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Yildiz Pehlivan D, Kara AY, Koyu A, Simsek F. Enhancing fentanyl antinociception and preventing tolerance with α-2 adrenoceptor agonists in rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114726. [PMID: 37865211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Fentanyl (FEN) is a potent opioid analgesic used for pain management. Opioid analgesic tolerance poses a significant challenge to the clinical utility of opioid agonists. Preventing the development of tolerance to opioid analgesia is crucial for improving its efficacy and safety. The noradrenergic system is involved in pain regulation. This study examined the effects of α-2 adrenoceptor (AR) agonists, dexmedetomidine (DEX), and xylazine (XYL) on FEN tolerance and antinociception, and their impact on μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression in the posterior horn of the spinal cord (SC). Male rats were divided into six groups and treated with different drug combinations for three consecutive days. Analgesia tests and motor performance assessments were conducted, followed by SC analysis using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Analgesia tests revealed the development of FEN tolerance on the second day, but the groups receiving combined drugs did not develop tolerance. Instead, FEN antinociception was enhanced, with a prolonged duration of its effects. None of the drugs caused sedation or motor impairment, and SC morphology appeared normal. MOR expression levels did not differ significantly between the groups based on IHC analysis. These findings suggest that changes in the secondary messenger system may play a role in the early development of FEN tolerance. Combining drugs can prevent tolerance, while enhancing FEN's antinociceptive effects. These results have promising implications for chronic pain management; however, further research is needed to explore the molecular effects of α-2 AR agonists on FEN tolerance. Overall, this study sheds light on the mechanism of FEN tolerance and identifies potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yildiz Pehlivan
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Yucel Kara
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Koyu
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Simsek
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Root-Bernstein R. Biased, Bitopic, Opioid-Adrenergic Tethered Compounds May Improve Specificity, Lower Dosage and Enhance Agonist or Antagonist Function with Reduced Risk of Tolerance and Addiction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:214. [PMID: 35215326 PMCID: PMC8876737 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes the design of combination opioid-adrenergic tethered compounds to enhance efficacy and specificity, lower dosage, increase duration of activity, decrease side effects, and reduce risk of developing tolerance and/or addiction. Combinations of adrenergic and opioid drugs are sometimes used to improve analgesia, decrease opioid doses required to achieve analgesia, and to prolong the duration of analgesia. Recent mechanistic research suggests that these enhanced functions result from an allosteric adrenergic binding site on opioid receptors and, conversely, an allosteric opioid binding site on adrenergic receptors. Dual occupancy of the receptors maintains the receptors in their high affinity, most active states; drops the concentration of ligand required for full activity; and prevents downregulation and internalization of the receptors, thus inhibiting tolerance to the drugs. Activation of both opioid and adrenergic receptors also enhances heterodimerization of the receptors, additionally improving each drug's efficacy. Tethering adrenergic drugs to opioids could produce new drug candidates with highly desirable features. Constraints-such as the locations of the opioid binding sites on adrenergic receptors and adrenergic binding sites on opioid receptors, length of tethers that must govern the design of such novel compounds, and types of tethers-are described and examples of possible structures provided.
