1
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Franz AH, Samoshina NM, Samoshin VV. A convenient method for the relative and absolute quantification of lipid components in liposomes by 1H- and 31P NMR-spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 261:105395. [PMID: 38615786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liposomes are promising delivery systems for pharmaceutical applications and have been used in medicine in the recent past. Preparation of liposomes requires reliable characterization and quantification of the phospholipid components for which the traditional cumbersome molybdate method is used frequently. The objective was to improve relative and absolute quantification of lipid components from liposomes. METHODS A reliable method for quantification of lipid composition in liposome formulations in the 1-10 μmol range with 1H- and 31P NMR spectroscopy at 600 MHz has been developed. The method is based on three crystalline small-molecule standards (Ph3PO4, (Tol)3PO4, and Ph3PO) in CDCl3. RESULTS Excellent calibration linearity and chemical stability of the standards was observed. The method was tested in blind fashion on liposomes containing POPC, PEG-ceramide and a pH-sensitive trans-aminocyclohexanol-based amphiphile (TACH).1 Relative quantification (percentage of components) as well as determination of absolute lipid amount was possible with excellent reproducibility with an average error of 5%. Quantification (triplicate) was accomplished in 15 min based on 1H NMR and in 1 h based on 31P NMR. Very little change in mixture composition was observed over multiple preparative steps. CONCLUSION Liposome preparations containing POPC, POPE, DOPC, DPPC, TACH, and PEG-ceramide can be reliably characterized and quantified by 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy at 600 MHz in the μmol range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Franz
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Nataliya M Samoshina
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Vyacheslav V Samoshin
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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2
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Nogueira SS, Samaridou E, Simon J, Frank S, Beck-Broichsitter M, Mehta A. Analytical techniques for the characterization of nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114235. [PMID: 38401742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-assisted RNA delivery has gotten a tremendous boost over the last decade and made a significant impact in the development of life-changing vaccines and therapeutics. With increasing numbers of emerging lipid- and polymer-based RNA nanoparticles progressing towards the clinic, it has become apparent that the safety and efficacy of these medications depend on the comprehensive understanding of their critical quality attributes (CQAs). However, despite the rapid advancements in the field, the identification and reliable quantification of CQAs remain a significant challenge. To support these efforts, this review aims to summarize the present knowledge on CQAs based on the regulatory guidelines and to provide insights into the available analytical characterization techniques for RNA-loaded nanoparticles. In this context, routine and emerging analytical techniques are categorized and discussed, focusing on the operation principle, strengths, and potential limitations. Furthermore, the importance of complementary and orthogonal techniques for the measurement of CQAs is discussed in order to ensure the quality and consistency of analytical methods used, and address potential technique-based differences.
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3
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Ailuno G, Baldassari S, Balboni A, Pastorino S, Zuccari G, Cortese K, Barbieri F, Drava G, Florio T, Caviglioli G. Development of Biotinylated Liposomes Encapsulating Metformin for Therapeutic Targeting of Inflammation-Based Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:235. [PMID: 38399288 PMCID: PMC10893420 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological response to a damaging stimulus but sometimes can be the cause of the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. These pathologies are characterized by the overexpression of inflammatory markers like endothelial adhesion molecules, such as Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In the present work, the development of liposomes for therapeutic targeted delivery to inflamed endothelia is described. The idea is to exploit a three-step pretargeting system based on the biotin-avidin high-affinity interaction: the first step involves a previously described biotin derivative bearing a VCAM-1 binding peptide; in the second step, the avidin derivative NeutrAvidinTM, which strongly binds to the biotin moiety, is injected; the final step is the administration of biotinylated liposomes that would bind to NeutravidinTM immobilized onto VCAM-1 overexpressing endothelium. Stealth biotinylated liposomes, prepared via the thin film hydration method followed by extrusion and purification via size exclusion chromatography, have been thoroughly characterized for their chemico-physical and morphological features and loaded with metformin hydrochloride, a potential anti-inflammatory agent. The three-step system, tested in vitro on different cell lines via confocal microscopy, FACS analysis and metformin uptake, has proved its suitability for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Ailuno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (S.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Sara Baldassari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (S.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Alice Balboni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (S.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Sara Pastorino
- Territorial Pharmacy of Azienda Sociosanitaria Ligure 2, Via Carlo Collodi 13, 17100 Savona, Italy;
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (S.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 2, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Giuliana Drava
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (S.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 2, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.B.); (T.F.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Caviglioli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (S.B.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (G.D.); (G.C.)
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4
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Borghei YS, Hamidieh AA, Lu Y, Hosseinkhani S. Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers as a new biomimetic platform for ROS-induced apoptosis by photodynamic therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106569. [PMID: 37633340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
We report here a newly and facile synthesis of the phospholipids@gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) from intact cells as a new biomimetic organic-inorganic hybrid. The most appealing feature of this nanostructure is its dual-absorbing peak in near infrared (NIR) and visible region of spectra, which makes them a potential light-sensitive agent for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis. Here, in contrast to previous studies, proposed nanostructures are synthesized in a one-pot reaction using phospholipids present in living cell membranes (as a donor cell) with detectable micro process of AuNF formation. The properties of the resulting AuNFs were evaluated through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as FT-IR, 31P-NMR spectra and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Designed cell membrane-based nanostructure looks like an intact cell and would be able to interact with other cells (as a target cell) and also capable to produce cytotoxic singlet oxygen under NIR irradiation. Generated ROS act as a key player in initiation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) and progress of cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Cellular experiments on breast cancer MCF-7 cells demonstrated that they may be effective as photodynamic therapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman-Sadat Borghei
- Center for Bioscience & Technology, Institute for Convergence Science & Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Iran.
