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Pundlik SS, Barik A, Venkateshvaran A, Sahoo SS, Jaysingh MA, Math RGH, Lal H, Hashmi MA, Ramanathan A. Senescent cells inhibit mouse myoblast differentiation via the SASP-lipid 15d-PGJ 2 mediated modification and control of HRas. eLife 2024; 13:RP95229. [PMID: 39196610 PMCID: PMC11357351 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are characterized by multiple features such as increased expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA β-gal) and cell cycle inhibitors such as p21 or p16. They accumulate with tissue damage and dysregulate tissue homeostasis. In the context of skeletal muscle, it is known that agents used for chemotherapy such as Doxorubicin (Doxo) cause buildup of senescent cells, leading to the inhibition of tissue regeneration. Senescent cells influence the neighboring cells via numerous secreted factors which form the senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP). Lipids are emerging as a key component of SASP that can control tissue homeostasis. Arachidonic acid-derived lipids have been shown to accumulate within senescent cells, specifically 15d-PGJ2, which is an electrophilic lipid produced by the non-enzymatic dehydration of the prostaglandin PGD2. This study shows that 15d-PGJ2 is also released by Doxo-induced senescent cells as an SASP factor. Treatment of skeletal muscle myoblasts with the conditioned medium from these senescent cells inhibits myoblast fusion during differentiation. Inhibition of L-PTGDS, the enzyme that synthesizes PGD2, diminishes the release of 15d-PGJ2 by senescent cells and restores muscle differentiation. We further show that this lipid post-translationally modifies Cys184 of HRas in C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts, causing a reduction in the localization of HRas to the Golgi, increased HRas binding to Ras Binding Domain (RBD) of RAF Kinase (RAF-RBD), and activation of cellular Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) kinase-Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase (Erk) signaling (but not the Akt signaling). Mutating C184 of HRas prevents the ability of 15d-PGJ2 to inhibit the differentiation of muscle cells and control the activity of HRas. This work shows that 15d-PGJ2 released from senescent cells could be targeted to restore muscle homeostasis after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarang Sachin Pundlik
- Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate (RCF), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore Life Science ClusterBengaluruIndia
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)ManipalIndia
| | - Alok Barik
- Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate (RCF), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore Life Science ClusterBengaluruIndia
| | - Ashwin Venkateshvaran
- Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate (RCF), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore Life Science ClusterBengaluruIndia
| | - Snehasudha Subhadarshini Sahoo
- Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate (RCF), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore Life Science ClusterBengaluruIndia
- University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Mahapatra Anshuman Jaysingh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K)MohanpurIndia
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | | | - Heera Lal
- Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate (RCF), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore Life Science ClusterBengaluruIndia
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)ManipalIndia
| | - Maroof Athar Hashmi
- Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate (RCF), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore Life Science ClusterBengaluruIndia
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)ManipalIndia
| | - Arvind Ramanathan
- Metabolic Regulation of Cell Fate (RCF), Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bangalore Life Science ClusterBengaluruIndia
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The Multifaceted Role of Connexins in Tumor Microenvironment Initiation and Maintenance. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020204. [PMID: 36829482 PMCID: PMC9953436 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Today's research on the processes of carcinogenesis and the vital activity of tumor tissues implies more attention be paid to constituents of the tumor microenvironment and their interactions. These interactions between cells in the tumor microenvironment can be mediated via different types of protein junctions. Connexins are one of the major contributors to intercellular communication. They form the gap junctions responsible for the transfer of ions, metabolites, peptides, miRNA, etc., between neighboring tumor cells as well as between tumor and stromal cells. Connexin hemichannels mediate purinergic signaling and bidirectional molecular transport with the extracellular environment. Additionally, connexins have been reported to localize in tumor-derived exosomes and facilitate the release of their cargo. A large body of evidence implies that the role of connexins in cancer is multifaceted. The pro- or anti-tumorigenic properties of connexins are determined by their abundance, localization, and functionality as well as their channel assembly and non-channel functions. In this review, we have summarized the data on the contribution of connexins to the formation of the tumor microenvironment and to cancer initiation and progression.
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Nanić L, Cedilak A, Vidaček NŠ, Gruber F, Huzak M, Bader M, Rubelj I. In Vivo Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing Using Cell Micro-Transplantation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091955. [PMID: 36145701 PMCID: PMC9501230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The accumulation of senescent cells in tissues alters tissue homeostasis and affects wound healing. It is also considered to be the main contributing factor to aging. In addition to losing their ability to divide, senescent cells exert detrimental effects on surrounding tissues through their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). They also affect stem cells and their niche, reducing their capacity to divide which increasingly reduces tissue regenerative capacity over time. The aim of our study was to restore aged skin by increasing the fraction of young cells in vivo using a young cell micro-transplantation technique on Fischer 344 rats. Employing the same technique, we also used wild-type skin fibroblasts and stem cells in order to heal Dominant Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bulosa (DDEB) wounds and skin blistering. Results: We demonstrate that implantation of young fibroblasts restores cell density, revitalizes cell proliferation in the dermis and epidermis, rejuvenates collagen I and III matrices, and boosts epidermal stem cell proliferation in rats with advancing age. We were also able to reduce blistering in DDEB rats by transplantation of skin stem cells but not skin fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our intervention proves that a local increase of young cells in the dermis changes tissue homeostasis well enough to revitalize the stem cell niche, ensuring overall skin restoration and rejuvenation as well as healing DDEB skin. Our method has great potential for clinical applications in skin aging, as well as for the treatment of various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Nanić
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Cedilak
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Škrobot Vidaček
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miljenko Huzak
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Bientinesi E, Lulli M, Becatti M, Ristori S, Margheri F, Monti D. Doxorubicin-induced senescence in normal fibroblasts promotes in vitro tumour cell growth and invasiveness: the role of Quercetin in modulating these processes. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111689. [PMID: 35728630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex biological phenomenon representing the major risk factor for developing age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Geroscience, the new vision of gerontology, identifies cellular senescence as an interconnected biological process that characterises ageing and age-related diseases. Therefore, many strategies have been employed in the last years to reduce the harmful effects of senescence, and among these, the most intriguing ones use nutraceutical compounds. Here we show that a pre-treatment with Quercetin, a bioactive flavonoid present in many fruits and vegetables, increasing cellular antioxidant defence, can alleviate Doxorubicin (Doxo)-induced cellular senescence in human normal WI-38 fibroblasts. Furthermore, our work demonstrates that Quercetin pre-treatment, reducing the number of senescent cells and the production of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, can decrease the pro-tumour effects of conditioned medium from Doxo-induced senescent fibroblasts on osteosarcoma cells. Overall, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that targeting senescent cells can be an emerging strategy for cancer treatment, especially in elderly patients, in which senescent cells are already abundant in several tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bientinesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy 50134
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy 50134.
