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Latency to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor vs benzodiazepine treatment in patients with panic disorder: a naturalistic study. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:46-52. [PMID: 34736545 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852921000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder (PD) is a prevalent and impairing anxiety disorder with previous reports suggesting that the longer the condition remains untreated, the greater the likelihood of nonresponse. However, patients with PD may wait for years before receiving a guideline-recommended pharmacological treatment. The widespread prescription of benzodiazepines (BDZ) for managing anxiety symptoms and disorders might delay the administration of pharmacotherapy according to guidelines (eg, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs). The present study aimed to determine the mean duration of untreated illness (DUI) in a sample of PD patients, to quantify and compare DUI-SSRI to DUI-BDZ, and to compare findings with those from previous investigations. METHODS Three hundred and fourteen patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition diagnosis of PD were recruited from an Italian outpatient psychotherapy unit, and epidemiological and clinical variables were retrieved from medical records. Descriptive statistical analyses were undertaken for sociodemographic and clinical variables, Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test was applied to compare the distribution of DUI-SSRI vs DUI-BDZ, and Welch's t test was performed to compare findings with those from previous studies. RESULTS The mean DUI-SSRI of the total sample was 64.25 ± 112.74 months, while the mean DUI-BDZ was significantly shorter (35.09 ± 78.62 months; P < 0.0001). A significantly longer DUI-SSRI, compared to findings from previous studies, was also observed. CONCLUSIONS The present results confirm a substantial delay in implementing adequate pharmacological treatments in patients with PD, and highlight the discrepancy between recommendations from international treatment guidelines and common clinical practice in relation to BDZ prescription.
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Barzega G, Maina G, Venturello S, Bogetto F. Gender-related distribution of personality disorders in a sample of patients with panic disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 16:173-9. [PMID: 11353596 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(01)00560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryObjectiveWe examined gender differences in the frequency of DSM-IV personality disorder diagnoses in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of panic disorder (PD).MethodOne hundred and eighty-four outpatients with a principal diagnosis of PD (DSM-IV) were enrolled. All patients were evaluated with a semi-structured interview to collect demographic and clinical data and to generate Axis I and Axis II diagnoses in accordance with DSM-IV criteria.ResultsMales were significantly more likely than females to meet diagnoses for schizoid and borderline personality disorder. Compared to males, females predominated in histrionic and cluster C diagnoses, particularly dependent personality disorder diagnoses. A significant interaction was found between female sex and agoraphobia on personality disorder (PD) distribution.ConclusionsMale PD patients seem to be characterized by more severe personality disorders, while female PD patients, particularly with co-morbid agoraphobia, have higher co-morbidity rates with personality disorders belonging to the ‘anxious-fearful cluster’.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barzega
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Section Via Cherasco 11 10126, Torino, Italy
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Matthies S, Schiele MA, Koentges C, Pini S, Schmahl C, Domschke K. Please Don't Leave Me-Separation Anxiety and Related Traits in Borderline Personality Disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20:83. [PMID: 30155649 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In light of the apparent symptomatic resemblance of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms on the one hand and abandonment fears, anxiousness, and separation insecurity central to borderline personality disorder (BPD) on the other hand, a comprehensive overview of separation anxiety and related traits in BPD is provided. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological, environmental, psychological, and neurobiological data connecting BPD to separation events, feelings of loneliness, insecure attachment styles, dimensional separation anxiety as well as SAD per se suggest a partly shared etiological pathway model underlying BPD and SAD. Differential diagnostic aspects and implications for treatment are discussed, highlighting separation anxiety as a promising transdiagnostic target for specific psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment approaches in BPD. This innovative angle on cross-disorder symptomatology might carry potential for novel preventive and therapeutic avenues in clinical practice by guiding the development of interventions specifically targeting separation anxiety and attachment-related issues in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Matthies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam A Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christa Koentges
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Pini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Sugaya N, Yoshida E, Yasuda S, Tochigi M, Takei K, Otowa T, Umekage T, Konishi Y, Sakano Y, Nomura S, Okazaki Y, Kaiya H, Tanii H, Sasaki T. Anger tendency may be associated with duration of illness in panic disorder. Biopsychosoc Med 2015; 9:6. [PMID: 25745511 PMCID: PMC4349781 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-015-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have reported an increased tendency towards anger in patients with panic disorder (PD). If this propensity for anger arises from the pathological process of PD, it may be associated with the duration of the illness. The present study therefore examined the relationship between duration of PD and the personality tendency to experience anger in PD patients. Methods Participants were 413 patients (132 men and 281 women; age = 38.7 years) with PD. Diagnoses were confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Illness duration ranged from less than a year to 51 years. After participants completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, we examined the association between illness duration and the Angry Hostility and Impulsiveness subscale scores. In the analysis, participants were divided into two groups by duration of illness (long group, n = 186 and short group, n = 200) using the median value (9 years) as a cut-off because of the skewed distribution of the duration. Patients with an illness duration of 9 years (n = 27) were excluded from the comparison. Results The duration of illness was significantly correlated with the Angry Hostility score (p = 0.002) after controlling for age. Scores were significantly higher in the long group than in the short group (p = 0.04). No significant association was observed between Impulsiveness scores and duration of illness. Conclusion The present study suggests that longer PD duration is related to a stronger tendency to experience anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Sugaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Eiji Yoshida
- Outpatient Clinic for Anxiety Disorders, Akasaka Clinic, 3-9-18 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052 Japan
| | - Shin Yasuda
