycosyl phosphate) repeating units could be chemically classified as poly(glycosyl phosphates). Their importance as immunologically active components of the cell wall and/or capsule of numerous microorganisms upholds the need to develop routes for the chemical preparation of these biopolymers. In this paper, we (1) present a review of the primary structures (known to date) of natural phosphoglycans from various sources, which contain glycosyl phosphate units, and (2) discuss different approaches and recent achievements in the synthesis of glycosyl phosphosaccharides and poly(glycosyl phosphates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Nikolaev
- College of Life Sciences, Division of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Microbiology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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Omarsdottir S, Petersen BO, Paulsen BS, Togola A, Duus JØ, Olafsdottir ES. Structural characterisation of novel lichen heteroglycans by NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2449-55. [PMID: 16884705 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two galactofuranomannans, Ths-4 and Ths-5, were isolated from the lichen, Thamnolia vermicularis var. subuliformis, using ethanol fractionation and anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The average molecular weights of Ths-4 and Ths-5 were estimated to be 19 and 200 kDa, respectively. Structural characterisation of Ths-4, Ths-5 and their partially hydrolysed derivatives was performed by methanolysis and methylation analysis. The intact and partially hydrolysed Ths-4 was further analysed using NMR spectroscopy (1D, COSY, NOESY, TOCSY, HSQC and HMBC). According to the data obtained, the heteroglycans Ths-4 and Ths-5 have similar structures, but have large differences in molecular weight. The structure is composed of 3-O-linked and 5-O-linked galactofuranosyl chains linked to a mannan core. The mannan core consists of a main chain of alpha-(1-->6)-linked mannopyranosyl residues, substituted at O-2 with either a single alpha-mannopyranosyl unit or an alpha-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-Manp-(1-->2)-alpha-Manp group in the ratio of approximately 1:3, respectively. The polysaccharides have idealised repeating blocks as is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesselja Omarsdottir
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hagi, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 1999-2000. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:595-662. [PMID: 16642463 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and continues coverage of the field from the previous review published in 1999 (D. J. Harvey, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, 1999, Mass Spectrom Rev, 18:349-451) for the period 1999-2000. As MALDI mass spectrometry is acquiring the status of a mature technique in this field, there has been a greater emphasis on applications rather than to method development as opposed to the previous review. The present review covers applications to plant-derived carbohydrates, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, mucins, glycosaminoglycans, bacterial glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids and related compounds, and glycosides. Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry to the study of enzymes acting on carbohydrates (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) and to the synthesis of carbohydrates, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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Omarsdottir S, Petersen B, Barsett H, Paulsen BS, Duus J, Olafsdottir E. Structural characterisation of a highly branched galactomannan from the lichen Peltigera canina by methylation analysis and NMR-spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paramonov N, Rangarajan M, Hashim A, Gallagher A, Aduse-Opoku J, Slaney JM, Hounsell E, Curtis MA. Structural analysis of a novel anionic polysaccharide fromPorphyromonas gingivalisstrain W50 related to Arg-gingipain glycans. Mol Microbiol 2005; 58:847-63. [PMID: 16238632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Arg-gingipains (RgpsA and B) of Porphyromonas gingivalis are a family of extracellular cysteine proteases and are important virulence determinants of this periodontal bacterium. A monoclonal antibody, MAb1B5, which recognizes an epitope on glycosylated monomeric RgpAs also cross-reacts with a cell-surface polysaccharide of P. gingivalis W50 suggesting that the maturation pathway of the Arg-gingipains may be linked to the biosynthesis of a surface carbohydrate. We report the purification and structural characterization of the cross-reacting anionic polysaccharide (APS), which is distinct from both the lipopolysaccharide and serotype capsule polysaccharide of P. gingivalis W50. The structure of APS was determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis, which showed it to be a phosphorylated branched mannan. The backbone is built up of alpha-1,6-linked mannose residues and the side-chains contain alpha-1,2-linked mannose oligosaccharides of different lengths (one to two sugar residues) attached to the backbone via 1,2-linkage. One of the side-chains in the repeating unit contains Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-phosphate linked via phosphorus to a backbone mannose at position 2. De-O-phosphorylation of APS abolished cross-reactivity suggesting that Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-phosphate fragment forms part of the epitope recognized by MAb1B5. This phosphorylated branched mannan represents a novel polysaccharide that is immunologically related to the post-translational additions of Arg-gingipains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Paramonov
- MRC Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Centre for Infectious Disease, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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Chiba Y, Sakuraba H, Kotani M, Kase R, Kobayashi K, Takeuchi M, Ogasawara S, Maruyama Y, Nakajima T, Takaoka Y, Jigami Y. Production in yeast of alpha-galactosidase A, a lysosomal enzyme applicable to enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease. Glycobiology 2002; 12:821-8. [PMID: 12499404 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwf096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A mammalian-like sugar moiety was created in glycoprotein by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in combination with bacterial alpha-mannosidase to produce a more economic enzyme replacement therapy for patients with Fabry disease. We introduced the human alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-GalA) gene into an S. cerevisiae mutant that was deficient in the outer chains of N-linked mannan. The recombinant alpha-GalA contained both neutral (Man(8)GlcNAc(2)) and acidic ([Man-P](1-2)Man(8)GlcNAc(2)) sugar chains. Because an efficient incorporation of alpha-GalA into lysosomes of human cells requires mannose-6-phosphate (Man-6-P) residues that should be recognized by the specific receptor, we trimmed down the sugar chains of the alpha-GalA by a newly isolated bacterial alpha-mannosidase. Treatment of the alpha-GalA with the alpha-mannosidase resulted in the exposure of a Man-6-P residue on a nonreduced end of oligosaccharide chains after the removal of phosphodiester-linked nonreduced-end mannose. The treated alpha-GalA was efficiently incorporated into fibroblasts derived from patients with Fabry disease. The uptake was three to four times higher than that of the nontreated alpha-GalA and was inhibited by the addition of 5 mM Man-6-P. Incorporated alpha-GalA was targeted to the lysosome, and hydrolyzed ceramide trihexoside accumulated in the Fabry fibroblasts after 5 days. This method provides an effective and economic therapy for many lysosomal disorders, including Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Chiba
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
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Nashiru O, Zechel DL, Stoll D, Mohammadzadeh T, Warren RAJ, Withers SG. β-Mannosynthase: Synthesis ofβ-Mannosides with a Mutantβ-Mannosidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:417-420. [PMID: 29712412 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010119)40:2<417::aid-anie417>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oyekanmi Nashiru
- Department of Microbiology University of British Columbia (Canada)
| | - David L Zechel
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 604-822-2847
| | - Dominik Stoll
- Department of Microbiology University of British Columbia (Canada)
| | - Taraneh Mohammadzadeh
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 604-822-2847
| | | | - Stephen G Withers
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 604-822-2847
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Nashiru O, Zechel DL, Stoll D, Mohammadzadeh T, Warren RAJ, Withers SG. β-Mannosynthase: Synthesis ofβ-Mannosides with a Mutantβ-Mannosidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010119)113:2<431::aid-ange431>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Duus J, Gotfredsen CH, Bock K. Carbohydrate structural determination by NMR spectroscopy: modern methods and limitations. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4589-614. [PMID: 11749359 DOI: 10.1021/cr990302n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Duus
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby Copenhagen, Denmark
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