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McDonald B, Schmidt MHH. Structure, function, and recombinant production of EGFL7. Biol Chem 2024; 0:hsz-2023-0358. [PMID: 38805373 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The secreted factor Epidermal growth factor-like protein 7 (EGFL7) is involved in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, as well as neurogenesis. Importantly, EGFL7 is also implicated in various pathological conditions, including tumor angiogenesis in human cancers. Thus, understanding the mechanisms through which EGFL7 regulates and promotes blood vessel formation is of clear practical importance. One principle means by which EGFL7's function is investigated is via the expression and purification of the recombinant protein. This mini-review describes three methods used to produce recombinant EGFL7 protein. First, a brief overview of EGFL7's genetics, structure, and function is provided. This is followed by an examination of the advantages and disadvantages of three common expression systems used in the production of recombinant EGFL7; (i) Escherichia coli (E. coli), (ii) human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells or other mammalian cells, and (iii) a baculovirus-based Sf9 insect cell expression system. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the baculovirus-based Sf9 insect cell expression currently has the advantages of producing active recombinant EGFL7 in the native conformation with the presence of acceptable posttranslational modifications, while providing sufficient yield and stability for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- 9169 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- 9169 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Houlahan CB, Kong Y, Johnston B, Cielesh M, Chau TH, Fenwick J, Coleman PR, Hao H, Haltiwanger RS, Thaysen-Andersen M, Passam FH, Larance M. Analysis of the Healthy Platelet Proteome Identifies a New Form of Domain-Specific O-Fucosylation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100717. [PMID: 38237698 PMCID: PMC10879016 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation induces the secretion of proteins that promote platelet aggregation and inflammation. However, detailed analysis of the released platelet proteome is hampered by platelets' tendency to preactivate during their isolation and a lack of sensitive protocols for low abundance releasate analysis. Here, we detail the most sensitive analysis to date of the platelet releasate proteome with the detection of >1300 proteins. Unbiased scanning for posttranslational modifications within releasate proteins highlighted O-glycosylation as being a major component. For the first time, we detected O-fucosylation on previously uncharacterized sites including multimerin-1 (MMRN1), a major alpha granule protein that supports platelet adhesion to collagen and is a carrier for platelet factor V. The N-terminal elastin microfibril interface (EMI) domain of MMRN1, a key site for protein-protein interaction, was O-fucosylated at a conserved threonine within a new domain context. Our data suggest that either protein O-fucosyltransferase 1, or a novel protein O-fucosyltransferase, may be responsible for this modification. Mutating this O-fucose site on the EMI domain led to a >50% reduction of MMRN1 secretion, supporting a key role of EMI O-fucosylation in MMRN1 secretion. By comparing releasates from resting and thrombin-treated platelets, 202 proteins were found to be significantly released after high-dose thrombin stimulation. Complementary quantification of the platelet lysates identified >3800 proteins, which confirmed the platelet origin of releasate proteins by anticorrelation analysis. Low-dose thrombin treatment yielded a smaller subset of significantly regulated proteins with fewer secretory pathway enzymes. The extensive platelet proteome resource provided here (larancelab.com/platelet-proteome) allows identification of novel regulatory mechanisms for drug targeting to address platelet dysfunction and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum B Houlahan
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yvonne Kong
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bede Johnston
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Cielesh
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - The Huong Chau
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jemma Fenwick
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul R Coleman
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huilin Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Freda H Passam
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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3
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Qiao B, Liu X, Wang B, Wei S. The role of periostin in cardiac fibrosis. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:191-206. [PMID: 37870704 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, which is the buildup of proteins in the connective tissues of the heart, can lead to end-stage extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and ultimately heart failure. Cardiac remodeling involves changes in gene expression in cardiac cells and ECM, which significantly leads to the morbidity and mortality in heart failure. However, despite extensive research, the elusive intricacies underlying cardiac fibrosis remain unidentified. Periostin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein of the fasciclin superfamily, acts as a scaffold for building complex architectures in the ECM, which improves intermolecular interactions and augments the mechanical properties of connective tissues. Recent research has shown that periostin not only contributes to normal ECM homeostasis in a healthy heart but also serves as a potent inducible regulator of cellular reorganization in cardiac fibrosis. Here, we reviewed the constitutive domain of periostin and its interaction with other ECM proteins. We have also discussed the critical pathophysiological functions of periostin in cardiac remodeling mechanisms, including two distinct yet potentially intertwined mechanisms. Furthermore, we will focus on the intrinsic complexities within periostin research, particularly surrounding the contentious issues observed in experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Qiao