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy 50134.
| | - Sara Ristori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy 50134.
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy 50134.
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy 50134.
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Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals the Expression of Aging- and Senescence-Associated Genes in Distinct Cancer Cell Populations. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113126. [PMID: 34831349 PMCID: PMC8623328 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human aging process is associated with molecular changes and cellular degeneration, resulting in a significant increase in cancer incidence with age. Despite their potential correlation, the relationship between cancer- and ageing-related transcriptional changes is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to analyze aging-associated transcriptional patterns in publicly available bulk mRNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) datasets for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer (LC), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Indeed, we detected that various aging/senescence-induced genes (ASIGs) were upregulated in malignant diseases compared to healthy control samples. To elucidate the importance of ASIGs during cell development, pseudotime analyses were performed, which revealed a late enrichment of distinct cancer-specific ASIG signatures. Notably, we were able to demonstrate that all cancer entities analyzed in this study comprised cell populations expressing ASIGs. While only minor correlations were detected between ASIGs and transcriptome-wide changes in PDAC, a high proportion of ASIGs was induced in CML, CRC, HCC, and LC samples. These unique cellular subpopulations could serve as a basis for future studies on the role of aging and senescence in human malignancies.
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Maciel-Barón LÁ, Moreno-Blas D, Morales-Rosales SL, González-Puertos VY, López-Díazguerrero NE, Torres C, Castro-Obregón S, Königsberg M. Cellular Senescence, Neurological Function, and Redox State. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1704-1723. [PMID: 28467755 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cellular senescence, characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest, has been extensively studied in mitotic cells such as fibroblasts. However, senescent cells have also been observed in the brain. Even though it is recognized that cellular energetic metabolism and redox homeostasis are perturbed in the aged brain and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), it is still unknown which alterations in the overall physiology can stimulate cellular senescence induction and their relationship with the former events. Recent Advances: Recent findings have shown that during prolonged inflammatory and pathologic events, the blood-brain barrier could be compromised and immune cells might enter the brain; this fact along with the brain's high oxygen dependence might result in oxidative damage to macromolecules and therefore senescence induction. Thus, cellular senescence in different brain cell types is revised here. CRITICAL ISSUES Most information related to cellular senescence in the brain has been obtained from research in glial cells since it has been assumed that the senescent phenotype is a feature exclusive to mitotic cells. Nevertheless, neurons with senescence hallmarks have been observed in old mouse brains. Therefore, although this is a controversial topic in the field, here we summarize and integrate the observations from several studies and propose that neurons indeed senesce. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It is still unknown which alterations in the overall metabolism can stimulate senescence induction in the aged brain, what are the mechanisms and signaling pathways, and what is their relationship to NDD development. The understanding of these processes will expose new targets to intervene age-associated pathologies.-Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1704-1723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ángel Maciel-Barón
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
| | - Daniel Moreno-Blas
- 2 Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Lizbeth Morales-Rosales
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
| | - Viridiana Yazmín González-Puertos
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
| | - Claudio Torres
- 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susana Castro-Obregón
- 2 Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mina Königsberg
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Department Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Iztapalapa, México
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7
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Gonzalez-Meljem JM, Apps JR, Fraser HC, Martinez-Barbera JP. Paracrine roles of cellular senescence in promoting tumourigenesis. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1283-1288. [PMID: 29670296 PMCID: PMC5959857 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells activate genetic programmes that irreversibly inhibit cellular proliferation, but also endow these cells with distinctive metabolic and signalling phenotypes. Although senescence has historically been considered a protective mechanism against tumourigenesis, the activities of senescent cells are increasingly being associated with age-related diseases, including cancer. An important feature of senescent cells is the secretion of a vast array of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Recent research has shown that SASP paracrine signalling can mediate several pro-tumourigenic effects, such as enhancing malignant phenotypes and promoting tumour initiation. In this review, we summarise the paracrine activities of senescent cells and their role in tumourigenesis through direct effects on growth and proliferation of tumour cells, tumour angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, cellular reprogramming and emergence of tumour-initiating cells, and tumour interactions with the local immune environment. The evidence described here suggests cellular senescence acts as a double-edged sword in cancer pathogenesis, which demands further attention in order to support the use of senolytic or SASP-modulating compounds for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Mario Gonzalez-Meljem
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.,Basic Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Anillo Periférico 2767, Magdalena Contreras, 10200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - John Richard Apps
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Helen Christina Fraser
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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8
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Valenzuela CA, Quintanilla R, Moore-Carrasco R, Brown NE. The Potential Role of Senescence As a Modulator of Platelets and Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2017; 7:188. [PMID: 28894697 PMCID: PMC5581331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to thrombus formation, alterations in platelet function are frequently observed in cancer patients. Importantly, both thrombus and tumor formation are influenced by age, although the mechanisms through which physiological aging modulates these processes remain poorly understood. In this context, the potential effects of senescent cells on platelet function represent pathophysiological mechanisms that deserve further exploration. Cellular senescence has traditionally been viewed as a barrier to tumorigenesis. However, far from being passive bystanders, senescent cells are metabolically active and able to secrete a variety of soluble and insoluble factors. This feature, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), may provide senescent cells with the capacity to modify the tissue environment and, paradoxically, promote proliferation and neoplastic transformation of neighboring cells. In fact, the SASP-dependent ability of senescent cells to enhance tumorigenesis has been confirmed in cellular systems involving epithelial cells and fibroblasts, leaving open the question as to whether similar interactions can be extended to other cellular contexts. In this review, we discuss the diverse functions of platelets in tumorigenesis and suggest the possibility that senescent cells might also influence tumorigenesis through their ability to modulate the functional status of platelets through the SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Quintanilla
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca Medical School, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Nelson E Brown
- Center for Medical Research, University of Talca Medical School, Talca, Chile
