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Yamagata R, Nemoto W, Fujita M, Nakagawasai O, Tan-No K. Angiotensin (1-7) Attenuates the Nociceptive Behavior Induced by Substance P and NMDA via Spinal MAS1. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:742-746. [PMID: 33952831 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intrathecal (i.t.) injection of substance P (SP) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induce transient nociceptive response by activating neurokinin (NK) 1 and NMDA receptors, respectively. We have recently reported that angiotensin (Ang) (1-7), an N-terminal fragment of Ang II, could alleviate several types of pain including neuropathic and inflammatory pain by activating spinal MAS1. Here, we investigated whether Ang (1-7) can inhibit the SP- and NMDA-induced nociceptive response. The nociceptive response induced by an i.t. injection of SP or NMDA was assessed by measuring the duration of hindlimb scratching directed toward the flank, biting and/or licking of the hindpaw or the tail for 5 min. Localization of MAS1 and either NK1 or NMDA receptors in the lumbar superficial dorsal horn was determined by immunohistochemical observation. The nociceptive response induced by SP and NMDA was attenuated by the i.t. co-administration of Ang (1-7) (0.03-3 pmol) in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of Ang (1-7) (3 pmol) were attenuated by A779 (100 pmol), a MAS1 antagonist. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed that spinal MAS1 co-localized with NK1 receptors and NMDA receptors on cells in the dorsal horn. Taken together, the i.t. injection of Ang (1-7) attenuated the nociceptive response induced by SP and NMDA via spinal MAS1, which co-localized with NK1 and NMDA receptors. Thus, the spinal Ang (1-7)/MAS1 pathway could represent a therapeutic target to effectively attenuate spinal pain transmission caused by the activation of NK1 or NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamagata
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Wataru Nemoto
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Maho Fujita
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Osamu Nakagawasai
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Koichi Tan-No
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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Hruby VJ. Multivalent peptide and peptidomimetic ligands for the treatment of pain without toxicities and addiction. Peptides 2019; 116:63-67. [PMID: 31014958 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current opioid crisis has created a tragic problem in medicine and society. Pain is the most ubiquitous and costly disease in society and yet all of our "treatments" have toxicities, especially for prolonged use. However, there are several alternatives that have been discovered in the past fifteen years that have been demonstrated in animals to have none of the toxicities of current drugs. Many of the compounds are multivalent and have novel biological activity profiles. Unfortunately, none of these have been in clinical trials in humans, perhaps because they were discovered in academic laboratories. A review of these novel chemicals are given in this paper.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Humans
- Ligands
- Opioid Peptides/chemistry
- Opioid Peptides/therapeutic use
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/pathology
- Pain Management
- Peptides/adverse effects
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Peptidomimetics/adverse effects
- Peptidomimetics/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Opioid/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Abstract
Morphine has been widely used for the treatment of acute, chronic, and cancer pain and is considered the strongest analgesic in clinical care. Conversely, morphine-induced analgesia may be accompanied by several side effects. Animal studies have demonstrated that low doses of morphine administered intrathecally can produce reliable analgesia for thermal, mechanical, and chemical nociceptive stimulation. On the other hand, high doses of morphine administered intrathecally may induce spontaneous nociceptive responses such as scratching, biting, and licking in mice as well as agitation and vocalization in rats. In addition, similar nociceptive responses including hyperalgesia, allodynia, and myoclonus have been observed in humans following intrathecal or systemic administration of high-dose morphine. It has been suggested that the spontaneous nociceptive behaviors evoked by high-dose morphine may be mediated by a non-opioid mechanism that is not yet fully understood. This review describes the mechanisms of spontaneous nociceptive behaviors evoked by high-dose morphine focusing on the neurotransmitters/neuromodulators released from primary afferent fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuko Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
