1
|
Sonego DA, Ribeiro AP, Dower NMB, Rodrigues BE, de França Lemes SA, de Oliveira Souza A, de Lara Spada EC, Furlan FH, Lisboa DR, Rondon E Silva J. Effects of topical ketorolac tromethamine on tear parameters, meibography, goblet cell density, and conjunctival oxidative stress in healthy dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:214-227. [PMID: 38140703 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to evaluate whether a twice-daily instillation of 0.45% preservative-free ketorolac tromethamine (FKT) or 0.4% benzalkonium chloride-preserved ketorolac tromethamine (BACKT), every 12 h for 30 days may affect tear film parameters and the meibography in healthy dogs. Additionally, we assessed whether the same treatments irritated the ocular surface, affected goblet cell density (GCD), and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (OSB) in the conjunctiva of the same dogs. PROCEDURES Experimental and masked comparison study. In 11 healthy dogs baseline values of the lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear breakup time (NI-TFBT), and the meibomian gland (MG) loss were assessed by OSAvet®. For each dog, one eye received 40 μL of BACKT, while the other received 40 μL FKT, every 12 h for 30 consecutive days. Tear parameters and meibography were repeated 15, 30, and 60 days post-treatments. Conjunctival hyperemia and blepharospasm were monitored at the same time points. At baseline and Day 30, a conjunctival biopsy was collected for GCD and OSB determination. RESULTS Conjunctival hyperemia and blepharospasm were not observed. At Day 15, the MG loss increased only in FKT-treated eyes (p < .001). On Day 30, both treatment groups showed increased MG loss, shortened NI-TFBT, and reduced GCD and catalase (p < .05). At Day 30, BACKT-treated eyes showed lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p = .006) and higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = .02). Differences between treatments were not observed for any parameter at any time point (p > .05). 60 days after treatment, OSAvet® parameters tended to return to values assessed at baseline; however, significant differences remained for MG loss (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Twice-daily instillation of KT, containing or not BAC, for 30 consecutive days shortened NI-TFBT, decreased GCD, and increased the MG loss in healthy dogs. KT should be used with caution when prescribed for long periods, particularly in patients with tear film abnormalities. However, future controlled studies using KT, BAC, and other topical NSAIDs are indicated to further support this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dábila Araújo Sonego
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca Eidt Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Whitfield-Cargile CM, Chung HC, Coleman MC, Cohen ND, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Ivanov I, Goldsby JS, Davidson LA, Gaynanova I, Ni Y, Chapkin RS. Integrated analysis of gut metabolome, microbiome, and exfoliome data in an equine model of intestinal injury. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:74. [PMID: 38622632 PMCID: PMC11017594 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equine gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been described in the context of various diseases. The observed changes, however, have not been linked to host function and therefore it remains unclear how specific changes in the microbiome alter cellular and molecular pathways within the GI tract. Further, non-invasive techniques to examine the host gene expression profile of the GI mucosa have been described in horses but not evaluated in response to interventions. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to (1) profile gene expression and metabolomic changes in an equine model of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced intestinal inflammation and (2) apply computational data integration methods to examine host-microbiota interactions. METHODS Twenty horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (n = 10): control (placebo paste) or NSAID (phenylbutazone 4.4 mg/kg orally once daily for 9 days). Fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 10 and analyzed with respect to microbiota (16S rDNA gene sequencing), metabolomic (untargeted metabolites), and host exfoliated cell transcriptomic (exfoliome) changes. Data were analyzed and integrated using a variety of computational techniques, and underlying regulatory mechanisms were inferred from features that were commonly identified by all computational approaches. RESULTS Phenylbutazone induced alterations in the microbiota, metabolome, and host transcriptome. Data integration identified correlation of specific bacterial genera with expression of several genes and metabolites that were linked to oxidative stress. Concomitant microbiota and metabolite changes resulted in the initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response within the intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Results of integrative analysis identified an important role for oxidative stress, and subsequent cell signaling responses, in a large animal model of GI inflammation. The computational approaches for combining non-invasive platforms for unbiased assessment of host GI responses (e.g., exfoliomics) with metabolomic and microbiota changes have broad application for the field of gastroenterology. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Whitfield-Cargile
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - H C Chung
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Mathematics & Statistics Department, College of Science, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A M Chamoun-Emanuelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - L A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Gaynanova
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y Ni
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fatima R, Prasher P, Sharma M, Singh SK, Gupta G, Dua K. The contemplation of amylose for the delivery of ulcerogenic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:791-809. [PMID: 38573051 PMCID: PMC11221539 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2024-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript proposes an innovative approach to mitigate the gastrointestinal adversities linked with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by exploiting amylose as a novel drug delivery carrier. The intrinsic attributes of V-amylose, such as its structural uniqueness, biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as its capacity to form inclusion complexes with diverse drug molecules, are meticulously explored. Through a comprehensive physicochemical analysis of V-amylose and ulcerogenic NSAIDs, the plausibility of amylose as a protective carrier for ulcerogenic NSAIDs to gastrointestinal regions is elucidated. This review further discusses the potential therapeutic advantages of amylose-based drug delivery systems in the management of gastric ulcers. By providing controlled release kinetics and enhanced bioavailability, these systems offer promising prospects for the development of more effective ulcer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Birdane YO, Atik H, Atik O, Aslan R. Mandarin peel ethanolic extract attenuates diclofenac sodium induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:180-190. [PMID: 36541068 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2158848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) constitute approximately one-third of the global pharmaceutical market and are the first drugs of choice when treating fever and pain. Furthermore, among NSAIDs, the use of diclofenac sodium (DS) is preferred as it is a strong inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzyme. However, despite its strong efficacy, DS is known for its potential to cause hepatorenal damage. Currently, to mitigate the adverse effects of certain drugs, medically effective agricultural products are often preferred as they are inexpensive, effective and safe. One such agricultural product-mandarin-is noteworthy for its high phenolic contents. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of mandarin peel ethanolic extract (MPEE) in protecting against hepatorenal damage induced by DS. Four groups (six/group) of adult male albino rats received oral administration of physiological saline (control group), DS (10 mg/kg body weight), MPEE (200 mg/kg body weight), and DS + MPEE for 7 days. Rats in the DS group showed increased serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, CRE, and UA. Furthermore, the hepatic and renal tissue levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β increased, whereas those of GSH, SOD, GP-x and IL-10 decreased (p < 0.05). Investigation of MPEE in terms of its effects on biochemical, oxidative and inflammatory parameters, it exerted protective and healing effects. Therefore, MPEE can be used to ameliorate DS-induced hepatorenal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Osman Birdane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Hülya Atik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Orkun Atik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Recep Aslan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Çömez M, Cellat M, Kuzu M, Uyar A, Türk E, Kaya YS, Etyemez M, Gökçek İ, Güvenç M. The effect of tyrosol on diclofenac sodium-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23582. [PMID: 37975510 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Although diclofenac (DCF) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is considered safe, its chronic use and overdose may show some toxic effects. The protective effect of tyrosol (Tyr) pretreatment against DCF-induced renal damage was investigated in this study. The 32 rats used in the study were randomly divided into four groups of eight rats each. According to the data obtained, it was determined that creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increased in serum samples of the DCF group. Besides, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity decreased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased in the kidney tissue. However, no change was observed in catalase (CAT) activity. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α) levels increased and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) levels decreased. No change was detected in the level of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). When the DCF+Tyr group and the DCF group were compared, it was assessed that Tyr had a curative effect on all biochemical parameters. Also, kidney damages, such as degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelium and congestion of veins, were obviated by treatment with tyrosol in histopathological examinations. It was determined that Tyr pretreatment provided a protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by DCF with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Çömez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Müslüm Kuzu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uyar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Türk
- Department of Pharmocology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Selim Kaya
- Ministry of Health, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Department of Urology, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Etyemez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Burdur, Turkey