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Guan X, LaPak KM, Hennessey RC, Yu CY, Shakya R, Zhang J, Burd CE. Stromal Senescence By Prolonged CDK4/6 Inhibition Potentiates Tumor Growth. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:237-249. [PMID: 28039358 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) adopt a proinflammatory, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that promotes cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Here, exposure to palbociclib (PD-0332991), a CDK4/6 inhibitor, induces senescence and a robust SASP in normal fibroblasts. Senescence caused by prolonged CDK4/6 inhibition is DNA damage-independent and associated with Mdm2 downregulation, whereas the SASP elicited by these cells is largely reliant upon NF-κB activation. Based upon these observations, it was hypothesized that the exposure of nontransformed stromal cells to PD-0332991 would promote tumor growth. Ongoing clinical trials of CDK4/6 inhibitors in melanoma prompted a validation of this hypothesis using a suite of genetically defined melanoma cells (i.e., Ras mutant, Braf mutant, and Ras/Braf wild-type). When cultured in the presence of CDK4/6i-induced senescent fibroblasts, melanoma cell lines exhibited genotype-dependent proliferative responses. However, in vivo, PD-0332991-treated fibroblasts enhanced the growth of all melanoma lines tested and promoted the recruitment of Gr-1-positive immune cells. These data indicate that prolonged CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment causes normal fibroblasts to enter senescence and adopt a robust SASP. Such senescent cells suppress the antitumor immune response and promote melanoma growth in immunocompetent, in vivo models.Implications: The ability of prolonged CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment to induce cellular senescence and a robust SASP in primary cells may hinder therapeutic efficacy and promote long-term, gerontogenic consequences that should be considered in clinical trials aiming to treat melanoma and other cancer types. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 237-49. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Guan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kyle M LaPak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rebecca C Hennessey
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina Y Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Reena Shakya
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christin E Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
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Maciel-Barón LA, Morales-Rosales SL, Aquino-Cruz AA, Triana-Martínez F, Galván-Arzate S, Luna-López A, González-Puertos VY, López-Díazguerrero NE, Torres C, Königsberg M. Senescence associated secretory phenotype profile from primary lung mice fibroblasts depends on the senescence induction stimuli. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:26. [PMID: 26867806 PMCID: PMC5005892 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a multifactorial phenomenon of growth arrest and distorted function, which has been recognized as an important feature during tumor suppression mechanisms and a contributor to aging. Senescent cells have an altered secretion pattern called Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) that comprises a complex mix of factors including cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. SASP has been related with local inflammation that leads to cellular transformation and neurodegenerative diseases. Various pathways for senescence induction have been proposed; the most studied is replicative senescence due to telomere attrition called replicative senescence (RS). However, senescence can be prematurely achieved when cells are exposed to diverse stimuli such as oxidative stress (stress-induced premature senescence, SIPS) or proteasome inhibition (proteasome inhibition-induced premature senescence, PIIPS). SASP has been characterized in RS and SIPS but not in PIIPS. Hence, our aim was to determine SASP components in primary lung fibroblasts obtained from CD-1 mice induced to senescence by PIIPS and compare them to RS and SIPS. Our results showed important variations in the 62 cytokines analyzed, while SIPS and RS showed an increase in the secretion of most cytokines, and in PIIPS only 13 were incremented. Variations in glutathione-redox balance were also observed in SIPS and RS, and not in PIIPS. All senescence types SASP displayed a pro-inflammatory profile and increased proliferation in L929 mice fibroblasts exposed to SASP. However, the behavior observed was not exactly the same, suggesting that the senescence induction pathway might encompass dissimilar responses in adjacent cells and promote different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Maciel-Barón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, AP 55-535, México D.F., 09340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental., México D.F., Mexico
| | - S L Morales-Rosales
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, AP 55-535, México D.F., 09340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental., México D.F., Mexico
| | - A A Aquino-Cruz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, AP 55-535, México D.F., 09340, Mexico
| | - F Triana-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, AP 55-535, México D.F., 09340, Mexico
| | - S Galván-Arzate
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, México D.F., 14269, Mexico
| | - A Luna-López
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, SSA, México, D.F., 14080, Mexico
| | - V Y González-Puertos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, AP 55-535, México D.F., 09340, Mexico
| | - N E López-Díazguerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, AP 55-535, México D.F., 09340, Mexico
| | - C Torres
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, AP 55-535, México D.F., 09340, Mexico.
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11
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Senescence-associated inflammatory responses: aging and cancer perspectives. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:217-28. [PMID: 25801910 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells, albeit not proliferating, are metabolically and transcriptionally active, thereby capable of affecting their microenvironment, notably via the production of inflammatory mediators. These mediators maintain and propagate the senescence process to neighboring cells, and then recruit immune cells for clearing senescent cells. Among the inflammatory cues are molecules with pronounced tumor-controlling properties, both growth and invasion factors and inhibitory factors, working directly or via recruited immune cells. These senescence-inflammatory effects also prevail within tumors, mediated by the senescent tumor cells and the senescent tumor stroma. Here, we review the course and impact of senescence-associated inflammatory responses in aging and cancer. We propose that controlling senescence-associated inflammation by targeting specific inflammatory mediators may have a beneficial therapeutic effect in treatment of cancer and aging-related diseases.
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12
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Triana-Martínez F, López-Diazguerrero NE, Maciel-Barón LA, Morales-Rosales SL, Galván-Arzate S, Fernandez-Perrino FJ, Zentella A, Pérez VI, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Königsberg M. Cell proliferation arrest and redox state status as part of different stages during senescence establishment in mouse fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2013; 15:165-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Li X, Xu H, Xu C, Lin M, Song X, Yi F, Feng Y, Coughlan KA, Cho WCS, Kim SS, Cao L. The yin-yang of DNA damage response: roles in tumorigenesis and cellular senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2431-48. [PMID: 23354477 PMCID: PMC3587995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are relatively stable, lacking proliferation capacity yet retaining metabolic activity. In contrast, cancer cells are rather invasive and devastating, with uncontrolled proliferative capacity and resistance to cell death signals. Although tumorigenesis and cellular senescence are seemingly opposite pathological events, they are actually driven by a unified mechanism: DNA damage. Integrity of the DNA damage response (DDR) network can impose a tumorigenesis barrier by navigating abnormal cells to cellular senescence. Compromise of DDR, possibly due to the inactivation of DDR components, may prevent cellular senescence but at the expense of tumor formation. Here we provide an overview of the fundamental role of DDR in tumorigenesis and cellular senescence, under the light of the Yin-Yang concept of Chinese philosophy. Emphasis is placed on discussing DDR outcome in the light of in vivo models. This information is critical as it can help make better decisions for clinical treatments of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (F.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Hongde Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (F.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Chongan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; E-Mail:
| | - Meina Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (F.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (F.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Fei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (F.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yanling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (F.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Kathleen A. Coughlan
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; E-Mail:
| | | | - Sang Soo Kim
- Radiation Medicine Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyenggi 410-769, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.S.K.); (L.C.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2491 (S.S.K.); +86-24-23256666 (ext. 6014) (L.C.); Fax: +82-31-920-2494 (S.S.K.); +86-24-23264417 (L.C.)