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xuehao Liu
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Bailu Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shujian Wei
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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4
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Xu H, Dugué GP, Cantaut-Belarif Y, Lejeune FX, Gupta S, Wyart C, Lehtinen MK. SCO-spondin knockout mice exhibit small brain ventricles and mild spine deformation. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:89. [PMID: 38049798 PMCID: PMC10696872 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reissner's fiber (RF) is an extracellular polymer comprising the large monomeric protein SCO-spondin (SSPO) secreted by the subcommissural organ (SCO) that extends through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled ventricles into the central canal of the spinal cord. In zebrafish, RF and CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) form an axial sensory system that detects spinal curvature, instructs morphogenesis of the body axis, and enables proper alignment of the spine. In mammalian models, RF has been implicated in CSF circulation. However, challenges in manipulating Sspo, an exceptionally large gene of 15,719 nucleotides, with traditional approaches has limited progress. Here, we generated a Sspo knockout mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-editing. Sspo knockout mice lacked RF-positive material in the SCO and fibrillar condensates in the brain ventricles. Remarkably, Sspo knockout brain ventricle sizes were reduced compared to littermate controls. Minor defects in thoracic spine curvature were detected in Sspo knockouts, which did not alter basic motor behaviors tested. Altogether, our work in mouse demonstrates that SSPO and RF regulate ventricle size during development but only moderately impact spine geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guillaume P Dugué
- Neurophysiology of Brain Circuits, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Cantaut-Belarif
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Campus Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, bld Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Campus Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, bld Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Suhasini Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Claire Wyart
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Campus Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, bld Hospital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Dolmatov IY, Nizhnichenko VA. Extracellular Matrix of Echinoderms. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:417. [PMID: 37504948 PMCID: PMC10381214 DOI: 10.3390/md21070417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review considers available data on the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in echinoderms. The connective tissue in these animals has a rather complex organization. It includes a wide range of structural ECM proteins, as well as various proteases and their inhibitors. Members of almost all major groups of collagens, various glycoproteins, and proteoglycans have been found in echinoderms. There are enzymes for the synthesis of structural proteins and their modification by polysaccharides. However, the ECM of echinoderms substantially differs from that of vertebrates by the lack of elastin, fibronectins, tenascins, and some other glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Echinoderms have a wide variety of proteinases, with serine, cysteine, aspartic, and metal peptidases identified among them. Their active centers have a typical structure and can break down various ECM molecules. Echinoderms are also distinguished by a wide range of proteinase inhibitors. The complex ECM structure and the variety of intermolecular interactions evidently explain the complexity of the mechanisms responsible for variations in the mechanical properties of connective tissue in echinoderms. These mechanisms probably depend not only on the number of cross-links between the molecules, but also on the composition of ECM and the properties of its proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Yu Dolmatov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Nizhnichenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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6
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The Multiple Roles of Periostin in Non-Neoplastic Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010050. [PMID: 36611844 PMCID: PMC9818388 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin, identified as a matricellular protein and an ECM protein, plays a central role in non-neoplastic diseases. Periostin and its variants have been considered to be normally involved in the progression of most non-neoplastic diseases, including brain injury, ocular diseases, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, dental diseases, atopic dermatitis, scleroderma, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteoarthrosis. Periostin interacts with protein receptors and transduces signals primarily through the PI3K/Akt and FAK two channels as well as other pathways to elicit tissue remodeling, fibrosis, inflammation, wound healing, repair, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, bone formation, barrier, and vascular calcification. This review comprehensively integrates the multiple roles of periostin and its variants in non-neoplastic diseases, proposes the utility of periostin as a biological biomarker, and provides potential drug-developing strategies for targeting periostin.