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Foster SL, Galaj E, Karne SL, Ferré S, Weinshenker D. Cell-type specific expression and behavioral impact of galanin and GalR1 in the locus coeruleus during opioid withdrawal. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13037. [PMID: 33768673 PMCID: PMC8376771 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide galanin is reported to attenuate opioid withdrawal symptoms, potentially by reducing neuronal hyperactivity in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) via galanin receptor 1 (GalR1). We evaluated this mechanism by using RNAscope in situ hybridization to characterize GalR1 mRNA distribution in the dorsal pons and to compare galanin and GalR1 mRNA expression in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) LC cells at baseline and following chronic morphine or precipitated withdrawal. We then used genetically altered mouse lines and pharmacology to test whether noradrenergic galanin (NE-Gal) modulates withdrawal symptoms. RNAscope revealed that, while GalR1 signal was evident in the dorsal pons, 80.7% of the signal was attributable to TH- neurons outside the LC. Galanin and TH mRNA were abundant in LC cells at baseline and were further increased by withdrawal, whereas low basal GalR1 mRNA expression was unaltered by chronic morphine or withdrawal. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in mice lacking NE-Gal (GalcKO-Dbh ) were largely similar to WT littermates, indicating that loss of NE-Gal does not exacerbate withdrawal. Complementary experiments using NE-Gal overexpressor mice (NE-Gal OX) and systemic administration of the galanin receptor agonist galnon revealed that increasing galanin signaling also failed to alter behavioral withdrawal, while suppressing noradrenergic transmission with the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine attenuated multiple symptoms. These results indicate that galanin does not acutely attenuate precipitated opioid withdrawal via an LC-specific mechanism, which has important implications for the general role of galanin in regulation of somatic and affective opioid responses and LC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Foster
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ewa Galaj
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saumya L. Karne
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA,Correspondence: David Weinshenker, PhD, Department of Human Genetics, 615 Michael St, Whitehead 301, Atlanta, GA 30322, , Fax: (404) 727-3949
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4
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Wilson LL, Chakraborty S, Eans SO, Cirino TJ, Stacy HM, Simons CA, Uprety R, Majumdar S, McLaughlin JP. Kratom Alkaloids, Natural and Semi-Synthetic, Show Less Physical Dependence and Ameliorate Opioid Withdrawal. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1131-1143. [PMID: 33433723 PMCID: PMC8164968 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic administration of opioids produces physical dependence and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Users claim the Thai traditional tea "kratom" and component alkaloid mitragynine ameliorate opioid withdrawal without increased sensitivity to pain. Testing these claims, we assessed the combined kratom alkaloid extract (KAE) and two individual alkaloids, mitragynine (MG) and the analog mitragynine pseudoindoxyl (MP), evaluating their ability to produce physical dependence and induce hyperalgesia after chronic administration, and as treatments for withdrawal in morphine-dependent subjects. C57BL/6J mice (n = 10/drug) were administered repeated saline, or graded, escalating doses of morphine (intraperitoneal; i.p.), kratom alkaloid extract (orally, p.o.), mitragynine (p.o.), or MP (subcutaneously, s.c.) for 5 days. Mice treated chronically with morphine, KAE, or mitragynine demonstrated significant drug-induced hyperalgesia by day 5 in a 48 °C warm-water tail-withdrawal test. Mice were then administered naloxone (10 mg/kg, s.c.) and tested for opioid withdrawal signs. Kratom alkaloid extract and the two individual alkaloids demonstrated significantly fewer naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs than morphine-treated mice. Additional C57BL/6J mice made physically dependent on morphine were then used to test the therapeutic potential of combined KAE, mitragynine, or MP given twice daily over the next 3 days at either a fixed dose or in graded, tapering descending doses. When administered naloxone, mice treated with KAE, mitragynine, or MP under either regimen demonstrated significantly fewer signs of precipitated withdrawal than control mice that continued to receive morphine. In conclusion, while retaining some liabilities, kratom, mitragynine, and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl produced significantly less physical dependence and ameliorated precipitated withdrawal in morphine-dependent animals, suggesting some clinical value.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitragyna
- Morphine Dependence/metabolism
