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Ghosh S, Roy P, Lahiri D. Development of Anisotropic Electrically Conductive GNP-Reinforced PCL-Collagen Scaffold for Enhanced Neurogenic Differentiation under Electrical Stimulation. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400061. [PMID: 38547362 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The internal electric field of the human body plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, such as, cellular interactions, embryonic development and the healing process. Electrical stimulation (ES) modulates cytoskeleton and calcium ion activities to restore nervous system functioning. When exposed to electrical fields, stem cells respond similarly to neurons, muscle cells, blood vessel linings, and connective tissue (fibroblasts), depending on their environment. This study develops cost-effective electroconductive scaffolds for regenerative therapy. This was achieved by incorporating carboxy functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) into a Polycaprolactone (PCL)-collagen matrix. ES was used to assess the scaffolds' propensity to boost neuronal differentiation from MSCs. This study reported that aligned GNP-reinforced PCL-Collagen scaffolds demonstrate substantial MSC differentiation with ES. This work effectively develops scaffolds using a simple, cost-effective synthesis approach. The direct coupling approach generated a homogeneous electric field to stimulate cells cultured on GNP-reinforced scaffolds. The scaffolds exhibited improved mechanical and electrical characteristics, as a result of the reinforcement with carbon nanofillers. In vitro results suggest that electrical stimulation helps differentiation of mesenchymal stem-like cells (MSC-like) towards neuronal. This finding holds great potential for the development of effective treatments for tissue injuries related to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Present address: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 13210, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Ranjbar N, Bakhshandeh B, Pennisi CP. Electroconductive Nanofibrous Scaffolds Enable Neuronal Differentiation in Response to Electrical Stimulation without Exogenous Inducing Factors. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1438. [PMID: 38136029 PMCID: PMC10740536 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various biochemical and biophysical inducers for neural regeneration, electrical stimulation (ES) has recently attracted considerable attention as an efficient means to induce neuronal differentiation in tissue engineering approaches. The aim of this in vitro study was to develop a nanofibrous scaffold that enables ES-mediated neuronal differentiation in the absence of exogenous soluble inducers. A nanofibrous scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), and single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) was fabricated via electrospinning and its physicochemical properties were investigated. The cytocompatibility of the electrospun composite with the PC12 cell line and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was investigated. The results showed that the PCL/PLLA/SWNT nanofibrous scaffold did not exhibit cytotoxicity and supported cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation. ES was applied to cells cultured on the nanofibrous scaffolds at different intensities and the expression of the three neural markers (Nestin, Microtubule-associated protein 2, and β tubulin-3) was evaluated using RT-qPCR analysis. The results showed that the highest expression of neural markers could be achieved at an electric field intensity of 200 mV/cm, suggesting that the scaffold in combination with ES can be an efficient tool to accelerate neural differentiation in the absence of exogenous soluble inducers. This has important implications for the regeneration of nerve injuries and may provide insights for further investigations of the mechanisms underlying ES-mediated neuronal commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Ranjbar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9260 Gistrup, Denmark
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Choudhary P, Gupta A, Singh S. Therapeutic Advancement in Neuronal Transdifferentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Neurological Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:889-901. [PMID: 33047251 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders have become the leading cause of chronic pain and death. Treatments available are not sufficient to help the patients as they only alleviate the symptoms and not the cause. In this regard, stem cells therapy has emerged as an upcoming option for the replacement of dead and damaged neurons. Stem cells, in general, are characterized as cells exhibiting potency properties, i.e., on being subjected to specific conditions they transform into cells of another lineage. Of all the types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their pluripotent nature without the obstacle of ethical concern surrounding the procurement of other cell types. Although fibroblasts are quite similar to MSCs morphologically, certain markers like CD73, CD 90 are specific to MSCs, making both the cell types distinguishable from each other. This is implemented while procuring MSCs from a plethora of sources like umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, bone marrow, etc. Among these, bone marrow MSCs are the most widely used type for neural regeneration. Neural regeneration is achieved via transdifferentiation. Several studies have either transplanted the stem cells into rodent models or have carried out transdifferentiation in vitro. The process involves a combination of growth factors, pre-treatment factors, and neuronal differentiation inducing mediums. The results obtained are characterized by neuron-like morphology, expression of markers, along with electrophysical activity in some. Recent attempts involve exploring biomaterials that may mimic the native ECM and therefore can be directly introduced at the site of interest. The review gives a brief description of MSCs, their sources and markers, and the different attempts that have been made towards achieving the goal of differentiating MSCs into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princy Choudhary
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Applied Science Department, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India.
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Reprogramming and transdifferentiation - two key processes for regenerative medicine. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173202. [PMID: 32562801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine based on transplants obtained from donors or foetal and new-born mesenchymal stem cells, encounter important obstacles such as limited availability of organs, ethical issues and immune rejection. The growing demand for therapeutic methods for patients being treated after serious accidents, severe organ dysfunction and an increasing number of cancer surgeries, exceeds the possibilities of the therapies that are currently available. Reprogramming and transdifferentiation provide powerful bioengineering tools. Both procedures are based on the somatic differentiated cells, which are easily and unlimitedly available, like for example: fibroblasts. During the reprogramming procedure mature cells are converted into pluripotent cells - which are capable to differentiate into almost any kind of desired cells. Transdifferentiation directly converts differentiated cells of one type into another differentiated cells type. Both procedures allow to obtained patient's dedicated cells for therapeutic purpose in regenerative medicine. In combination with biomaterials, it is possible to obtain even whole anatomical structures. Those patient's dedicated structures may serve for them upon serious accidents with massive tissue damage but also upon cancer surgeries as a replacement of damaged organ. Detailed information about reprogramming and transdifferentiation procedures as well as the current state of the art are presented in our review.