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7
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Wang Z, An J, Zhu D, Chen H, Lin A, Kang J, Liu W, Kang X. Periostin: an emerging activator of multiple signaling pathways. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:515-530. [PMID: 35412260 PMCID: PMC9733775 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are responsible for regulating the microenvironment, the behaviors of surrounding cells, and the homeostasis of tissues. Periostin (POSTN), a non-structural matricellular protein, can bind to many extracellular matrix proteins through its different domains. POSTN usually presents at low levels in most adult tissues but is highly expressed in pathological sites such as in tumors and inflamed organs. POSTN can bind to diverse integrins to interact with multiple signaling pathways within cells, which is one of its core biological functions. Increasing evidence shows that POSTN can activate the TGF-β, the PI3K/Akt, the Wnt, the RhoA/ROCK, the NF-κB, the MAPK and the JAK pathways to promote the occurrence and development of many diseases, especially cancer and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, POSTN can interact with some pathways in an upstream and downstream relationship, forming complicated crosstalk. This article focuses on the interactions between POSTN and different signaling pathways in diverse diseases, attempting to explain the mechanisms of interaction and provide novel guidelines for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoheng Wang
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangdong An
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Chen
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aixin Lin
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihe Kang
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Liu
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 82, Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China ,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030 People’s Republic of China
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8
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Dorafshan S, Razmi M, Safaei S, Gentilin E, Madjd Z, Ghods R. Periostin: biology and function in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:315. [PMID: 36224629 PMCID: PMC9555118 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN), a member of the matricellular protein family, is a secreted adhesion-related protein produced in the periosteum and periodontal ligaments. Matricellular proteins are a nonstructural family of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that regulate a wide range of biological processes in both normal and pathological conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated the key roles of these ECM proteins in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, periostin is an essential regulator of bone and tooth formation and maintenance, as well as cardiac development. Also, periostin interacts with multiple cell-surface receptors, especially integrins, and triggers signals that promote tumor growth. According to recent studies, these signals are implicated in cancer cell survival, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. In this review, we will summarize the most current data regarding periostin, its structure and isoforms, expressions, functions, and regulation in normal and cancerous tissues. Emphasis is placed on its association with cancer progression, and also future potential for periostin-targeted therapeutic approaches will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Dorafshan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Safaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Erica Gentilin
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, via G. Orus, 2b, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Ghods
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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EMILIN-1 deficiency promotes chronic inflammatory disease through TGFβ signaling alteration and impairment of the gC1q/α4β1 integrin interaction. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:133-152. [PMID: 35764213 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) components that modulate inflammatory cell behavior have been shown to serve as early starters for multifactorial diseases such as fibrosis and cancer. Here, we demonstrated that loss of the ECM glycoprotein EMILIN-1 alters the inflammatory context in skin during IMQ-induced psoriasis, a disease characterized by a prominent inflammatory infiltrate and alteration of vessels that appear dilated and tortuous. Abrogation of EMILIN-1 expression or expression of the EMILIN-1 mutant E933A impairs macrophage polarization and leads to imbalanced tissue homeostasis. We found that EMILIN-1 deficiency is associated with dilated lymphatic vessels, increased macrophage recruitment and psoriasis severity. Importantly, the null or mutant EMILIN-1 background was characterized by the induction of a myofibroblast phenotype, which in turn drove macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. By using the transgenic mouse model carrying the E933A mutation in the gC1q domain of EMILIN-1, which abolishes the interaction with α4- and α9-integrins, we demonstrated that the observed changes in TGFβ signaling were due to both the EMI and gC1q domains of EMILIN-1. gC1q may exert multiple functions in psoriasis, in the context of a final, more consistent inflammatory condition by controlling skin homeostasis via interaction with both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, influencing non-canonical TGFβ signaling, and likely acting on lymphatic vessel structure and function. The analyses of human psoriatic lesions, in which lower levels of EMILIN-1 were present with a very rare association with lymphatic vessels, support the multifaceted role of this ECM component in the skin inflammatory scenario.