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Largent-Milnes TM, Yamamoto T, Nair P, Moulton JW, Hruby VJ, Lai J, Porreca F, Vanderah TW. Spinal or systemic TY005, a peptidic opioid agonist/neurokinin 1 antagonist, attenuates pain with reduced tolerance. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 161:986-1001. [PMID: 20977451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The use of opioids in treating pain is limited due to significant side effects including somnolence, constipation, analgesic tolerance, addiction and respiratory depression. Pre-clinical studies have shown that neurokinin 1 (NK(1) ) receptor antagonists block opioid-induced antinociceptive tolerance and may inhibit opioid-induced rewarding behaviours. Here, we have characterized a bifunctional peptide with both opioid agonist and NK(1) antagonist pharmacophores in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were evaluated for behavioural responses to both tactile and thermal stimuli in either an uninjured, sham- or nerve-injured state. TY005 (Tyr-DAla-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-O-3,5-Bn(CF(3) )(2) ) was delivered spinally or systemically to assess the antinociceptive effects after acute exposure. Motor skills were evaluated using the rotarod test to determine potential sedative effects. Spinal TY005 was given chronically to sham- or nerve-injured animals to determine the development of tolerance. KEY RESULTS Bolus injections of TY005 produced dose-dependent antinociception in non-injured animals and alleviated nerve injury-induced thermal and tactile hypersensitivities (i.e. antihyperalgesia) more effectively than morphine. Sedative effects were not evident from the rotarod test at doses that were antihyperalgesic, nor at doses threefold higher. Repeated administration of TY005 did not lead to the development of antihyperalgesic tolerance or alter sensory thresholds. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, the data suggest that opioid agonist/NK(1) antagonist bifunctional peptides represent a promising novel approach to the management of chronic pain without the development of tolerance, reducing the need for escalation of doses and unwanted side effects associated with opiates alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Yamamoto T, Nair P, Davis P, Ma SW, Navratilova E, Moye S, Tumati S, Lai J, Vanderah TW, Yamamura HI, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel bifunctional C-terminal-modified peptides for delta/mu opioid receptor agonists and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2779-86. [PMID: 17516639 PMCID: PMC2365895 DOI: 10.1021/jm061369n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of bifunctional peptides that act as agonists for delta and mu opioid receptors with delta selectivity and as antagonist for neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptors were designed and synthesized for potential application as analgesics in various pain states. The peptides were characterized using radioligand binding assays and functional assays using cell membrane and animal tissue. Optimization was performed on the fifth residue which serves as an address moiety for both receptor recognitions. It had critical effects on both activities at delta/mu opioid receptors and NK1 receptors. Among the synthesized peptides, H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-O-3,5-Bzl(CF3) 2 (5) and H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Nle-Pro-Leu-Trp-O-3,5-Bzl(CF3)2 (7) had excellent agonist activity for both delta opioid and mu opioid receptors and excellent antagonist activity for NK1 receptors. These results indicate that the rational design of multifunctional ligands with opioid agonist and neurokinin-1 antagonist activities can be accomplished and may provide a new tool for treatment of chronic and several pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Victor J. Hruby
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (520)−621−6332, Fax: (520)−621−8407, E-mail:
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Tan-No K, Esashi A, Nakagawasai O, Niijima F, Furuta S, Sato T, Satoh S, Yasuhara H, Tadano T. Intrathecally administered D-cycloserine produces nociceptive behavior through the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ion-channel complex acting on the glycine recognition site. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 104:39-45. [PMID: 17452810 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0070203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of D-cycloserine (100 and 300 fmol), a partial agonist of the glycine recognition site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ion-channel complex, produced a behavioral response mainly consisting of biting and/or licking of the hindpaw and the tail along with slight hindlimb scratching directed toward the flank in mice, which peaked at 5 - 10 min and almost disappeared at 15 min after the injection. The behavior induced by D-cycloserine (300 fmol) was dose-dependently inhibited by an intraperitoneal injection of morphine (0.5-2 mg/kg), suggesting that the behavioral response is related to nociception. The nociceptive behavior was also dose-dependently inhibited by i.t. co-administration of 7-chlorokynurenic acid (0.25-4 nmol), a competitive antagonist of the glycine recognition site on the NMDA receptor ion-channel complex; D-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (62.5-500 pmol), a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist; MK-801 (62.5-500 pmol), an NMDA ion-channel blocker; ifenprodil (0.5-8 nmol); arcaine (31-125 pmol); and agmatine (0.1-10 pmol), all being antagonists of the polyamine recognition site on the NMDA receptor ion-channel complex. However, [D-Phe7,D-His9]-substance P(6-11), a specific antagonist for substance P (NK1) receptors, and MEN-10,376, a tachykinin NK2-receptor antagonist, had no effect on D-cycloserine-induced nociceptive behavior. These results in the mouse spinal cord suggest that D-cycloserine-induced nociceptive behavior is mediated through the activation of the NMDA receptor ion-channel complex by acting on the glycine recognition site and that it does not involve the tachykinin receptor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Tan-No