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Kang YH, Shivakumar SB, Son YB, Bharti D, Jang SJ, Heo KS, Park WU, Byun JH, Park BW, Rho GJ. Comparative analysis of three different protocols for cholinergic neuron differentiation in vitro using mesenchymal stem cells from human dental pulp. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:275-287. [PMID: 31489249 PMCID: PMC6711138 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1626280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the activity of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine synthesis in the cholinergic neurons cause neurological disorders involving a decline in cognitive abilities, such as Alzheimer's disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as an efficient therapeutic agents due to their neuronal differentiation potential. Different source derived MSCs may have different differentiation potential under different inductions. Various in vitro protocols have been developed to differentiate MSCs into specific neurons but the comparative effect of different protocols utilizing same source derived MSCs, is not known. To address this issue, dental pulp derived MSCs (DPSCs) were differentiated into cholinergic neurons using three different protocols. In protocol I, DPSCs were pre-induced with serum-free ADMEM containing 1 mM of β-mercaptoethanol for 24 h and then incubated with 100 ng/ml nerve growth factor (NGF) for 6 days. Under protocol II, DPSCs were cultured in serum-free ADMEM containing 15 µg/ml of D609 (tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate) for 4 days. Under protocol III, the DPSCs were cultured in serum-free ADMEM containing 10 ng/ml of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 50 µM of forskolin, 250 ng/ml of sonic hedgehog (SHH), and 0.5 µM of retinoic acid (RA) for 7 days. The DPSCs were successfully trans-differentiated under all the protocols, exhibited neuron-like morphologies with upregulated cholinergic neuron-specific markers such as ChAT, HB9, ISL1, BETA-3, and MAP2 both at mRNA and protein levels in comparison to untreated cells. However, protocol III-induced cells showed the highest expression of the cholinergic markers and secreted the highest level of acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Dentistry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharath Belame Shivakumar
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Son
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bharti
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jung Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Sun Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Uk Park
- Department of Dental Technology, Jinju Health College, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Dentistry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Dentistry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Muniswami DM, Kanthakumar P, Kanakasabapathy I, Tharion G. Motor Recovery after Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rat Models of Spinal Cord Injury. Ann Neurosci 2018; 25:126-140. [PMID: 30814821 DOI: 10.1159/000487069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal tissue has a limited potential to self-renew or get repaired after damage. Cell therapies using stem cells are promising approaches for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. However, the clinical use of embryonic stem cells is limited by ethical concerns and other scientific consequences. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) could represent an alternative source of stem cells for replacement therapy. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated that MSCs can give rise to neuronal cells as well as many tissue-specific cell phenotypes. Purpose Motor recovery by transplantation of bone marrow MSCs in rat models of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Bone marrow was collected from the femur of albino Wistar rats. MSCs were separated using the Ficoll-Paque density gradient method and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. Cultured MSC was characterized by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry and neuronal-induced cells were further characterized for neural markers. Cultured MSCs were transplanted into the experimentally injured spinal cord of Wistar rats. Control (injured, but without cell transplantation) and transplanted rats were followed up to 8 weeks, analyzed using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale and electromyography (EMG) for behavioral and physiological status of the injured spinal cord. Finally, the tissue was evaluated histologically. Results Rat MSCs expressed positivity for a panel of MSC markers CD29, CD54, CD90, CD73, and CD105, and negativity for hematopoietic markers CD34, CD14, and CD45. In vitro neuronal transdifferentiated MSCs express positivity for β III tubulin, MAP2, NF, NeuN, Nav1.1, oligodendrocyte (O4), and negativity for glial fibrillary acid protein. All the treated groups show promising hind-limb motor recovery BBB score, except the control group. There was increased EMG amplitude in treated groups as compared to the control group. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled MSC survived and differentiated into neurons in the injured spinal cord, which is responsible for functional recovery. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that BM-MSC has the potential to repair the injured cord in rat models of SCI. Thus, BM-MSC appears to be a promising candidate for cell-based therapy in CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durai Murugan Muniswami
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - George Tharion
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Deng Y, Huang G, Zou L, Nong T, Yang X, Cui J, Wei Y, Yang S, Shi D. Isolation and characterization of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) amniotic mesenchymal stem cells derived from amnion from the first trimester pregnancy. J Vet Med Sci 2018. [PMID: 29515060 PMCID: PMC5938205 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) from livestock are valuable resources for animal
reproduction and veterinary therapeutic. The purpose of this study is to explore a
suitable way to isolate and culture the buffalo AMSCs (bAMSCs), and to identify their
biological characteristics. Digestion with a combination of trypsin-EDTA and collagenase
type I could obtain pure bAMSCs more effectively than trypsin-EDTA or collagenase type I
alone. bAMSCs could proliferate steadily in vitro culture and exhibited
fibroblastic-like morphology in vortex-shaped colony. bAMSCs were positive for
MSC-specific markers CD44, CD90, CD105,
CD73, β-integrin (CD29) and
CD166, and pluripotent markers OCT4,
SOX2, NANOG, REX-1,
SSEA-1, SSEA-4 and TRA-1-81, but
negative for hematopoietic markers CD34, CD45 and
epithelial cells specific marker Cytokeratin 18. In addition, bAMSCs were capable of
differentiating into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and neural lineages, with
expression of FABP4, Ost, ACAN,
COL2A1, Nestin and β III-tubulin.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor: kenpaullone promoted bAMSCs to differentiate into
neural lineage. This study provides an effective protocol to obtain and characterize
bAMSCs, which have proven useful as a cell resource for buffalo cell reprogramming studies
and transgenic animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Deng
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guiting Huang
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lingxiu Zou
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tianying Nong
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiayu Cui
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Sufang Yang
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Eve DJ, Sanberg PR, Buzanska L, Sarnowska A, Domanska-Janik K. Human Somatic Stem Cell Neural Differentiation Potential. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 66:21-87. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Hall ME, Mohtaram NK, Willerth SM, Edwards R. Modeling the behavior of human induced pluripotent stem cells seeded on melt electrospun scaffolds. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:38. [PMID: 29075321 PMCID: PMC5651653 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can form any tissue found in the body, making them attractive for regenerative medicine applications. Seeding hiPSC aggregates into biomaterial scaffolds can control their differentiation into specific tissue types. Here we develop and analyze a mathematical model of hiPSC aggregate behavior when seeded on melt electrospun scaffolds with defined topography. RESULTS We used ordinary differential equations to model the different cellular populations (stem, progenitor, differentiated) present in our scaffolds based on experimental results and published literature. Our model successfully captures qualitative features of the cellular dynamics observed experimentally. We determined the optimal parameter sets to maximize specific cellular populations experimentally, showing that a physiologic oxygen level (∼ 5%) increases the number of neural progenitors and differentiated neurons compared to atmospheric oxygen levels (∼ 21%) and a scaffold porosity of ∼ 63% maximizes aggregate size. CONCLUSIONS Our mathematical model determined the key factors controlling hiPSC behavior on melt electrospun scaffolds, enabling optimization of experimental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Hall
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie M. Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Roderick Edwards
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Xavier-Elsas P, Ferreira RN, Gaspar-Elsas MIC. Surgical and immune reconstitution murine models in bone marrow research: Potential for exploring mechanisms in sepsis, trauma and allergy. World J Exp Med 2017; 7:58-77. [PMID: 28890868 PMCID: PMC5571450 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v7.i3.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow, the vital organ which maintains lifelong hemopoiesis, currently receives considerable attention, as a source of multiple cell types which may play important roles in repair at distant sites. This emerging function, distinct from, but closely related to, bone marrow roles in innate immunity and inflammation, has been characterized through a number of strategies. However, the use of surgical models in this endeavour has hitherto been limited. Surgical strategies allow the experimenter to predetermine the site, timing, severity and invasiveness of injury; to add or remove aggravating factors (such as infection and defects in immunity) in controlled ways; and to manipulate the context of repair, including reconstitution with selected immune cell subpopulations. This endows surgical models overall with great potential for exploring bone marrow responses to injury, inflammation and infection, and its roles in repair and regeneration. We review three different murine surgical models, which variously combine trauma with infection, antigenic stimulation, or immune reconstitution, thereby illuminating different aspects of the bone marrow response to systemic injury in sepsis, trauma and allergy. They are: (1) cecal ligation and puncture, a versatile model of polymicrobial sepsis; (2) egg white implant, an intriguing model of eosinophilia induced by a combination of trauma and sensitization to insoluble allergen; and (3) ectopic lung tissue transplantation, which allows us to dissect afferent and efferent mechanisms leading to accumulation of hemopoietic cells in the lungs. These models highlight the gain in analytical power provided by the association of surgical and immunological strategies.