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yanjin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Go S, Jung M, Lee S, Moon S, Hong J, Kim C, Chung Y, Kim BS. A Personalized Cancer Nanovaccine that Enhances T-Cell Responses and Efficacy Through Dual Interactions with Dendritic Cells and T Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303979. [PMID: 37515819 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Conventional approaches to developing therapeutic cancer vaccines that primarily activate tumor-specific T cells via dendritic cells (DCs) often demonstrate limited efficacy due to the suboptimal activation of these T cells. To address this limitation, here a therapeutic cancer nanovaccine is developed that enhances T cell responses by interacting with both DCs and T cells. The nanovaccine is based on a cancer cell membrane nanoparticle (CCM-MPLA) that utilizes monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as an adjuvant. To allow direct interaction between the nanovaccine and tumor-specific T cells, anti-CD28 antibodies (aCD28) are conjugated onto CCM-MPLA, resulting in CCM-MPLA-aCD28. This nanovaccine activates tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in both the presence and absence of DCs. Compared with nanovaccines that interact with either DCs (CCM-MPLA) or T cells (CCM-aCD28), CCM-MPLA-aCD28 induces more potent responses of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells and exhibits a higher antitumor efficacy in tumor-bearing mice. No differences in T cell activation efficiency and therapeutic efficacy are observed between CCM-MPLA and CCM-aCD28. This approach may lead to the development of effective personalized therapeutic cancer vaccines prepared from autologous cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhyeong Go
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungyo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheesue Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes and BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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6
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Giordani S, Marassi V, Zattoni A, Roda B, Reschiglian P. Liposomes characterization for market approval as pharmaceutical products: Analytical methods, guidelines and standardized protocols. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115751. [PMID: 37778202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are nano-sized lipid-based vesicles widely studied for their drug delivery capabilities. Compared to standard carries they exhibit better properties such as improved site-targeting and drug release, protection of drugs from degradation and clearance, and lower toxic side effects. At present, scientific literature is rich of studies regarding liposomes-based systems, while 14 types of liposomal products have been authorized to the market by EMA and FDA and many others have been approved by national agencies. Although the interest in nanodevices and nanomedicine has steadily increased in the last two decades the development of documentation regulating and standardizing all the phases of their development and quality control still suffers from major inadequacy due to the intrinsic complexity of nano-systems characterization. Many generic documents (Type 1) discussing guidelines for the study of nano-systems (lipidic and not) have been proposed while there is a lack of robust and standardized methods (Type 2 documents). As a result, a widespread of different techniques, approaches and methodologies are being used, generating results of variable quality and hard to compare with each other. Additionally, such documents are often subject to updates and rewriting further complicating the topic. Within this context the aim of this work is focused on bridging the gap in liposome characterization: the most recent standardized methodologies suitable for liposomes characterization are here reported (with the corresponding Type 2 documents) and revised in a short and pragmatical way focused on providing the reader with a practical background of the state of the art. In particular, this paper will put the accent on the methodologies developed to evaluate the main critical quality attributes (CQAs) necessary for liposomes market approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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7
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Raj A, Dua K, Nair RS, Sarath Chandran C, Alex AT. Transethosome: An ultra-deformable ethanolic vesicle for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Chem Phys Lipids 2023; 255:105315. [PMID: 37356610 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery through the skin improves solubility, bioavailability, and unwanted systemic side effects of the drug. The selection of a suitable carrier is a challenging process. The conventional lipid vesicles have some limitations. They deliver the drug in the stratum corneum and have poor colloidal stability. Here comes the need for ultra-deformable lipid vesicles to provide the drug beyond the stratum corneum. Transethosomes are novel ultra-deformable vesicles that can deliver drugs into deeper tissues. The composition of transethosomes includes phospholipid, ethanol and surfactants. Each ingredient has a pivotal role in the properties of the carrier. This review covers the design, preparation method, characterisation, and characteristics of the novel vesicle. Also, we cover the impact of surfactants on vesicular properties and the skin permeation behaviour of novel vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rajesh Sreedharan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C Sarath Chandran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, Kerala, India
| | - Angel Treasa Alex
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Koehler JK, Gedda L, Wurster L, Schnur J, Edwards K, Heerklotz H, Massing U. Tailoring the Lamellarity of Liposomes Prepared by Dual Centrifugation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020706. [PMID: 36840028 PMCID: PMC9961234 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual centrifugation (DC) is a new and versatile technique for the preparation of liposomes by in-vial homogenization of lipid-water mixtures. Size, size distribution, and entrapping efficiencies are strongly dependent on the lipid concentration during DC-homogenization. In this study, we investigated the detailed structure of DC-made liposomes. To do so, an assay to determine the ratio of inner to total membrane surfaces of liposomes (inaccessible surface) was developed based on either time-resolved or steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was used to confirm the lamellarity results and learn more about liposome morphology. One striking result leads to the possibility of producing a novel type of liposome-small multilamellar vesicles (SMVs) with low PDI, sizes of the order of 100 nm, and almost completely filled with bilayers. A second particularly important finding is that VPGs can be prepared to contain open bilayer structures that will close spontaneously when, after storage, more aqueous phase is added and liposomes are formed. Through this process, a drug can effectively be entrapped immediately before application. In addition, dual centrifugation at lower lipid concentrations is found to produce predominantly unilamellar vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K. Koehler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.K.K.); (U.M.)
| | - Lars Gedda
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leonie Wurster
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Johannes Schnur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Katarina Edwards
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBBS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ulrich Massing
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Andreas Hettich GmbH & Co. KG, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.K.K.); (U.M.)
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9
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Panchal K, Katke S, Dash SK, Gaur A, Shinde A, Saha N, Mehra NK, Chaurasiya A. An expanding horizon of complex injectable products: development and regulatory considerations. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:433-472. [PMID: 35963928 PMCID: PMC9376055 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been a constant evolution in the pharmaceutical market concerning the new technologies imbibed in delivering drug substances for various indications. This is either market-driven or technology-driven to improve the overall therapeutic efficacy and patients' quality of life. The pharmaceutical industry has experienced rapid growth in the area of complex injectable products because of their effectiveness in the unmet market. These novel parenteral products, viz, the nanoparticles, liposomes, microspheres, suspensions, and emulsions, have proven their worth as "Safe and Effective" products. However, the underlying challenges involved in the development, scalability, and characterization of these injectable products are critical. Moreover, the guidelines available do not provide a clear understanding of these complex products, making it difficult to anticipate the regulatory requirements. Thus, it becomes imperative to comprehend the criticalities and develop an understanding of these products. This review discusses various complexities involved in the parenteral products such as complex drug substances, excipients, dosage forms, drug administration devices like pre-filled syringes and injector pens, and its different characterization tools and techniques. The review also provides a brief discussion on the regulatory aspects and associated hurdles with other parenteral products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanan Panchal
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Sumeet Katke
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Dash
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Ankit Gaur
- Formulation Development, Par Formulations Pvt. Ltd, Navi Mumbai, Endo India, 400 708, India
| | - Aishwarya Shinde
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Nithun Saha
- Research & Development - Injectables, MSN Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Pashamaylaram, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502307, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Medchal District, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Telangana, 500078, India.
