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Yoo J, Park JE, Han JS. HMC Ameliorates Hyperglycemia via Acting PI3K/AKT Pathway and Improving FOXO1 Pathway in ob/ob Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2023. [PMID: 37432173 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and is a growing health problem worldwide. Since many known diabetes drugs are side effects, it is necessary to develop natural substances with guaranteed safety. HM-chromanone isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. is a homoisoflavonoid compound. We investigated the effects of HM-chromanone on hyperglycemia and its mechanism in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. C57BL/6J-Jms Slc mice were used as the control group, and C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice were divided into three groups: ob/ob (control), metformin (Met; positive control), and HM-chromanone (HMC). Fasting blood glucose was lower in the HMC group than those in the ob/ob group. Insulin resistance was improved by reducing HbA1c, plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR levels in the HMC group. HMC administration decreased the phosphorylation of IRS-1ser307 and increased the phosphorylation of IRS-1tyr612, PI3K, phosphorylation of AKTser473, and PM-GLUT4 in the skeletal muscles of ob/ob mice, indicating improved insulin signaling. HMC administration also increased the phosphorylation of FOXO1 in the liver of ob/ob mice. This inhibited PEPCK and G6pase involved in gluconeogenesis and regulated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and glycogen synthase involved in glycogen synthesis. In conclusion, HM-chromanone ameliorates hyperglycemia by PI3K/AKT and improves the FOXO1 in ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Wei S, Li W, Yu Y, Yao F, A L, Lan X, Guan F, Zhang M, Chen L. Ginsenoside Compound K suppresses the hepatic gluconeogenesis via activating adenosine-5′monophosphate kinase: A study in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2015; 139:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Rosmarinic acid, a polyphenol, ameliorates hyperglycemia by regulating the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in high fat diet – STZ induced experimental diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by indole-3-carbinol and its metabolite 3,3′-diindolylmethane in high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6J mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:7-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Antihyperglycemic effect of carvacrol in combination with rosiglitazone in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:23-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cheong SH, Furuhashi K, Ito K, Nagaoka M, Yonezawa T, Miura Y, Yagasaki K. Antihyperglycemic effect of equol, a daidzein derivative, in cultured L6 myocytes andob/obmice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:267-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
- Department of Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Chungju Republic of Korea
| | - Keisuke Furuhashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsuki Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Masato Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Takayuki Yonezawa
- Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-Ku Tokyo Japan
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Murali R, Srinivasan S, Ashokkumar N. Antihyperglycemic effect of fraxetin on hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochimie 2013; 95:1848-54. [PMID: 23806420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the diabetes mellitus is a serious health burden for both governments and healthcare providers. The present study was hypothesized to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of fraxetin by determining the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w). Fraxetin was administered to diabetic rats intra gastrically at 20, 40, 80 mg/kg b.w for 30 days. The dose 80 mg/kg b.w, significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and increased plasma insulin level. The altered activities of the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and hepatic enzymes (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in the liver tissues of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels by the administration of fraxetin. Further, fraxetin administration to diabetic rats improved body weight and hepatic glycogen content demonstrated its antihyperglycemic potential. The present findings suggest that fraxetin may be useful in the treatment of diabetes even though clinical studies to evaluate this possibility may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Murali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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Hypoglycemic effect of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides and compound K on Type 2 Diabetes mice induced by High-Fat Diet combining with Streptozotocin via suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wong N, Fam BC, Cempako GR, Steinberg GR, Walder K, Kay TW, Proietto J, Andrikopoulos S. Deficiency in interferon-gamma results in reduced body weight and better glucose tolerance in mice. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3690-9. [PMID: 21791564 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease caused by increased energy intake and reduced energy expenditure. Studies using animal models with deletion of inflammatory cytokines have produced conflicting results with some showing increased weight gain and others showing no effect or even reduced body weights. Clearly, more work is necessary to understand the role of cytokines on body weight control. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of interferon-γ deletion (IFNγ(-/-)) on body weight regulation and glucose metabolism. Male IFNγ(-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat chow diet, and body weight, food intake, and energy expenditure were monitored over 20 wk. At the end of the study, ip glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, basal glucose turnover, and hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamps were performed. Expression levels of arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related peptide, and proopiomelanocortin mRNA as well as circulating leptin levels were also determined. IFNγ(-/-) mice had improved glucose tolerance with reduced rate of glucose appearance and increased insulin sensitivity due to greater suppression of endogenous glucose output, which was associated with decreased hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In addition, we also observed reduced body weight associated with decreased food intake and increased physical activity. Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide mRNA expression was reduced, whereas proopiomelanocortin mRNA expression was increased, as were plasma leptin levels. Global deletion of IFNγ in mice resulted in reduced body weight associated with negative energy balance, improved glucose tolerance, and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate that IFNγ plays a critical role in the regulation of body weight and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wong
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin Health and Northern Health), Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, 300 Waterdale Road, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria 3081, Australia.