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Zhu J, Meng P, Wang Q, Wang H, Zhang J, Li Y, Li D, Tan X, Yang L, Huang J. Effects of neuritin on the differentiation of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuron‑like cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3201-3207. [PMID: 28714031 PMCID: PMC5547941 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While the neurotrophic factor neuritin is known to be involved in neurodevelopment, the effects of this compound on cell differentiation remain unclear. The present study demonstrated that neuritin treatment induced the differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) into neuron-like (NL) cells. For these analyses, rBM-MSCs were incubated with 0.5 µg/ml neuritin for 24 h. Following induction, 27% of the rBM-MSCs exhibited typical NL cell morphologies. Subsequently, NL cells were characterized by examining the expression of neuronal markers and by analysis of cell functions. The findings demonstrated that the NL cells produced by neuritin treatment expressed the neuronal markers neuron-specific enolase and microtubule associate protein 2, and secreted the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine. Furthermore, the NL cells exhibited certain partial neural-electrophysiological functions. In conclusion, neuritin treatment may be an effective method for inducing the differentiation of BM-MSCs towards NL cells. This may provide an alternative, potentially complementary tool for disease modeling and the development of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Dongzheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P.R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been proposed as a promising cellular source for the treatment of diseases in nervous systems. NSCs can self-renew and generate major cell types of the mammalian central nervous system throughout adulthood. NSCs exist not only in the embryo, but also in the adult brain neurogenic region: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle. Embryonic stem (ES) cells acquire NSC identity with a default mechanism. Under the regulations of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and fibroblast growth factors, the NSCs then become neural progenitors. Neurotrophic and differentiation factors that regulate gene expression for controlling neural cell fate and function determine the differentiation of neural progenitors in the developing mammalian brain. For clinical application of NSCs in neurodegenerative disorders and damaged neurons, there are several critical problems that remain to be resolved: 1) how to obtain enough NSCs from reliable sources for autologous transplantation; 2) how to regulate neural plasticity of different adult stem cells; 3) how to control differentiation of NSCs in the adult nervous system. In order to understand the mechanisms that control NSC differentiation and behavior, we review the ontogeny of NSCs and other stem cell plasticity of neuronal differentiation. The role of NSCs and their regulation by neurotrophic factors in CNS development are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Jhunan, Taiwan
| | - Don-Ching Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Jhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Jhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Nandoe Tewarie RDS, Nandoe RDS, Hurtado A, Levi ADO, Grotenhuis JA, Grotenhuis A, Oudega M. Bone Marrow Stromal Cells for Repair of the Spinal Cord: Towards Clinical Application. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:563-77. [PMID: 17176609 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have been recognized and intensively studied for their potential use in restorative approaches for degenerative diseases and traumatic injuries. In the central nervous system (CNS), stem cell-based strategies have been proposed to replace lost neurons in degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), or to replace lost oligodendrocytes in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Stem cells have also been implicated in repair of the adult spinal cord. An impact to the spinal cord results in immediate damage to tissue including blood vessels, causing loss of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In time, more tissue nearby or away from the injury site is lost due to secondary injury. In case of relatively minor damage to the cord some return of function can be observed, but in most cases the neurological loss is permanent. This review will focus on in vitro and in vivo studies on the use of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), a heterogeneous cell population that includes mesenchymal stem cells, for repair of the spinal cord in experimental injury models and their potential for human application. To optimally benefit from BMSCs for repair of the spinal cord it is imperative to develop in vitro techniques that will generate the desired cell type and/or a large enough number for in vivo transplantation approaches. We will also assess the potential and possible pitfalls for use of BMSCs in humans and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi D S Nandoe Tewarie
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Zhang H, Sun F, Wang J, Xie L, Yang C, Pan M, Shao B, Yang GY, Yang SH, ZhuGe Q, Jin K. Combining Injectable Plasma Scaffold with Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Repairing Infarct Cavity after Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2017; 8:203-214. [PMID: 28400986 PMCID: PMC5362179 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke survivors are typically left with structural brain damage and associated functional impairment in the chronic phase of injury, for which few therapeutic options exist. We reported previously that transplantation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural stem cells together with Matrigel scaffolding into the brains of rats after focal ischemia reduced infarct volume and improved neurobehavioral performance. Matrigel is a gelatinous protein mixture extracted from mouse sarcoma cells, thus would not be approved for use as a scaffold clinically. In this study, we generated a gel-like scaffold from plasma that was controlled by changing the concentration of CaCl2. In vitro study confirmed that 10-20 mM CaCl2 and 10-40% plasma did not affect the viability and proliferation of human and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). We transplanted plasma scaffold in combination of BMSCs into the cystic cavity after focal cerebral ischemia, and found that the atrophy volume was dramatically reduced and motor function was significantly improved in the group transplanted with scaffold/BMSCs compared with the groups treated with vehicle, scaffold or BMSCs only. Our data suggest that plasma-derived scaffold in combination of BMSCs is feasible for tissue engineering approach for the stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; 2Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Fen Sun
- 2Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jixian Wang
- 2Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; 3Department of Rehabilitation, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luokun Xie
- 2Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Chenqi Yang
- 2Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Mengxiong Pan
- 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; 2Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Bei Shao
- 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- 4Med-x Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- 2Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Qichuan ZhuGe
- 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; 2Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Saxena M, Prashar P, Yadav PS, Sen J. Mouse bone marrow stromal cells differentiate to neuron-like cells upon inhibition of BMP signaling. Differentiation 2016; 92:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nan C, Guo L, Zhao Z, Ma S, Liu J, Yan D, Song G, Liu H. Tetramethylpyrazine induces differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2287-94. [PMID: 27035275 PMCID: PMC4863923 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ability and optimal concentration of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) to induce human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) to differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro. Human umbilical cords from full-term caesarean section patients were used to obtain hUMSCs by collagenase digestion after removal of the umbilical artery and vein. The surface antigen expression profile of cultured hUMSCs was monitored by flow cytometry. After amplification, cells of the 5th passage were divided into experimental groups A–C treated with TMP at 4.67, 2.34 and 1.17 mg/ml, respectively, in low glucose-Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (L-DMEM) (induction medium), while group D (control) was exposed to L-DMEM culture medium only. Differentiation of hUMSCs into neuron-like cells and morphological changes were observed every 0.5 h with an inverted phase contrast microscope for 6 h. After the 6-h induction period, proportions of cells expressing neuronal markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament protein (NF-H) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The optimal concentration of TMP was selected on the basis of neuron-like cell positive rate. Western blotting and RT-polymerase chain reaction were applied to detect the expression of NSE, NF-H, and GFAP of the group of optimal concentration in each point-in-time. Results showed that most primary cells were adherent 12 h after seeding and first appeared as diamond or polygon shapes. Thereafter, they gradually grew into long spindle-shaped cells and finally in a radiating or swirling pattern. The cells maintained a strong proliferative capacity after continuous passage. Flow cytometry analysis of cultured hUMSCs at the 3rd, 5th and 10th passages expressed CD73, CD90 and CD105, but not CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45 or human leukocyte antigen-DR. After 6 h of TMP treatment, typical neuron-like cells with many protrusions connected into a net-like pattern were observed in all experimental groups. These neuron-like cells were positive for NSE and NF-H, but negative for GFAP. Among the tested treatment groups, group A with TMP at 4.67 mg/ml had the highest expression of NSE and NF-H. By contrast, no change was found after induction in the control group. The mRNA expression of cells expressing neuronal markers as well as GAPDH was observed, with the relative NSE transcript levels of 0, 1.303±0.031, 1.558±0.025, 1.927±0.019 and 2.415±0.033 after 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h of treatment, respectively; the mRNA expression of NH-F was 0, 1.429±0.025, 1.551±0.024, 1.930±0.042 and 1.398±0.014 after 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h of treatment, respectively. There was no expression of GFAP before or after induction and all the groups showed high expression of GAPDH at each time point. Protein expression was also observed on cells expressing neuronal markers as well as GAPDH at each time point. The protein expression of NSE was 0, 0.717±0.097, 0.919±0.056, 1.097±0.143 and 1.157±0.055 in proper order; the protein expression of NH-F was 0, 0.780±0.103, 0.973±0.150, 1.053±0.107 and 0.753±0.094 in proper order. There was no expression of GFAP before or after induction, and all the groups showed high expression of GAPDH at each tested time point. Our results demonstrated that TMP can induce hUMSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells effectively with the optimal concentration of 4.67 mg/ml. After induction, the NSE and NF-H of the neuron-like cells were positive, but the GFAP-2 was negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Shucheng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jixiang Liu