| | - İshak Gökçek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güvenç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Darijani MH, Aminzadeh A, Rahimi HR, Mandegary A, Heidari MR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Jafari E. Evaluating the protective effect of metformin against diclofenac-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage: In vitro and in vivo studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 685:149168. [PMID: 37907013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DIC) is one of the most commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and has been shown to cause oxidative stress and liver injury. The current study investigated protective effects of metformin against DIC-induced hepatic toxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models. For the in vitro study, HepG2 cells were exposed to DIC in the presence or absence of metformin. The effect of metformin on cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol molecules (TTM), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) were assessed. For the in vivo study, thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. These groups were normal saline, metformin (200 mg/kg), DIC (50 mg/kg/day), DIC + metformin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day). Histopathological studies and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, direct and total bilirubin were measured. Also, oxidative stress parameters were assessed in liver tissue. Furthermore, expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-1, -3, and -4, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, and -3 was examined using the real-time PCR method in hepatic tissue. In the in vitro study, metformin significantly prevented DIC-induced loss in cell viability in HepG2 cells. Metformin markedly reduced DIC-induced elevation of MDA levels and increased the TAC and TTM levels. In the in vivo study, metformin significantly prevented DIC-induced changes in hematological and histological markers. Administration of metformin significantly improved oxidative stress parameters in liver tissue. In addition, metformin increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Our results suggest that metformin exerts a significant protective effect against DIC-induced hepatic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Darijani
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stavely R, Ott LC, Rashidi N, Sakkal S, Nurgali K. The Oxidative Stress and Nervous Distress Connection in Gastrointestinal Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1586. [PMID: 38002268 PMCID: PMC10669114 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a central player in a range of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, as well as complications stemming from therapeutic interventions. This article presents an overview of the mechanisms of oxidative stress in GI conditions and highlights a link between oxidative insult and disruption to the enteric nervous system (ENS), which controls GI functions. The dysfunction of the ENS is characteristic of a spectrum of disorders, including neurointestinal diseases and conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diabetic gastroparesis, and chemotherapy-induced GI side effects. Neurons in the ENS, while essential for normal gut function, appear particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Mechanistically, oxidative stress in enteric neurons can result from intrinsic nitrosative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, or inflammation-related pathways. Although antioxidant-based therapies have shown limited efficacy, recognizing the multifaceted role of oxidative stress in GI diseases offers a promising avenue for future interventions. This comprehensive review summarizes the literature to date implicating oxidative stress as a critical player in the pathophysiology of GI disorders, with a focus on its role in ENS injury and dysfunction, and highlights opportunities for the development of targeted therapeutics for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Stavely
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leah C. Ott
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Naya Y, Hata N, Kobayash M, Thuyuki M, Koyama Y, Ogihara K. Pathological study of proximal tubule mitochondria in diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury model mice. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102188. [PMID: 37567074 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, reportedly targets mitochondria and induces nephrotoxicity via reactive oxygen species. However, there are few detailed reports of pathological analyses of mitochondria and the factors that cause acute kidney injury (AKI) as a result of nephrotoxicity. In this study, we investigated mitochondrial damage in the proximal tubule in AKI mice at 6, 12, and 24 h after administration of diclofenac. Statistical analysis of immunohistochemistry results confirmed that expression of p62 and LC3, which is associated with autophagy, reached a maximum level in the degenerated proximal renal tubule 12 h after diclofenac treatment, with high autophagy activity. Electron microscopy images provided clear evidence that confirmed mitochondrial degeneration and injury as well as autophagy (mitophagy) in mitochondria treated with diclofenac. The purpose of this study was to pathologically characterize both mitochondrial damage in the proximal renal tubules induced by diclofenac and the course of mitophagy to remove the damaged mitochondria. This report provides important information regarding mitochondrial damage in the proximal tubules in diclofenac-induced nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Naya
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hata
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Miyu Kobayash
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Momoka Thuyuki
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koyama
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kikumi Ogihara
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baranov DS, Kashnik AS, Atnyukova AN, Dzuba SA. Spin-Labeled Diclofenac: Synthesis and Interaction with Lipid Membranes. Molecules 2023; 28:5991. [PMID: 37630243 PMCID: PMC10458756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) from the group of phenylacetic acid derivatives, which has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. The interaction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with cell membranes can affect their physicochemical properties, which, in turn, can cause a number of side effects in the use of these drugs. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy could be used to study the interaction of diclofenac with a membrane, if its spin-labeled analogs existed. This paper describes the synthesis of spin-labeled diclofenac (diclofenac-SL), which consists of a simple sequence of transformations such as iodination, esterification, Sonogashira cross-coupling, oxidation and saponification. EPR spectra showed that diclofenac-SL binds to a lipid membrane composed of palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). 2H electron spin echo spectroscopy (ESEEM) was used to determine the position of the diclofenac-SL relative to the membrane surface. It was established that its average depth of immersion corresponds to the 5th position of the carbon atom in the lipid chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Baranov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.S.B.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Anna S. Kashnik
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.S.B.); (A.S.K.)
| | | | - Sergei A. Dzuba
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.S.B.); (A.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bedir Z, Ozkaloglu K, Can A, Cicek B, Gulaboglu M, Suleyman Z, Gursul C, Mokhtare B, Ozcicek F, Suleyman H. Effect of Thiamine Pyrophosphate upon Possible Metamizole-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2023. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2023.139.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
11
|
Anwar MM, Laila IMI. Mitigative effect of caffeine against diclofenac-induced hepato-renal damage and chromosomal aberrations in male albino rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:327. [PMID: 36482339 PMCID: PMC9732991 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the most commonly consumed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is Diclofenac (Dic), especially in low-income countries due to its high efficiency and affordable price. However, the continuous administration of Diclofenac may induce toxic effects on various body organs including the liver and kidney. Caffeine (Caf) (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a pharmacologically active alkaloid type with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. AIM The current study aims to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Caffeine against Dic-induced hepato-renal toxicity and damage. METHODS Twenty-four male albino rats type were assigned randomly into four groups (n = 6): (Group 1): Control group, (Group 2): Six male rats were exposed to Dic 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally (I.P) for 28 days, (Group 3): Six male rats were exposed to Caf (15 mg/kg orally) for 28 days; (Groups 4): Six male rats were exposed to Dic (10 mg/kg, i.p) + Caf (15 mg/kg, orally) for 28 days. Histopathological study and various biological parameters were estimated among the four groups including hemoglobin (Hb%) red blood cells (RBCs), Hematocrit (HT%), total leucocyte count (WBCs), lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO). RESULTS The administration of Diclofenac resulted in significant deteriorations in the histopathological findings and estimated biological parameters. Whereas, daily Caffeine administration ameliorated Diclofenac-induced toxicity in the kidney and liver by three mechanisms including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and DNA damage inhibition. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated the promising ameliorative and protective effects of Caffeine against Diclofenac-induced hepatic and renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai M. Anwar
- grid.419698.bDepartment of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt ,grid.419698.bNational Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M. Ibrahim Laila
- grid.419698.bDepartment of Biotechnology & Molecular drug evaluation, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pendse S, Kale V, Vaidya A. The Intercellular Communication Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells Critically Depends on NF-κB Signalling in the Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2458-2473. [PMID: 35347654 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) regulate the fate of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through both cell-cell interactions and paracrine mechanisms involving multiple signalling pathways. We have previously shown that co-culturing of HSCs with CoCl2-treated MSCs expands functional HSCs. While performing these experiments, we had observed that the growth of CoCl2-treated MSCs was significantly stunted. Here, we show that CoCl2-treated MSCs possess activated NF-κB signalling pathway, and its pharmacological inhibition significantly relieves their growth arrest. Most interestingly, we found that pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB pathway in both control and CoCl2-treated MSCs completely blocks their intercellular communication with the co-cultured hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), resulting in an extremely poor output of hematopoietic cells. Mechanistically, we show that this is due to the down-regulation of adhesion molecules and various HSC-supportive factors in the MSCs. This loss of physical interaction with HSPCs could be partially restored by treating the MSCs with calcium ionophore or calmodulin, suggesting that NF-κB regulates intracellular calcium flux in the MSCs. Importantly, the HSPCs co-cultured with NF-κB-inhibited-MSCs were in a quiescent state, which could be rescued by re-culturing them with untreated MSCs. Our data underscore a critical requirement of NF-κB signalling in the MSCs in intercellular communication between HSCs and MSCs for effective hematopoiesis to occur ex vivo. Our data raises a cautionary note against excessive use of anti-inflammatory drugs targeting NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalmali Pendse
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India.