- Outpatient Clinic for Anxiety Disorders, Akasaka Clinic, 3-9-18 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052 Japan ; Kinkou Hospital, Kanagawa Psychiatric Center, 2-5-1, Serigaya, Kounan-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 233-0006 Japan ; Neural Plasticity Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tochigi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kunio Takei
- Health Service Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654 Japan ; Office for Mental Health Support, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654 Japan
| | - Takeshi Otowa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tadashi Umekage
- Health Service Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Konishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Yuji Sakano
- School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 2-5 Ainosato, Kita-ku,, Sapporo, Hokkaido 002-8072 Japan
| | - Shinobu Nomura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Koseikai Michinoo Hospital, 1-1 Nijigaoka-machi, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki 852-8055 Japan
| | - Hisanobu Kaiya
- Outpatient Clinic for Anxiety Disorders, Akasaka Clinic, 3-9-18 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052 Japan ; Research Center for Panic Disorder, Nagoya Mental Clinic, 1-16 Tsubaki-cho, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 453-0015 Japan
| | - Hisashi Tanii
- Department of Psychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan ; Research Center for Panic Disorder, Nagoya Mental Clinic, 1-16 Tsubaki-cho, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 453-0015 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Office for Mental Health Support, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654 Japan ; Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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Co-occurrence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms with other psychopathology in young adults: parenting style as a moderator. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 57:85-96. [PMID: 25465651 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which parenting styles can influence secondary psychiatric symptoms among young adults with ADHD symptoms is unknown. This issue was investigated in a sample of 2284 incoming college students (male, 50.6%), who completed standardized questionnaires about adult ADHD symptoms, other DSM-IV symptoms, and their parents' parenting styles before their ages of 16. Among them, 2.8% and 22.8% were classified as having ADHD symptoms and sub-threshold ADHD symptoms, respectively. Logistic regression was used to compare the comorbid rates of psychiatric symptoms among the ADHD, sub-threshold ADHD and non-ADHD groups while multiple linear regressions were used to examine the moderating role of gender and parenting styles over the associations between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms. Both ADHD groups were significantly more likely than other incoming students to have other DSM-IV symptoms. Parental care was negatively associated and parental overprotection/control positively associated with these psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, significant interactions were found of parenting style with both threshold and sub-threshold ADHD in predicting wide-ranging comorbid symptoms. Specifically, the associations of ADHD with some externalizing symptoms were inversely related to level of paternal care, while associations of ADHD and sub-threshold ADHD with wide-ranging comorbid symptoms were positively related to level of maternal and paternal overprotection/control. These results suggest that parenting styles may modify the effects of ADHD on the risk of a wide range of temporally secondary DSM-IV symptoms among incoming college students, although other causal dynamics might be at work that need to be investigated in longitudinal studies.
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Kipper L, Wachleski C, Salum GA, Heldt E, Blaya C, Manfro GG. Can psychopharmacological treatment change personality traits in patients with panic disorder? BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2011; 31:307-13. [PMID: 20098823 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462009000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects that a particular psychopharmacological treatment has on personality patterns in patients with panic disorder. METHOD Forty-seven patients with panic disorder and 40 controls were included in the study. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were used to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnoses and personality traits, respectively. Patients were treated with sertraline for 16 weeks. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the score on 8 of the 10 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales. In addition, neurotic triad and psychasthenia personality scores were higher among panic disorder patients, even during the posttreatment asymptomatic phase, than among controls. CONCLUSION In the asymptomatic phase of the disease, panic disorder patients present a particular neurotic/anxious personality pattern. This pattern, although altered in the presence of acute symptoms, could be a focus of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Kipper
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Fassino S, Amianto F, Gastaldi F, Abbate-Daga G, Brambilla F, Leombruni P. Personality trait interactions in parents of patients with borderline personality disorder: a controlled study using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Psychiatry Res 2009; 165:128-36. [PMID: 19081640 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Family environment is a pathogenic factor of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the personality traits of patients with BPD and their parents have never been assessed using the same instrument and then examined for relationships. In the present study, we explored the temperament and character traits of BPD patients and their parents to investigate possible interactions. In total, 56 patients with BPD and their parents were evaluated with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and compared with 53 control families. Discriminant and correlation analyses indicated that subjects with BPD displayed higher levels of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and self-transcendence and lower levels of self-directedness than control subjects. Their fathers displayed higher levels of novelty seeking and lower levels of persistence and self-directedness, and their mothers displayed lower levels of self-directedness compared with levels in control parents. In BPD families, temperament and character traits displayed high levels of discriminatory power. Novelty seeking in offspring with borderline personality disorder was significantly correlated with their mothers' novelty seeking and their fathers' self-transcendence. Self-directedness in borderline offspring was significantly correlated with both their mothers' and fathers' novelty seeking, and their self-transcendence was significantly correlated with their mothers' novelty seeking and harm avoidance. The different correlational pattern for borderline and control families is discussed. Characteristic personality patterns were found in BPD offspring and in both parents. The relationship between personality traits of borderline offspring and those of their parents may be related to both genetic transmission and family dynamics. Ramifications for treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secondo Fassino
- Neurosciences Department, Psychiatry Section, University of Torino School of Medicine, Health Territorial District 3, Turin, Italy.