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10
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Jung M, Lee S, Park S, Hong J, Kim C, Cho I, Sohn HS, Kim K, Park IW, Yoon S, Kwon S, Shin J, Lee D, Kang M, Go S, Moon S, Chung Y, Kim Y, Kim BS. A Therapeutic Nanovaccine that Generates Anti-Amyloid Antibodies and Amyloid-specific Regulatory T Cells for Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207719. [PMID: 36329674 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a complex condition characterized by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms including amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque accumulation and neuroinflammation in the brain. The current immunotherapy approaches, such as anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, Aβ vaccines, and adoptive regulatory T (Treg) cell transfer, target a single pathophysiological mechanism, which may lead to unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, Aβ vaccines often induce T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Here, a nanovaccine composed of lipid nanoparticles loaded with Aβ peptides and rapamycin is developed, which targets multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, exhibits the combined effects of anti-Aβ antibody therapy and adoptive Aβ-specific Treg cell transfer, and can overcome the limitations of current immunotherapy approaches for AD. The Nanovaccine effectively delivers rapamycin and Aβ peptides to dendritic cells, produces both anti-Aβ antibodies and Aβ-specific Treg cells, removes Aβ plaques in the brain, alleviates neuroinflammation, prevents Th1 cell-mediated excessive immune responses, and inhibits cognitive impairment in mice. The nanovaccine shows higher efficacy in cognitive recovery than an Aβ vaccine. Unlike anti-Aβ mAb therapy and adoptive Treg cell transfer, both of which require complicated and costly manufacturing processes, the nanovaccine is easy-to-prepare and cost-effective. The nanovaccines can represent a novel treatment option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mungyo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheesue Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Illhwan Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Sohn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - In Wook Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Soljee Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyung Go
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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11
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Alshaer W, Nsairat H, Lafi Z, Hourani OM, Al-Kadash A, Esawi E, Alkilany AM. Quality by Design Approach in Liposomal Formulations: Robust Product Development. Molecules 2022; 28:10. [PMID: 36615205 PMCID: PMC9822211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an emerging field with continuous growth and differentiation. Liposomal formulations are a major platform in nanomedicine, with more than fifteen FDA-approved liposomal products in the market. However, as is the case for other types of nanoparticle-based delivery systems, liposomal formulations and manufacturing is intrinsically complex and associated with a set of dependent and independent variables, rendering experiential optimization a tedious process in general. Quality by design (QbD) is a powerful approach that can be applied in such complex systems to facilitate product development and ensure reproducible manufacturing processes, which are an essential pre-requisite for efficient and safe therapeutics. Input variables (related to materials, processes and experiment design) and the quality attributes for the final liposomal product should follow a systematic and planned experimental design to identify critical variables and optimal formulations/processes, where these elements are subjected to risk assessment. This review discusses the current practices that employ QbD in developing liposomal-based nano-pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Zainab Lafi
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Omar M. Hourani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Ezaldeen Esawi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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12
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Dai Y, Yu Y, Wang X, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Chu K, Smith ZJ. Hybrid Principal Component Analysis Denoising Enables Rapid, Label-Free Morpho-Chemical Quantification of Individual Nanoliposomes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14232-14241. [PMID: 36202399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy enables multiplexed, quantitative chemical and morphological analysis of individual bionanoparticles such as drug-loaded nanoliposomes, yet it requires minutes-scale acquisition times per particle, leading to a lack of statistical power in typical small-sized data sets. The long acquisition times present a bottleneck not only in measurement time but also in the analytical throughput, as particle concentration (and thus throughput) must be kept low enough to avoid swarm measurement. The only effective way to improve this situation is to reduce the exposure time, which comes at the expense of increased noise. Here, we present a hybrid principal component analysis (PCA) denoising method, where a small number (∼30 spectra) of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) training data construct an effective principal component subspace into which low SNR test data are projected. Simulations and experiments prove the method outperforms traditional denoising methods such as the wavelet transform or traditional PCA. On experimental liposome samples, denoising accelerated data acquisition from 90 to 3 s, with an overall 4.5-fold improvement in particle throughput. The denoised data retained the ability to accurately determine complex morphochemical parameters such as lamellarity of individual nanoliposomes, as confirmed by comparison with cryo-EM imaging. We therefore show that hybrid PCA denoising is an efficient and effective tool for denoising spectral data sets with limited chemical variability and that the RR-NTA technique offers an ideal path for studying the multidimensional heterogeneity of nanoliposomes and other micro/nanoscale bioparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Dai
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yajun Yu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ziling Jiang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- Suzhou Advanced Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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13
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Chien PJ, Shih YL, Cheng CT, Tu HL. Chip assisted formation of phase-separated liposomes for reconstituting spatial protein-lipid interactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2540-2548. [PMID: 35667105 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatially organized molecular interactions are fundamental features underlying many biochemical processes in cells. These spatially defined reactions are essential to ensure high signaling specificity and are indispensable for maintaining cell functions. The construction of synthetic cell models that can resemble such properties is thus important yet less investigated. In this study, we present a reliable method for the rapid production of highly uniform phase-separated liposomes as synthetic cell models. Specifically, a microfluidics-based strategy coupled with custom reagents for generating size-tunable liposomes with various lipid compositions is presented. In addition, an important cell signaling interacting pair, the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and PIP2 lipid, is used to demonstrate the controlled molecular assembly inside these liposomes. The result shows that PIP2 on phase-separated domains successfully recruits the PH domains to realize spatially defined molecular interactions. Such a system is versatile and can be expanded to synthesize other proteins for realizing multiplexed molecular interactions in the same liposome. Phase-separated lipid domains can also be used to recruit targeted proteins to initiate localized reactions, thus paving the way for organizing a complex signaling cascade in the synthetic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Chien
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Lun Shih
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Teng Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Lin Tu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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14
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Fornasier M, Dessì F, Pireddu R, Sinico C, Carretti E, Murgia S. Lipid vesicular gels for topical administration of antioxidants. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 213:112388. [PMID: 35183999 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The application of a formulation on the skin represents an effective way to deliver bio-active molecules for therapeutical purposes. Moreover, the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum, can be overcome by employing chemical permeation enhancers and edge activators as components. Several lipids can be considered as permeation enhancers, such as the ubiquitous monoolein, one of the most used building blocks for the preparation of lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles which are applied as drug carriers for nanomedicine applications. Recent papers highlighted how bile salts can affect the phase behavior of monoolein to obtain drug carriers suitable for topical administration, given their role as edge activators into the formulation. Herein, the encapsulation of natural antioxidants (caffeic acid and ferulic acid) into lipid vesicular gels (LVGs) made by monoolein and sodium taurocholate (TC) in water was studied to produce formulations suitable for topical application. TC induces a bicontinuous cubic to multilamellar phase transition for monoolein in water at the given concentrations, and by increasing its content into the formulations, unilamellar LVGs are formed. The encapsulation of the two antioxidants did not affect significantly the structure of the gels. The oscillating rheological studies showed that ferulic acid has a structuring effect on the lipid matrix, in comparison with the empty dispersion and the one containing caffeic acid. These gels were then tested in vitro on new-born pig skin to evaluate their efficacy as drug carriers for topical administration, showing that caffeic acid is mostly retained in the gel whereas ferulic acid is released at a higher degree. The data herein reported provide some further information on the effect of bile salts on the lipid self-assembly to evaluate useful compositions for topical administration of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fornasier
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s 554 bivio Sestu, Monserrato I-09042, Italy.
| | - Francesca Dessì
- CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy; Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s 554 bivio Sestu, Monserrato I-09042, Italy
| | - Rosa Pireddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari I-09124, Italy
| | - Chiara Sinico
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari I-09124, Italy
| | - Emiliano Carretti
- CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy; Chemistry Department "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, Cagliari I-09124, Italy.