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Munir F, Javaid HW, Rana MBM, Shaukat F. Ceftriaxone-Induced Reversible Agranulocytosis: A Case Report and Review of Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis. Cureus 2022; 14:e23226. [PMID: 35449634 PMCID: PMC9012477 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the modern era of medicine, agranulocytosis is a rare occurrence. Despite significant improvement in patient survival, it still carries significant mortality. Agranulocytosis is most commonly caused by chemotherapeutic agents and numerous non-chemo drugs. As it can develop anytime during treatment and patients can remain asymptomatic, frequent cell count monitoring is an essential tool to make a timely diagnosis. An appropriate drug switch, work up to rule out infection and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injection in high-risk cases is the management. The patient should be kept under observation till the resolution of agranulocytosis. We present a case of ceftriaxone-induced agranulocytosis which was completely reversible upon stoppage of drug and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration. The pathogenesis of ceftriaxone-induced agranulocytosis is unknown. It is suggested to occur either by an immunologic mechanism or because of direct drug toxicity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chirumbolo S. Antioxidants associated with NSAIDs might even exacerbate the progress of SARS-CoV2 disease. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1264-1266. [PMID: 34783054 PMCID: PMC8661615 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schleiff MA, Crosby S, Blue M, Schleiff BM, Boysen G, Miller GP. CYP2C9 and 3A4 play opposing roles in bioactivation and detoxification of diphenylamine NSAIDs. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114824. [PMID: 34748821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diphenylamine NSAIDs are taken frequently for chronic pain conditions, yet their use may potentiate hepatotoxicity risks through poorly characterized metabolic mechanisms. Our previous work revealed that seven marketed or withdrawn diphenylamine NSAIDs undergo bioactivation into quinone-species metabolites, whose reaction specificities depended on halogenation and the type of acidic group on the diphenylamine. Herein, we identified cytochromes P450 responsible for those bioactivations, determined reaction specificities, and estimated relative contributions of enzymes to overall hepatic bioactivations and detoxifications. A qualitative activity screen revealed CYP2C8, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 played roles in drug bioactivation. Subsequent steady-state studies with recombinant CYPs recapitulated the importance of halogenation and acidic group type on bioactivations but importantly, showed patterns unique to each CYP. CYP2C9, 2C19 and 3A4 bioactivated all NSAIDs with CYP2C9 dominating all possible bioactivation pathways. For each CYP, specificities for overall oxidative metabolism were not impacted significantly by differences in NSAID structures but the values themselves differed among the enzymes such that CYP2C9 and 3A4 were more efficient than others. When considering hepatic CYP abundance, CYP2C9 almost exclusively accounted for diphenylamine NSAID bioactivations, whereas CYP3A4 provided a critical counterbalance favoring their overall detoxification. Preference for either outcome would depend on molecular structures favoring metabolism by the CYPs as well as the influence of clinical factors altering their expression and/or activity. While focused on NSAIDs, these findings have broader implications on bioactivation risks given the expansion of the diphenylamine scaffold to other drug classes such as targeted cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alexandra Schleiff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Samantha Crosby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Madison Blue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Benjamin Mark Schleiff
- Independent Researcher, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Gunnar Boysen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Grover Paul Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ajima MNO, Kumar K, Poojary N, Pandey PK. Sublethal diclofenac induced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, molecular responses and alters energy metabolism proteins in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44494-44504. [PMID: 33855662 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reports have shown that residues of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites can pose toxicological threats to organisms living in aquatic ecosystem. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was exposed at 0.17, 0.34, and 0.68 mg L-1 of diclofenac up to 60 days in a renewal static bioassay system. Antioxidant enzymes reactions, molecular responses, activities of energy metabolism proteins, and the neurotoxic potentials of the drug in the brain and fish muscle were evaluated. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and also fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl were elevated, while glutathione peroxidase, total reduced glutathione, and acetylcholinesterase in the brain and muscles of the treated groups were significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent association. Expression of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), and heat shock proteins (hsp 70) genes in brain and muscle tissues was up-regulated. Continuous treatment with sublethal diclofenac for a long time can induce oxidative imbalance, cause neurotoxicity, and alter the expression of genes related to stress in Nile tilapia, suggesting the use of these biomarkers in monitoring the adverse effects the pharmaceuticals could cause to organisms in aquatic ecosystem for possible mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malachy N O Ajima
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod K Pandey
- College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University, Agartala, Tripura, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khojasteh SC, Argikar UA, Driscoll JP, Heck CJS, King L, Jackson KD, Jian W, Kalgutkar AS, Miller GP, Kramlinger V, Rietjens IMCM, Teitelbaum AM, Wang K, Wei C. Novel advances in biotransformation and bioactivation research - 2020 year in review. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:384-433. [PMID: 33910427 PMCID: PMC8826528 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1916028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This annual review is the sixth of its kind since 2016 (see references). Our objective is to explore and share articles which we deem influential and significant in the field of biotransformation and bioactivation. These fields are constantly evolving with new molecular structures and discoveries of corresponding pathways for metabolism that impact relevant drug development with respect to efficacy and safety. Based on the selected articles, we created three sections: (1) drug design, (2) metabolites and drug metabolizing enzymes, and (3) bioactivation and safety (Table 1). Unlike in years past, more biotransformation experts have joined and contributed to this effort while striving to maintain a balance of authors from academic and industry settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James P Driscoll
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, MyoKardia, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carley J S Heck
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Lloyd King
- Department of DMPK, UCB Biopharma, Slough, UK
| | - Klarissa D Jackson
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wenying Jian
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grover P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Valerie Kramlinger
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Aaron M Teitelbaum
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schleiff MA, Payakachat S, Schleiff BM, Swamidass SJ, Boysen G, Miller GP. Impacts of diphenylamine NSAID halogenation on bioactivation risks. Toxicology 2021; 458:152832. [PMID: 34107285 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diphenylamine NSAIDs are highly prescribed therapeutics for chronic pain despite causing symptomatic hepatotoxicity through mitochondrial damage in five percent of patients taking them. Differences in toxicity are attributed to structural modifications to the diphenylamine scaffold rather than its inherent toxicity. We hypothesize that marketed diphenylamine NSAID substituents affect preference and efficiency of bioactivation pathways and clearance. We parsed the FDA DILIrank hepatotoxicity database and modeled marketed drug bioactivation into quinone-species metabolites to identify a family of seven clinically relevant diphenylamine NSAIDs. These drugs fell into two subgroups, i.e., acetic acid and propionic acid diphenylamines, varying in hepatotoxicity risks and modeled bioactivation propensities. We carried out steady-state kinetic studies to assess bioactivation pathways by trapping quinone-species metabolites with dansyl glutathione. Analysis of the glutathione adducts by mass spectrometry characterized structures while dansyl fluorescence provided quantitative yields for their formation. Resulting kinetics identified four possible bioactivation pathways among the drugs, but reaction preference and efficiency depended upon structural modifications to the diphenylamine scaffold. Strikingly, diphenylamine dihalogenation promotes formation of quinone metabolites through four distinct metabolic pathways with high efficiency, whereas those without aromatic halogen atoms were metabolized less efficiently through two or fewer metabolic pathways. Overall metabolism of the drugs was comparable with bioactivation accounting for 4-13% of clearance. Lastly, we calculated daily bioload exposure of quinone-species metabolites based on bioactivation efficiency, bioavailability, and maximal daily dose. The results revealed stratification into the two subgroups; propionic acid diphenylamines had an average four-fold greater daily bioload compared to acetic acid diphenylamines. However, the lack of sufficient study on the hepatotoxicity for all drugs prevents further correlative analyses. These findings provide critical insights on the impact of diphenylamine bioactivation as a precursor to hepatotoxicity and thus, provide a foundation for better risk assessment in drug discovery and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alexandra Schleiff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Sasin Payakachat
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | | | - S Joshua Swamidass
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Gunnar Boysen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Grover Paul Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heidarian E, Nouri A. Hepatoprotective effects of silymarin against diclofenac-induced liver toxicity in male rats based on biochemical parameters and histological study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:112-118. [PMID: 31165636 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1620785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DIC) is a phenyl acetic acid derivative which is well known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory. In our study, the rats were divided into four groups. Group 1, control group; Group 2 received DIC-only; Groups 3 and 4 received DIC plus silymarin. The results showed that levels of CAT, SOD, GPx and GSH significantly reduced and levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, nitrite content, MDA, serum TNF-α and TNF-α gene expression were significantly elevated in second group compared to control group. In other hand, treatment with silymarin resulted in a significant elevation in CAT, SOD, GPx, GSH and a significant reduction in MDA, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, nitrite content, serum TNF-α, and gene expression of TNF-α in comparison with second group. Histopathological injuries were also improved by silymarin administration. The results confirm that silymarin has a protective effect on DIC-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress in male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Nouri