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De Martino M, Esposito F, Capone M, Pallante P, Fusco A. Noncoding RNAs in Thyroid-Follicular-Cell-Derived Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133079. [PMID: 35804851 PMCID: PMC9264824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid tumors represent the most common neoplastic pathology of the endocrine system. Mutations occurring in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are responsible for thyroid carcinogenesis; however, the complete mutational landscape characterizing these neoplasias has not been completely unveiled. It has been established that only the 2% of the human genome codes for proteins, suggesting that the vast majority of the genome has regulatory capabilities, which, if altered, could account for the onset of cancer. Hence, many scientific efforts are currently focused on the characterization of the heterogeneous class of noncoding RNAs, which represent an abundant part of the transcribed noncoding genome. In this review, we mainly focus on the involvement of microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and pseudogenes in thyroid cancer. The determination of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of thyroid cancers based on the evaluation of the noncoding RNA network could allow the implementation of a more personalized approach to fighting these pathologies. Abstract Among the thyroid neoplasias originating from follicular cells, we can include well-differentiated carcinomas, papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) thyroid carcinomas, and the undifferentiated anaplastic (ATC) carcinomas. Several mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have already been observed in these malignancies; however, we are still far from the comprehension of their full regulation-altered landscape. Even if only 2% of the human genome has the ability to code for proteins, most of the noncoding genome is transcribed, constituting the heterogeneous class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), whose alterations are associated with the development of several human diseases, including cancer. Hence, many scientific efforts are currently focused on the elucidation of their biological role. In this review, we analyze the scientific literature regarding the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and pseudogenes in FTC, PTC, and ATC. Recent findings emphasized the role of lncRNAs in all steps of cancer progression. In particular, lncRNAs may control progression steps by regulating the expression of genes and miRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and metastatization. In conclusion, the determination of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer based on the evaluation of the ncRNA network could allow the implementation of a more personalized approach to fighting thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Martino
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Capone
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.E.); (M.C.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.F.)
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Kim D, Chong SH, Shin S, Ham S. Mutation effects on FAS1 domain 4 based on structure and solubility. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140746. [PMID: 34942360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the fasciclin 1 domain 4 (FAS1-4) of transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) are associated with insoluble extracellular deposits and corneal dystrophies (CDs). The decrease in solubility upon mutation has been implicated in CD; however, the exact molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations followed by solvation thermodynamic analyses of the FAS1-4 domain and its three mutants-R555W, R555Q, and A546T-linked to granular corneal dystrophy type 1, Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy and lattice corneal dystrophy, respectively. We found that both R555W and R555Q mutants have less affinity toward solvent water relative to the wild-type protein. In the R555W mutant, a remarkable increase in solvation free energy was observed because of the structural changes near the mutation site. The mutation site W555 is buried in other hydrophobic residues, and R557 simultaneously forms salt bridges with E554 and D561. In the R555Q mutant, the increase in solvation free energy is caused by structural rearrangements far from the mutation site. R558 separately forms salt bridges with D575, E576, and E598. Thus, we thus identified the relationship between the decrease in solubility and conformational changes caused by mutations, which may be useful in designing potential therapeutics and in blocking FAS1 aggregation related to CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongGun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Ho Chong
- Department of Chemistry, The Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sihyun Ham
- Department of Chemistry, The Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Multimerin-1 and cancer: a review. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230760. [PMID: 35132992 PMCID: PMC8881648 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimerin-1 (MMRN1) is a platelet protein with a role in haemostasis and coagulation. It is also present in endothelial cells (ECs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM), where it may be involved in cell adhesion, but its molecular functions and protein–protein interactions in these cellular locations have not been studied in detail yet. In recent years, MMRN1 has been identified as a differentially expressed gene (DEG) in various cancers and it has been proposed as a possible cancer biomarker. Some evidence suggest that MMRN1 expression is regulated by methylation, protein interactions, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in different cancers. This raises the questions if a functional role of MMRN1 is being targeted during cancer development, and if MMRN1’s differential expression pattern correlates with cancer progression. As a result, it is timely to review the current state of what is known about MMRN1 to help inform future research into MMRN1’s molecular mechanisms in cancer.