- Morphine Dependence/prevention & control
- Morphine Dependence/psychology
- Pain Measurement/drug effects
- Pain Measurement/methods
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/administration & dosage
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/adverse effects
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/chemical synthesis
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/isolation & purification
- Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism
- Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control
- Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Wilson
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Soumen Chakraborty
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shainnel O Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Thomas J Cirino
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Heather M Stacy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Chloe A Simons
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rajendra Uprety
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program and Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Esmaili-Shahzade-Ali-Akbari P, Hosseinzadeh H, Mehri S. Effect of suvorexant on morphine tolerance and dependence in mice: Role of NMDA, AMPA, ERK and CREB proteins. Neurotoxicology 2021; 84:64-72. [PMID: 33609567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The major problems of morphine use in the clinic are its tolerance and dependence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of suvorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, on morphine-induced dependence and tolerance in mice and evaluate the level of NMDA, AMPA, ERK, p-ERK, CREB and p-CREB proteins in the brain. Tolerance and dependence were induced by repeated injection of morphine in mice (three times a day for 3 days, 50, 50, and 75 mg/kg /day). To evaluate the effects of the drugs on morphine-induced tolerance and dependence, suvorexant (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg), clonidine (positive control, 0.1 mg/kg) and saline were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before each injection of morphine. Tolerance and locomotor activity were assessed by tail-flick and open-field tests, respectively. The effect of suvorexant on the naloxone (5 mg/kg, ip)-induced morphine withdrawal, was also evaluated. Finally, the expression of proteins in the brain of mice was measured by western blot. Administration of suvorexant with morphine significantly reduced morphine-induced tolerance. Also, suvorexant attenuated the naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal. Suvorexant decreased morphine-enhanced levels of CREB and p-ERK proteins but did not affect the expression of NMDA and AMPA proteins compared to the morphine group. Suvorexant reduced morphine-induced tolerance and dependence through the inhibition of orexin receptors as well as changes in CREB and p-ERK protein levels in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Synergistic interactions between mirtazapine and prazosin prevent the induction and expression of behavioral sensitization to cocaine in rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 180:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Attenuation of opioid tolerance by ET B receptor agonist, IRL-1620, is independent of an accompanied decrease in nerve growth factor in mice. Heliyon 2017. [PMID: 28626808 PMCID: PMC5466593 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM ETA receptor antagonists reverse opioid tolerance but the involvement of ETB receptors is unknown. In morphine or oxycodone tolerant mice we investigated (1) the effect of ETB receptor agonist, IRL-1620, on analgesic tolerance; (2) changes in expression of the brain ETA and ETB receptors; and (3) alterations in the brain VEGF, NGF, PI3K and notch-1 expression. MAIN METHODS Body weight, body temperature, and tail-flick latency were assessed before and after a challenge dose of morphine or oxycodone in vehicle or IRL-1620 treated mice. Expression studies were carried out using Western blots. KEY FINDINGS Tail flick latency to a challenge dose of opioid was significantly increased by IRL-1620 from 39% to 100% in morphine tolerant and from 8% to 83% in oxycodone tolerant mice. Morphine or oxycodone did not alter ETA or ETB receptor expression. IRL-1620 had no effect on ETA however it increased (61%) expression of ETB receptors. IRL-1620-induced increase in ETB receptor expression was attenuated by morphine (39.8%) and oxycodone (51.8%). VEGF expression was not affected by morphine or oxycodone and was unaltered by IRL-1620. However, NGF and PI3K expression was decreased (P < 0.001) by morphine and oxycodone and was unaffected by IRL-1620. Notch-1 expression was not altered by morphine, oxycodone or IRL-1620. SIGNIFICANCE ETB receptor agonist, IRL-1620, restored analgesic tolerance to morphine and oxycodone, but it did not affect morphine and oxycodone induced decrease in NGF/PI3K expression. It is concluded that IRL-1620 attenuates opioid tolerance without the involvement of NGF/PI3K pathway.