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hastings KL, Green MD, Gao B, Ganey PE, Roth RA, Burleson GR. Beyond Metabolism: Role of the Immune System in Hepatic Toxicity. Int J Toxicol 2021; 39:151-164. [PMID: 32174281 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819898399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is primarily thought of as a metabolic organ; however, the liver is also an important mediator of immunological functions. Key perspectives on this emerging topic were presented in a symposium at the 2018 annual meeting of the American College of Toxicology entitled "Beyond metabolism: Role of the immune system in hepatic toxicity." Viral hepatitis is an important disease of the liver for which insufficient preventive vaccines exist. Host immune responses inadequately clear these viruses and often potentiate immunological inflammation that damages the liver. In addition, the liver is a key innate immune organ against bacterial infection. Hepatocytes and immune cells cooperatively control systemic and local bacterial infections. Conversely, bacterial infection can activate multiple types of immune cells and pathways to cause hepatocyte damage and liver injury. Finally, the immune system and specifically cytokines and drugs can interact in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. This rare disease can result in a disease spectrum that ranges from mild to acute liver failure. The immune system plays a role in this disease spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia E Ganey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gary R Burleson
- BRT-Burleson Research Technologies, Inc, Morrisville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abdullah, Khan MA, Ahmad W, Ahmad M, Adhikari A, Ibrar M, Rehman MU, Asif M. Antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1796-1807. [PMID: 33557649 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1880427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew is in folk use in Pakistan as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and liver ailments. Therefore, we have investigated antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of the isolated compounds (ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid) from the chloroform fraction of Z. oxyphylla. Ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid showed significant DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activity as compared to control. In the acute toxicity study, ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid showed no toxic effects upto 200 mg/kg. The antinociceptive activity shown by ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid at 50 mg/kg was 64.28% and 65.35% compared to diclofenac sodium (72.3%) at 50 mg/kg. The percent inhibition of xylene-induced ear edema exhibited by ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid at 50 mg/kg was 51.33% and 58.66%, respectively, as compared to diclofenac sodium (72.66%). Both the isolated compounds exhibited inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema as compared to control. Hepatoprotection exhibited by zizybrenalic acid was more pronounced than ceanothic acid as observed from the decrease in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced elevation of serum biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, zizybrenalic acid produced a marked decline in CCl4-induced prolongation of phenobarbital-induced sleeping duration. Zizybrenalic acid exhibited 55.4 ± 1.37% inhibition of hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis compared to sodium salicylate (75.6 ± 2.15%). The histopathological damage caused by CCl4 was also countered by the administration of ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid. Ceanothic acid and zizybrenalic acid exhibited antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. Zizybrenalic acid exhibited better antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activity than ceanothic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Mir Azam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Muhammad Ibrar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Statistics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Elshopakey GE, Elazab ST. Cinnamon Aqueous Extract Attenuates Diclofenac Sodium and Oxytetracycline Mediated Hepato-Renal Toxicity and Modulates Oxidative Stress, Cell Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Male Albino Rats. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8010009. [PMID: 33418920 PMCID: PMC7825122 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among commonly consumed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs are diclofenac sodium (DFS) and oxytetracycline (OTC), especially in developing countries because they are highly effective and cheap. However, the concomitant administration of anti-inflammatory drugs with antibiotics may exaggerate massive toxic effects on many organs. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cin) is considered one of the most broadly utilized plants with various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of cinnamon aqueous extract (Cin) against DFS and OTC hepato-renal toxicity. Eight groups (8/group) of adult male albino rats were treated orally for 15 days with physiological saline (control), Cin aqueous extract (300 mg/kg b.w.), OTC (200 mg/kg b.w.), single dose of DFS at the 14th day (100 mg/kg b.w.), DFS + OTC, Cin + DFS, Cin + OTC, and Cin + DFS + OTC. The administration of DFS and/or OTC significantly increased (p < 0.05) the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as hepatic and renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolites, were also raised following DFS and OTC administration. Meanwhile, the activities of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in liver and kidney were significantly suppressed in DFS, OTC, and DFS + OTC treated rats. Moreover, hepatic and renal tissue sections from these rats exhibited overexpression of caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-II on immunohistochemical investigation. The administration of Cin aqueous extract ameliorated the aforementioned deteriorations caused by DFS, OTC, and their combination. Conclusively, Cin is a promising protective plant extract capable of attenuating the oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation induced by DFS and OTC either alone or combined, on hepatic and renal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-102-392-3945
| | - Sara T. Elazab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; or
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ogiso T, Fukami T, Zhongzhe C, Konishi K, Nakano M, Nakajima M. Human superoxide dismutase 1 attenuates quinoneimine metabolite formation from mefenamic acid. Toxicology 2020; 448:152648. [PMID: 33259822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mefenamic acid (MFA), one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), sometimes causes liver injury. Quinoneimines formed by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated oxidation of MFA are considered to be causal metabolites of the toxicity and are detoxified by glutathione conjugation. A previous study reported that NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) can reduce the quinoneimines, but NQO1 is scarcely expressed in the human liver. The purpose is to identify enzyme(s) responsible for the decrease in MFA-quinoneimine formation in the human liver. The formation of MFA-quinoneimine by recombinant CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 was significantly decreased by the addition of human liver cytosol, and the extent of the decrease in the metabolite formed by CYP1A2 was larger than that by CYP2C9. By column chromatography, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) was identified from the human liver cytosol as an enzyme decreasing MFA-quinoneimine formation. Addition of recombinant SOD1 into the reaction mixture decreased the formation of MFA-quinoneimine from MFA by recombinant CYP1A2. By a structure-activity relationship study, we found that SOD1 decreased the formation of quinoneimines from flufenamic acid and tolfenamic acid, but did not affect those produced from acetaminophen, amodiaquine, diclofenac, and lapatinib. Thus, SOD1 may selectively decrease the quinoneimine formation from fenamate-class NSAIDs. To examine whether SOD1 can attenuate cytotoxicity caused by MFA, siRNA for SOD1 was transfected into CYP1A2-overexpressed HepG2 cells. The leakage of lactate dehydrogenase caused by MFA treatment was significantly increased by knockdown of SOD1. In conclusion, we found that SOD1 can serve as a detoxification enzyme for quinoneimines to protect from drug-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Ogiso
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Cheng Zhongzhe
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Konishi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schleiff MA, Flynn NR, Payakachat S, Schleiff BM, Pinson AO, Province DW, Swamidass SJ, Boysen G, Miller GP. Significance of Multiple Bioactivation Pathways for Meclofenamate as Revealed through Modeling and Reaction Kinetics. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 49:133-141. [PMID: 33239334 PMCID: PMC7841419 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Meclofenamate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of mild-to-moderate pain yet poses a rare risk of hepatotoxicity through an unknown mechanism. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) bioactivation is a common molecular initiating event for hepatotoxicity. Thus, we hypothesized a similar mechanism for meclofenamate and leveraged computational and experimental approaches to identify and characterize its bioactivation. Analyses employing our XenoNet model indicated possible pathways to meclofenamate bioactivation into 19 reactive metabolites subsequently trapped into glutathione adducts. We describe the first reported bioactivation kinetics for meclofenamate and relative importance of those pathways using human liver microsomes. The findings validated only four of the many bioactivation pathways predicted by modeling. For experimental studies, dansyl glutathione was a critical trap for reactive quinone metabolites and provided a way to characterize adduct structures by mass spectrometry and quantitate yields during reactions. Of the four quinone adducts, we were able to characterize structures for three of them. Based on kinetics, the most efficient bioactivation pathway led to the monohydroxy para-quinone-imine followed by the dechloro-ortho-quinone-imine. Two very inefficient pathways led to the dihydroxy ortho-quinone and a likely multiply adducted quinone. When taken together, bioactivation pathways for meclofenamate accounted for approximately 13% of total metabolism. In sum, XenoNet facilitated prediction of reactive metabolite structures, whereas quantitative experimental studies provided a tractable approach to validate actual bioactivation pathways for meclofenamate. Our results provide a foundation for assessing reactive metabolite load more accurately for future comparative studies with other NSAIDs and drugs in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Alexandra Schleiff
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.S, G.P.M.) and Environmental and Occupational Health (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona (M.A.S.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (N.R.F., S.J.S.); Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arizona (S.P.); and Independent Researcher (B.M.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.O.P., D.W.P.), Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Noah R Flynn
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.S, G.P.M.) and Environmental and Occupational Health (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona (M.A.S.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (N.R.F., S.J.S.); Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arizona (S.P.); and Independent Researcher (B.M.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.O.P., D.W.P.), Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Sasin Payakachat
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.S, G.P.M.) and Environmental and Occupational Health (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona (M.A.S.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (N.R.F., S.J.S.); Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arizona (S.P.); and Independent Researcher (B.M.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.O.P., D.W.P.), Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Benjamin Mark Schleiff
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.S, G.P.M.) and Environmental and Occupational Health (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona (M.A.S.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (N.R.F., S.J.S.); Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arizona (S.P.); and Independent Researcher (B.M.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.O.P., D.W.P.), Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Anna O Pinson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.S, G.P.M.) and Environmental and Occupational Health (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona (M.A.S.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (N.R.F., S.J.S.); Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arizona (S.P.); and Independent Researcher (B.M.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.O.P., D.W.P.), Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Dennis W Province
