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Uno Y, Shimizu M, Yamazaki H. A variety of cytochrome P450 enzymes and flavin-containing monooxygenases in dogs and pigs commonly used as preclinical animal models. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116124. [PMID: 38490520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Drug oxygenation is mainly mediated by cytochromes P450 (P450s, CYPs) and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs). Polymorphic variants of P450s and FMOs are known to influence drug metabolism. Species differences exist in terms of drug metabolism and can be important when determining the contributions of individual enzymes. The success of research into drug-metabolizing enzymes and their impacts on drug discovery and development has been remarkable. Dogs and pigs are often used as preclinical animal models. This research update provides information on P450 and FMO enzymes in dogs and pigs and makes comparisons with their human enzymes. Newly identified dog CYP3A98, a testosterone 6β- and estradiol 16α-hydroxylase, is abundantly expressed in small intestine and is likely the major CYP3A enzyme in small intestine, whereas dog CYP3A12 is the major CYP3A enzyme in liver. The roles of recently identified dog CYP2J2 and pig CYP2J33/34/35 were investigated. FMOs have been characterized in humans and several other species including dogs and pigs. P450 and FMO family members have been characterized also in cynomolgus macaques and common marmosets. P450s have industrial applications and have been the focus of attention of many pharmaceutical companies. The techniques used to investigate the roles of P450/FMO enzymes in drug oxidation and clinical treatments have not yet reached maturity and require further development. The findings summarized here provide a foundation for understanding individual pharmacokinetic and toxicological results in dogs and pigs as preclinical models and will help to further support understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human P450/FMO functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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2
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Martinez MN, Mochel JP, Neuhoff S, Pade D. Comparison of Canine and Human Physiological Factors: Understanding Interspecies Differences that Impact Drug Pharmacokinetics. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:59. [PMID: 33907906 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is a summary of factors affecting the drug pharmacokinetics (PK) of dogs versus humans. Identifying these interspecies differences can facilitate canine-human PK extrapolations while providing mechanistic insights into species-specific drug in vivo behavior. Such a cross-cutting perspective can be particularly useful when developing therapeutics targeting diseases shared between the two species such as cancer, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, and inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, recognizing these differences also supports a reverse PK extrapolations from humans to dogs. To appreciate the canine-human differences that can affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, this review provides a comparison of the physiology, drug transporter/enzyme location, abundance, activity, and specificity between dogs and humans. Supplemental material provides an in-depth discussion of certain topics, offering additional critical points to consider. Based upon an assessment of available state-of-the-art information, data gaps were identified. The hope is that this manuscript will encourage the research needed to support an understanding of similarities and differences in human versus canine drug PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn N Martinez
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, 20855, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Devendra Pade
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield, S1 2BJ, UK
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3
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Gui L, Wu Q, Hu Y, Zeng W, Tan X, Zhu P, Li X, Yang L, Jia W, Liu C, Lan K. Compensatory Transition of Bile Acid Metabolism from Fecal Disposition of Secondary Bile Acids to Urinary Excretion of Primary Bile Acids Underlies Rifampicin-Induced Cholestasis in Beagle Dogs. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1001-1013. [PMID: 33860216 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug induced cholestasis (DIC) is complexly associated with dysbiosis of the host-gut microbial cometabolism of bile acids (BAs). Murine animals are not suitable for transitional studies because the murine BA metabolism is quite different from human metabolism. In this work, the rifampicin (RFP) induced cholestasis was established in beagle dogs that have a humanlike BA profile to disclose how RFP affects the host-gut microbial cometabolism of BAs. The daily excretion of BA metabolites in urine and feces was extensively analyzed during cholestasis by quantitative BA profiling along the primary-secondary-tertiary axis. Oral midazolam clearance was also acquired to monitor the RFP-induced enterohepatic CYP3A activities because CYP3A is exclusively responsible for the tertiary oxidation of hydrophobic secondary BAs. RFP treatments caused a compensatory transition of the BA metabolism from the fecal disposition of secondary BAs to the urinary excretion of primary BAs in dogs, resulting in an infantile BA metabolism pattern recently disclosed in newborns. However, the tertiary BAs consistently constituted limitedly in the daily BA excretion, indicating that the detoxification role of the CYP3A catalyzed tertiary BA metabolism was not as strong as expected in this model. Multiple host-gut microbial factors might have contributed to the transition of the BA metabolism, such as inhibition of BA transporters, induction of liver-kidney interplaying detoxification mechanisms, and elimination of gut bacteria responsible for secondary BA production. Transitional studies involving more cholestatic drugs in preclinical animals with a humanlike BA profile and DIC patients may pave the way for understanding the complex mechanism of DIC in the era of metagenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- LanLan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - QingLiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - YiTing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - WuShuang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - XianWen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - PingPing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - XueJing Li
- Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lian Yang
- Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China.,WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - ChangXiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ke Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.,Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
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Xie Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Xing J. Metabolic Retroversion of Piperaquine (PQ) via Hepatic Cytochrome P450-Mediated N-Oxidation and Reduction: Not an Important Contributor to the Prolonged Elimination of PQ. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:379-388. [PMID: 33674271 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a partner antimalarial with an extremely long elimination half-life (∼30 days), piperaquine (PQ) is mainly metabolized into a pharmacologically active N-oxide metabolite [piperaquine N-oxide (PN1)] in humans. In the present work, the metabolic retroversion of PQ and PN1, potentially associated with decreased clearance of PQ, was studied. The results showed that interconversion existed for PQ and its metabolite PN1. The N-oxidation of PQ to PN1 was mainly mediated by CYP3A4, and PN1 can rapidly reduce back to PQ via cytochrome P450 (P450)/flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymes. In accordance with these findings, the P450 nonselective inhibitor (1-ABT) or CYP3A4 inhibitor (ketoconazole) inhibited the N-oxidation pathway in liver microsomes (>90%), and the reduction metabolism was inhibited by 1-ABT (>90%) or methimazole (∼50%). Based on in vitro physiologic and enzyme kinetic studies, quantitative prediction of hepatic clearance (CLH) of PQ was performed, which indicated its negligible decreased elimination in humans in the presence of futile cycling, with the unbound CLH decreasing by 2.5% (0.069 l/h per kilogram); however, a minor decrease in unbound CLH (by 12.8%) was found in mice (0.024 l/h per kilogram). After an oral dose of PQ (or PN1) to mice, the parent form predominated in the blood circulation, and PN1 (or PQ) was detected as a major metabolite. Other factors probably associated with delayed elimination of PQ (intestinal metabolism and enterohepatic circulation) did not play a key role in PQ elimination. These data suggested that the metabolic interconversion of PQ and its N-oxide metabolite contributes to but may not significantly prolong its duration in humans. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This paper investigated the interconversion metabolism of piperaquine (PQ) and its N-oxide metabolite in vitro as well as in mice. The metabolic profiles of PQ were reestablished by this futile cycling, which contributes to but may not significantly prolong its elimination in humans. Enzyme phenotyping indicated a low possibility of interaction of PQ during artemisinin drug-based combination therapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunrui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huixiang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zeng W, Gui L, Tan X, Zhu P, Hu Y, Wu Q, Li X, Yang L, Jia W, Liu C, Lan K. Tertiary Oxidation of Deoxycholate Is Predictive of CYP3A Activity in Dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:369-378. [PMID: 33674269 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxycholic acid (DCA, 3α, 12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid) is the major circulating secondary bile acid, which is synthesized by gut flora in the lower gut and selectively oxidized by CYP3A into tertiary metabolites, including 1β,3α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid (DCA-1β-ol) and 3α,5β,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid (DCA-5β-ol) in humans. Since DCA has the similar exogenous nature and disposition mechanisms as xenobiotics, this work aimed to investigate whether the tertiary oxidations of DCA are predictive of in vivo CYP3A activities in beagle dogs. In vitro metabolism of midazolam (MDZ) and DCA in recombinant canine CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B11, 2C21, 2C41, 2D15, 3A12, and 3A26 enzymes clarified that CYP3A12 was primarily responsible for either the oxidation elimination of MDZ or the regioselective oxidation metabolism of DCA into DCA-1β-ol and DCA-5β-ol in dog liver microsomes. Six male dogs completed the CYP3A intervention studies including phases of baseline, inhibition (ketoconazole treatments), recovery, and induction (rifampicin treatments). The oral MDZ clearance after a single dose was determined on the last day of the baseline, inhibition, and induction phases, and subjected to correlation analysis with the tertiary oxidation ratios of DCA detected in serum and urine samples. The results confirmed that the predosing serum ratios of DCA oxidation, DCA-5β-ol/DCA, and DCA-1β-ol/DCA were significantly and positively correlated both intraindividually and interindividually with oral MDZ clearance. It was therefore concluded that the tertiary oxidation of DCA is predictive of CYP3A activity in beagle dogs. Clinical transitional studies following the preclinical evidence are promising to provide novel biomarkers of the enterohepatic CYP3A activities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Drug development, clinical pharmacology, and therapeutics are under insistent demands of endogenous CYP3A biomarkers that avoid unnecessary drug exposure and invasive sampling. This work has provided the first proof-of-concept preclinical evidence that the CYP3A catalyzed tertiary oxidation of deoxycholate, the major circulating secondary bile acid synthesized in the lower gut by bacteria, may be developed as novel in vivo biomarkers of the enterohepatic CYP3A activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wushuang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Lanlan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Xianwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Pingping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Yiting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Qingliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Xuejing Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Wei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
| | - Ke Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (W.Z., L.G., X.T., P.Z., Y.H., Q.W., K.L.); Chengdu Health-Balance Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (X.L., L.Y., K.L.); WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China (L.Y.); School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China (W.J.); and State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China (C.L.)