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8
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Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Listos J, Gutowska I, Machoy-Mokrzyńska A, Kolasa-Wołosiuk A, Tarnowski M, Puchałowicz K, Prokopowicz A, Talarek S, Listos P, Wąsik A, Chlubek D. Effects of perinatal exposure to lead (Pb) on purine receptor expression in the brain and gliosis in rats tolerant to morphine analgesia. Toxicology 2016; 339:19-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Bhalla S, Pais G, Tapia M, Gulati A. Endothelin ETA receptor antagonist reverses naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:935-44. [PMID: 26440527 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term use of opioids for pain management results in rapid development of tolerance and dependence leading to severe withdrawal symptoms. We have previously demonstrated that endothelin-A (ETA) receptor antagonists potentiate opioid analgesia and eliminate analgesic tolerance. This study was designed to investigate the involvement of central ET mechanisms in opioid withdrawal. The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of ETA receptor antagonist BQ123 on morphine and oxycodone withdrawal was determined in male Swiss Webster mice. Opioid tolerance was induced and withdrawal was precipitated by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Expression of ETA and ETB receptors, nerve growth factor (NGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor was determined in the brain using Western blotting. BQ123 pretreatment reversed hypothermia and weight loss during withdrawal. BQ123 also reduced wet shakes, rearing behavior, and jumping behavior. No changes in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, ETA receptors, and ETB receptors were observed during withdrawal. NGF expression was unaffected in morphine withdrawal but significantly decreased during oxycodone withdrawal. A decrease in NGF expression in oxycodone- but not in morphine-treated mice could be due to mechanistic differences in oxycodone and morphine. It is concluded that ETA receptor antagonists attenuate opioid-induced withdrawal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaifali Bhalla
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Pais
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Melissa Tapia
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Anil Gulati
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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10
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Banerjee TS, Paul S, Sinha S, Das S. Synthesis of iboga-like isoquinuclidines: Dual opioid receptors agonists having antinociceptive properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6062-70. [PMID: 25281271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some novel iboga-analogues consisting of benzofuran moiety and dehydroisoquinuclidine ring connected by -CH2-, (CH2)2 and (CH2)3 linkers have been synthesized with the view to develop potential antinociceptive drugs. The compounds 14 and 21 showed binding at the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), while the compound 11a exhibited dual affinities at both MOR and κ-opioid receptor (KOR). MAP kinase activation indicated all three compounds have opioid agonistic properties. The presence of a double bond and endo-methylcarboxylate group in the dehydroisoquinuclidine ring and the benzofuran and methylene spacer appeared to be essential for opioid receptor binding. Further studies demonstrated 11a caused significant antinociception in mice in the hot-plate test which was comparable to that produced by morphine. The compound 11a was also found to be nontremorigenic unlike various iboga congeners. This study identifies a new pharmacophore which may lead to the development of suitable substitute of morphine in the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Suvro Banerjee
- Neurobiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sibasish Paul
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Surajit Sinha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Sumantra Das
- Neurobiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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11
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Stolz ED, Hasse DR, von Poser GL, Rates SMK. Uliginosin B, a natural phloroglucinol derivative, presents a multimediated antinociceptive effect in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1774-85. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Investigate the involvement of monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems on the antinociceptive and ataxic effects of uliginosin B, which we have already demonstrated to be a promising molecular scaffold to develop new analgesic drugs.
Methods
Uliginosin B was obtained from hexane extract of aerial parts of Hypericum polyanthemum by chromatographic methods. Uliginosin B antinociceptive and motor coordination effects were evaluated in mice by using hot-plate (15 and 90 mg/kg, i.p.) and rotarod (90 mg/kg, i.p.) tests, respectively. The mechanism of action was investigated through pretreatments with prazosin 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal (α1 receptor antagonist), yohimbine 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal (α2 receptor antagonist), pCPA 300 mg/kg intraperitoneal (serotonin synthesis inhibitor) and MK-801 0.25 mg/kg intraperitoneal (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist).
Key findings
The antinociceptive effect of uliginosin B (15 and 90 mg/kg, i.p.) was reduced significantly by pCPA and MK-801. Prazosin and yohimbine improved the antinociceptive effect of the highest dose (90 mg/kg, i.p.) of uliginosin B only. The ataxic effect of uliginosin B (90 mg/kg, i.p.) was completely prevented by pretreatment with pCPA or MK-801, but it was unaffected by pretreatment with prazosin or yohimbine.