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.S, G.P.M.) and Environmental and Occupational Health (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona (M.A.S.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (N.R.F., S.J.S.); Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arizona (S.P.); and Independent Researcher (B.M.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.O.P., D.W.P.), Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - S Joshua Swamidass
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.S, G.P.M.) and Environmental and Occupational Health (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona (M.A.S.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (N.R.F., S.J.S.); Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arizona (S.P.); and Independent Researcher (B.M.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.O.P., D.W.P.), Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Gunnar Boysen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.S, G.P.M.) and Environmental and Occupational Health (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona (M.A.S.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (N.R.F., S.J.S.); Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arizona (S.P.); and Independent Researcher (B.M.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.O.P., D.W.P.), Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| | - Grover P Miller
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.A.S, G.P.M.) and Environmental and Occupational Health (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arizona (M.A.S.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (N.R.F., S.J.S.); Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, Arizona (S.P.); and Independent Researcher (B.M.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (A.O.P., D.W.P.), Harding University, Searcy, Arkansas
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alkimin GD, Soares AMVM, Barata C, Nunes B. Can salicylic acid modulate biochemical, physiological and population alterations in a macrophyte species under chemical stress by diclofenac? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139715. [PMID: 32534307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a pharmaceutical drug that may exert toxic effects by its own; however, simultaneous exposure of plants to SA and to other substances, often results in the significant changes in the patterns of toxic response/resistance to these other sources of chemical stress. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the capacity of SA of modulating Lemna minor responses co-exposed to the pharmaceutical drug, diclofenac - DCF. To attain this objective, L. minor was exposed for 7 days, to DCF alone, and to combinations of DCF with SA. After exposure, biochemical, physiological and population endpoints were analyzed as follows: catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activities, pigments content (chlorophyll a (Chl a), b (Chl b) and total (TChl), carotenoids (Car) and [Chl a]/[Chl b] and [TChl]/[Car] ratios), and growth specific rate, fresh weight and root length. Single exposures to DCF were capable of causing effects in all analyzed endpoints. However, co-exposure of DCF with SA partially reverted these effects. Finally, we may suggest that SA is capable to prevent the toxicity of DCF in macrophytes, by modulating the toxic response of exposed plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G D Alkimin
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Nunes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nawaz H, Ali A, Rehman T, Aslam A. Chronological effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:1767-1778. [PMID: 33009599 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in reducing pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and other joint- and muscle-associated diseases. However, the extensive, long-term, and over the counter administration of NSAIDs may cause various side effects in the patients. In the present study, the chronological effect of NSAIDs on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied. METHODS The study included 100 female individuals categorized in four major groups: (1) control group consisting of age- and gender-matched healthy individuals, (2) NRA-NSAID individuals taking NSAIDs without any history of RA, (3) RA individuals with a history of RA but not taking NSAIDs, and (4) RA-NSAID individuals with chronic RA and taking NSAIDs for a long period. The sera of the participants were analyzed for the oxidative stress and antioxidant status. RESULTS The RA-NSAID group showed the significantly highest oxidative stress, in terms of malondialdehyde content and lipid-reducing ability as determined in thiocyanate and hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid systems. However, the free radical scavenging ability of the RA-NSAID group, against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, superoxide, and 2,2-azino-bis-tetrazolium sulfate radicals, was found to be lower than those of the other study groups. The regression analysis of the experimental data showed a significant positive relationship between duration of NSAID intake and malondialdehyde production, lipid-reducing ability, and metal chelating ability in the RA-NSAID patients. The free radical scavenging abilities of the RA-NSAID group were negatively correlated with the duration of NSAID intake. CONCLUSIONS The prolonged use of NSAIDs significantly increased the oxidative stress and decrease the antioxidant potential of both the RA patients and NRA individuals. The study provides awareness to the public particularly the RA patients regarding the risk of oxidative stress-associated abnormalities caused by the frequent and prolonged use of NSAIDs for temporary relief from pain. Key Points • The study presents the effects of long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on antioxidant status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. • The continuous administration of NSAIDs has been found to significantly increase the oxidative stress of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis as well as the individuals with no signs of rheumatoid arthritis. • The prolonged NSAID therapy also decreased the antioxidant potential of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis as well as the individuals with no signs of rheumatoid arthritis. • The study would be a significant and valuable contribution to the literature for the awareness regarding the use of NSAIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Tanzila Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Amna Aslam
- Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alkimin GD, Soares AMVM, Barata C, Nunes B. Evaluation of ketoprofen toxicity in two freshwater species: Effects on biochemical, physiological and population endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114993. [PMID: 32806449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the most used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ketoprofen (KTF) assumes an important position. Nevertheless, its ecotoxicological effects in non-target organisms are poorly characterized, despite its use and frequency of occurrence in aquatic matrices. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxicological effects of KTF contamination, in two freshwater species, Lemna minor and Daphnia magna, by measuring biochemical, physiological and population parameters. To attain this objective, both species were exposed to KTF at the same concentrations (0, 0.24, 1.2, 6 and 30 μg/L). L. minor plants were exposed during 4 d to these levels of KTF, and the enzymatic activity (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and carbonic anhydrase (CA)), and pigments content (chlorophylls a, b and total and carotenoids) were analyzed to evaluate the toxicity of this drug. D. magna was acutely and chronically exposed to KTF, and enzymatic activities (CAT, GSTs and cyclooxygenase (COX)), the feeding rates, and reproduction traits were assessed. In L.minor, KTF provoked alterations in all enzyme activities, however, it was not capable of causing any alteration in any pigment levels. On the other hand, KTF also provoked alterations in all enzymatic activities in D. magna, but did not affect feeding rates and life-history parameters. In conclusion, exposure to KTF, provoked biochemical alterations in both species. However, these alterations were not reflected into deleterious effects on physiological and populational traits of L. minor and D. magna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G D Alkimin
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Nunes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Akinrinde AS, Soetan KO, Tijani MO. Exacerbation of diclofenac-induced gastroenterohepatic damage by concomitant exposure to sodium fluoride in rats: protective role of luteolin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:999-1011. [PMID: 32757682 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1802478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NSAID-induced gastrointestinal toxicity is associated with non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated synthesis of prostaglandins. Fluoride salts, known to stimulate COX-2 synthesis, have also been associated with gastrointestinal damage. The effects of fluoride treatment on NSAID toxicity are, however, yet to be clarified. This study examined the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastroduodenal and hepatic toxicity in rats. In addition, the potential protective role of Luteolin (Lut), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid, in co-exposure to NaF and DIC was also investigated. Five groups of rats were treated thus: Group A (control): distilled water vehicle for 8 days; Group B: DIC (9 mg/kg) orally, twice daily from days 6 to 8; Group C: NaF (300 ppm) plus DIC for the final 3 days; Groups D and E: Luteolin at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, with concurrent NaF and DIC exposures. Rats co-treated with DIC and NaF exhibited the highest severity of dark watery diarrhea and gastroduodenal hemorrhages. NaF aggravated the DIC-induced increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), protein carbonyls (PC), H2O2, and nitric oxide, while inhibiting glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in all the tissues. In contrast, Luteolin treatment significantly attenuated the gastroduodenal and hepatic damage caused by NaF and DIC co-administration by suppressing oxidative damage and lesions in the tissues. These results show, for the first time, that NaF may enhance diclofenac-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and also suggest that Luteolin may be a promising lead for the treatment of drug-induced gastroenteropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinleye S Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde O Soetan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Monsuru O Tijani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rho-Kinase inhibitors ameliorate diclofenac-induced cardiotoxicity in chloroquine-treated adjuvant arthritic rats. Life Sci 2020; 254:117605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
30
|
Alabi QK, Akomolafe RO. Kolaviron Diminishes Diclofenac-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats Via Suppressing Inflammatory Events, Upregulating Antioxidant Defenses, and Improving Hematological Indices. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325819899256. [PMID: 32165871 PMCID: PMC7054740 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819899256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac (DF) is widely used in the treatment of pain and fever. Despite it
therapeutic benefits, it triggered hepatorenal injury. Thus, the present study
investigated the protective roles of kolaviron (KV) against DF-induced hepatic
and renal toxicity in rats. The rats were allotted into groups: control group
received propylene glycol and treatment groups received DF, which induced
hepatorenal toxicity in rats and different doses of KV that prevented systemic
toxicity of DF in rats. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, all the rats
were killed. Pro-inflammatory levels, markers of liver and kidney functions,
oxidative stress, hematological indices, and histopathological alterations were
evaluated. Diclofenac caused significant increase in the plasma levels of
creatinine and urea and activities of liver enzymes, including bilirubin level,
pro-inflammatory markers, and plasma prostaglandin E2
(PGE2). It also caused significant alteration in renal and
hepatic PGE2, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), and
hematological indices. These toxic effects were confirmed by histological
studies and levels of inflammatory infiltration (myeloperoxidase). However, KV