- The First Hospital of Handan City, Handan, Hebei 056000, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Mandriota SJ, Valentijn LJ, Lesne L, Betts DR, Marino D, Boudal-Khoshbeen M, London WB, Rougemont AL, Attiyeh EF, Maris JM, Hogarty MD, Koster J, Molenaar JJ, Versteeg R, Ansari M, Gumy-Pause F. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) silencing promotes neuroblastoma progression through a MYCN independent mechanism. Oncotarget 2015; 6:18558-76. [PMID: 26053094 PMCID: PMC4621910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer with highly heterogeneous biology and clinical behavior, is characterized by genomic aberrations including amplification of MYCN. Hemizygous deletion of chromosome 11q is a well-established, independent marker of poor prognosis. While 11q22-q23 is the most frequently deleted region, the neuroblastoma tumor suppressor in this region remains to be identified. Chromosome bands 11q22-q23 contain ATM, a cell cycle checkpoint kinase and tumor suppressor playing a pivotal role in the DNA damage response. Here, we report that haploinsufficiency of ATM in neuroblastoma correlates with lower ATM expression, event-free survival, and overall survival. ATM loss occurs in high stage neuroblastoma without MYCN amplification. In SK-N-SH, CLB-Ga and GI-ME-N human neuroblastoma cells, stable ATM silencing promotes neuroblastoma progression in soft agar assays, and in subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. This effect is dependent on the extent of ATM silencing and does not appear to involve MYCN. Our findings identify ATM as a potential haploinsufficient neuroblastoma tumor suppressor, whose inactivation mirrors the increased aggressiveness associated with 11q deletion in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano J. Mandriota
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Linda J. Valentijn
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Lesne
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David R. Betts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denis Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mary Boudal-Khoshbeen
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wendy B. London
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Edward F. Attiyeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M. Maris
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D. Hogarty
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Onco-hematology Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Onco-hematology Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wu AM, Ni WF, Huang ZY, Li QL, Wu JB, Xu HZ, Yin LH. Analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs in differentiation of bone marrow stem cells into neural cells. J Neurol Sci 2015; 351:160-167. [PMID: 25820029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported micro RNAs involved in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neural cells; however, the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the differentiation of BMSCs into neural cells remain poorly understood. We used microarray assays to compare the lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles in BMSCs and neural-induced BMSCs. We found a total of 24 lncRNAs and 738 mRNAs that were upregulated and 32 lncRNAs and 682 mRNAs that were downregulated in samples induced for 3h; 27 lncRNAs and 864 mRNAs that were upregulated and 37 lncRNAs and 968 mRNAs that were downregulated in 6h samples; and 23 lncRNAs and 1159 mRNAs that were upregulated or downregulated in both the 3h and 6h samples. For 23 differentially lncRNAs and 83 differentially mRNAs, 256 matched lncRNA-mRNA pairs were found. GO (Gene ontology) analysis showed that these lncRNAs were associated with biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Twenty-five pathways were identified by pathway analysis. Then, RT-qPCR validation of the differentially expressed H19, Esco2, Pcdhb18, and RGD1560277 genes confirmed the microarray data. Our study revealed the expression patterns of lncRNAs in the differentiation of BMSCs into neural cells, and many lncRNAs were differentially expressed in induced BMSCs, suggesting that they may play key roles in processes of differentiation. Our findings may promote the use of BMSCs to treat neurodegenerative diseases and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Min Wu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2# Fuxue Road, Wenzhou 325027, People's Republic of China; The Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spinal Research Center, 109# XueYuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fei Ni
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spinal Research Center, 109# XueYuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Yu Huang
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spinal Research Center, 109# XueYuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Long Li
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spinal Research Center, 109# XueYuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Wu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2# Fuxue Road, Wenzhou 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zi Xu
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Spinal Research Center, 109# XueYuan Western Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hui Yin
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 2# Fuxue Road, Wenzhou 325027, People's Republic of China.
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Marelli B, Ghezzi CE, James-Bhasin M, Nazhat SN. Fabrication of injectable, cellular, anisotropic collagen tissue equivalents with modular fibrillar densities. Biomaterials 2015; 37:183-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Chang CC, Chang KC, Tsai SJ, Chang HH, Lin CP. Neurogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells to neuron-like cells in dopaminergic and motor neuronal inductive media. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 113:956-65. [PMID: 25438878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been proposed as a promising source of stem cells in nerve regeneration due to their close embryonic origin and ease of harvest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dopaminergic and motor neuronal inductive media on transdifferentiation of human DPSCs (hDPSCs) into neuron-like cells. METHODS Isolation, cultivation, and identification of hDPSCs were performed with morphological analyses and flow cytometry. The proliferation potential of DPSCs was evaluated with an XTT [(2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)] assay. Media for the induction of dopaminergic and spinal motor neuronal differentiation were prepared. The efficacy of neural induction was evaluated by detecting the expression of neuron cell-specific cell markers in DPSCs by immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS In the XTT assay, there was a 2.6- or 2-fold decrease in DPSCs cultured in dopaminergic or motor neuronal inductive media, respectively. The proportions of βIII-tubulin (βIII-tub), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and oligodendrocyte (O1)-positive cells were significantly higher in DPSCs cultured in both neuronal inductive media compared with those cultured in control media. Furthermore, hDPSC-derived dopaminergic and spinal motor neuron cells after induction expressed a higher density of neuron cell markers than those before induction. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that in response to the neuronal inductive stimuli, a greater proportion of DPSCs stop proliferation and acquire a phenotype resembling mature neurons. Such neural crest-derived adult DPSCs may provide an alternative stem cell source for therapy-based treatments of neuronal disorders and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chieh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taitung Animal Propagation Station COA-LRI, Taitung, 954, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jye Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Yung Ho Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hueng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Nandy SB, Mohanty S, Singh M, Behari M, Airan B. Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 alone as an efficient inducer for differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:83. [PMID: 25248378 PMCID: PMC4190371 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The reported efficiency of differentiation of human bone marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBM MSC) into dopaminergic neurons with different inducers is found to vary. Thus, in the current study we have investigated the response of hBM MSC to some of the neuronal inducers and their combinations. Neuronal differentiation inducing agents Fibroblastic Growth Factor 2 (FGF2), Sonic Hedge Hog (Shh), Fibroblastic Growth Factor 8 (FGF8) & All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) were used either singly or in varied combinations. Results The differentiated and undifferentiated hBM MSC were characterized in terms of morphology, expression of cell markers at transcriptional and translational levels, amount of dopamine secreted by the cells in the media and changes in cell membrane potential by calcium ions imaging. Induced hBM MSC revealed neuron like morphology and expressed cellular markers suggesting neuronal differentiation with all the inducing agents. However, upon quantitative analysis through qPCR, cells induced with FGF2 were found to show maximum expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by 47.5 folds. Immunofluorescence analysis of differentiated and undifferentiated cells also revealed expression of nestin, neurofilament, microtubule associated protein- 2, beta tubulin III and TH in differentiated cells, at translational level. This data was supported by immunoblotting analysis. Further, ELISA study also supported the release of dopamine by cultures induced with FGF2. When the cells were depolarised with KCl solution, those induced with Shh & FGF8 showed maximum calcium ion trafficking, followed by the cells induced with FGF2 only. Conclusions We conclude that hBM MSC can be coaxed to differentiate efficiently into dopaminergic neurons in the presence of a very simple media cocktail containing only one main inducer like FGF2 and thus contribute towards cellular therapy in Parkinson's and other related disorders. These dopaminergic neurons are also functionally active, as shown by calcium ion trafficking. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0083-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Ben X. Neuronal-like cell differentiation of non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2078-85. [PMID: 25206516 PMCID: PMC4146062 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.22.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells from C57BL/6J mice were separated and cultured using the “pour-off” method. Non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells developed colony-forming unit-fibroblasts, and could be expanded by supplementation with epidermal growth factor. Immunocytochemistry showed that the non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exposed to basic fibroblast growth factor/epidermal growth factor/nerve growth factor expressed the neuron specific markers, neurofilament-200 and NeuN, in vitro. Non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells from β-galactosidase transgenic mice were also transplanted into focal ischemic brain (right corpus striatum) of C57BL/6J mice. At 8 weeks, cells positive for LacZ and β-galactosidase staining were observed in the ischemic tissues, and cells co-labeled with both β-galactosidase and NeuN were seen by double immunohistochemical staining. These findings suggest that the non-adherent bone marrow cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells could differentiate into neuronal-like cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinghan Zhang
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Nanjing Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Ben
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
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Thrivikraman G, Madras G, Basu B. Intermittent electrical stimuli for guidance of human mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment towards neural-like cells on electroconductive substrates. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6219-35. [PMID: 24816362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the role of multiple physical factors in dictating stem cell fate, the present paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the intermittently delivered external electric field stimulation towards switching the stem cell fate to specific lineage, when cultured in the absence of biochemical growth factors. In particular, our findings present the ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to respond to the electric stimuli by adopting extended neural-like morphology on conducting polymeric substrates. Polyaniline (PANI) is selected as the model system to demonstrate this effect, as the electrical conductivity of the polymeric substrates can be systematically tailored over a broad range (10(-9) to 10 S/cm) from highly insulating to conducting by doping with varying concentrations (10(-5) to 1 m) of HCl. On the basis of the culture protocol involving the systematic delivery of intermittent electric field (dc) stimulation, the parametric window of substrate conductivity and electric field strength was established to promote significant morphological extensions, with minimal cellular damage. A time dependent morphological change in hMSCs with significant filopodial elongation was observed after 7 days of electrically stimulated culture. Concomitant with morphological changes, a commensurate increase in the expression of neural lineage commitment markers such as nestin and βIII tubulin was recorded from hMSCs grown on highly conducting substrates, as revealed from the mRNA expression analysis using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as well as by immune-fluorescence imaging. Therefore, the present work establishes the key role of intermittent and systematic delivery of electric stimuli as guidance cues in promoting neural-like differentiation of hMSCs, when grown on electroconductive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Thrivikraman
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Electro-Acupuncture Promotes the Survival and Differentiation of Transplanted Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Pre-Induced with Neurotrophin-3 and Retinoic Acid in Gelatin Sponge Scaffold after Rat Spinal Cord Transection. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:612-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Calió ML, Marinho DS, Ko GM, Ribeiro RR, Carbonel AF, Oyama LM, Ormanji M, Guirao TP, Calió PL, Reis LA, Simões MDJ, Lisbôa-Nascimento T, Ferreira AT, Bertoncini CRA. Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decreases oxidative stress, apoptosis, and hippocampal damage in brain of a spontaneous stroke model. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:141-54. [PMID: 24525001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of motor disabilities and is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Adult stem cells have been shown to be effective against neuronal degeneration through mechanisms that include both the recovery of neurotransmitter activity and a decrease in apoptosis and oxidative stress. We chose the lineage stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) as a model for stem cell therapy. SHRSP rats can develop such severe hypertension that they generally suffer a stroke at approximately 1 year of age. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) decrease apoptotic death and oxidative stress in existing SHRSP brain tissue. The results of qRT-PCR assays showed higher levels of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene in the MSC-treated animals, compared with untreated. Our study also showed that superoxide, apoptotic cells, and by-products of lipid peroxidation decreased in MSC-treated SHRSP to levels similar those found in the animal controls, Wistar Kyoto rats. In addition, we saw a repair of morphological damage at the hippocampal region after MSC transplantation. These data suggest that MSCs have neuroprotective and antioxidant potential in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Longoni Calió
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Darci Sousa Marinho
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Modelos Experimentais para Medicina e Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Gui Mi Ko
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Modelos Experimentais para Medicina e Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Ferraz Carbonel
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Milene Ormanji
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Modelos Experimentais para Medicina e Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pinoti Guirao
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Modelos Experimentais para Medicina e Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Calió
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Santa Cecília, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Aparecida Reis
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Telma Lisbôa-Nascimento
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Alice Teixeira Ferreira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Clélia Rejane Antônio Bertoncini
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Modelos Experimentais para Medicina e Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
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Wang LQ, Lin ZZ, Zhang HX, Shao B, Xiao L, Jiang HG, Zhuge QC, Xie LK, Wang B, Su DM, Jin KL. Timing and dose regimens of marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation affect the outcomes and neuroinflammatory response after ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:317-26. [PMID: 24393245 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Intravenous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) had been documented to improve functional outcome after ischemic stroke. However, the timing and appropriate cell number of transplantation to achieve better outcome after an episode of stroke remain further to be optimized. METHODS To determine the optimal conditions, we transplanted different concentrations of BMSCs at different time points in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Infarction volume and neurological behavioral tests were performed after ischemia. RESULTS We found that transplantation of BMSCs at 3 and 24 h, but not 7 days after focal ischemia, significantly reduced the lesion volume and improved motor deficits. We also found that transplanted cells at 1 × 10(6) to 10(7) , but not at 1 × 10(4) to 10(5) , significantly improved functional outcome after stroke. In addition to inhibiting macrophages/microglia activation in the ischemic brain, BMSC transplantation profoundly reduced infiltration of gamma delta T (γδT) cells, which are detrimental to the ischemic brain, and significantly increased regulatory T cells (Tregs), along with altered Treg-associated cytokines in the ischemic brain. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that timing and cell dose of transplantation determine the therapeutic effects after focal ischemia by modulating poststroke neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Qing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Zhu H, Yang A, Du J, Li D, Liu M, Ding F, Gu X, Liu Y. Basic fibroblast growth factor is a key factor that induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards cells with Schwann cell phenotype. Neurosci Lett 2013; 559:82-7. [PMID: 24309293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiate towards a Schwann cells (SCs) lineage when exposed to pre-inducing reagents β-mercaptoethanol (BME) and retinoic acid (RA), followed by inducing factors: forskolin (FSK), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and heregulin (HRG). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the individual effects of these inducing factors on the differentiation of MSCs towards SC phenotype in rats. We show that the omission of either HRG or PDGF from the induction medium is not sufficient to change the SC-like phenotype or the expression level of the SC marker, S100β. However, the omission of bFGF from the induction medium effectively blocked neural induction of the MSCs. Moreover, only bFGF was found to inhibit MSC proliferation during differentiation. To clarify the mechanism responsible for the effect of bFGF, we also investigated the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in the induced cells. Our results suggest that morphological changes in MSCs induced by bFGF depend on the activation of ERK, and bFGF may be an indispensable factor that induces MSCs to differentiate into cells with SCs phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China; Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Aizhen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Donghui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China.