Conclusion
These data confirm the contribution of monoaminergic neurotransmission as well as provide the first evidence of glutamatergic neurotransmission contribution to the uliginosin B effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Dischkaln Stolz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego Rafael Hasse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilsane Lino von Poser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stela M K Rates
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Ozdemir E, Gursoy S, Bagcivan I, Durmus N, Altun A. Zimelidine attenuates the development of tolerance to morphine-induced antinociception. Indian J Pharmacol 2012; 44:215-8. [PMID: 22529478 PMCID: PMC3326915 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.93851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate effect of zimelidine (a serotonin reuptake inhibitor) on morphine-induced tolerance in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar albino rats weighing 160-180 g were used in these experiments (n=72). A 3-day cumulative dosing regimen was used for the induction of morphine tolerance. To constitute of morphine tolerance, animals received morphine twice daily for 3 days. After the last dose morphine was injected on the fourth day, morphine tolerance was evaluated. The analgesic effects of zimelidine (15 mg/kg; i.p.) and morphine (5 mg/kg) were considered at 30-min time intervals (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min) by tail-flick and hot-plate analgesiometer (n=6 in each experimental group). RESULTS The results showed that zimelidine significantly attenuated the development and expression of morphine tolerance. The maximal antinociceptive effect of zimelidine was obtained at the 60 minutes measurements in the zimelidine group and at the 30 minutes measurements in the morphine tolerant group by the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Administration of zimelidine with morphine showed additive analgesic effect. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results show that zimelidine reduces the development of tolerance to morphine-induced antinociception in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Ozdemir
- Department of Physiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
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13
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Del Bello F, Diamanti E, Giannella M, Mammoli V, Marchioro C, Mattioli L, Titomanlio F, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Benedetti G, Varrone M, Pigini M. Low Doses of Allyphenyline and Cyclomethyline, Effective against Morphine Dependence, Elicit an Antidepressant-like Effect. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:535-9. [PMID: 24900506 DOI: 10.1021/ml300064v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrated that cyclomethyline (2) and the corresponding enantiomers (R)-(-)-2 and (S)-(+)-2, displaying α2C-adrenoreceptor (AR) agonism/α2A-AR antagonism, similarly to allyphenyline (1) and its enantiomers, significantly decreased the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in mice at very low doses. It also highlighted that such positive effects on morphine dependence can even be improved by additional serotoninergic 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A-R) activation. Indeed, 1 or the single (S)-(+)-1, 2, or both its enantiomers, all behaving as α2C-AR agonists/α2A-AR antagonists/5-HT1A-R agonists, alone and at the same low dose, improved morphine withdrawal syndrome and exerted a potent antidepressant-like effect. Therefore, considering the elevated comorbidity between opiate abuse and depressed mood and the benefit of these multifunctional compounds to both disorders, it is possible that they prove more efficacious and less toxic than a cocktail of drugs in managing opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Diamanti
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Giannella
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Valerio Mammoli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Laura Mattioli
- School
of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy
Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna
delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Titomanlio
- School
of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy
Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna
delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benedetti
- Siena Biotech S.p.A.,
Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Varrone
- Siena Biotech S.p.A.,
Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Pigini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal
Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino,
Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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14