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Heikkinen AT, Friedlein A, Matondo M, Hatley OJD, Petsalo A, Juvonen R, Galetin A, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Aebersold R, Lamerz J, Dunkley T, Cutler P, Parrott N. Quantitative ADME Proteomics – CYP and UGT Enzymes in the Beagle Dog Liver and Intestine. Pharm Res 2014; 32:74-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sjögren E, Abrahamsson B, Augustijns P, Becker D, Bolger MB, Brewster M, Brouwers J, Flanagan T, Harwood M, Heinen C, Holm R, Juretschke HP, Kubbinga M, Lindahl A, Lukacova V, Münster U, Neuhoff S, Nguyen MA, Peer AV, Reppas C, Hodjegan AR, Tannergren C, Weitschies W, Wilson C, Zane P, Lennernäs H, Langguth P. In vivo methods for drug absorption – Comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for formulation/API/excipient characterization including food effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:99-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ma J, Bu Y, Li Y, Niu D, Li X. Complementary DNA Cloning and Functional Characterization of Cytochrome P450 3A138 in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.). J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:239-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhen Bu
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Daichun Niu
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
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Zhou X, Gao ZW, Meng J, Chen XY, Zhong DF. Effects of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of GLS4, a novel anti-hepatitis B virus compound, in dogs. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1420-6. [PMID: 24056704 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the metabolism of GLS4, a heteroaryldihydropyrimidine compound with anti-hepatitis B virus activity, in dog and human liver microsomes in vitro and evaluate the effects of ketoconazole (a potent CYP3A inhibitor) or rifampicin (a potent CYP3A inducer) on GLS4 pharmacokinetics in dogs. METHODS Dog and human liver microsomes and CYP3A4 were incubated with [(14)C]GLS4 for 15 min and then analyzed using a HPLC-dynamic online radio flow detection method. Two groups of beagle dogs were used for in vivo studies. Group A were orally administered a single dose of GLS4 (15 mg/kg) with or without ketoconazole pretreatment (100 mg/d for 8 consecutive days). Group B were orally administered a single dose of GLS4 (15 mg/kg) with or without rifampicin pretreatment (100 mg/d for 8 consecutive days). Plasma was sampled after GLS4 dosing. GLS4 concentrations were determined by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The metabolic profile of [(14)C]GLS4 in human and dog liver microsomes and CYP3A4 was similar. The major metabolites were morpholine N-dealkylated GLS4 and morpholine N,N-di-dealkylated GLS4. Pretreatment with ketoconazole or rifampicin significantly affected the plasma concentrations of GLS4 in dogs: ketoconazole increased the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity and peak concentration of GLS4 by 4.4 and 3.3 folds, respectively, whereas rifampicin decreased these parameters by 88.5% and 83.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION GLS4 is a sensitive substrate of CYP3A. CYP3A inhibitors or inducers cause considerable change of GLS4 plasma concentrations in dogs, which should be considered in clinical practice.