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; E-Mails: (X.L.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.S.); (F.Y.); (Y.F.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.S.K.); (L.C.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2491 (S.S.K.); +86-24-23256666 (ext. 6014) (L.C.); Fax: +82-31-920-2494 (S.S.K.); +86-24-23264417 (L.C.)
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14
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Ridnour LA, Barasch KM, Windhausen AN, Dorsey TH, Lizardo MM, Yfantis HG, Lee DH, Switzer CH, Cheng RYS, Heinecke JL, Brueggemann E, Hines HB, Khanna C, Glynn SA, Ambs S, Wink DA. Nitric oxide synthase and breast cancer: role of TIMP-1 in NO-mediated Akt activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44081. [PMID: 22957045 PMCID: PMC3434220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of therapeutic response and cancer patient survival can be improved by the identification of molecular markers including tumor Akt status. A direct correlation between NOS2 expression and elevated Akt phosphorylation status has been observed in breast tumors. Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) has been proposed to exert oncogenic properties through CD63 cell surface receptor pathway initiation of pro-survival PI3k/Akt signaling. We employed immunohistochemistry to examine the influence of TIMP-1 on the functional relationship between NOS2 and phosphorylated Akt in breast tumors and found that NOS2-associated Akt phosphorylation was significantly increased in tumors expressing high TIMP-1, indicating that TIMP-1 may further enhance NO-induced Akt pathway activation. Moreover, TIMP-1 silencing by antisense technology blocked NO-induced PI3k/Akt/BAD phosphorylation in cultured MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. TIMP-1 protein nitration and TIMP-1/CD63 co-immunoprecipitation was observed at NO concentrations that induced PI3k/Akt/BAD pro-survival signaling. In the survival analysis, elevated tumor TIMP-1 predicted poor patient survival. This association appears to be mainly restricted to tumors with high NOS2 protein. In contrast, TIMP-1 did not predict poor survival in patient tumors with low NOS2 expression. In summary, our findings suggest that tumors with high TIMP-1 and NOS2 behave more aggressively by mechanisms that favor Akt pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Ridnour
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LAR); (DAW)
| | - Kimberly M. Barasch
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alisha N. Windhausen
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tiffany H. Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Lizardo
- Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harris G. Yfantis
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dong H. Lee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher H. Switzer
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert Y. S. Cheng
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie L. Heinecke
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Harry B. Hines
- USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chand Khanna
- Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David A. Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LAR); (DAW)
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15
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Liu J, Xu K, Chase M, Ji Y, Logan JK, Buchsbaum RJ. Tiam1-regulated osteopontin in senescent fibroblasts contributes to the migration and invasion of associated epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:376-86. [PMID: 22302986 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.089466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment undergoes changes concurrent with neoplastic progression. Cancer incidence increases with aging and is associated with tissue accumulation of senescent cells. Senescent fibroblasts are thought to contribute to tumor development in aging tissues. We have shown that fibroblasts deficient in the Rac exchange factor Tiam1 promote invasion and metastasis of associated epithelial tumor cells. Here, we use a three-dimensional culture model of cellular invasiveness to outline several steps underlying this effect. We find that stress-induced senescence induces decreased fibroblast Tiam1 protein levels and increased osteopontin levels, and that senescent fibroblast lysates induce Tiam1 protein degradation in a calcium- and calpain-dependent fashion. Changes in fibroblast Tiam1 protein levels induce converse changes in osteopontin mRNA and protein. Senescent fibroblasts induce increased invasion and migration in co-cultured mammary epithelial cells. These effects in epithelial cells are ameliorated by either increasing fibroblast Tiam1 or decreasing fibroblast osteopontin. Finally, in seeded cell migration assays we find that either senescent or Tiam1-deficient fibroblasts induce increased epithelial cell migration that is dependent on fibroblast secretion of osteopontin. These findings indicate that one mechanism by which senescent fibroblasts promote neoplastic progression in associated tumors is through degradation of fibroblast Tiam1 protein and the consequent increase in secretion of osteopontin by fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Liu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center Boston, MA 02111, USA
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16
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Cellular senescence: a link between cancer and age-related degenerative disease? Semin Cancer Biol 2011; 21:354-9. [PMID: 21925603 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an established cellular stress response that acts primarily to prevent the proliferation of cells that experience potentially oncogenic stress. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that the senescence response is a complex phenotype, which has a variety of cell non-autonomous effects. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype, or SASP, entails the secretion of numerous cytokines, growth factors and proteases. The SASP can have beneficial or detrimental effects, depending on the physiological context. One recently described beneficial effect is to aid tissue repair. Among the detrimental effects, the SASP can disrupt normal tissue structures and function, and, ironically, can promote malignant phenotypes in nearby cells. These detrimental effects in many ways recapitulate the degenerative and hyperplastic pathologies that develop during aging. Because the SASP is largely a response to genomic or epigenomic damage, we suggest it may be a model for a cellular damage response that can propagate damage signals both within and among tissues. We propose that both the degenerative and hyperplastic diseases of aging may be fueled by such damage signals.