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Gursoy S, Ozdemir E, Bagcivan I, Altun A, Durmus N. Effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists dexmedetomidine and guanfacine on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats. Ups J Med Sci 2011; 116:238-46. [PMID: 21919812 PMCID: PMC3207298 DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2011.597889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha 2 (α(2))-adrenoceptor agonists may be useful for their potential to increase or prolong opioid analgesia while attenuating the development of opioid tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine and guanfacine (α(2)-adrenoceptor agonists) on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar albino rats weighing 195-205 g were used. To constitute morphine tolerance, animals received morphine (50 mg/kg) once daily for 3 days. After the last dose of morphine had been injected on day 4, morphine tolerance was evaluated by analgesia tests. The analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine (20 ug/kg), guanfacine (0.5 mg/kg), MK-467 (0.25 mg/kg), and morphine were estimated at 30-min intervals (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) by tail-flick and hot-plate analgesia tests. RESULTS Our findings indicate that dexmedetomidine and guanfacine attenuated the expression of morphine tolerance. In addition, administration of dexmedetomidine with morphine increased morphine analgesia. On the contrary, data suggested that MK-467 (an α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist) decreased morphine analgesia and increased morphine tolerance in analgesia tests. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we observed that co-injection of dexmedetomidine or guanfacine with morphine attenuated the expression of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine and that dexmedetomidine enhanced the morphine analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Gursoy
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ercan Ozdemir
- Department of Physiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Bagcivan
- Department of Pharmacology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altun
- Department of Pharmacology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nedim Durmus
- Department of Pharmacology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
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15
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Peiró A, Climent L, Zapater P, Horga A, Horga J. Ketanserin potentiates morphine-induced antinociception mediated by kappa-receptor activation. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:80-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Ozdemir E, Bagcivan I, Gursoy S, Altun A, Durmus N. Effects of fluoxetine and LY 365265 on tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 98:205-13. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.98.2011.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Bruijnzeel AW, Bishnoi M, van Tuijl IA, Keijzers KFM, Yavarovich KR, Pasek TM, Ford J, Alexander JC, Yamada H. Effects of prazosin, clonidine, and propranolol on the elevations in brain reward thresholds and somatic signs associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 212:485-99. [PMID: 20697697 PMCID: PMC3042243 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tobacco withdrawal is characterized by a negative mood state and relatively mild somatic symptoms. Increased noradrenergic transmission has been reported to play an important role in opioid withdrawal, but little is known about the role of noradrenergic transmission in nicotine withdrawal. OBJECTIVES The aim of these experiments was to investigate the effects of prazosin, clonidine, and propranolol on the negative mood state and somatic signs associated with nicotine withdrawal in rats. METHODS A discrete-trial intracranial self-stimulation procedure was used to assess the negative affective state of nicotine withdrawal. Elevations in brain reward thresholds are indicative of a deficit in brain reward function. RESULTS In all the experiments, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine (3 mg/kg) elevated the brain reward thresholds of the nicotine-treated rats and did not affect those of the control rats. The α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin (0.0625 and 0.125 mg/kg) dose-dependently attenuated the elevations in brain reward thresholds associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal. The α2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine (10-40 μg/kg) and the nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (2.5-10 mg/kg) did not attenuate the elevations in brain reward thresholds associated with nicotine withdrawal. Furthermore, mecamylamine (2 mg/kg) induced more somatic signs in the nicotine-treated rats than in the control rats. Clonidine and propranolol, but not prazosin, decreased the total number of somatic signs associated with nicotine withdrawal. CONCLUSION Blockade of α1-adrenergic receptors attenuates the deficit in brain reward function associated with nicotine withdrawal. Antagonism of β-adrenergic receptors or stimulation of α2-adrenergic receptors attenuates the somatic symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrie W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 100 S. Newell Dr., P.O. Box 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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18
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Del Bello F, Mattioli L, Ghelfi F, Giannella M, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Cardinaletti C, Perfumi M, Thomas RJ, Zanelli U, Marchioro C, Dal Cin M, Pigini M. Fruitful Adrenergic α2C-Agonism/α2A-Antagonism Combination to Prevent and Contrast Morphine Tolerance and Dependence,. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7825-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100977d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Del Bello