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Heikkinen AT, Fowler S, Gray L, Li J, Peng Y, Yadava P, Railkar A, Parrott N. In Vitro to in Vivo Extrapolation and Physiologically Based Modeling of Cytochrome P450 Mediated Metabolism in Beagle Dog Gut Wall and Liver. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1388-99. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300692k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aki T. Heikkinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Fowler
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lynn Gray
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Nutley, New Jersey, United States
| | - Jia Li
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical and Analytical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Nutley, New Jersey, United States
| | - Ying Peng
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical and Analytical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Nutley, New Jersey, United States
| | - Preeti Yadava
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical and Analytical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Nutley, New Jersey, United States
| | - Aruna Railkar
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical and Analytical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Nutley, New Jersey, United States
| | - Neil Parrott
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Van der Heyden S, Croubels S, Gadeyne C, Ducatelle R, Daminet S, Murua Escobar H, Sterenczak K, Polis I, Schauvliege S, Hesta M, Chiers K. Influence of P-glycoprotein modulation on plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of orally administered prednisolone in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:900-7. [PMID: 22620706 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.6.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of modulation of the membrane-bound efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on plasma concentrations of orally administered prednisolone in dogs. ANIMALS 7 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES Each dog received 3 treatments (control [no treatment], rifampicin [100 mg/d, PO, for 21 days, as an inducer of P-gp], and ketoconazole [100 mg/d, PO, for 21 days, as an inhibitor of P-gp]). A single dose of prednisolone (1 mg/kg, PO) was administered on day 8 of each treatment period. There was a 7-day washout period between subsequent treatments. Plasma concentrations of prednisolone were determined by use of a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Duodenum and colon biopsy specimens were obtained endoscopically from anesthetized dogs and assessed for P-gp protein labeling via immunohistochemical analysis and mRNA quantification via real-time PCR assay. Total fecal collection was performed for evaluation of effects of P-gp modulation on digestion of nutrients. RESULTS Rifampicin treatment upregulated duodenal P-gp in dogs and significantly reduced the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of prednisolone. Ketoconazole typically downregulated expression of duodenal P-gp, with a subsequent increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of prednisolone. There was a noticeable interindividual difference in response. Digestion of nutrients was not affected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Modulation of P-gp expression influenced plasma concentrations of prednisolone after oral administration in dogs. Thus, treatment response to prednisolone may be influenced by coadministration of P-gp-modulating medications or feed ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Van der Heyden
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Haller S, Schuler F, Lazic SE, Bachir-Cherif D, Krämer SD, Parrott NJ, Steiner G, Belli S. Expression Profiles of Metabolic Enzymes and Drug Transporters in the Liver and along the Intestine of Beagle Dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1603-10. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.045443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Heikkinen AT, Friedlein A, Lamerz J, Jakob P, Cutler P, Fowler S, Williamson T, Tolando R, Lave T, Parrott N. Mass spectrometry-based quantification of CYP enzymes to establish in vitro/in vivo scaling factors for intestinal and hepatic metabolism in beagle dog. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1832-42. [PMID: 22354837 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physiologically based models, when verified in pre-clinical species, optimally predict human pharmacokinetics. However, modeling of intestinal metabolism has been a gap. To establish in vitro/in vivo scaling factors for metabolism, the expression and activity of CYP enzymes were characterized in the intestine and liver of beagle dog. METHODS Microsomal protein abundance in dog tissues was determined using testosterone-6β-hydroxylation and 7-hydroxycoumarin-glucuronidation as markers for microsomal protein recovery. Expressions of 7 CYP enzymes were estimated based on quantification of proteotypic tryptic peptides using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. CYP3A12 and CYP2B11 activity was evaluated using selective marker reactions. RESULTS The geometric mean of total microsomal protein was 51 mg/g in liver and 13 mg/cm in intestine, without significant differences between intestinal segments. CYP3A12, followed by CYP2B11, were the most abundant CYP enzymes in intestine. Abundance and activity were higher in liver than intestine and declined from small intestine to colon. CONCLUSIONS CYP expression in dog liver and intestine was characterized, providing a basis for in vitro/in vivo scaling of intestinal and hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki T Heikkinen
- Non-Clinical Safety, Pharmaceuticals Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, B70/R130, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Komura H, Iwaki M. In vitro and in vivo small intestinal metabolism of CYP3A and UGT substrates in preclinical animals species and humans: species differences. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 43:476-98. [PMID: 21859377 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.597401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal first-pass metabolism has a great impact on the bioavailability of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A) and/or uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucoronosyltranferase (UGT) substrates in humans. In vitro and in vivo intestinal metabolism studies are essential for clarifying pharmacokinetics in animal species and for predicting the effects of human intestinal metabolism. We review species differences in intestinal metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Based on mRNA expression levels, the major intestinal CYP3A isoform is CYP3A4 for humans, CYP3A4 (3A8) for monkeys, CYP3A9 for rats, cyp3a13 for mice, and CYP3A12 for dogs. Additionally, the intestinal-specific UGT would be UGT1A10 for humans, UGT1A8 for monkeys, and UGT1A7 for rats. In vitro and in vivo intestinal metabolism of CYP3A substrates were larger in monkeys than in humans, although a correlation in intestinal availability between monkeys and humans has been reported. Little information is available regarding species differences in in vitro and in vivo UGT activities; however, UGT-mediated in vivo intestinal metabolism has been demonstrated for raloxifene in humans and for baicalein in rats. Further assessment of intestinal metabolism, particularly for UGT substrates, is required to clarify the entire picture of species differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Komura
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.