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Wachleski C, Salum GA, Blaya C, Kipper L, Paludo A, Salgado AP, Manfro GG. Harm avoidance and self-directedness as essential features of panic disorder patients. Compr Psychiatry 2008; 49:476-81. [PMID: 18702933 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to compare the personality traits assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) between patients with panic disorder (PD) and a control group in a Brazilian sample. METHODS One hundred thirty-five patients with PD paired according to sex and age with 135 controls without any psychiatric disorders were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a structured interview. Temperament and character were assessed with the TCI. RESULTS Consistently, patients with PD presented higher scores on the harm avoidance (HA) temperament scale (23.20 +/- 5.41 vs 15.21 +/- 4.92; P < .001) and lower scores on the self-directedness (SD) (27.81 +/- 7.25 vs 35.16 +/- 5.47; P < .001) if compared to the control group and has been associated independently from other TCI scales and confounders with PD. The multivariate logistic model containing HA and SD explains 38.6% to 51.4% of the differences between PD and controls. CONCLUSIONS Harm avoidance could be a good candidate to be heritable because it appears to be a consistent finding across current literature in anxious and depressed patients independent of their cultural context. Also, SD seems to be a key character characteristic of PD patients. The dimensional assessment is an interesting alternative for understanding the relationship between the psychobiologic bases of temperament and character and is highly related to the development of psychiatric syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Wachleski
- Anxiety Disorder Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Carrera M, Herrán A, Ramírez ML, Ayestarán A, Sierra-Biddle D, Hoyuela F, Rodríguez-Cabo B, Vázquez-Barquero JL. Personality traits in early phases of panic disorder: implications on the presence of agoraphobia, clinical severity and short-term outcome. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 114:417-25. [PMID: 17087790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relations between personality traits using the Big Five model and presence of agoraphobia, clinical severity and short-term outcome in an unbiased clinical sample of never-treated panic disorder patients. METHOD Panic disorder (PD) patients (n = 103) in the first stages of their illness were evaluated using the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five Factor Inventory of Personality (NEO-FFI) and were compared with a sample of healthy subjects. Severity was assessed by the Panic Disorder Severity Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scales. Patients were evaluated after 8 weeks of naturalistic pharmacologic treatment with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. RESULTS Panic disorder patients show more neuroticism than healthy subjects. Patients suffering from agoraphobia are more introverted than controls. Extraversion, in addition to gender and distress, during panic attacks allows to correctly classifying 72% of the cases of agoraphobia. CONCLUSION Low scores in extraversion contribute to explain the presence of agoraphobia in panic disorder. Personality traits are neither related to clinical severity nor to short-term response to pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrera
- Department of Psychiatry, Panic Disorder Unit, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Johnson JG, Cohen P, Kasen S, Brook JS. Personality disorders evident by early adulthood and risk for anxiety disorders during middle adulthood. J Anxiety Disord 2006; 20:408-26. [PMID: 16054332 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Data from the Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation, were used to investigate the association of personality disorder (PD) traits, evident by early adulthood, with risk for development of anxiety disorders by middle adulthood. Individuals without a history of anxiety disorders who met diagnostic criteria for >or=1 PD by early adulthood were at markedly elevated risk for agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and panic disorder by middle adulthood. Antisocial, avoidant, borderline, dependent, depressive, histrionic, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, and schizotypal PD traits, evident by early adulthood, were associated with elevated risk for >or=1 anxiety disorder during middle adulthood. These associations remained significant after a history of anxiety disorder and co-occurring Axis I psychiatric disorder was controlled statistically. Findings of this study suggest that some types of PD traits that become evident by early adulthood may contribute to increased risk for the development of anxiety disorders by middle adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Johnson
- Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, Box 47, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Becker P, Jürgensen R, Rüddel H. Eignen sich die SCL-90-R sowie drei Persönlichkeitsfragebogen für die Differentialdiagnostik von Patienten aus unterschiedlichen diagnostischen Kategorien? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2002. [DOI: 10.1026/0084-5345.31.4.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Eignung der SCL-90-R und von Persönlichkeitsfragebogen für die Differentialdiagnostik verschiedener klinischer Gruppen ist umstritten. Fragestellung: Überprüfung der Eignung der SCL-90-R sowie von drei neu entwickelten Persönlichkeitsfragebogen zur Differentialdiagnostik von Patienten aus sechs diagnostischen Kategorien psychischer Störungen. Methode: Untersuchung von 168 Patienten mit mittelgradigen bzw. schweren Depressionen, anhaltenden Schmerzstörungen, Anpassungsstörungen, Agoraphobien und Essstörungen mit der SCL-90-R, dem Fragebogen zu Kompetenz- und Kontrollüberzeugungen, dem Fragebogen zum selbstbezogenen Verhalten und dem Fragebogen zur habituellen körperlichen Gesundheit. Ergebnisse: Alle vier diagnostischen Verfahren tragen zur Differentialdiagnostik bei. Es lassen sich spezifische Profile der sechs klinischen Gruppen erstellen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die neun Skalen der SCL-90-R messen primär einen starken Faktor. Der klinische Einsatz der drei Persönlichkeitsfragebogen kann empfohlen werden. Neben Symptomen tragen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften zur Charakterisierung klinischer Gruppen bei und erleichtern die Therapieplanung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Jürgensen
- Psychosomatische Fachklinik St. Franziska Stift Bad Kreuznach und Forschungszentrum für Psychosomatik und Psychobiologie (FPP), Universität Trier
| | - Heinz Rüddel
- Psychosomatische Fachklinik St. Franziska Stift Bad Kreuznach und Forschungszentrum für Psychosomatik und Psychobiologie (FPP), Universität Trier
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Willinger U, Heiden AM, Meszaros K, Formann AK, Aschauer HN. Maternal bonding behaviour in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, considering premorbid personality traits. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002; 36:663-8. [PMID: 12225451 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bonding between mother and child is described as a complex two-way process ensuring the needs of the child for nurture and protection. As such, it is dependent on the contribution of mother and child [1-3] whereby characteristics of personality of the child may have consequences on maternal bonding behaviour. In the current study the perception of maternal behaviour, premorbid personality traits and relationships between maternal behaviour and personality traits were investigated in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients and their same-sex, healthy siblings. METHODS We recruited 36 schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients and their same-sex healthy siblings. Information about maternal bonding behaviour was assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument, information about premorbid personality traits was obtained from their mothers using the "Giessen-Test". RESULTS Compared to their siblings, patients showed less social resonance, more permeability, less social competence and a more depressed and anxious mood. Furthermore, patients described their mothers to be less caring and to be more overprotective than their siblings described them. But there were strong associations between maternal bonding behaviour and premorbid personality traits. These findings were supported by missing significant differences in maternal care behaviour between patients and siblings when using premorbid characteristics as covariates. Significant high maternal overprotection perceived by patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders still remained after correcting for the influence of premorbid personality traits. CONCLUSION The results suggest that premorbid personality traits should be considered not only in analyses of maternal care behaviour in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients but also when studying other psychiatric patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Willinger
- Outpatient Clinic for Genetic Counseling, Department of General Psychiatry, Hospital for Psychiatry, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Shear MK, Rucci P, Williams J, Frank E, Grochocinski V, Vander Bilt J, Houck P, Wang T. Reliability and validity of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale: replication and extension. J Psychiatr Res 2001; 35:293-6. [PMID: 11591432 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) is a recently developed seven-item instrument to rate overall severity of Panic Disorder. The scale has previously shown good psychometric properties in a sample of Panic Disorder patients with no more than mild agoraphobia. The purpose of this paper is to confirm reliability and validity, to provide an estimate of a cut-score discriminating the presence or absence of current DSM-IV Panic Disorder, and to determine the factor structure of the instrument. PROCEDURES 104 psychiatric outpatients, including 54 with current Panic Disorder, underwent structured diagnostic assessment and the PDSS interview. The PDSS was repeated within 3-17 days. RESULTS we confirmed reliability and validity of the instrument and found a one-factor solution fit the data. A cut-off score of eight identifies patients with current panic with a sensitivity of 83.3%, and a specificity of 64%. CONCLUSION the PDSS is a simple, reliable instrument for use in Panic Disorder studies. A cut-score of eight may be useful as a tool to screen patients in settings such as primary care, for diagnosis-level symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Shear
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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