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Mattioli
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Giannella
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudia Cardinaletti
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marina Perfumi
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Russell J. Thomas
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ugo Zanelli
- Siena Biotech SpA, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Marchioro
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Center, via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Cin
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Center, via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Pigini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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19
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Jupp B, Lawrence AJ. New horizons for therapeutics in drug and alcohol abuse. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 125:138-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Cardinaletti C, Mattioli L, Ghelfi F, Del Bello F, Giannella M, Bruzzone A, Paris H, Perfumi M, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Pigini M. Might Adrenergic α2C-Agonists/α2A-Antagonists Become Novel Therapeutic Tools for Pain Treatment with Morphine? J Med Chem 2009; 52:7319-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cardinaletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Giannella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Ariana Bruzzone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hervé Paris
- INSERM Unité 858, I2MR, Bat L3, CHU Rangueil, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Marina Perfumi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Pigini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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21
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The alpha1 adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin reduces heroin self-administration in rats with extended access to heroin administration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 91:295-302. [PMID: 18703080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that noradrenergic antagonists alleviate some of the symptoms of opiate withdrawal and dependence. Clinical studies also have shown that modification of the noradrenergic system may help protect patients from relapse. The present study tested the hypothesis that a dysregulated noradrenergic system has motivational significance in heroin self-administration of dependent rats. Prazosin, an alpha1-adrenergic antagonist (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg, i.p.), was administered to adult male Wistar rats with a history of limited (1 h/day; short access) or extended (12 h/day; long access) access to intravenous heroin self-administration. Prazosin dose-dependently reduced heroin self-administration in long-access rats but not short-access rats, with 2 mg/kg of systemic prazosin significantly decreasing 1 h and 2 h heroin intake. Prazosin also reversed some changes in meal pattern associated with extended heroin access, including the taking of smaller and briefer meals (at 3 h), while also increasing total food intake and slowing the eating rate within meals (both 3 h and 12 h). Thus, prazosin appears to stimulate food intake in extended access rats by restoring meals to the normal size and duration. The data suggest that the alpha1 adrenergic system may contribute to mechanisms that promote dependence in rats with extended access.
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22
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alpha1-noradrenergic receptor antagonism blocks dependence-induced increases in responding for ethanol. Alcohol 2008; 42:91-7. [PMID: 18358987 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that blockade of alpha1-adrenergic receptors may suppress the excessive ethanol consumption associated with acute withdrawal in ethanol-dependent rats. Following the acquisition and stabilization of operant ethanol self-administration in male Wistar rats, dependence was induced in half the animals by subjecting them to a 4-week intermittent vapor exposure period in which animals were exposed to ethanol vapor for 14h/day. Subsequent to dependence induction, the effect of alpha1-noradrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0mg/kg IP) was tested on operant responding for ethanol in vapor-exposed and control rats during acute withdrawal. In ethanol-dependent animals, prazosin significantly suppressed responding at the 1.5 and 2.0mg/kg doses, whereas only the 2.0mg/kg dose was effective in nondependent animals, identifying an increase in the sensitivity to prazosin in dependent animals. Conversely, at the lowest dose tested (0.25mg/kg), prazosin increased responding in nondependent animals, which is consistent with the effect of anxiolytics on ethanol self-administration in nondependent animals. None of the doses tested reliably affected concurrent water self-administration. These results suggest the involvement of the noradrenergic system in the excessive alcohol drinking seen during acute withdrawal in ethanol-dependent rats.