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13
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Pinte S, Delfortrie S, Havet C, Villain G, Mattot V, Soncin F. EGF repeats of epidermal growth factor‑like domain 7 promote endothelial cell activation and tumor escape from the immune system. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:8. [PMID: 34738625 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor blood vessel endothelium forms a barrier that must be crossed by circulating immune cells in order for them to reach and kill cancer cells. Epidermal growth factor‑like domain 7 (Egfl7) represses this immune infiltration by lowering the expression levels of leukocyte adhesion receptors on the surface of endothelial cells. However, the protein domains involved in these properties are not completely understood. Egfl7 is structurally composed of the predicted EMI‑, EGF‑ and C‑terminal domains. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of these different domains in tumor development by designing retroviruses coding for deletion mutants and then infecting 4T1 breast cancer cell populations, which consequently overexpressed the variants. By performing in vitro soft‑agar assays, it was found that Egfl7 and its deletion variants did not affect cell proliferation or anchorage‑independent growth. When 4T1 cells expressing either the wild‑type Egfl7 protein or Egfl7 domain variants were implanted in mice, Egfl7 expression markedly promoted tumor development and deletion of the EGF repeats decreased the tumor growth rate. By contrast, deleting any other domain displayed no significant effect on tumor development. The overexpression of Egfl7 also decreased T cell and natural killer cell infiltration in tumors, as determined by immunofluorescence staining of tumor sections, whereas deletion of the EGF repeats inhibited this effect. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR analysis of the mechanisms involved revealed that deleting the EGF repeats partially restored the expression levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and E‑selectin, which were suppressed by overexpression of Egfl7 in endothelial cells in vitro. This resulted in a higher number of lymphocytes bound to HUVEC expressing Egfl7‑ΔEGF compared with HUVEC expressing wild‑type Egfl7, as assessed by fluorescent‑THP‑1 adhesion assays onto endothelial cells. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the EGF repeats may participate in the protumoral and anti‑inflammatory effects of Egfl7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Pinte
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161‑M3T‑Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Suzanne Delfortrie
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161‑M3T‑Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Chantal Havet
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161‑M3T‑Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gaëlle Villain
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161‑M3T‑Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Virginie Mattot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161‑M3T‑Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Soncin
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161‑M3T‑Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
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14
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Sepúlveda V, Maurelia F, González M, Aguayo J, Caprile T. SCO-spondin, a giant matricellular protein that regulates cerebrospinal fluid activity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 34600566 PMCID: PMC8487547 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that occupies the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces within and around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is a dynamic signaling milieu that transports nutrients, waste materials and neuroactive substances that are crucial for the development, homeostasis and functionality of the central nervous system. The mechanisms that enable cerebrospinal fluid to simultaneously exert these homeostatic/dynamic functions are not fully understood. SCO-spondin is a large glycoprotein secreted since the early stages of development into the cerebrospinal fluid. Its domain architecture resembles a combination of a matricellular protein and the ligand-binding region of LDL receptor family. The matricellular proteins are a group of extracellular proteins with the capacity to interact with different molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines and cellular receptors; enabling the integration of information to modulate various physiological and pathological processes. In the same way, the LDL receptor family interacts with many ligands, including β-amyloid peptide and different growth factors. The domains similarity suggests that SCO-spondin is a matricellular protein enabled to bind, modulate, and transport different cerebrospinal fluid molecules. SCO-spondin can be found soluble or polymerized into a dynamic threadlike structure called the Reissner fiber, which extends from the diencephalon to the caudal tip of the spinal cord. Reissner fiber continuously moves caudally as new SCO-spondin molecules are added at the cephalic end and are disaggregated at the caudal end. This movement, like a conveyor belt, allows the transport of the bound molecules, thereby increasing their lifespan and action radius. The binding of SCO-spondin to some relevant molecules has already been reported; however, in this review we suggest more than 30 possible binding partners, including peptide β-amyloid and several growth factors. This new perspective characterizes SCO-spondin as a regulator of cerebrospinal fluid activity, explaining its high evolutionary conservation, its apparent multifunctionality, and the lethality or severe malformations, such as hydrocephalus and curved body axis, of knockout embryos. Understanding the regulation and identifying binding partners of SCO-spondin are crucial for better comprehension of cerebrospinal fluid physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Maurelia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maryori González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Aguayo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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15