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GADEYNE C, VAN der HEYDEN S, GASTHUYS F, CROUBELS S, SCHAUVLIEGE S, POLIS I. The influence of modulation of P-glycoprotein and /or Cytochrome P450 3A on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered morphine in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:417-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tang C, Prueksaritanont T. Use of in vivo animal models to assess pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1772-87. [PMID: 20428930 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are used commonly in various stages of drug discovery and development to aid in the prospective assessment of drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential and the understanding of the underlying mechanism for DDI of a drug candidate. In vivo assessments in an appropriate animal model can be very valuable, when used in combination with in vitro systems, to help verify in vivo relevance of the in vitro animal-based results, and thus substantiate the extrapolation of in vitro human data to clinical outcomes. From a pharmacokinetic standpoint, a key consideration for rational selection of an animal model is based on broad similarities to humans in important physiological and biochemical parameters governing drug absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion (ADME) processes in question for both the perpetrator and victim drugs. Equally critical are specific in vitro and/or in vivo experiments to demonstrate those similarities, usually both qualitative and quantitative, in the ADME properties/processes under investigation. In this review, theoretical basis and specific examples are presented to illustrate the utility of the animal models in assessing the potential and understanding the mechanisms of DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuyue Tang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., WP75A-203, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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Mills BM, Zaya MJ, Walters RR, Feenstra KL, White JA, Gagne J, Locuson CW. Current Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping Methods Applied to Metabolic Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction in Dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 38:396-404. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Komura H, Iwaki M. Species Differences in In Vitro and In Vivo Small Intestinal Metabolism of CYP3A Substrates. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:1775-800. [PMID: 17853429 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal first-pass metabolism has a great impact on the bioavailability of CYP3A substrates in humans, and the in vivo impact has quantitatively been evaluated using CYP3A inhibitors or inducers. In vitro and in vivo preclinical investigations for intestinal metabolism are essential in clarifying pharmacokinetic behavior in animal species and predicting the effect of intestinal metabolism in the human. In this review, we will discuss species differences in intestinal CYP3A enzymes, and CYP3A-mdediated intestinal elimination. Identical CYP3A4 enzyme is expressed in human intestine and liver, but different CYP3A enzymes in both tissues of the mouse and rat are found, that is, respective intestinal enzyme is considered as cyp3a13 and CYP3A62. There is little information on CYP3A enzymes in the monkey and dog intestine, unlike the liver. In vitro metabolic activities of midazolam and nisoldipine are higher in the human and monkey than in the rat. In vivo assessment of cyclosporine, midazolam, nifedipine, tacrolimus, and verapamil has been reported in various species (monkey, rat, mouse, and/or dog) including the human. For midazolam, the monkey shows significant in vivo intestinal metabolism, as evidenced in the human. The monkey might be an appropriate animal model for evaluating small intestinal first-pass metabolism of CYP3A substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Komura
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Tydén E, Olsén L, Tallkvist J, Larsson P, Tjälve H. CYP3A in horse intestines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 201:112-9. [PMID: 15541751 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal enterocytes provide the initial site for cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism of orally absorbed xenobiotics. In man and some animal species, the CYP3A subfamily is highly expressed in the intestines and considered to be important in the first-pass metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mRNA expression, immunohistochemical localization and catalytic activity of CYP3A in the intestines of horse. Real-time RT-PCR analyses showed that the highest CYP3A mRNA expression was present in the duodenum with a decreasing level towards jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon. The CYP3A mRNA expression in the liver was similar as in the anterior part of the jejunum, but about 4.5 times lower than in the anterior part of the duodenum. Immunohistochemistry showed CYP3A immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of the enterocytes, which decreased distally along the intestinal tract. CYP3A-dependent metabolic activity rose slightly from the anterior to the distal part of the duodenum and the anterior part of the jejunum and then declined to the middle and distal parts of the jejunum and the ileum, cecum, and colon. Our results suggest that CYP3A in the small intestine plays a major role in first-pass metabolism and may affect bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency of some orally administrated drugs in horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tydén
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pathology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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