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23
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Boehnlein JK, Kinzie JD. Pharmacologic reduction of CNS noradrenergic activity in PTSD: the case for clonidine and prazosin. J Psychiatr Pract 2007; 13:72-8. [PMID: 17414682 DOI: 10.1097/01.pra.0000265763.79753.c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the neurobiologic rationale for and presents clinical guidance concerning the use of medications that reduce central nervous system noradrenergic activity in the treatment of intrusive symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. The authors reviewed neurobiological studies, nonclinical studies using animal models, clinical case reports, open-label drug studies, and blinded, placebo-controlled drug studies. This review of the basic science and clinical literature, and the authors' clinical experience with culturally and demographically diverse populations, indicate that clonidine and prazosin can play a useful role in treating sleep disturbance and hyperarousal in posttraumatic stress disorder, with minimal adverse effects and low financial cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Boehnlein
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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24
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Wesolowska A, Young S, Dukat M. MD-354 potentiates the antinociceptive effect of clonidine in the mouse tail-flick but not hot-plate assay. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 495:129-36. [PMID: 15249161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Albeit conflicting, evidence suggests that 5-HT3 receptor partial agonists as well as alpha2NON-A-adrenoceptor agonists might be involved in antinociception. MD-354 (m-chlorophenylguanidine) can be viewed as the first example of a rather selective 5-HT3/alpha2B-adrenergic ligand. In a tail-flick test in mice, subcutaneous administration of MD-354 doses up to 30 mg/kg did not produce antinociception and failed to antagonize the effect of clonidine (ED50=0.5 mg/kg), but a combination of an inactive de of clonidine (0.25 mg/kg) that produced only 13% maximal possible effect (MPE) with an inactive dose of MD-354 (10 mg/kg, MPE=8%) produced an antinociceptive effect (MPE=83%). In the hot-plate assay, neither subcutaneous administration of MD-354 (3 to 30 mg/kg) alone nor in combination with clonidine (ED50=0.8 mg/kg) produced an antinociceptive effect. MD-354 was demonstrated to potentiate the antinociceptive effect of clonidine in the tail-flick assay, but its underlying mechanism remains to be determined.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Clonidine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Guanidines/metabolism
- Guanidines/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Pain/prevention & control
- Pain Measurement/methods
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wesolowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980540 VCU, Richmond VA 23298-0540, USA
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25
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Ozdogan UK, Lähdesmäki J, Hakala K, Scheinin M. The involvement of alpha 2A-adrenoceptors in morphine analgesia, tolerance and withdrawal in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 497:161-71. [PMID: 15306201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 06/24/2004] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists potentiate opioid analgesia and alleviate opioid withdrawal. The effects of two alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists, clonidine (2 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (20 and 100 microg/kg), and the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (0.5 mg/kg) were tested on morphine analgesia, tolerance, and withdrawal in wild-type and alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor knock-out (KO) mice. Analgesia and tolerance were assessed with the tail-flick test. Withdrawal was precipitated with naloxone. Prazosin potentiated morphine analgesia equally in both genotypes. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine had no analgesic effects in alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor KO mice, but morphine analgesia and tolerance were similar in both genotypes. Alpha(2A)-Adrenoceptor KO mice exhibited 70% fewer naloxone-precipitated jumps than wild-type mice; weight loss was similar in both genotypes. The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists reduced opioid withdrawal signs only in wild-type mice. We conclude that alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors are not directly involved in morphine analgesia and tolerance, and not critical for potentiation of morphine analgesia by prazosin, but that alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors modulate the expression of opioid withdrawal signs in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Kazim Ozdogan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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26
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Abstract
This paper is the 26th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It summarizes papers published during 2003 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology, Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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27
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Martin LJ, Persinger MA. Thermal analgesia induced by 30-min exposure to 1 μT burst-firing magnetic fields is strongly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by the α2 agonist clonidine in rats. Neurosci Lett 2004; 366:226-9. [PMID: 15276252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Revised: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 05/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most of the research concerning analgesia following brief exposures to physiologically patterned weak magnetic fields has focused upon their morphine-related properties. However, the alpha-adrenergic system interacts with morphine-induced analgesia. In the present study we found that prazosin, phenylephrine, and yohimbine did not augment the robust analgesia to thermal stimuli in rats evoked by whole-body exposures to a 1 microT, burst-firing magnetic field presented once every 4s for 30 min. However, the alpha2 agonist clonidine enhanced the field-induced analgesia in a dose-dependent manner that reflected a receptor-saturation response. Potentiation between the field and clonidine was evident at 0.2 mg/kg and approached asymptote at 1 mg/kg. The combination of the effects from exposure to the magnetic field and the clonidine explained more than 75% of the variance in the change in nociceptive thresholds from baseline levels. The possibility that properly patterned weak magnetic fields could be a powerful adjunct to pharmacological treatments of pain is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Martin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont., P3E 2C6, Canada
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