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15
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van der Koog L, Gandek TB, Nagelkerke A. Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems: A Comparison of Composition, Pharmacokinetics, and Functionalization. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2100639. [PMID: 34165909 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, lipid-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems (DDS) have caught the attention of researchers worldwide, encouraging the field to rapidly develop improved ways for effective drug delivery. One of the most prominent examples is liposomes, which are spherical shaped artificial vesicles composed of lipid bilayers and able to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. At the same time, biological nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, called extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as promising more complex biocompatible DDS. In this review paper, the differences and similarities in the composition of both vesicles are evaluated, and critical mediators that affect their pharmacokinetics are elucidate. Different strategies that have been assessed to tweak the pharmacokinetics of both liposomes and EVs are explored, detailing the effects on circulation time, targeting capacity, and cytoplasmic delivery of therapeutic cargo. Finally, whether a hybrid system, consisting of a combination of only the critical constituents of both vesicles, could offer the best of both worlds is discussed. Through these topics, novel leads for further research are provided and, more importantly, gain insight in what the liposome field and the EV field can learn from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke van der Koog
- Molecular Pharmacology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen P.O. Box 196, XB10 Groningen 9700 AD The Netherlands
| | - Timea B. Gandek
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen P.O. Box 196, XB20 Groningen 9700 AD The Netherlands
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen P.O. Box 196, XB20 Groningen 9700 AD The Netherlands
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16
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Robinson AO, Venero OM, Adamala KP. Toward synthetic life: Biomimetic synthetic cell communication. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 64:165-173. [PMID: 34597982 PMCID: PMC8784175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Engineering synthetic minimal cells provide a controllable chassis for studying the biochemical principles of natural life, increasing our understanding of complex biological processes. Recently, synthetic cell engineering has enabled communication between both natural live cells and other synthetic cells. A system such as these enable studying interactions between populations of cells, both natural and artificial, and engineering small molecule cell communication protocols for a variety of basic research and practical applications. In this review, we summarize recent progress in engineering communication between synthetic and natural cells, and we speculate about the possible future directions of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey O Robinson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Orion M Venero
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katarzyna P Adamala
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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17
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Kwon SP, Hwang BH, Park EH, Kim HY, Lee JR, Kang M, Song SY, Jung M, Sohn HS, Kim E, Kim CW, Lee KY, Oh GC, Choo E, Lim S, Chung Y, Chang K, Kim BS. Nanoparticle-Mediated Blocking of Excessive Inflammation for Prevention of Heart Failure Following Myocardial Infarction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101207. [PMID: 34216428 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Severe cardiac damage following myocardial infarction (MI) causes excessive inflammation, which sustains tissue damage and often induces adverse cardiac remodeling toward cardiac function impairment and heart failure. Timely resolution of post-MI inflammation may prevent cardiac remodeling and development of heart failure. Cell therapy approaches for MI are time-consuming and costly, and have shown marginal efficacy in clinical trials. Here, nanoparticles targeting the immune system to attenuate excessive inflammation in infarcted myocardium are presented. Liposomal nanoparticles loaded with MI antigens and rapamycin (L-Ag/R) enable effective induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells presenting the antigens and subsequent induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs). Impressively, intradermal injection of L-Ag/R into acute MI mice attenuates inflammation in the myocardium by inducing Tregs and an inflammatory-to-reparative macrophage polarization, inhibits adverse cardiac remodeling, and improves cardiac function. Nanoparticle-mediated blocking of excessive inflammation in infarcted myocardium may be an effective intervention to prevent the development of post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Pil Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Hwang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Park
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ro Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mungyo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Sohn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmin Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Yong Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Chul Oh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunho Choo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhyun Lim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute for Intractable Disease, Division of Cardiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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18
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Design of liposomes as drug delivery system for therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120571. [PMID: 33812967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are spherical vesicles consisting of one or more concentric phospholipid bilayers enclosing an aqueous core. Being both nontoxic and biodegradable, liposomes represent a powerful delivery system for several drugs. They have improved the therapeutic efficacy of drugs through stabilizing compounds, overcoming obstacles to cellular and tissue uptake and increasing drug biodistribution to target sites in vivo, while minimizing systemic toxicity. This review offers an overview of liposomes, thought the exploration of their key fundamentals. Initially, the main design aspects to obtain a successful liposomal formulation were addressed, following the techniques for liposome production and drug loading. Before application, liposomes required an extensive characterization to assurance in vitro and in vivo performance. Thus, several properties to characterize liposomes were explored, such as size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, shape, lamellarity, phase behavior, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release. Topics related with liposomal functionalization and effective targeting strategies were also addressed, as well as stability and some limitations of liposomes. Finally, this review intends to explore the current market liposomes used as a drug delivery system in different therapeutic applications.