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Wang K, Long Q, Jia C, Liu Y, Yi X, Yang H, Fei Z, Liu W. Over-expression of Mash1 improves the GABAergic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Brain Res Bull 2013; 99:84-94. [PMID: 24144723 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to be a promising cell type for the study of neuronal differentiation; however, few attempts had been made to differentiate these cells into inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons. In this study, we over-expressed mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 (Mash1), a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, in Sprague-Dawley rat BMSCs via lentiviral vectors, and then induced neuronal differentiation of these cells using conditioned medium. Our Western blot results show that, under conditions of differentiation, Mash1-overexpressing BMSCs exhibit an increased expression of neuronal markers and a greater degree of neuronal morphology compared to control, non-Mash1-overexpressing cells. Using immunocytochemistry, we observed increased expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), as well as neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and β3-tubulin, in Mash1-overexpressing BMSCs compared to control cells. Moreover, we also found the differentiated cells showed representative traces of action potentials in electrophysiological characterization. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that over-expression of Mash1 can improve GABAergic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, No.17 Chang-le West Road, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao 401 Hospital of PLA, No. 22 Minjiang Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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Ghorbanian MT, Tiraihi T, Mesbah-Namin SA, Fathollahi Y. Selegiline is an efficient and potent inducer for bone marrow stromal cell differentiation into neuronal phenotype. Neurol Res 2013; 32:185-93. [PMID: 19422735 DOI: 10.1179/174313209x409016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Ghorbanian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat, Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammad-Gharibani P, Tiraihi T, Delshad A, Arabkheradmand J, Taheri T. Improvement of contusive spinal cord injury in rats by co-transplantation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:1073-85. [PMID: 23806239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cell therapy is considered a promising option for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this study is to use combined therapy of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and BMSC-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory neurotransmitter cells (BDGCs) for the contusion model of SCI in rats. METHODS BDGCs were prepared from BMSCs by pre-inducing them with β-mercaptoethanol followed by retinoic acid and then inducing them by creatine. They were immunostained with BMSC, proneuronal, neural and GABA markers. The BDGCs were intraspinally transplanted into the contused rats, whereas the BMSCs were delivered intravenously. The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. RESULTS The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan test showed improvement in the animals with the combined therapy compared with the untreated animals, the animals treated with GABAergic cells only and the animals that received BMSCs. The immunohistochemistry analysis of the tissue sections prepared from the animals receiving the combined therapy showed that the transplanted cells were engrafted and integrated into the injured spinal cord; in addition, a significant reduction was seen in the cavitation. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that the combination of GABAergic cells with BMSCs can improve SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mohammad-Gharibani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Balasubramanian S, Thej C, Venugopal P, Priya N, Zakaria Z, SundarRaj S, Majumdar AS. Higher propensity of Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stromal cells towards neuronal lineage in comparison to those derived from adipose and bone marrow. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:507-15. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Balasubramanian
- Stempeutics Research Pvt Ltd; Akshay Tech Park, #72 and 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066; India
| | - Charan Thej
- Stempeutics Research Pvt Ltd; Akshay Tech Park, #72 and 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066; India
| | - Parvathy Venugopal
- Stempeutics Research Pvt Ltd; Akshay Tech Park, #72 and 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066; India
| | - Nancy Priya
- Stempeutics Research Pvt Ltd; Akshay Tech Park, #72 and 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066; India
| | | | - Swathi SundarRaj
- Stempeutics Research Pvt Ltd; Akshay Tech Park, #72 and 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066; India
| | - Anish Sen Majumdar
- Stempeutics Research Pvt Ltd; Akshay Tech Park, #72 and 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066; India
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32
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Xie ST, Lu F, Zhang XJ, Shen Q, He Z, Gao WQ, Hu DH, Yang H. Retinoic acid and human olfactory ensheathing cells cooperate to promote neural induction from human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:252-64. [PMID: 23288654 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of induced neuronal cells from human bone marrow stromal stem cells (hBMSCs) provides new avenues for basic research and potential transplantation therapies for nerve injury and neurological disorders. However, clinical application must seriously consider the risk of tumor formation by hBMSCs, neural differentiation efficiency and biofunctions resembling neurons. Here, we co-cultured hBMSCs exposed to retinoic acid (RA) with human olfactory ensheathing cells (hOECs) to stimulate its differentiation into neural cells, and found that hBMSCs following 1 and 2 weeks of stimulation promptly lost their immunophenotypical profiles, and gradually acquired neural cell characteristics, as shown by a remarkable up-regulation of expression of neural-specific markers (Tuj-1, GFAP and Galc) and down-regulation of typical hBMSCs markers (CD44 and CD90), as well as a rapid morphological change. Concomitantly, in addition to a drastic decrease in the number of BrdU incorporated cells, there was a more elevated synapse formation (a hallmark for functional neurons) in the differentiated hBMSCs. Compared with OECs alone, this specific combination of RA and hOECs was significantly potentiated neuronal differentiation of hBMSCs. The results suggest that RA can enhance and orchestrate hOECs to neural differentiation of hBMSCs. Therefore, these findings may provide an alternative strategy for the repair of traumatic nerve injury and neurological diseases with application of the optimal combination of RA and OECs for neuronal differentiation of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Xie
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Cho H, Seo YK, Yoon HH, Kim SC, Kim SM, Song KY, Park JK. Neural stimulation on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1329-35. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ma K, Fox L, Shi G, Shen J, Liu Q, Pappas JD, Cheng J, Qu T. Generation of neural stem cell-like cells from bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Neurol Res 2012; 33:1083-93. [PMID: 22196762 DOI: 10.1179/1743132811y.0000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Under appropriate culture conditions, bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells are capable of differentiating into diverse cell types unrelated to their phenotypical embryonic origin, including neural cells. Here, we report the successful generation of neural stem cell (NSC)-like cells from BM-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Initially, hMSCs were cultivated in a conditioned medium of human neural stem cells. In this culture system, hMSCs were induced to become NSC-like cells, which proliferate in neurosphere-like structures and express early NSC markers. Like central nervous system-derived NSCs, these BM-derived NSC-like cells were able to differentiate into cells expressing neural markers for neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Whole-cell patch clamp recording revealed that neuron-like cells, differentiated from NSC-like cells, exhibited electrophysiological properties of neurons, including action potentials. Transplantation of NSC-like cells into mouse brain confirmed that these NSC-like cells retained their capability to differentiate into neuronal and glial cells in vivo. Our data show that multipotent NSC-like cells can be efficiently produced from BM-derived hMSCs in culture and that these cells may serve as a useful alternative to human neural stem cells for potential clinical applications such as autologous neuroreplacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ma
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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35
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Zhang HT, Liu ZL, Yao XQ, Yang ZJ, Xu RX. Neural differentiation ability of mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue: a comparative study. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:1203-14. [PMID: 22909277 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.711470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The characteristics, such as morphologic and phenotypic characteristics and neural transdifferentiation ability, of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from different origins have yet to be reported for cases isolated from the same individual. METHODS The proliferation capacity, secretion ability of neurotrophins (NT) and neural differentiation ability in rat MSC isolated from bone marrow (BMSC) and adipose tissue (ADSC) were compared from the same animal. RESULTS The ADSC had a significantly higher proliferation capacity than BMSC according to cell cycle and cumulative population doubling analyses. The proportion of cells expressing neural markers was greater in differentiated ADSC than in differentiated BMSC. Furthermore, the single neurosphere derived from ADSC showed stronger expansion and differentiation abilities than that derived from BMSC. The findings from Western blot lent further support to the immunocytochemical data. The mRNA and protein levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) expressed in ADSC were significantly higher than those in BMSC at different stages before and following induction. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the proliferation ability of ADSC is superior to that of BMSC. Furthermore, differentiated ADSC expressed higher percentages of neural markers. As one possible alternative source of BMSC, ADSC may have wide potential for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tian Zhang
- The Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China