significantly prevented or reduced the adverse effects of DF in the plasma,
liver, and kidney of the rats pretreated with KV before DF administration. This
study showed the efficacy of KV as hepatic and renal protector in DF-induced
hepatorenal toxicity through reduction of oxidative stress and suppression of
inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quadri K Alabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Orabi SH, Abd Eldaium D, Hassan A, Sabagh HSE, Abd Eldaim MA. Allicin modulates diclofenac sodium induced hepatonephro toxicity in rats via reducing oxidative stress and caspase 3 protein expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:103306. [PMID: 31812117 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of allicin against diclofenac sodium induced hepatonephro toxicity in rats. METHODS Sixty male Wister albino rats were assigned into six groups. The control group received calcium carbonate and corn starch. 2nd group received diclofenac sodium (2 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days. 3rd group received allicin (45 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days. 4th group administrated diclofenac sodium as in the 2nd group and allicin (15 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days. 5th group received diclofenac sodium as in the 2nd group and allicin (30 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days. 6th group received diclofenac sodium as 2nd and allicin (45 mg/kg bw orally) for 30 days. RESULTS Diclofenac sodium significantly elevated activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and serum levels of creatinine and urea. In addition, it induced hyperglycemia, lipid peroxidation, pathological alteration and caspase 3 protein expression in hepatic and renal tissues. However, it decreased reduced glutathione concentration and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression in hepatic tissues. In contrast, allicin modulated the diclofenac sodium induced alteration in liver and kidney functions and structures dose dependently. CONCLUSION This study indicated that allicin had potential preventive effects against diclofenac sodium induced hepatonephro toxicity in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hassan Orabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Doaa Abd Eldaium
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saad El Sabagh
- Department of Toxicology and Fronsic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Sheben Elkom, Egypt; Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Evaluation of histophysiological alterations associated with ketoprofen administration in albino NMRI mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1033-1039. [PMID: 31907584 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes caused by the administration of ketoprofen to albino NMRI mice on some hematological, biochemical, and structural parameters. For this purpose, the mice were divided into two lots: a control batch and an experimental batch to which ketoprofen was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days. A decrease in erythrocyte number and hemoglobin was observed altogether with the increase in white blood cells. Blood biochemistry indicates increased blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Enzyme values (AST, ALT, and ALP) show a significant increase. Hepatic pathology reveals the enlargement of sinusoidal capillaries, the presence of leukocyte infiltrates associated with necrosis zones.
Collapse
|
33
|
Owumi SE, Dim UJ. Biochemical alterations in diclofenac-treated rats: Effect of selenium on oxidative stress, inflammation, and hematological changes. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847319874359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of selenium (Sel), a trace element in diclofenac sodium (DCF), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced hepatic and renal toxicities in adult rats. Five experimental groups namely control, DCF (10 mg/kg), Sel (0.125 mg/kg), DCF + Sel (0.125 mg/kg), and DCF + Sel (0.25 mg/kg) consisting of 10 rats each were orally treated for 7 consecutive days. Following killing, biomarkers of hepatic and renal toxicities, antioxidant enzyme levels, myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide levels, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Further, the concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and hematological indices: white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, and neutrophils and eosinophil counts. Results indicated that DCF-induced increases in biomarkers of hepatic and renal toxicity were significantly ( p < 0.05) lessened in serum of rats co-exposed to DCF and Sel in a dose-dependent manner. DCF mediated decrease in antioxidant status, and increases in RONS, LPO, and TNF-α levels were reduced ( p < 0.05) in the liver and kidney of rats co-exposed to DCF and Sel. Additionally, Sel reduced hematological abnormalities associated with DCF treatment. Light microscopic examination showed that the severity of histopathological lesions induced by DCF was lessened in rats co-exposed to DCF and Sel. Taken together, Sel supplementation mitigated DCF-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and hematological abnormalities in the liver and kidney of treated rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Uche J Dim
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shakibaie M, Forootanfar H, Ghaseminejad A, Salimi A, Ameri A, Doostmohammadi M, Jafari E, Rahimi H. Ondansetron enhanced diclofenac‐induced nephrotoxicity in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22378. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shakibaie
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of PharmacyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of PharmacyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Atoosa Ghaseminejad
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Azad Salimi
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Atefeh Ameri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Mohsen Doostmohammadi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of PharmacyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research CenterKerman University of Medical Science Kerman Iran
| | - Hamid‐Reza Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyKerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schüttler A, Altenburger R, Ammar M, Bader-Blukott M, Jakobs G, Knapp J, Krüger J, Reiche K, Wu GM, Busch W. Map and model-moving from observation to prediction in toxicogenomics. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz057. [PMID: 31140561 PMCID: PMC6539241 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals induce compound-specific changes in the transcriptome of an organism (toxicogenomic fingerprints). This provides potential insights about the cellular or physiological responses to chemical exposure and adverse effects, which is needed in assessment of chemical-related hazards or environmental health. In this regard, comparison or connection of different experiments becomes important when interpreting toxicogenomic experiments. Owing to lack of capturing response dynamics, comparability is often limited. In this study, we aim to overcome these constraints. RESULTS We developed an experimental design and bioinformatic analysis strategy to infer time- and concentration-resolved toxicogenomic fingerprints. We projected the fingerprints to a universal coordinate system (toxicogenomic universe) based on a self-organizing map of toxicogenomic data retrieved from public databases. Genes clustering together in regions of the map indicate functional relation due to co-expression under chemical exposure. To allow for quantitative description and extrapolation of the gene expression responses we developed a time- and concentration-dependent regression model. We applied the analysis strategy in a microarray case study exposing zebrafish embryos to 3 selected model compounds including 2 cyclooxygenase inhibitors. After identification of key responses in the transcriptome we could compare and characterize their association to developmental, toxicokinetic, and toxicodynamic processes using the parameter estimates for affected gene clusters. Furthermore, we discuss an association of toxicogenomic effects with measured internal concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The design and analysis pipeline described here could serve as a blueprint for creating comparable toxicogenomic fingerprints of chemicals. It integrates, aggregates, and models time- and concentration-resolved toxicogenomic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schüttler
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Ammar
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcella Bader-Blukott
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gianina Jakobs
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Knapp
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janet Krüger
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gi-Mick Wu
- DEVELOP, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ramezannezhad P, Nouri A, Heidarian E. Silymarin mitigates diclofenac-induced liver toxicity through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress in male rats. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2019.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diclofenac (DIC) is one of the compounds derived from acetic acid which isknown for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic attributes. Silymarin is a flavonoid compoundwhich is derivate from Silybum marianum seeds. This research was done to assess the protectiverole of silymarin against liver toxicity induced by DIC in male rats.Methods: Randomly, 40 male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups as follows: Group 1:control group, Group 2: DIC-only treated (50 mg/kg, i.p), Group 3: silymarin-only treated (200mg/kg, p.o); Groups 4 and 5: DIC (50 mg/kg, i.p) plus silymarin (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, p.o,respectively) treated. Various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were evaluatedin serum and tissue.Results: In the DIC-only treated group, the levels of liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxidedismutase (SOD), intracellular glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) significantly diminished andthe levels of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), nitrite, alanine aminotransferase (ALT),malondialdehyde (MDA), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and TNF-α gene expression were remarkably elevated relative to control animals. In otherhands, treatment with silymarin caused a noticeable elevation in GPx, SOD, GSH, CAT and aremarkable reduction in levels of total bilirubin, ALP, nitrite content, ALT, MDA, serum TNF-α,AST and TNF-α gene expression relative to DIC-only treated group. Histopathological injurieswere also improved by silymarin administration.Conclusion: The results confirm that silymarin has an ameliorative effect on liver toxicity inducedby DIC and oxidative stress in male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pantea Ramezannezhad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Nouri
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
A Molecular Biophysical Approach to Diclofenac Topical Gastrointestinal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113411. [PMID: 30384433 PMCID: PMC6275047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF), the most widely consumed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) worldwide, is associated with adverse typical effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) complications. The present study aims to better understand the topical toxicity induced by DCF using membrane models that mimic the physiological, biophysical, and chemical environments of GI mucosa segments. For this purpose, phospholipidic model systems that mimic the GI protective lining and lipid models of the inner mitochondrial membrane were used together with a wide set of techniques: derivative spectrophotometry to evaluate drug distribution at the membrane; steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence to predict drug location at the membrane; fluorescence anisotropy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and calcein leakage studies to evaluate the drug-induced disturbance on membrane microviscosity and permeability; and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies (SAXS and WAXS, respectively), to evaluate the effects of DCF at the membrane structure. Results demonstrated that DCF interacts chemically with the phospholipids of the GI protective barrier in a pH-dependent manner and confirmed the DCF location at the lipid headgroup region, as well as DCF’s higher distribution at mitochondrial membrane contact points where the impairment of biophysical properties is consistent with the uncoupling effects reported for this drug.