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19
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Gachumi G, Poudel A, Wasan KM, El-Aneed A. Analytical Strategies to Analyze the Oxidation Products of Phytosterols, and Formulation-Based Approaches to Reduce Their Generation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020268. [PMID: 33669349 PMCID: PMC7920278 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are a class of lipid molecules present in plants that are structurally similar to cholesterol and have been widely utilized as cholesterol-lowering agents. However, the susceptibility of phytosterols to oxidation has led to concerns regarding their safety and tolerability. Phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) present in a variety of enriched and non-enriched foods can show pro-atherogenic and pro-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it is crucial to screen and analyze various phytosterol-containing products for the presence of POPs and ultimately design or modify phytosterols in such a way that prevents the generation of POPs and yet maintains their pharmacological activity. The main approaches for the analysis of POPs include the use of mass spectrometry (MS) linked to a suitable separation technique, notably gas chromatography (GC). However, liquid chromatography (LC)-MS has the potential to simplify the analysis due to the elimination of any derivatization step, usually required for GC-MS. To reduce the transformation of phytosterols to their oxidized counterparts, formulation strategies can theoretically be adopted, including the use of microemulsions, microcapsules, micelles, nanoparticles, and liposomes. In addition, co-formulation with antioxidants, such as tocopherols, may prove useful in substantially preventing POP generation. The main objectives of this review article are to evaluate the various analytical strategies that have been adopted for analyzing them. In addition, formulation approaches that can prevent the generation of these oxidation products are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Gachumi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (G.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Asmita Poudel
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (G.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Kishor M. Wasan
- iCo Therapeutics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6Z 2T3, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Skymount Medical Group Inc., Calgary, AB T3C 0J8, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (G.G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-2013
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20
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Fan Y, Marioli M, Zhang K. Analytical characterization of liposomes and other lipid nanoparticles for drug delivery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 192:113642. [PMID: 33011580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles, especially liposomes and lipid/nucleic acid complexed nanoparticles have shown great success in the pharmaceutical industry. Their success is attributed to stable drug loading, extended pharmacokinetics, reduced off-target side effects, and enhanced delivery efficiency to disease targets with formidable blood-brain or plasma membrane barriers. Therefore, they offer promising formulation options for drugs limited by low therapeutic indexes in traditional dosage forms and current "undruggable" targets. Recent development of siRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, or the CRISPR complex-loaded lipid nanoparticles and liposomal vaccines also shed light on their potential in enabling versatile formulation platforms for new pharmaceutical modalities. Analytical characterization of these nanoparticles is critical to drug design, formulation development, understanding in vivo performance, as well as quality control. The multi-lipid excipients, unique core-bilayer structure, and nanoscale size all underscore their complicated critical quality attributes, including lipid species, drug encapsulation efficiency, nanoparticle characteristics, product stability, and drug release. To address these challenges and facilitate future applications of lipid nanoparticles in drug development, we summarize available analytical approaches for physicochemical characterizations of lipid nanoparticle-based pharmaceutical modalities. Furthermore, we compare advantages and challenges of different techniques, and highlight the promise of new strategies for automated high-throughput screening and future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Fan
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Maria Marioli
- Pharma Technical Development Europe Analytics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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21
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Elkhoury K, Koçak P, Kang A, Arab-Tehrany E, Ellis Ward J, Shin SR. Engineering Smart Targeting Nanovesicles and Their Combination with Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E849. [PMID: 32906833 PMCID: PMC7559099 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart engineered and naturally derived nanovesicles, capable of targeting specific tissues and cells and delivering bioactive molecules and drugs into them, are becoming important drug delivery systems. Liposomes stand out among different types of self-assembled nanovesicles, because of their amphiphilicity and non-toxic nature. By modifying their surfaces, liposomes can become stimulus-responsive, releasing their cargo on demand. Recently, the recognized role of exosomes in cell-cell communication and their ability to diffuse through tissues to find target cells have led to an increase in their usage as smart delivery systems. Moreover, engineering "smarter" delivery systems can be done by creating hybrid exosome-liposome nanocarriers via membrane fusion. These systems can be loaded in naturally derived hydrogels to achieve sustained and controlled drug delivery. Here, the focus is on evaluating the smart behavior of liposomes and exosomes, the fabrication of hybrid exosome-liposome nanovesicles, and the controlled delivery and routes of administration of a hydrogel matrix for drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Elkhoury
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (K.E.); (P.K.); (A.K.)
- LIBio, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Polen Koçak
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (K.E.); (P.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, TR-34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alex Kang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (K.E.); (P.K.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Jennifer Ellis Ward
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (K.E.); (P.K.); (A.K.)
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22
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Deodhar S, Dash AK, North EJ, Hulce M. Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Long Circulating Liposomes for Targeted Delivery of Gemcitabine and Irinotecan in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:231. [PMID: 32778980 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The classically used nontargeted chemotherapeutic approach to pancreatic cancer has a dual drawback of suboptimal drug delivery at the target site and the systemic side effects produced by the unfettered exposure of the drug to healthy tissue. This study has the objective of developing novel poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PETOX)-based long circulating liposomes loaded with gemcitabine and irinotecan for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with a juxtaposition to PEGylated and uncoated liposomes. A PETOX-cholesteryl chloroformate lipopolymer conjugate (PETOX-ChC) with a carbonate linkage was prepared and characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and DSC. Liposomes were prepared using the thin film hydration technique followed by freeze-thaw and membrane extrusion methods. Liposome characterization includes particle size determination, zeta potential determination using a zetameter, and structural elucidation using 31P NMR and cryo-TEM. The PETOXylated liposomes showed a particle size of 180.1 ± 2.2 nm and a zeta potential of - 33.63 ± 1.23 mV. The liposomal combination therapy of gemcitabine and irinotecan was found to have an IC50 value 39 times lower in comparison to the drug combination in solution, while the PEGylated and PETOXylated liposomes showed IC50 values 1.6 times lower and 2 times lower than that of uncoated liposomes, respectively, against Mia PaCa II pancreatic cancer cell line. The PEGylated and PETOXylated liposomes showed 4.1 and 5.4 times slower macrophagial uptake in vitro in comparison to the uncoated liposomes respectively. The PEGylated liposomes showed 11% higher in vitro macrophagial uptake in comparison to PETOXylated liposomes.
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Dai Y, Bai S, Hu C, Chu K, Shen B, Smith ZJ. Combined Morpho-Chemical Profiling of Individual Extracellular Vesicles and Functional Nanoparticles without Labels. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5585-5594. [PMID: 32162516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles are important targets of study, yet their small size and tendency to aggregate makes their heterogeneity difficult to profile on a truly single-particle basis. Here we present a label-free system called 'Raman-enabled nanoparticle trapping analysis' (R-NTA) that optically traps individual nanoparticles, records Raman spectra and tracks particle motion to identify chemical composition, size, and refractive index. R-NTA has the unique capacity to characterize aggregation status and absolute chemical concentration at the single-particle level. We validate the method on NIST standards and liposomes, demonstrating that R-NTA can accurately characterize size and chemical heterogeneity, including determining combined morpho-chemical properties such as the number of lamellae in individual liposomes. Applied to extracellular vesicles (EVs), we find distinct differences between EVs from cancerous and noncancerous cells, and that knockdown of the TRPP2 ion channel, which is pathologically highly expressed in laryngeal cancer cells, leads the EVs to more closely resemble EVs from normal epithelial cells. Intriguingly, the differences in EV content are found in small subpopulations of EVs, highlighting the importance of single-particle measurements. These experiments demonstrate the power of the R-NTA system to measure and characterize the morpho-chemical heterogeneity of bionanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Dept. of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Suwen Bai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuanzhen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Dept. of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Dept. of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Dept. of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Nele V, Holme MN, Kauscher U, Thomas MR, Doutch JJ, Stevens MM. Effect of Formulation Method, Lipid Composition, and PEGylation on Vesicle Lamellarity: A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6064-6074. [PMID: 30977658 PMCID: PMC6506804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are well-established systems for drug delivery and biosensing applications. The design of a liposomal carrier requires careful choice of lipid composition and formulation method. These determine many vesicle properties including lamellarity, which can have a strong effect on both encapsulation efficiency and the efflux rate of encapsulated active compounds. Despite this, a comprehensive study on how the lipid composition and formulation method affect vesicle lamellarity is still lacking. Here, we combine small-angle neutron scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy to study the effect of three different well-established formulation methods followed by extrusion through 100 nm polycarbonate membranes on the resulting vesicle membrane structure. Specifically, we examine vesicles formulated from the commonly used phospholipids 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) via film hydration followed by (i) agitation on a shaker or (ii) freeze-thawing, or (iii) the reverse-phase evaporation vesicle method. After extrusion, up to half of the total lipid content is still assembled into multilamellar structures. However, we achieved unilamellar vesicle populations when as little as 0.1 mol % PEG-modified lipid was included in the vesicle formulation. Interestingly, DPPC with 5 mol % PEGylated lipid produces a combination of cylindrical micelles and vesicles. In conclusion, our results provide important insights into the effect of the formulation method and lipid composition on producing liposomes with a defined membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nele
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Margaret N. Holme
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail: (M.N.H.)