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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Shiina T, Shimizu Y, Boudaka A, Wörl J, Takewaki T. Tachykinins are involved in local reflex modulation of vagally mediated striated muscle contractions in the rat esophagus via tachykinin NK1 receptors. Neuroscience 2006; 139:495-503. [PMID: 16458437 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis of the presence of a local neural reflex modulating the vagally mediated contractions of striated muscle in the rat esophagus and to determine the possible involvement of tachykinins in such a local neural reflex. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve evoked twitch contractile responses that were abolished by d-tubocurarine (5 microM). Capsaicin (1-100 microM) inhibited the vagally mediated twitch contractions o f the normal rat esophageal preparations concentration-dependently but not those of the neonatally capsaicin-treated ones. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, blocked the inhibitory effect of capsaicin and exogenous application of a nitric oxide donor (1 mM) inhibited the vagally mediated twitch contractions. Capsaicin suppressed acetylcholine release from the normal rat esophageal segments evoked by vagus nerve stimulation but not that from the neonatally capsaicin-treated ones. A selective tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist (0.1 or 1 microM) attenuated the inhibitory effect of capsaicin. However, antagonists of tachykinin NK2, tachykinin NK3 and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors (1 microM) did not have any effect. A tachykinin NK1 receptor agonist (1 or 5 microM) inhibited the vagally mediated twitch contractions, which was prevented by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM). These data suggest that the rat esophagus might have a local neural reflex inhibiting the vagally mediated striated muscle motility, which consists of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons and myenteric nitrergic neurons, and that tachykinins might be involved in the neural reflex through tachykinin NK1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shiina
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Abstract
There is an expanding repertoire of mammalian tachykinins produced by a variety of tachykinin genes, gene splicing events and peptide processing. Novel tachykinin-binding molecules/receptors are proposed, but only, three tachykinin receptors are identified with certainty. The question remains - do more tachykinin receptors exist or is there just the need to reappraise our understanding of the known receptors? The tachykinin NK1 receptor, the preferred receptor for both substance P and the peripheral SP-like endokinins, exists in several tissue-specific conformations and isoforms and may provide some clues. This review addresses recent advances in this exciting field and raises challenging new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel M Page
- School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK.
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Tan-No K, Esashi A, Nakagawasai O, Niijima F, Tadano T, Sakurada C, Sakurada T, Bakalkin G, Terenius L, Kisara K. Intrathecally administered big dynorphin, a prodynorphin-derived peptide, produces nociceptive behavior through an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mechanism. Brain Res 2002; 952:7-14. [PMID: 12363399 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of big dynorphin (1-10 fmol), a prodynorphin-derived peptide consisting of dynorphin A and dynorphin B, to mice produced a characteristic behavioral response, the biting and/or licking of the hindpaw and the tail along with slight hindlimb scratching directed toward the flank, which peaked at 5-15 min after an injection. Dynorphin A produced a similar response, though the doses required were higher (0.1-30 pmol) whereas dynorphin B was practically inactive even at 1000 pmol. The behavior induced by big dynorphin (3 fmol) was dose-dependently inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of morphine (0.125-2 mg/kg) and also dose-dependently, by i.t. co-administration of D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-APV) (1-4 nmol), a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.25-4 nmol), an NMDA ion-channel blocker, and ifenprodil (2-8 pmol), an inhibitor of the NMDA receptor ion-channel complex interacting with the NR2B subunit and the polyamine recognition site. On the other hand, naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), a non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, 7-chlorokynurenic acid, a competitive antagonist of the glycine recognition site on the NMDA receptor ion-channel complex, [D-Phe(7),D-His(9)]-substance P(6-11), a specific antagonist for substance P (NK1) receptors, and MEN-10376, a tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, had no effect. These results suggest that big dynorphin-induced nociceptive behavior is mediated through the activation of the NMDA receptor ion-channel complex by acting on the NR2B subunit and/or the polyamine recognition site but not on the glycine recognition site, and does not involve opioid, non-NMDA glutamate receptor mechanisms or tachykinin receptors in the mouse spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Tan-No
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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