Collapse
|
38
|
Aycan İÖ, Elpek Ö, Akkaya B, Kıraç E, Tuzcu H, Kaya S, Coşkunfırat N, Aslan M. Diclofenac induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity is alleviated by thymoquinone treatment. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:795-804. [PMID: 29935248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether thymoquinone (TQ) could alleviate diclofenac (DCLF)-induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats. Diclofenac was administered via intramuscular injection twice daily for 5 days and TQ was given by gavage for the same period. Hematological and biochemical profiles were measured with autoanalyzers while reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assayed by standard kits. Tissue injuries were evaluated by microscopy and histopathological scoring. Diclofenac treatment caused kidney and liver function test abnormalities, reduced hematocrit and hemoglobin levels but increased WBC and platelet counts. Histopathological findings showed renal tubular damage, gastrointestinal lesions and increased fibrosis in DCLF treated rats. Thymoquinone administration, along with DCLF treatment, attenuated hematological test abnormalities and DCLF induced renal functional impairment as evident by significantly restored serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Similarly, TQ treatment significantly alleviated liver function test abnormalities and decreased tissue injury in the stomach and duodenum. Diclofenac treatment caused increased ROS/RNS formation and decreased TAC in the kidney, stomach and duodenal tissue. Thymoquinone administration increased gastrointestinal and renal TAC in DCLF treated rats. These results indicate that TQ could ameliorate gastrointestinal and renal toxicity induced by high dose DCLF treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İlker Öngüç Aycan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Bahar Akkaya
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Kıraç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Hazal Tuzcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Sabriye Kaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Nesil Coşkunfırat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
A Novel Role of Irbesartan in Gastroprotection against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats: Targeting DDAH/ADMA and EGFR/ERK Signaling. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29523851 PMCID: PMC5844881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) as intriguing gastroprotective candidates and the superior pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics displayed by irbesartan compared to many other ARBs raised the interest to investigate its gastroprotective potential in a rat model of gastric injury. Irbesartan (50 mg/Kg) was orally administered to male Wistar rats once daily for 14 days; thereafter gastric injury was induced by indomethacin (60 mg/Kg, p.o). Irbesartan reduced gastric ulcer index, gastric acidity, and ameliorated indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal apoptotic and inflammatory aberrations, as demonstrated by hampering caspase-3, prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression. This ARB increased mucosal dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) gene expression and decreased elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (pERK1/2). Histopathological evaluation corroborated biochemical findings. Overall efficacy of irbesartan was comparable to ranitidine, the widely used H2 receptor blocker. In conclusion, irbesartan exerts significant gastroprotection against indomethacin-induced mucosal damage via acid-inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and extracellular matrix remodeling mechanisms that are probably mediated, at least partly, by down-regulating DDAH/ADMA and EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling.
Collapse
|
40
|
Adeyemi WJ, Olayaki LA. Diclofenac - induced hepatotoxicity: Low dose of omega-3 fatty acids have more protective effects. Toxicol Rep 2017; 5:90-95. [PMID: 29854580 PMCID: PMC5977161 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium instigates pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory responses. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (N-3) boost the antioxidant system. Low dose of N-3 has more hepatoprotective effects than the high.
The global embrace of the Western dietary style has necessitated the need for supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (N-3) to redress the imbalance in omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids ratio. Therefore, the study investigated the effects of pre-treatment with N-3 in adult male Wistar rats exposed to diclofenac sodium (DF). Twenty adult male Wistar rats were used for this study. They were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each, which included: Group 1 - Normal control; Group 2 - DF control; Group 3 - Low N-3 + DF; and, Group 4 - High N-3 + DF. The rats in group 2 were administered DF (10 mg/kg b.w./day, im) during the last 7 days of the experiment, while the rats in groups 3 and 4 were pre-treated with N-3 at 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w./day, po respectively for 21 days, afterwards, they received DF at 10 mg/kg b.w./day (im) for 7 days. The result showed that DF significantly increased malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, and pro-inflammatory markers (total white blood cell count, uric acid, platelet/lymphocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios). Moreover, DF significantly elevated the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, but, significant reduced the total antioxidant capacity and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The histological results were parallel to the biochemical and haematological findings. Pre-treatment with N-3 significantly prevented the manifestation of the abnormalities brought about by DF. Although there were indications of the dose-dependent effects of N-3, the low dose was found to be more effective. In conclusion, the pre-administration of N-3, preferably at a low dose, could reduce hepatotoxicity that could result from subsequent exposure to DF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wale Johnson Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Alabi QK, Akomolafe RO, Olukiran OS, Adeyemi WJ, Nafiu AO, Adefisayo MA, Omole JG, Kajewole DI, Odujoko OO. The Garcinia kola biflavonoid kolaviron attenuates experimental hepatotoxicity induced by diclofenac. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:281-290. [PMID: 28822616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effects of kolaviron on diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 10 rats each as follows: a control group that received oral propylene glycol and treatment groups that received diclofenac alone, diclofenac followed by Livolin Forte (a reference drug), or diclofenac followed by kolaviron at three different doses. At the end of the study period, five rats per group were sacrificed under ketamine hydrochloride anesthetic, 24h after treatment, while the other 5 rats in the group were allowed to recover for 2 weeks before being sacrificed. Liver enzyme activities, total bilirubin levels, and the concentrations of several pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined using plasma samples, while liver tissue samples were used for antioxidant analysis and histopathological examination. Compared with the control group, plasma liver enzyme activities, along with bilirubin levels, were higher in the groups that received diclofenac alone or diclofenac+the highest dose of kolaviron, respectively. These groups had higher plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines than did the control group. However, the administration of Livolin Forte and kolaviron (at the lower doses) ameliorated diclofenac-induced hepatic injury by improving antioxidant status, preventing an increase in inflammatory mediators, decreasing malondialdehyde, and attenuating the adverse effect of diclofenac on hepatic tissues. In addition, there was a significant difference in the histological scores between the groups that received either diclofenac alone or diclofenac followed by the highest dose of kolaviron when compared with the other three groups (Livolin Forte or lower doses of kolaviron). In conclusion, kolaviron appears to be as effective as Livolin in attenuating DCLF-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. However, high doses of kolaviron seem to cause damage to the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quadri Kunle Alabi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Rufus Ojo Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa Sesan Olukiran
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Wale Johnson Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyat Olajumoke Nafiu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Modinat Adebukola Adefisayo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Gbenga Omole
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Deborah Ifeoluwa Kajewole
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwole Olaniyi Odujoko
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo, University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ahmed AY, Gad AM, El-Raouf OMA. Curcumin ameliorates diclofenac sodium-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmady Y. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research; NODCAR; Giza Egypt
| | - Amany M. Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research; NODCAR; Giza Egypt
| | - Ola M. Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research; NODCAR; Giza Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ahmed AY, Gad AM, El-Raouf OMA. Curcumin ameliorates diclofenac sodium-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28800174 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to drugs often results in toxicity in the kidney which represents the major control system maintaining homeostasis of the body and thus is especially susceptible to xenobiotics. Nephrotoxicity is a life-threatening side-effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Diclofenac is one of the most frequently prescribed NSAIDs and have been reported to cause multiple organs damage. Curcumin (CUR) exhibits nephroprotective properties. Therefore, rats were divided into four groups; rats of groups 3 and 4 received diclofenac (100 mg/kg, i.m.), whereas rats of groups 2 and 4 received CUR (100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 days. Diclofenac revealed a significant increase in urea and creatinine levels and malondialdehyde concentration and marked reduction in catalase activity and reduced glutathione concentration. Histopathologically, diclofenac produced fatty changes and eosinophilic casts were detected in the renal tubules, those were attenuated by administration of CUR prior diclofenac.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmady Y Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola M Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, NODCAR, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vančo J, Trávníček Z, Hošek J, Suchý P. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory active copper(II)-lawsone complexes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181822. [PMID: 28742852 PMCID: PMC5526570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a series of copper(II)-lawsone complexes of the general composition [Cu(Law)2(LN)x(H2O)(2-x)]·yH2O; where HLaw = 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, x = 1 when LN = pyridine (1) and 2-aminopyridine (3) and x = 2 when LN = imidazole (2), 3-aminopyridine (4), 4-aminopyridine (5), 3-hydroxypyridine (6), and 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (7). The compounds were thoroughly characterized by physical techniques, including single crystal X-ray analysis of complex 2. Some of the complexes showed the ability to suppress significantly the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) both by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF-alpha (complexes 3–7 at 100 nM level) in the similar manner as the reference drug prednisone (at 1 μM level). On the other hand, all the complexes 1–7 decreased significantly the levels of the secreted TNF-alpha after the LPS activation of THP-1 cells, thus showing the anti-inflammatory potential via both NF-κB moderation and by other mechanisms, such as influence on TNF-alpha transcription and/or translation and/or secretion. In addition, a strong intracellular pro-oxidative effect of all the complexes has been found at 100 nM dose in vitro. The ability to suppress the inflammatory response, caused by the subcutaneous application of λ-carrageenan, has been determined by in vivo testing in hind-paw edema model on rats. The most active complexes 1–3 (applied in a dose corresponding to 40 μmol Cu/kg), diminished the formation of edema simalarly as the reference drug indomethacine (applied in 10 mg/kg dose). The overall effect of the complexes, dominantly 1–3, shows similarity to anti-inflammatory drug benoxaprofen, known to induce intracellular pro-oxidative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Vančo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Hošek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry & Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Suchý