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17
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Reddy JP, Li Y. Oncogene-induced senescence and its role in tumor suppression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:247-56. [PMID: 21681694 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While senescence has been known for some time as an inevitable result of repeated DNA replication, oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) represents a relatively new phenomenon. OIS, like apoptosis, has emerged to represent a putative barrier to tumorigenesis in many tissues, including the breast. Here we discuss signals that initiate OIS, evidence for its role in tumor suppression, and mechanisms for its evasion in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Reddy
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Lin Z, Trimmer C, Flomenberg N, Wang C, Pavlides S, Pestell RG, Howell A, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Cancer cells metabolically "fertilize" the tumor microenvironment with hydrogen peroxide, driving the Warburg effect: implications for PET imaging of human tumors. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:2504-20. [PMID: 21778829 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.15.16585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we proposed that cancer cells behave as metabolic parasites, as they use targeted oxidative stress as a "weapon" to extract recycled nutrients from adjacent stromal cells. Oxidative stress in cancer-associated fibroblasts triggers autophagy and mitophagy, resulting in compartmentalized cellular catabolism, loss of mitochondrial function, and the onset of aerobic glycolysis, in the tumor stroma. As such, cancer-associated fibroblasts produce high-energy nutrients (such as lactate and ketones) that fuel mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxidative metabolism in cancer cells. We have termed this new energy-transfer mechanism the "reverse Warburg effect." To further test the validity of this hypothesis, here we used an in vitro MCF7-fibroblast co-culture system, and quantitatively measured a variety of metabolic parameters by FACS analysis (analogous to laser-capture micro-dissection). Mitochondrial activity, glucose uptake, and ROS production were measured with highly-sensitive fluorescent probes (MitoTracker, NBD-2-deoxy-glucose, and DCF-DA). Interestingly, using this approach, we directly show that cancer cells initially secrete hydrogen peroxide that then triggers oxidative stress in neighboring fibroblasts. Thus, oxidative stress is contagious (spreads like a virus) and is propagated laterally and vectorially from cancer cells to adjacent fibroblasts. Experimentally, we show that oxidative stress in cancer-associated fibroblasts quantitatively reduces mitochondrial activity, and increases glucose uptake, as the fibroblasts become more dependent on aerobic glycolysis. Conversely, co-cultured cancer cells show significant increases in mitochondrial activity, and corresponding reductions in both glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression. Pre-treatment of co-cultures with extracellular catalase (an anti-oxidant enzyme that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide) blocks the onset of oxidative stress, and potently induces the death of cancer cells, likely via starvation. Given that cancer-associated fibroblasts show the largest increases in glucose uptake, we suggest that PET imaging of human tumors, with Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-2-DG), may be specifically detecting the tumor stroma, rather than epithelial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo E Martinez-Outschoorn
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Abstract
Almost half a century after the first reports describing the limited replicative potential of primary cells in culture, there is now overwhelming evidence for the existence of "cellular senescence" in vivo. It is being recognized as a critical feature of mammalian cells to suppress tumorigenesis, acting alongside cell death programs. Here, we review the various features of cellular senescence and discuss their contribution to tumor suppression. Additionally, we highlight the power and limitations of the biomarkers currently used to identify senescent cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kuilman
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Bianchi-Frias D, Vakar-Lopez F, Coleman IM, Plymate SR, Reed MJ, Nelson PS. The effects of aging on the molecular and cellular composition of the prostate microenvironment. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20824135 PMCID: PMC2931699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advancing age is associated with substantial increases in the incidence rates of common diseases affecting the prostate gland including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma. The prostate is comprised of a functional secretory epithelium, a basal epithelium, and a supporting stroma comprised of structural elements, and a spectrum of cell types that includes smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells. As reciprocal interactions between epithelium and stromal constituents are essential for normal organogenesis and serve to maintain normal functions, discordance within the stroma could permit or promote disease processes. In this study we sought to identify aging-associated alterations in the mouse prostate microenvironment that could influence pathology. Methodology/Principal Findings We quantitated transcript levels in microdissected glandular-adjacent stroma from young (age 4 months) and old (age 20–24 months) C57BL/6 mice, and identified a significant change in the expression of 1259 genes (p<0.05). These included increases in transcripts encoding proteins associated with inflammation (e.g., Ccl8, Ccl12), genotoxic/oxidative stress (e.g., Apod, Serpinb5) and other paracrine-acting effects (e.g., Cyr61). The expression of several collagen genes (e.g., Col1a1 and Col3a1) exhibited age-associated declines. By histology, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy we determined that the collagen matrix is abundant and disorganized, smooth muscle cell orientation is disordered, and inflammatory infiltrates are significantly increased, and are comprised of macrophages, T cells and, to a lesser extent, B cells. Conclusion/Significance These findings demonstrate that during normal aging the prostate stroma exhibits phenotypic and molecular characteristics plausibly contributing to the striking age associated pathologies affecting the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Bianchi-Frias
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Funda Vakar-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ilsa M. Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - May J. Reed
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Davalos AR, Coppe JP, Campisi J, Desprez PY. Senescent cells as a source of inflammatory factors for tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:273-83. [PMID: 20390322 PMCID: PMC2865636 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, which is associated with aging, is a process by which cells enter a state of permanent cell cycle arrest, therefore constituting a potent tumor suppressive mechanism. Recent studies show that, despite the beneficial effects of cellular senescence, senescent cells can also exert harmful effects on the tissue microenvironment. The most significant of these effects is the acquisition of a senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which entails a striking increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we summarize our knowledge of the SASP and the impact it has on tissue microenvironments and ability to stimulate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert R. Davalos
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Coppe
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945 USA
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, 475 Brannan Street, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
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22
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Coppé JP, Desprez PY, Krtolica A, Campisi J. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: the dark side of tumor suppression. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2010; 5:99-118. [PMID: 20078217 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-121808-102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3304] [Impact Index Per Article: 236.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a tumor-suppressive mechanism that permanently arrests cells at risk for malignant transformation. However, accumulating evidence shows that senescent cells can have deleterious effects on the tissue microenvironment. The most significant of these effects is the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that turns senescent fibroblasts into proinflammatory cells that have the ability to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Coppé