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Quertainmont R, Cantinieaux D, Botman O, Sid S, Schoenen J, Franzen R. Mesenchymal stem cell graft improves recovery after spinal cord injury in adult rats through neurotrophic and pro-angiogenic actions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39500. [PMID: 22745769 PMCID: PMC3380009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous strategies have been managed to improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) but an optimal strategy doesn't exist yet. Actually, it is the complexity of the injured spinal cord pathophysiology that begets the multifactorial approaches assessed to favour tissue protection, axonal regrowth and functional recovery. In this context, it appears that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could take an interesting part. The aim of this study is to graft MSCs after a spinal cord compression injury in adult rat to assess their effect on functional recovery and to highlight their mechanisms of action. We found that in intravenously grafted animals, MSCs induce, as early as 1 week after the graft, an improvement of their open field and grid navigation scores compared to control animals. At the histological analysis of their dissected spinal cord, no MSCs were found within the host despite their BrdU labelling performed before the graft, whatever the delay observed: 7, 14 or 21 days. However, a cytokine array performed on spinal cord extracts 3 days after MSC graft reveals a significant increase of NGF expression in the injured tissue. Also, a significant tissue sparing effect of MSC graft was observed. Finally, we also show that MSCs promote vascularisation, as the density of blood vessels within the lesioned area was higher in grafted rats. In conclusion, we bring here some new evidences that MSCs most likely act throughout their secretions and not via their own integration/differentiation within the host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Quertainmont
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Dorothée Cantinieaux
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivier Botman
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Selim Sid
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean Schoenen
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Rachelle Franzen
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Chen X, Yang Y, Yao J, Lin W, Li Y, Chen Y, Gao Y, Yang Y, Gu X, Wang X. Bone marrow stromal cells-loaded chitosan conduits promote repair of complete transection injury in rat spinal cord. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2347-2356. [PMID: 21792742 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a chitosan conduit loaded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) was developed to bridge the gap in the transected spinal cord of adult rats, and the nerve repair outcomes were evaluated by functional and histological techniques at 12 weeks after implantation. As compared to chitosan conduits alone, incorporation of BMSCs within chitosan conduits yielded additional improving effects on nerve regeneration and function restoration. The measurements with the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale or of motor evoked potentials indicated that motor functional recovery was enhanced; retrograde tracing confirmed that the ascending tract was regenerated and the neural pathway was established; and histological analyses revealed that axon growth and remyelination in the regenerated nerve was promoted. The three-dimensional reconstruction showed that the chitosan conduit loaded with BMSCs significantly reduced the spinal cord cavity volume at the injured site. Taken together, the results collectively suggest that implantation with BMSCs-loaded chitosan conduits may become a promising approach to the repair of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Induction-dependent neural marker expression and electrophysiological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that naturally express high levels of nestin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cholinergic neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rhesus monkeys. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 53:573-80. [PMID: 20596940 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the best cholinergic neuronal differentiation method of rhesus monkey bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Four methods were used to induce differentiation, and the groups were assigned accordingly: basal inducing group (culture media, bFGF, and forskolin); SHH inducing group (SHH, inducing group); RA inducing group (RA, basal inducing group); and SHH+RA inducing group (SHH, RA, and basal inducing group). All groups displayed neuronal morphology and increased expression of nestin and neuron-specific enolase. The basal inducing group did not express synapsin, and cells from the SHH inducing group did not exhibit neuronal resting membrane potential. In contrast, results demonstrated that BMSCs from the RA and SHH+RA inducing groups exhibited neuronal resting membrane potential, and cells from the SHH+RA inducing group expressed higher levels of synapsin and acetylcholine. In conclusion, the induction of cholinergic differentiation through SHH+RA was determined to be superior to the other methods.
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Anisimov SV. Cell-based therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease: progress and perspectives. Rev Neurosci 2010; 20:347-81. [PMID: 20397620 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2009.20.5-6.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Motor dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease are believed to be primarily due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Because a single-type cell population is depleted, Parkinson's disease is considered a primary target for cell replacement-based therapeutic strategies. Extensive studies have confirmed transplantation of donor neurons could be beneficial, yet identifying an alternative cell source is clearly essential. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been proposed as a renewable source of dopaminergic neurons for transplantation in Parkinson's disease; other potential sources could include neural stem cells (hNSCs) and adult mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). However, numerous difficulties avert practical application of stem cell-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Among the latter, ethical, safety (including xeno- and tumor formation-associated risks) and technical issues stand out. This review aims to provide a balanced and updated outlook on various issues associated with stem cells in regard to their potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Essential features of the individual stem cell subtypes, principles of available differentiation protocols, transplantation, and safety issues are discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Anisimov
- Department of Intracellular Signalling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences and Research, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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Engrafted VHL peptide-delivered bone marrow stromal cells promote spinal cord repair in rats. Neuroreport 2010; 21:287-92. [PMID: 20125055 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e328336ee9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy using bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) has been expected to be a promising therapy for neuronal regeneration. To repair the injured spinal cord, neuronal differentiation of MSCs before transplantation has a more satisfactory effect. Recently, neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor/stem cells by an intracellular delivery of a pVHL-derived synthetic peptide (VHL peptide) has been shown. Here, we show that VHL peptide-delivered MSCs differentiated into neuron-like cells, and that engrafted VHL peptide-delivered MSCs more recovered the behaviors of the rats than that of nondelivered MSCs. Our result suggests that the use of VHL peptide-delivered MSCs would be a promising therapeutic strategy for repairing the injured spinal cord.
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Ni WF, Yin LH, Lu J, Xu HZ, Chi YL, Wu JB, Zhang N. In vitro neural differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells induced by cocultured olfactory ensheathing cells. Neurosci Lett 2010; 475:99-103. [PMID: 20347932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) could be induced to differentiate into neural cells under certain conditions, nevertheless, optimal protocols that could be reproducible and reliable in generating transplantable BMSCs in vitro are still not available. We studied for the first time the neural differentiation of BMSCs induced by coculturing with olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). BMSCs and OECs were isolated from bone marrow and nasal olfactory lamina propria of adult SD rats respectively, then brought to coculture with transwell culture dishes. At various time points (0h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 72h, 1 week and 2 weeks post-coculture), BMSCs were morphologically observed and processed for immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The number of cells assuming neural morphology dramatically increased at 1- and 2-week-post-coculture, so as the number of immunoreactive cells labeled by neural markers NSE, beta-III-tubulin, MAP2, GFAP and p75(NTR). Our findings demonstrate that BMSCs can efficiently differentiate into neural cells when coculturing with OECs, and the present protocol provides an alternative neurogenesis pathway for generating sufficient numbers of neural cells from BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fei Ni
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, China
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Defective DNA double-strand break repair underlies enhanced tumorigenesis and chromosomal instability in p27-deficient mice with growth factor-induced oligodendrogliomas. Oncogene 2010; 29:1720-31. [PMID: 20062078 PMCID: PMC2845739 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive activities of the Kip-family of cdk inhibitors often go beyond their role in regulating the cell cycle. Here, we demonstrate that p27 enhances Rad51 accumulation during repair of double-strand DNA breaks. Progression of PDGF-induced oligodendrogliomas was accelerated in mice lacking the cyclin-cdk binding activities of p27kip1. Cell lines were developed from RCAS-PDGF infection of nestin-tv-a brain progenitor cells in culture. p27 deficiency did not affect cell proliferation in early passage cell lines; however, the absence of p27 affected chromosomal stability. In p27 deficient cells, the activation of Atm and Chk2, and the accumulation of γH2AX was unaffected compared to wild type cells, and the number of phospho-histone H3 staining mitotic cells was decreased, consistent with a robust G2/M checkpoint activation. However, the percentage of Rad51 foci positive cells was decreased, and the kinase activity that targets the C-terminus of BRCA2, regulating BRCA2/Rad51 interactions, was increased in lysates derived from p27 deficient cells. Increased numbers of chromatid breaks in p27 deficient cells that adapted to the checkpoint were also observed. These findings suggest that Rad51-dependent repair of double stranded breaks was hindered in p27 deficient cells, leading to chromosomal instability, a hallmark of cancers with poor prognosis.