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Oda SS, Derbalah AE. Impact of Diclofenac Sodium on Tilmicosin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity in Rats (Tilmicosin and Diclofenac Cardiotoxicity). Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 18:63-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
46
|
Banipal TS, Kaur A, Banipal PK. Physicochemical aspects of the energetics of binding of sulphanilic acid with bovine serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 170:214-225. [PMID: 27450119 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic study of the binding of sulphanilic acid with model transport protein bovine serum albumin is a promising approach in the area of synthesizing new sulfa drugs with improved therapeutic effect. Thus, such binding studies play an important role in the rational drug design process. The binding between sulphanilic acid and bovine serum albumin has been studied using calorimetry, light scattering in combination with spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The calorimetric data reveals the presence of two sequential nature of binding sites where the first binding site has stronger affinity (~10(4)M(-1)) and second binding site has weaker affinity (~10(3)M(-1)). However, the spectroscopic (absorption and fluorescence) results suggest the presence of single low affinity binding site (~10(3)M(-1)) on protein. The contribution of polar and non-polar interactions to the binding process has been explored in the presence of various additives. It is found that sulphanilic acid binds with high affinity at Sudlow site II and with low affinity at Sudlow site I of protein. Light scattering and circular dichroism measurements have been used to study the effect on the molecular topology and conformation of protein, respectively. Thus these studies provide important insights into the binding of sulphanilic acid with bovine serum albumin both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarlok S Banipal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Parampaul K Banipal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Huang J, Nguyen V, Tang X, Wei J, Lin X, Lai Z, Doan V, Xie Q, Huang R. Protection from diclofenac-induced liver injury by Yulangsan polysaccharide in a mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:207-213. [PMID: 27497634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Millettia pulchra Kurz var-laxior (Dunn) Z. Wei, a wild-growing plant of the family Fabaceae is known to possess multifarious medicinal properties. Yulangsan polysaccharide (YLSPS) is a chief ingredient of its root, which has been used in Chinese traditional medicine with a long history for remedy of acute or chronic hepatitis and jaundice. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the ability of the YLSPS to protect against diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were orally treated with YLSPS daily 1h after the injection of diclofenac for 2 weeks. Dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate was used as a reference drug. RESULTS YLSPS effectively reduced the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase and enhanced the reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver. Moreover, the content of malondialdehyde was reduced by treatment with YLSPS, and histological findings also confirmed the anti-hepatotoxic activity. In addition, YLSPS significantly inhibited proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1 beta. YLSPS also enhanced mitochondrial antioxidants and inhibited cell death by preventing the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and the up-regulation and release of Bax along with caspase 9 and 3 activity; thus, these findings confirm the involvement of mitochondria in diclofenac-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION The results indicate that protective effects of YLSPS against diclofenac-induced acute hepatic injury may rely on its effect on reducing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and improving drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Vanphuc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinbin Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Zefeng Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Vanminh Doan
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Qiuqiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Evidence-based selection of training compounds for use in the mechanism-based integrated prediction of drug-induced liver injury in man. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2979-3003. [PMID: 27659300 PMCID: PMC5104805 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current test systems employed by pharmaceutical industry are poorly predictive for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The ‘MIP-DILI’ project addresses this situation by the development of innovative preclinical test systems which are both mechanism-based and of physiological, pharmacological and pathological relevance to DILI in humans. An iterative, tiered approach with respect to test compounds, test systems, bioanalysis and systems analysis is adopted to evaluate existing models and develop new models that can provide validated test systems with respect to the prediction of specific forms of DILI and further elucidation of mechanisms. An essential component of this effort is the choice of compound training set that will be used to inform refinement and/or development of new model systems that allow prediction based on knowledge of mechanisms, in a tiered fashion. In this review, we focus on the selection of MIP-DILI training compounds for mechanism-based evaluation of non-clinical prediction of DILI. The selected compounds address both hepatocellular and cholestatic DILI patterns in man, covering a broad range of pharmacologies and chemistries, and taking into account available data on potential DILI mechanisms (e.g. mitochondrial injury, reactive metabolites, biliary transport inhibition, and immune responses). Known mechanisms by which these compounds are believed to cause liver injury have been described, where many if not all drugs in this review appear to exhibit multiple toxicological mechanisms. Thus, the training compounds selection offered a valuable tool to profile DILI mechanisms and to interrogate existing and novel in vitro systems for the prediction of human DILI.
Collapse
|
49
|
Amdekar S, Singh V. Lactobacillus acidophilus maintained oxidative stress from reproductive organs in collagen-induced arthritic rats. J Hum Reprod Sci 2016; 9:41-6. [PMID: 27110077 PMCID: PMC4817287 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.178638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXTS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced organ damage is a well-known fact. Previous studies suggest that Lactobacillus scavenge the free radicals from liver and kidney and also protect animals from arthritis. AIMS: Comparing protective properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus in reducing oxidative stress from reproductive organs developed during collagen-induced arthritis in animal model. METHODS: Arthritis was induced in Wistar rats. Oral administration of L. acidophilus, indomethacin, and distilled water were all started on the same day. Arthritis scores were calculated for each group. Oxidative stress parameters were estimated in testis and ovary homogenates. Histopathology of ovary and testis was also performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: L. acidophilus decreased arthritis score (P < 0.001) as well as maintained normal histology of reproductive organs. L. acidophilus maintained oxidative stress parameters from ovaries and testis (P < 0.001). These results provide strong evidence that NSAIDs increase oxidative stress in reproductive organs while L. acidophilus not only scavenges free radicals from reproductive organs but also protects rats from arthritis symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Amdekar
- Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sahu CR. Mechanisms Involved in Toxicity of Liver Caused by Piroxicam in Mice and Protective Effects of Leaf Extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2016; 9:9-13. [PMID: 26819562 PMCID: PMC4720181 DOI: 10.4137/cmamd.s29463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Piroxicam is one of the important therapeutic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory class of drugs used mainly to suppress pain and inflammation in arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders. Besides being anti-inflammatory, these drugs are analgesic and antipyretic often used for the relief of nonspecific fever condition. Recently, piroxicam has also gained attention as an effective therapy for tumors, colorectal, and invasive bladder cancers. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the protective effects of the alcoholic leaf extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (AEH), Malvaceae, against piroxicam-induced toxicity in mice. Sixty adult Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) were divided into four groups (n = 10), which included a control group, a group treated orally with AEH (30 mg kg(-1) b.w.) for 15 days, a group treated orally with piroxicam (6.6 mg kg(-1) b.w.) for 15 days, and another group treated orally with piroxicam and AEH for 15 days. The results indicated that treatment with piroxicam alone resulted in a significant increase in the activities of serum marker enzymes, namely, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase with profound hepatic lipid peroxidation as evidenced by a marked increment in the level of thoibarbituric acid reactive substances along with a distinct diminution in reduced glutathoine content and various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver. However, treatment with AEH during piroxicam treatment retrieved or partially antagonized the effects induced by piroxicam toward the normal values of controls. Histopathological observations also corroborate with the above findings. It can be concluded that AEH exhibited a protective action against piroxicam toxicity and effective in combating oxidative stress-induced hepatic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Sahu
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| |
Collapse
|