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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23
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Bartholomew JN, Volonte D, Galbiati F. Caveolin-1 regulates the antagonistic pleiotropic properties of cellular senescence through a novel Mdm2/p53-mediated pathway. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2878-86. [PMID: 19318577 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We show that caveolin-1 is a novel binding protein for Mdm2. After oxidative stress, caveolin-1 sequesters Mdm2 away from p53, leading to stabilization of p53 and up-regulation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) in human fibroblasts. Expression of a peptide corresponding to the Mdm2 binding domain of caveolin-1 is sufficient to up-regulate p53 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) protein expression and induce premature senescence. Oxidative stress-induced activation of the p53/p21(Waf1/Cip1) pathway and induction of premature senescence are compromised in caveolin-1 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). We also show that reintroduction of caveolin-1 in oncogenic Ras (Ras(G12V))-transformed fibroblasts, which express residual levels of caveolin-1, is sufficient to promote cellular senescence. Moreover, caveolin-1 expression in MEFs is required for senescent fibroblast-induced stimulation of cell growth and tumorigenesis of both Ras(G12V)-transformed fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our results propose caveolin-1 as a key mediator of the antagonistic pleiotropic properties of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine N Bartholomew
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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24
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Muller M. Cellular senescence: molecular mechanisms, in vivo significance, and redox considerations. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:59-98. [PMID: 18976161 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is recognized as a critical cellular response to prolonged rounds of replication and environmental stresses. Its defining characteristics are arrested cell-cycle progression and the development of aberrant gene expression with proinflammatory behavior. Whereas the mechanistic events associated with senescence are generally well understood at the molecular level, the impact of senescence in vivo remains to be fully determined. In addition to the role of senescence as an antitumor mechanism, this review examines cellular senescence as a factor in organismal aging and age-related diseases, with particular emphasis on aberrant gene expression and abnormal paracrine signaling. Senescence as an emerging factor in tissue remodeling, wound repair, and infection is considered. In addition, the role of oxidative stress as a major mediator of senescence and the role of NAD(P)H oxidases and changes to intracellular GSH/GSSG status are reviewed. Recent findings indicate that senescence and the behavior of senescent cells are amenable to therapeutic intervention. As the in vivo significance of senescence becomes clearer, the challenge will be to modulate the adverse effects of senescence without increasing the risks of other diseases, such as cancer. The uncoupled relation between cell-cycle arrest and the senescent phenotype suggests that this is an achievable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Muller
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord RG Hospital, Concord, Sydney, Australia.
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25
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Ren JL, Pan JS, Lu YP, Sun P, Han J. Inflammatory signaling and cellular senescence. Cell Signal 2008; 21:378-83. [PMID: 18992324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation acts as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of cancer. Inflammatory responses play a key role in eliminating potentially cancerous cells; however, an inflammatory microenvironment also promotes the development of cancer. Proinflammatory cytokines, the key mediators of inflammation, also play a dual role in oncogenesis. While they can promote neoplastic progression, recent studies have revealed an unexpected function of the inflammatory pathways in inhibiting cancer development. These studies demonstrate that cells undergoing senescence, a cellular program serving as a barrier to cancer development, produce increased amount of inflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory cytokines play an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of cellular senescence, and are responsible for triggering an innate immune response that clears the senescent tumor cells in vivo. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the dual roles of the inflammatory cytokines produced by senescent cells in the pathogenesis of cancer, and the signaling pathway mediating their role in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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26
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Lewis DA, Travers JB, Spandau DF. A new paradigm for the role of aging in the development of skin cancer. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:787-91. [PMID: 18818672 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Ksiazek K, Jörres A, Witowski J. Senescence induces a proangiogenic switch in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Rejuvenation Res 2008; 11:681-3. [PMID: 18593286 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2008.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cancers that metastasize to the peritoneum increases with age. Intraperitoneal cancer dissemination depends largely on angiogenesis and interactions with the peritoneal mesothelium. We assessed the proangiogenic potential of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Conditioned media collected from these cells at senescence stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells to a significantly greater extent compared to media from early-passage cells. The effect was accompanied by a significantly increased release of proangiogenic mediators -- VEGF, CXCL1/GROalpha, CXCL8/IL-8, and CCL2/MCP-1. These results indicate that the senescent mesothelium exhibits increased angiogenic activity, which may contribute to accelerated intraperitoneal cancer progression in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Ksiazek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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28
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Coppe JP, Boysen M, Ho Sun C, Wong BJ, Kang MK, Park NH, Desprez PY, Campisi J, Krtolica A. A role for fibroblasts in mediating the effects of tobacco-induced epithelial cell growth and invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:1085-98. [PMID: 18644973 PMCID: PMC2768668 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke and smokeless tobacco extracts contain multiple carcinogenic compounds, but little is known about the mechanisms by which tumors develop and progress upon chronic exposure to carcinogens such as those present in tobacco products. Here, we examine the effects of smokeless tobacco extracts on human oral fibroblasts. We show that smokeless tobacco extracts elevated the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen, oxidative DNA damage, and DNA double-strand breaks in a dose-dependent manner. Extended exposure to extracts induced fibroblasts to undergo a senescence-like growth arrest, with striking accompanying changes in the secretory phenotype. Using cocultures of smokeless tobacco extracts-exposed fibroblasts and immortalized but nontumorigenic keratinocytes, we further show that factors secreted by extracts-modified fibroblasts increase the proliferation and invasiveness of partially transformed epithelial cells, but not their normal counterparts. In addition, smokeless tobacco extracts-exposed fibroblasts caused partially transformed keratinocytes to lose the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1, as well as involucrin, changes that are indicative of compromised epithelial function and commonly associated with malignant progression. Together, our results suggest that fibroblasts may contribute to tumorigenesis indirectly by increasing epithelial cell aggressiveness. Thus, tobacco may not only initiate mutagenic changes in epithelial cells but also promote the growth and invasion of mutant cells by creating a procarcinogenic stromal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Coppe
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Megan Boysen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Chung Ho Sun
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | - Mo K. Kang
- School of Dentistry, Center for the Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - No-Hee Park