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Zhang F, Lavan BE, Gregoire FM. Selective Modulators of PPAR-gamma Activity: Molecular Aspects Related to Obesity and Side-Effects. PPAR Res 2011; 2007:32696. [PMID: 17389769 PMCID: PMC1783742 DOI: 10.1155/2007/32696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a key regulator of lipid metabolism and energy balance implicated in the development of insulin resistance and obesity. The identification of putative natural and synthetic ligands and activators of PPAR-gamma has helped to unravel the molecular basis of its function, including molecular details regarding ligand binding, conformational changes of the receptor, and cofactor binding, leading to the emergence of the concept of selective PPAR-gamma modulators (SPPARgammaMs). SPPARgammaMs bind in distinct manners to the ligand-binding pocket of PPAR-gamma, leading to alternative receptor conformations, differential cofactor recruitment/displacement, differential gene expression, and ultimately differential biological responses. Based on this concept, new and improved antidiabetic agents for the treatment of diabetes are in development. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanism of action and biological effects of recently characterized SPPARgammaMs, including metaglidasen/halofenate, PA-082, and the angiotensin receptor antagonists, recently characterized as a new class of SPPARgammaMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Metabolex Inc., 3876 Bay Center Place, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Brian E. Lavan
- Department of Biology, Metabolex Inc., 3876 Bay Center Place, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
| | - Francine M. Gregoire
- Department of Biology, Metabolex Inc., 3876 Bay Center Place, Hayward, CA 94545, USA
- *Francine M. Gregoire:
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Nakano R, Kurosaki E, Shimaya A, Kajikawa S, Shibasaki M. YM440, a novel hypoglycemic agent, protects against nephropathy in Zucker fatty rats via plasma triglyceride reduction. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 549:185-91. [PMID: 16989806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel hypoglycemic agent, YM440 ((Z)-1,4-bis{4-[(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-2-yl) methyl] phenoxy}but-2-ene) is a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, (PPAR) gamma. YM440 has been shown to counteract insulin resistance in diabetic rodent models. However, it is not clear whether this compound has a significant effect on hyperlipidemia in vivo. Hyperlipidemia has been reported to be a risk factor for the early development of renal disease. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of chronic treatment with YM440 on hyperlipidemia and renal injury in obese Zucker fatty (ZF) rats. Treatment of 8-week-old ZF rats with YM440 (100 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. YM440 markedly reduced the rate of progression of both albuminuria and proteinuria. YM440 normalized urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, which is a marker for renal proximal tubular damage, and ameliorated the rise in systolic blood pressure compared to the vehicle control. YM440 also blocked the development of nephromegaly. Histological analyses revealed that both glomerular area expansion and tubular cast accumulation gradually lessened in YM440-treated ZF rats. Regression analyses between the plasma triglyceride levels and the renal parameters (urinary protein excretion and albumin excretion) indicated that the renal parameters correlated positively with the plasma triglyceride levels. In conclusion, the hypolipidemic effects of YM440 prevent renal injury in ZF rats. YM440 might be useful for preventing the early development of diabetic nephropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes by ameliorating metabolic control problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakano
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Japan.
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Nakano R, Kurosaki E, Shimaya A, Shibasaki M. The novel hypoglycemic agent YM440 improves hepatic insulin resistance in obese Zucker fatty rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 101:311-7. [PMID: 16891767 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0060360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel hypoglycemic agent YM440 ((Z)-1,4-bis{4-[(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-2-yl)methyl] phenoxy}but-2-ene) is a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. YM440 has unique pharmacological profiles both in vitro and in vivo, but, it is not clear whether the compound has a significant effect on hepatic or peripheral insulin response throughout the body. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of YM440 on hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in Zucker fatty (ZF) rats using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique. Treatment of ZF rats with YM440 (300 mg/kg per day) for 2 weeks significantly decreased plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin without inducing obesity. YM440 caused a 2-fold increase in the glucose infusion rate during euglycemic clamping compared with the vehicle control. YM440 also decreased the percent change in hepatic glucose production rate caused by intravenous insulin infusion in ZF rats. YM440 had no significant effect on the glucose disposal rate. These results indicate that YM440 ameliorates hepatic, but not peripheral insulin resistance in ZF rats. These findings strongly suggest that the main target organ of YM440 is the liver, unlike other PPARgamma agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakano
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 5-2-3, Toukoudai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2698, Japan.
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