| | - Ulrike Kauscher
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Michael R. Thomas
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - James J. Doutch
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 ODE, U.K.
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail: (M.M.S.)
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25
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Nonspecific nanocarriers for doxorubicin and cytarabine in the presence of fatted and defatted human albumin. Part I. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Schlich M, Fornasier M, Nieddu M, Sinico C, Murgia S, Rescigno A. 3-hydroxycoumarin loaded vesicles for recombinant human tyrosinase inhibition in topical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:675-681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Vu HT, Hook SM, Siqueira SD, Müllertz A, Rades T, McDowell A. Are phytosomes a superior nanodelivery system for the antioxidant rutin? Int J Pharm 2018; 548:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kapoor B, Gupta R, Singh SK, Gulati M, Singh S. Prodrugs, phospholipids and vesicular delivery - An effective triumvirate of pharmacosomes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 253:35-65. [PMID: 29454464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the advent from the laboratory bench to patient bedside in last five decades, vesicular systems have now come to be widely accepted as pragmatic means for controlled delivery of drugs. Their success stories include those of liposomes, niosomes and even the lately developed ethosomes and transferosomes. Pharmacosomes, which, as delivery systems offer numerous advantages and have been widely researched, however, remain largely unacknowledged as a successful delivery system. Though a large number of drugs have been derivatized and formulated into self-assembled vesicular systems, the term pharmacosomes has not been widely used while reporting them. Therefore, their relative obscurity may be attributed to the non-usage of the nomenclature of pharmacosomes by the researchers working in the area. We present a review on the scenario that lead to origin of these bio-inspired vesicles composed of self-assembling amphiphilic molecules. Various drugs that have been formulated into pharmacosomes, their characterization techniques, their properties relative to those of other vesicular delivery systems, and the success achieved so far are also discussed.
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30
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Strohmeier A, Först G, Tauber P, Schubert R. Membrane/Water Partition Coefficients of Bile Salts Determined Using Laurdan as a Fluorescent Probe. Biophys J 2017; 111:1714-1723. [PMID: 27760358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of liposomal membranes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine with the bile salts (BSs) cholate (Ch), glycocholate (GC), chenodeoxycholate (CDC), and glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) was studied. The BSs differed with regard to their lipophilicity, pKa values, and the size of their hydrophilic moiety. Their membrane interactions were investigated using Laurdan as a membrane-anchored fluorescent dye. The apparent membrane/water partition coefficient, D, at pH 7.4 was calculated from binding plots and compared with direct binding measurements using ultracentrifugation as a reference. The Laurdan-derived LogD values at pH 7.4 were found to be 2.10 and 2.25 for the trihydroxy BSs, i.e., Ch and GC, and 2.85 and 2.75 for the dihydroxy BSs, i.e., CDC and GCDC, respectively. For the membrane-associated glycine-conjugated GC and GCDC (pKa values of ∼3.9), no differences in the Laurdan spectra of the respective BS were found at pH 6.8, 7.4, and 8.2. Unconjugated Ch and CDC (pKa values of ∼5.0) showed pronounced differences at the three pH values. Furthermore, the kinetics of membrane adsorption and transbilayer movement differed between conjugated and unconjugated BSs as determined with Laurdan-labeled liposomes.
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31
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Shrestha R, Anderson CM, Cardenas AE, Elber R, Webb LJ. Direct Measurement of the Effect of Cholesterol and 6-Ketocholestanol on the Membrane Dipole Electric Field Using Vibrational Stark Effect Spectroscopy Coupled with Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:3424-3436. [PMID: 28071910 PMCID: PMC5398937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are heterogeneous structures with complex electrostatic profiles arising from lipids, sterols, membrane proteins, and water molecules. We investigated the effect of cholesterol and its derivative 6-ketocholestanol (6-kc) on membrane electrostatics by directly measuring the dipole electric field (F⃗d) within lipid bilayers containing cholesterol or 6-kc at concentrations of 0-40 mol% through the vibrational Stark effect (VSE). We found that adding low concentrations of cholesterol, up to ∼10 mol %, increases F⃗d, while adding more cholesterol up to 40 mol% lowers F⃗d. In contrast, we measured a monotonic increase in F⃗d as 6-kc concentration increased. We propose that this membrane electric field is affected by multiple factors: the polarity of the sterol molecules, the reorientation of the phospholipid dipole due to sterol, and the impact of the sterol on hydrogen bonding with surface water. We used molecular dynamics simulations to examine the distribution of phospholipids, sterol, and helix in bilayers containing these sterols. At low concentrations, we observed clustering of sterols near the vibrational probe whereas at high concentrations, we observed spatial correlation between the positions of the sterol molecules. This work demonstrates how a one-atom difference in a sterol changes the physicochemical and electric field properties of the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebika Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, §Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, and ∥Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Cari M Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, §Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, and ∥Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alfredo E Cardenas
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, §Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, and ∥Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ron Elber
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, §Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, and ∥Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lauren J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, §Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, and ∥Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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32
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Bunker A, Magarkar A, Viitala T. Rational design of liposomal drug delivery systems, a review: Combined experimental and computational studies of lipid membranes, liposomes and their PEGylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2334-2352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hinna AH, Hupfeld S, Kuntsche J, Bauer-Brandl A, Brandl M. Mechanism and kinetics of the loss of poorly soluble drugs from liposomal carriers studied by a novel flow field-flow fractionation-based drug release-/transfer-assay. J Control Release 2016; 232:228-37. [PMID: 27112112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes represent a versatile drug formulation approach e.g. for improving the water-solubility of poorly soluble drugs but also to achieve drug targeting and controlled release. For the latter applications it is essential that the drug remains associated with the liposomal carrier during transit in the vascular bed. A range of in vitro test methods has been suggested over the years for prediction of the release of drug from liposomal carriers. The majority of these fail to give a realistic prediction for poorly water-soluble drugs due to the intrinsic tendency of such compounds to remain associated with liposome bilayers even upon extensive dilution. Upon i.v. injection, in contrast, rapid drug loss often occurs due to drug transfer from the liposomal carriers to endogenous lipophilic sinks such as lipoproteins, plasma proteins or membranes of red blood cells and endothelial cells. Here we report on the application of a recently introduced in vitro predictive drug transfer assay based on incubation of the liposomal drug carrier with large multilamellar liposomes, the latter serving as a biomimetic model sink, using flow field-flow fractionation as a tool to separate the two types of liposomes. By quantifying the amount of drug remaining associated with the liposomal drug carrier as well as that transferred to the acceptor