- School of Dentistry, Center for the Health Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Judith Campisi
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Ana Krtolica
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
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Sun T, McMinn P, Holcombe M, Smallwood R, MacNeil S. Agent based modelling helps in understanding the rules by which fibroblasts support keratinocyte colony formation. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2129. [PMID: 18461132 PMCID: PMC2329887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autologous keratincoytes are routinely expanded using irradiated mouse fibroblasts and bovine serum for clinical use. With growing concerns about the safety of these xenobiotic materials, it is desirable to culture keratinocytes in media without animal derived products. An improved understanding of epithelial/mesenchymal interactions could assist in this. Methodology/Principal Findings A keratincyte/fibroblast o-culture model was developed by extending an agent-based keratinocyte colony formation model to include the response of keratinocytes to both fibroblasts and serum. The model was validated by comparison of the in virtuo and in vitro multicellular behaviour of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in single and co-culture in Greens medium. To test the robustness of the model, several properties of the fibroblasts were changed to investigate their influence on the multicellular morphogenesis of keratinocyes and fibroblasts. The model was then used to generate hypotheses to explore the interactions of both proliferative and growth arrested fibroblasts with keratinocytes. The key predictions arising from the model which were confirmed by in vitro experiments were that 1) the ratio of fibroblasts to keratinocytes would critically influence keratinocyte colony expansion, 2) this ratio needed to be optimum at the beginning of the co-culture, 3) proliferative fibroblasts would be more effective than irradiated cells in expanding keratinocytes and 4) in the presence of an adequate number of fibroblasts, keratinocyte expansion would be independent of serum. Conclusions A closely associated computational and biological approach is a powerful tool for understanding complex biological systems such as the interactions between keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The key outcome of this study is the finding that the early addition of a critical ratio of proliferative fibroblasts can give rapid keratinocyte expansion without the use of irradiated mouse fibroblasts and bovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TS); (SM)
| | - Phil McMinn
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Holcombe
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rod Smallwood
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TS); (SM)
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Jeyapalan JC, Sedivy JM. Cellular senescence and organismal aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 129:467-74. [PMID: 18502472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, first observed and defined using in vitro cell culture studies, is an irreversible cell cycle arrest which can be triggered by a variety of factors. Emerging evidence suggests that cellular senescence acts as an in vivo tumor suppression mechanism by limiting aberrant proliferation. It has also been postulated that cellular senescence can occur independently of cancer and contribute to the physiological processes of normal organismal aging. Recent data have demonstrated the in vivo accumulation of senescent cells with advancing age. Some characteristics of senescent cells, such as the ability to modify their extracellular environment, could play a role in aging and age-related pathology. In this review, we examine current evidence that links cellular senescence and organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie C Jeyapalan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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31
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den Reijer PM, Maier AB, Westendorp RGJ, van Heemst D. Influence of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism on the cellular responses to X-irradiation in fibroblasts from nonagenarians. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 129:175-82. [PMID: 18272203 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In mice, genetic modification of the gene encoding p53 affects both cancer incidence and longevity. In humans, we recently found that a TP53 codon 72 Arginine (Arg) to Proline (Pro) polymorphism affected both cancer incidence and longevity as well. The TP53 codon 72 polymorphism has previously been shown to influence the apoptotic potential of human cells in response to oxidative stress. Here, we studied the influence of this polymorphism on the cellular responses to X-irradiation of fibroblasts obtained from nonagenarians. We found that the average clonogenic survival after X-irradiation was similar for the three TP53 codon 72 genotype groups. As described before, X-irradiation did not induce an appreciable degree of apoptosis in human fibroblasts. However, percentages of senescence-associated (SA)-beta-galactosidase positive cells (p < 0.001), micronucleated cells (p < 0.001) and cells displaying abnormal nuclear morphologies (p < 0.001) significantly increased with the radiation dose. Compared to Arg/Arg fibroblasts, Pro/Pro fibroblasts exhibited higher irradiation dose-dependent increases in SA-beta-galactosidase positive cells (p(interaction) = 0.018), micronucleated cells (p(interaction) = 0.005) and cells displaying abnormal nuclear morphologies (p(interaction) = 0.029) at 3 days after irradiation. Possibly, these differences in cellular responses to stress between the TP53 codon 72 genotypes contribute to the differences in cancer incidence and longevity observed earlier for these genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martijn den Reijer
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Campisi J, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Cellular senescence: when bad things happen to good cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8:729-40. [PMID: 17667954 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3020] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cells continually experience stress and damage from exogenous and endogenous sources, and their responses range from complete recovery to cell death. Proliferating cells can initiate an additional response by adopting a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest that is termed cellular senescence. Understanding the causes and consequences of cellular senescence has provided novel insights into how cells react to stress, especially genotoxic stress, and how this cellular response can affect complex organismal processes such as the development of cancer and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Campisi
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Currid CA, O'Connor DP, Chang BD, Gebus C, Harris N, Dawson KA, Dunn MJ, Pennington SR, Roninson IB, Gallagher WM. Proteomic analysis of factors released from p21-overexpressing tumour cells. Proteomics 2006; 6:3739-53. [PMID: 16739131 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor is a key regulator of cell cycle progression and has also been observed to influence the expression of genes associated with several age-related disorders. Previous work has shown that expression of p21 in tumour cells mediates an antiapoptotic and mitogenic paracrine effect, which is in contrast to the arrested state of p21-expressing cells. Here, we have employed SELDI-MS technology to characterise, at a proteomic level, factors released from HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells displaying inducible p21 expression. Conditioned media from induced and noninduced cells were profiled on a range of diverse ProteinChip arrays and subjected to SELDI-MS analysis. Evaluation of proteins binding onto IMAC, Q10 or CM10 surfaces led to the discovery of a number of putative p21-regulated factors. We further validated three p21-regulated proteins observed at 10.2, 11.7 and 13.4 kDa. Using Q Ceramic HyperD fractionation columns, we were able to selectively enrich for each of these three proteins. Subsequent SDS-PAGE and MS analysis of tryptic digests identified the 13.4 kDa protein as cystatin C and the 10.2 kDa protein as pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP). Judging by the apparent MW and the pI of the 11.7 kDa protein, we reasoned that it may be beta-2-microglobulin, which was confirmed by subsequent identification. Increased levels of cystatin C and beta-2-microglobulin in conditioned media from p21-expressing cells was confirmed by antibody capture experiments using anticystatin C and anti-beta-2-microglobulin antibodies on preactivated PS-20 arrays. Western blot analysis demonstrated increased expression of intracellular and extracellular cystatin C and beta-2-microglobulin in p21-expressing cells, compared to noninduced controls. Increased levels of PPBP were validated in cell lysates from p21-expressing cells. The three secreted factors that we have identified in this study, have all been shown previously to have growth modulating effects and, as such, may contribute to the observed mitogenic and anti-apoptotic paracrine activity of p21-expressing [corrected] cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Currid