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Jiang J, Lv Z, Gu Y, Li J, Xu L, Xu W, Lu J, Xu J. Adult rat mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into neuronal-like phenotype and express a variety of neuro-regulatory molecules in vitro. Neurosci Res 2009; 66:46-52. [PMID: 19808065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal stem cells (MSCs), which normally differentiate into mesenchymal derivatives, have recently reported to trans-differentiate into neurons. However, the findings from different groups and interpretations have been challenged. The purpose of this paper is to re-evaluate the phenomenon of neuronal trans-differentiation of MSCs and compare the expression levels of neurotrophins in rMSCs and neuronal-like phenotypes derived from rMSCs. We put rMSCs in 2-mercaptoethanol and 2% dimethylsulfoxide for 5h. Then, the cells were transferred to neuronal induction media composed of DMEM+10%FBS, 10ug/L basic fibroblast growth factor, 10ug/L human epidermal growth factor, 1mmol dibutyryl cyclicn AMP and 0.5mmol isobutylmethylxanthine for 7 days and 14 days. The study demonstrated that the level of BDNF, NGF, NT3, CNTF and GDNF of rMSCs is remarkably higher in rMSCs than the neuronal-like phenotypes, especially CNTF. The expression level of these neurotrophins did not change significantly after enduring induction. We believed that rMSCs can trans-differentiate into neuronal-like phenotype under certain conditions. The non-induced rMSCs has a dynamic expression profile of neurotrophins and may serves as a better tool than the trans-differentiated rMSCs for transplant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai 200040, China
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Zhang YQ, Zeng X, He LM, Ding Y, Li Y, Zeng YS. NT-3 gene modified Schwann cells promote TrkC gene modified mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro. Anat Sci Int 2009; 85:61-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-009-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Chiba Y, Kuroda S, Maruichi K, Osanai T, Hokari M, Yano S, Shichinohe H, Hida K, Iwasaki Y. TRANSPLANTED BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS PROMOTE AXONAL REGENERATION AND IMPROVE MOTOR FUNCTION IN A RAT SPINAL CORD INJURY MODEL. Neurosurgery 2009; 64:991-9; discussion 999-1000. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000341905.57162.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Chiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Maruichi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Osanai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hokari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideo Shichinohe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Hida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Iwasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Barnabé GF, Schwindt TT, Calcagnotto ME, Motta FL, Martinez G, de Oliveira AC, Keim LMN, D'Almeida V, Mendez-Otero R, Mello LE. Chemically-induced RAT mesenchymal stem cells adopt molecular properties of neuronal-like cells but do not have basic neuronal functional properties. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5222. [PMID: 19370156 PMCID: PMC2667250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of adult rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by means of chemical compounds (beta-mercaptoethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and butylated hydroxyanizole) has been proposed to lead to neuronal transdifferentiation, and this protocol has been broadly used by several laboratories worldwide. Only a few hours of MSC chemical induction using this protocol is sufficient for the acquisition of neuronal-like morphology and neuronal protein expression. However, given that cell death is abundant, we hypothesize that, rather than true neuronal differentiation, this particular protocol leads to cellular toxic effects. We confirm that the induced cells with neuronal-like morphology positively stained for NF-200, S100, beta-tubulin III, NSE and MAP-2 proteins. However, the morphological and molecular changes after chemical induction are also associated with an increase in the apoptosis of over 50% of the plated cells after 24 h. Moreover, increased intracellular cysteine after treatment indicates an impairment of redox circuitry during chemical induction, and in vitro electrophysiological recordings (patch-clamp) of the chemically induced MSC did not indicate neuronal properties as these cells do not exhibit Na(+) or K(+) currents and do not fire action potentials. Our findings suggest that a disruption of redox circuitry plays an important role in this specific chemical induction protocol, which might result in cytoskeletal alterations and loss of functional ion-gated channels followed by cell death. Despite the neuronal-like morphology and neural protein expression, induced rat bone marrow MSC do not have basic functional neuronal properties, although it is still plausible that other methods of induction and/or sources of MSC can achieve a successful neuronal differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F. Barnabé
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telma T. Schwindt
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria E. Calcagnotto
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana L. Motta
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Martinez
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan C. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leda M. N. Keim
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosália Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz E. Mello
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Montzka K, Lassonczyk N, Tschöke B, Neuss S, Führmann T, Franzen R, Smeets R, Brook GA, Wöltje M. Neural differentiation potential of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: misleading marker gene expression. BMC Neurosci 2009; 10:16. [PMID: 19257891 PMCID: PMC2655300 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to pluripotent embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells have been considered to be multipotent, being somewhat more restricted in their differentiation capacity and only giving rise to cell types related to their tissue of origin. Several studies, however, have reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are capable of transdifferentiating to neural cell types, effectively crossing normal lineage restriction boundaries. Such reports have been based on the detection of neural-related proteins by the differentiated MSCs. In order to assess the potential of human adult MSCs to undergo true differentiation to a neural lineage and to determine the degree of homogeneity between donor samples, we have used RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry to investigate the basal expression of a range of neural related mRNAs and proteins in populations of non-differentiated MSCs obtained from 4 donors. RESULTS The expression analysis revealed that several of the commonly used marker genes from other studies like nestin, Enolase2 and microtubule associated protein 1b (MAP1b) are already expressed by undifferentiated human MSCs. Furthermore, mRNA for some of the neural-related transcription factors, e.g. Engrailed-1 and Nurr1 were also strongly expressed. However, several other neural-related mRNAs (e.g. DRD2, enolase2, NFL and MBP) could be identified, but not in all donor samples. Similarly, synaptic vesicle-related mRNA, STX1A could only be detected in 2 of the 4 undifferentiated donor hMSC samples. More significantly, each donor sample revealed a unique expression pattern, demonstrating a significant variation of marker expression. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the existence of an inter-donor variability of expression of neural-related markers in human MSC samples that has not previously been described. This donor-related heterogeneity might influence the reproducibility of transdifferentiation protocols as well as contributing to the ongoing controversy about differentiation capacities of MSCs. Therefore, further studies need to consider the differences between donor samples prior to any treatment as well as the possibility of harvesting donor cells that may be inappropriate for transplantation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Montzka
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Buttarelli FR, Capriotti G, Pellicano C, Prosperi D, Circella A, Festa A, Giovannelli M, Tofani A, Pontieri FE, Scopinaro F. Central and peripheral dopamine transporter reduction in Parkinson's disease. Neurol Res 2008; 31:687-91. [PMID: 19061540 DOI: 10.1179/174313209x383259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous reports showed the reduction of dopamine transporter immunoreactivity in peripheral blood lymphocytes in Parkinson's disease. In this work, we sought to investigate the possible correlation between central and peripheral dopamine transporter immunoreactivity values in a group of 11 drug-naive patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Densitometric measurements of dopamine transporter immunoreactivity in peripheral blood lymphocytes was accomplished as described recently, using a monoclonal antidopamine transporter antibody. Dopamine transporter binding in the caudate and putamen nuclei was measured by means of (123)I-fluopane single-photon emission computed tomography in the same patients. RESULTS The results failed to show any significant correlation between dopamine transporter immunoreactivity in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the caudate or putamen dopamine transporter binding. Moreover, dopamine transporter immunoreactivity in peripheral blood lymphocytes was reduced also in the single patient with normal striatal dopamine transporter binding. DISCUSSION These results indicate the lack of correlation between central and peripheral dopamine transporter reduction in Parkinson's disease, using the methodologies applied herein. They therefore suggest that the two phenomena are unlikely to share a common pathogenetic mechanism.
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Lai B, Mao XO, Greenberg DA, Jin K. Endothelium-induced proliferation and electrophysiological differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neuronal precursors. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 17:565-72. [PMID: 18576913 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs in a stem cell niche in which vascular elements, including endothelial cells (ECs), are thought to play an important role. Using co-culture experiments, we investigated the effect of ECs on proliferation and functional neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem (ES) cellderived neuronal precursor cells (NPCs). NPCs were cultured for 5 days in medium containing fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), with or without ECs. FGF-2 and ECs were then removed, and NPCs were maintained in culture for additional periods. Compared to control NPC cultures, EC-treated NPC cultures showed increased cell proliferation at short intervals (5 days) after withdrawal of FGF-2 and larger tetrodotoxin-sensitive inward membrane currents at longer intervals (10-14 days), but a similar pattern of development of neuronal differentiation markers. The effects of ECs appeared to result from the release of soluble factors rather than from cell contact, because they were observed despite the physical separation of NPCs from ECs by a cell-impermeable membrane. These findings indicate that ECs can regulate the proliferation and electrophysiological neuronal differentiation of human NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lai
- Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, CA 94945-0638, USA
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