liposomes at distinct times of incubation, both the kinetics of drug transfer and release to the water phase could be established for the model drug p-THPP (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)21H,23H-porphine). p-THPP is structurally similar to temoporfin, a photosensitizer which is under clinical evaluation in a liposomal formulation. Mechanistic insights were gained by varying the donor-to-acceptor lipid mass ratio, size and lamellarity of the liposomes. Drug transfer kinetics from one liposome to another was found rate determining as compared to redistribution from the outermost to the inner concentric bilayers, such that the overall process could be adequately described by a single 1st order kinetic model. By varying the donor-to-acceptor lipid mass ratio in the range 1:1 to 1:10, a correlation was established between donor-to-acceptor-lipid mass ratio and transfer kinetics, which is regarded essential for scaling to physiological lipid mass ratios. By applying the assay to a series of structurally related model compounds of different bilayer affinity, transfer and release kinetics were established over the whole expected range of liposome bilayer associated drugs in terms of water solubility and lipophilicity. A very rapid transfer and considerable release from liposomes to the water phase was observed for the more water-soluble compounds Sudan II (clogP 5.45) and Sudan III (clogP 6.83). For the more lipophilic compounds, the rate of transfer from the donor liposomes followed the rank order Sudan IV (fastest)>Oil Red O>Sudan Black>p-THPP (slowest). For an equimolar donor-to-acceptor lipid mass ratio, half-lifes of transfer in the range of 12min (Sudan IV) up to 1.5h (p-THPP) were determined. In essence, the results presented here allow for both, mechanistic insights and predictions of drug loss from liposomal carriers upon exposure to biological sinks, which appear more realistic than the commonly employed in vitro release tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askell Hvid Hinna
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Hupfeld
- Aker Biomarine Antarctic AS, Oksenøyveien 10, P.O Box 496, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway; Institute for Energy Technology, Isotope laboratories, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Judith Kuntsche
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandl
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.
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Kaul A, Chaturvedi S, Attri A, Kalra M, Mishra AK. Targeted theranostic liposomes: rifampicin and ofloxacin loaded pegylated liposomes for theranostic application in mycobacterial infections. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01135g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostic liposomes as effective drug delivery systems for the management of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kaul
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Delhi 110054
- India
| | - Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Delhi 110054
- India
| | - Asha Attri
- Ram Gopal College of Pharmacy
- Gurgaon
- India
| | | | - A. K. Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Delhi 110054
- India
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35
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Hein R, Uzundal CB, Hennig A. Simple and rapid quantification of phospholipids for supramolecular membrane transport assays. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2182-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a simple 1H NMR method for quantification of the phospholipid content of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Can B. Uzundal
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
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Hinna A, Steiniger F, Hupfeld S, Stein P, Kuntsche J, Brandl M. Filter-extruded liposomes revisited: a study into size distributions and morphologies in relation to lipid-composition and process parameters. J Liposome Res 2015; 26:11-20. [PMID: 25826203 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1022556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Filter-extrusion is a widely used technique for down-sizing of phospholipid vesicles. In order to gain a detailed insight into size and size distributions of filter-extruded vesicles composed of egg phosphatidyl-choline (with varying fractions of cholesterol)--in relation to extrusion-parameters (pore-size, number of filter passages, and flow-rate), flow field-flow fractionation in conjunction with multi-angle laser light scattering (AF4-MALLS, Wyatt Technology Corp., Santa Barbara, CA) was employed. Liposome size-distributions determined by AF4-MALLS were compared with those of dynamic light scattering and correlated with cryo-transmission electron microscopy and (31)P-NMR-analysis of lamellarity. Both the mean size of liposome and the width of size distribution were found to decrease with sequential extrusion through smaller pore size filters, starting at a size range of ≈70-415 nm upon repeated extrusion through 400 nm pore-filters, eventually ending with a size range from ≈30 to 85 nm upon extrusion through 30 nm pore size filters. While for small pores sizes (50 nm), increased flow rates resulted in smaller vesicles, no significant influence of flow rate on mean vesicle size was seen with larger pores. Cholesterol at increasing mol fractions up to 0.45 yielded bigger vesicles (at identical process conditions). For a cholesterol mol fraction of 0.5 in combination with small filter pore size, a bimodal size distribution was seen indicating cholesterol micro-crystallites. Finally, a protocol is suggested to prepare large (∼ 300 nm) liposomes with rather narrow size distribution, based on the filter extrusion at defined flow-rates in combination with freeze-/thaw-cycling and bench-top centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askell Hinna
- a Department of Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej , Odense , Denmark
| | - Frank Steiniger
- b Center for Electron Microscopy of the Medical Faculty, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Ziegelmühlenweg , Jena , Germany , and
| | | | - Paul Stein
- a Department of Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej , Odense , Denmark
| | - Judith Kuntsche
- a Department of Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej , Odense , Denmark
| | - Martin Brandl
- a Department of Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej , Odense , Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan S Pattni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vladimir V Chupin
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Shrestha R, Cardenas AE, Elber R, Webb LJ. Measurement of the membrane dipole electric field in DMPC vesicles using vibrational shifts of p-cyanophenylalanine and molecular dynamics simulations. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:2869-76. [PMID: 25602635 DOI: 10.1021/jp511677j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of the membrane dipole field was measured using vibrational Stark effect (VSE) shifts of nitrile oscillators placed on the unnatural amino acid p-cyanophenylalanine (p-CN-Phe) added to a peptide sequence at four unique positions. These peptides, which were based on a repeating alanine-leucine motif, intercalated into small unilamellar DMPC vesicles which formed an α-helix as confirmed by circular dichroic (CD) spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations of the membrane-intercalated helix containing two of the nitrile probes, one near the headgroup region of the lipid (αLAX(25)) and one buried in the interior of the bilayer (αLAX(16)), were used to examine the structure of the nitrile with respect to the membrane normal, the assumed direction of the dipole field, by quantifying both a small tilt of the helix in the bilayer and conformational rotation of the p-CN-Phe side chain at steady state. Vibrational absorption energies of the nitrile oscillator at each position showed a systematic blue shift as the nitrile was stepped toward the membrane interior; for several different concentrations of peptide, the absorption energy of the nitrile located in the middle of the bilayer was ∼3 cm(-1) greater than that of the nitrile closest to the surface of the membrane. Taken together, the measured VSE shifts and nitrile orientations within the membrane resulted in an absolute magnitude of 8-11 MV/cm for the dipole field, at the high end of the range of possible values that have been accumulated from a variety of indirect measurements. Implications for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebika Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, §Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, and ∥Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Effect of lamellarity and size on calorimetric phase transitions in single component phosphatidylcholine vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:532-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Novel methods for liposome preparation. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 177:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rondeau E, Holzapfel S, Engel H, Windhab EJ. Vesicles and Composite Particles by Rotating Membrane Pore Extrusion. UPSCALING OF BIO-NANO-PROCESSES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43899-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Engel H, Rondeau E, Windhab EJ, Walde P. External surface area determination of lipid vesicles using trinitrobenzene sulfonate and ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry. Anal Biochem 2013; 442:262-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chattopadhyay S, Ehrman SH, Venkataraman C. Size distribution and dye release properties of submicron liposome aerosols. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alhariri M, Azghani A, Omri A. Liposomal antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1515-32. [PMID: 23886421 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.822860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liposomal delivery systems have been utilized in developing effective therapeutics against cancer and targeting microorganisms in and out of host cells and within biofilm community. The most attractive feature of liposome-based drugs are enhancing therapeutic index of the new or existing drugs while minimizing their adverse effects. AREAS COVERED This communication provides an overview on several aspects of liposomal antibiotics including the most widely used preparation techniques for encapsulating different agents and the most important characteristic parameters applied for examining shape, size and stability of the spherical vesicles. In addition, the routes of administration, liposome-cell interactions and host parameters affecting the biodistribution of liposomes are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes are safe and suitable for delivery of variety of molecules and drugs in biomedical research and medicine. They are known to improve the therapeutic index of encapsulated agents and reduce drug toxicity. Recent studies on liposomal formulation of chemotherapeutic and bioactive agents and their targeted delivery show liposomal antibiotics potential in the treatment of microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moayad Alhariri
- Laurentian University, The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 , Canada +1 705 675 1151 ext. 2190 ; +1 705675 4844 ;
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Brinkmann-Trettenes U, Stein PC, Klösgen B, Bauer-Brandl A. A method for simultaneous quantification of phospholipid species by routine 31P NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:708-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stampoulis P, Ueda T, Matsumoto M, Terasawa H, Miyano K, Sumimoto H, Shimada I. Atypical membrane-embedded phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2)-binding site on p47(phox) Phox homology (PX) domain revealed by NMR. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17848-17859. [PMID: 22493288 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.332874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Phox homology (PX) domain is a functional module that targets membranes through specific interactions with phosphoinositides. The p47(phox) PX domain preferably binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P(2)) and plays a pivotal role in the assembly of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. We describe the PI(3,4)P(2) binding mode of the p47(phox) PX domain as identified by a transferred cross-saturation experiment. The identified PI(3,4)P(2)-binding site, which includes the residues of helices α1 and α1' and the following loop up to the distorted left-handed PP(II) helix, is located at a unique position, as compared with the phosphoinositide-binding sites of all other PX domains characterized thus far. Mutational analyses corroborated the results of the transferred cross-saturation experiments. Moreover, experiments with intact cells demonstrated the importance of this unique binding site for the function of the NADPH oxidase. The low affinity and selectivity of the atypical phosphoinositide-binding site on the p47(phox) PX domain suggest that different types of phosphoinositides sequentially bind to the p47(phox) PX domain, allowing the regulation of the multiple events that characterize the assembly and activation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Stampoulis
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033; Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo 104-0032
| | - Takumi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Masahiko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Hiroaki Terasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Kei Miyano
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582
| | - Ichio Shimada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033; Biomedicinal Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
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Schwarz JC, Kählig H, Matsko NB, Kratzel M, Husa M, Valenta C. Decrease of Liposomal Size and Retarding Effect on Fluconazole Skin Permeation by Lysine Derivatives. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2911-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gentine P, Bubel A, Crucifix C, Bourel-Bonnet L, Frisch B. Manufacture of liposomes by isopropanol injection: characterization of the method. J Liposome Res 2011; 22:18-30. [PMID: 21699436 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.584318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Unilamellar liposomes are conventionally prepared by rapid injection of an ethanolic solution of lipids into an aqueous medium. The aim of the present study was to control, more efficiently, vesicle diameter by using an alternative solvent. The results show that isopropanol injection is a good alternative to ethanol injection for the manufacture of liposomes. Particle size can be controlled by the variation of process parameters, such as stirring speed of the aqueous phase and injection flow rate of lipid-isopropanol solution. Diameter of vesicles obtained by this method is less affected by the nature of phospholipid, as well as lipid concentration, than in the ethanol-injection process. In addition, the vesicles are generally smaller (approximately 40-210 nm). Accurate characterization of the particles, by fluorescence, (31)P-NMR, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy, showed that particles are formed of a single lipid bilayer around an aqueous cavity. We thus provide the scientific community with a fully characterized alternative method to produce unilamellar vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gentine
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Equipe de BioVectorologie, Université de Strasbourg , CNRS/UdS-UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch , France
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Analysis of process parameters on the characteristics of liposomes prepared by ethanol injection with a view to process scale-up: Effect of temperature and batch volume. Chem Eng Res Des 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
One challenge in developing a nanoparticle drug-delivery system is understanding the critical physicochemical properties that may impact its in vivo performance and establishing analytical techniques that can adequately characterize in vitro and in vivo properties. Doxil®/Caelyx®, a PEGylated liposomal doxorubincin (PLD), is one of the leading approved nanoparticle product used in cancer therapy. In this review, we use PLD as an example to illustrate identification of key in vitro and in vivo characteristics. The following characteristics, including liposome composition, state of encapsulated drug, internal environment of liposome, liposome size distribution, lamellarity, grafted polyethylene glycol at the liposome surface, electrical surface potential or charge, and in vitro leakage, are considered critical to demonstrate the supramolecular structure of PLD and ensure consistent drug delivery to cancer tissues. Corresponding analytical techniques are discussed to determine these liposome characteristics. Furthermore, in vivo stability of the PLD can be determined by plasma pharmacokinetics of both free and liposome-encapsulated drug. A better understanding of the critical in vitro and in vivo liposome characteristics together with improvements in analytical technology will enable generic liposome product development and ensure liposome product quality.
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