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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da Silva TA, Coelho G, Bocca AL, Neto FFC. Expression of apoptotic, cell proliferation regulatory, and structural proteins in actinic keratosis and their association with dermal elastosis. J Cutan Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2006.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang X, Chen X, Wu D, Liu W, Wang J, Feng Z, Cai G, Fu B, Hong Q, Du J. Downregulation of connexin 43 expression by high glucose induces senescence in glomerular mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:1532-42. [PMID: 16675599 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005070776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) plays an important role in cell differentiation and growth control, but whether it can be regulated by high glucose and whether it can mediate in glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) the phenotype alterations that are induced by high glucose still remain to be explored. In this study, RNA interference and gene transfer techniques were used to knock down and overexpress Cx43 gene in rat GMC to determine the contribution of Cx43 to GMC senescence that was induced by high glucose. The results show that high glucose (30 mM) not only downregulated Cx43 mRNA and protein expression (P<0.05) but also increased the percentage of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) stained cells and expression of p21cip1 and p27kip1 (P<0.05), indicating that high glucose promoted rat GMC senescence. Knocking down Cx43 gene expression significantly increased the percentage of SA-beta-gal stained cells and p27kip1 and p21cip1 expression in GMC (P<0.05), whereas overexpression of Cx43 significantly decreased the percentage of SA-beta-gal stained cells (P<0.05). These results demonstrate for the first time that downregulation of Cx43 expression by high glucose promotes the senescence of GMC, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of PLA, General Hospital of PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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Cong YS, Fan E, Wang E. Simultaneous proteomic profiling of four different growth states of human fibroblasts, using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents and tandem mass spectrometry. Mech Ageing Dev 2006; 127:332-43. [PMID: 16434083 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In general, permanent growth arrest due to exhaustive cell replication can be induced prematurely by either stress or overexpression of selected oncogenes. In an attempt to examine key proteins involved in achieving premature senescence, and how they differ from those in serially passaged, replicatively exhausted cells, we used a novel proteomic profiling approach, isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), to perform simultaneous four-way comparison of replicatively senescent fibroblasts, oxidatively stressed prematurely senescent fibroblasts, and their young replicating and quiescent counterparts. Two hundred and forty proteins were identified and quantified simultaneously; data analysis reveals: (1) groups of proteins whose expressions are uniformly either up- or down-regulated in all three growth arrest states; (2) signature proteins which may serve as candidate proteomic markers to differentiate the quiescent state from permanent growth arrest by either exhaustive replication or stress induction and (3) that while oxidative stress-induced, prematurely senescent fibroblasts morphologically resemble their replicatively exhausted counterparts, they exhibit different protein expression patterns. Results from simultaneous proteomic profiling were validated by Western blotting for selected proteins: collagen type I, HSP90 and vimentin. In conclusion, this report shows that iTRAQ proteomic profiling is a powerful technique for globally mapping protein signatures for different culture growth states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
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Xie L, Tsaprailis G, Chen QM. Proteomic Identification of Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-6 Induced by Sublethal H2O2 Stress from Human Diploid Fibroblasts. Mol Cell Proteomics 2005; 4:1273-83. [PMID: 15958393 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500032-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the most ubiquitous cell types within our body. They produce various factors to maintain the texture and structure of a particular organ or tissue. To identify protein factors secreted by fibroblasts and alteration of these protein factors upon oxidative stress, HCA3 human skin diploid fibroblasts were exposed to a sublethal dose of H2O2, which induces a prematurely senescent phenotype. Conditioned media from prematurely senescent cells versus control cells were analyzed for proteins using an LC-MS/MS-based proteomic technique. Collagen alpha1(VI), collagen alpha2(I), fibronectin, lumican, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 were among the proteins consistently detected from control and H2O2-treated cells. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) consistently showed up in the conditioned medium of H2O2-treated cells but not from untreated cells. Increased IGFBP-6 production due to H2O2 treatment was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. While H2O2 induced a dose-dependent elevation of IGFBP-6 mRNA, Western blot analyses detected elevated levels of IGFBP-6 protein in the conditioned medium of H2O2-treated cells. In comparison, fibronectin or matrix metalloproteinase 2 did not show changes at the mRNA level in cell lysates or at the protein level in the conditioned medium by H2O2 treatment. Using several types of toxins at sublethal doses, including cis-platin, hydroxyurea, colchicine, L-mimosine, rhodamine, dithiothreitol, or N-ethylmaleimide, we found that these agents induced increases of IGFBP-6 at mRNA and protein levels. An increased level of IGFBP-6 protein was detected in the plasma of aging mice and of young mice treated with doxorubicin. These data suggest that IGFBP-6 may serve as a sensitive biomarker of cell degeneration or injury in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
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Abstract
Evolutionary theory holds that aging is a consequence of the declining force of natural selection with age. We discuss here the evidence that among the causes of aging in complex multicellular organisms, such as mammals, is the antagonistically pleiotropic effects of the cellular responses that protect the organism from cancer. Cancer is relatively rare in young mammals, owing in large measure to the activity of tumor suppressor mechanisms. These mechanisms either protect the genome from damage and/or mutations, or they elicit cellular responses-apoptosis or senescence--that eliminate or prevent the proliferation of somatic cells at risk for neoplastic transformation. We focus here on the senescence response, reviewing its causes, regulation and effects. In addition, we describe recent data that support the idea that both senescence and apoptosis may indeed be the double-edged swords predicted by the evolutionary hypothesis of antagonistic pleiotropy-protecting organisms from cancer early in life, but promoting aging phenotypes, including late life cancer, in older organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Campisi
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Abstract
Cells from organisms with renewable tissues can permanently withdraw from the cell cycle in response to diverse stress, including dysfunctional telomeres, DNA damage, strong mitogenic signals, and disrupted chromatin. This response, termed cellular senescence, is controlled by the p53 and RB tumor suppressor proteins and constitutes a potent anticancer mechanism. Nonetheless, senescent cells acquire phenotypic changes that may contribute to aging and certain age-related diseases, including late-life cancer. Thus, the senescence response may be antagonistically pleiotropic, promoting early-life survival by curtailing the development of cancer but eventually limiting longevity as dysfunctional senescent cells accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Campisi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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