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Zhu D, Zhou W, Wang Z, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang G, Guo X, Kang X. Periostin: An Emerging Molecule With a Potential Role in Spinal Degenerative Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:694800. [PMID: 34513869 PMCID: PMC8430223 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.694800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and cells. It has many biological functions and is related to many diseases: for example, it promotes cell proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts, which are closely related to osteoporosis, and mediates cell senescence and apoptosis in chondrocytes, which are involved in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, it also plays an important role in mediating inflammation and reconstruction during bronchial asthma, as well as in promoting bone development, reconstruction, repair, and strength. Therefore, periostin has been explored as a potential biomarker for various diseases. Recently, periostin has also been found to be expressed in intervertebral disc cells as a component of the intervertebral extracellular matrix, and to play a crucial role in the maintenance and degeneration of intervertebral discs. This article reviews the biological role of periostin in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells, which are closely related to spinal degenerative diseases. The study of its pathophysiological effects is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal degeneration, although additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxue Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wupin Zhou
- The 947th Army Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Kashgar, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yidian Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Khurshid Z, Mali M, Adanir N, Zafar MS, Khan RS, Latif M. Periostin: Immunomodulatory Effects on Oral Diseases. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:462-466. [PMID: 32688410 PMCID: PMC7440953 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a microcellular adapter protein. It plays a wide range of essential roles during the development and in immunomodulation. Periostin is a prominent contributor during the process of angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and cardiac repair. It is expressed in periodontal ligaments, tendons, skin, adipose tissues, muscle, and bone. This is a protein-based biomolecule that has the diagnostic and monitoring capability and can potentially be used as a biomarker to detect physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of the present review was to explore the periostin morphology and associated structural features. Additionally, periostin’s immunomodulatory effects and associated biomarkers in context of oral diseases have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Mali
- Department of Orthodontics, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Necdet Adanir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Sannam Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Nielsen NS, Poulsen ET, Lukassen MV, Chao Shern C, Mogensen EH, Weberskov CE, DeDionisio L, Schauser L, Moore TC, Otzen DE, Hjortdal J, Enghild JJ. Biochemical mechanisms of aggregation in TGFBI-linked corneal dystrophies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 77:100843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Nikoloudaki G, Creber K, Hamilton DW. Wound healing and fibrosis: a contrasting role for periostin in skin and the oral mucosa. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1065-C1077. [PMID: 32267719 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00035.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Both skin and oral mucosa are characterized by the presence of keratinized epithelium in direct apposition to an underlying collagen-dense connective tissue. Despite significant overlap in structure and physiological function, skin and the oral mucosa exhibit significantly different healing profiles in response to injury. The oral mucosa has a propensity for rapid restoration of barrier function with minimal underlying fibrosis, but in contrast, skin is associated with slower healing and scar formation. Modulators of cell function, matricellular proteins have been shown to play significant roles in cutaneous healing, but their role in restoration of the oral mucosa is poorly defined. As will be discussed in this review, over the last 12 years our research group has been actively investigating the role of the profibrotic matricellular protein periostin in tissue homeostasis and fibrosis, as well as healing, in both skin and gingiva. In the skin, periostin is highly expressed in fibrotic scars and is upregulated during cutaneous wound repair, where it facilitates myofibroblast differentiation. In contrast, in gingival healing, periostin regulates extracellular matrix synthesis but does not appear to be associated with the transition of mesenchymal cells to a contractile phenotype. The significance of these findings will be discussed, with a focus on periostin as a potential therapeutic to augment healing of soft tissues or suppress fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikoloudaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kendal Creber
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas W Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Oral Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Fitoussi R, Beauchef G, Guéré C, André N, Vié K. Localization, fate and interactions of Emilin-1 in human skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:183-193. [PMID: 30843221 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emilin-1 is a versatile protein abundant in tissues where resilience and elastic recoil are prominent and interacting with components of the extracellular matrix. Still, little is known about Emilin-1 in the skin. Therefore, we investigated Emilin-1 in the skin, its localization, its fate upon ageing, its interactions with other proteins and the effect of its knockdown. METHODS Skin explants from young or old Caucasian women, immunofluorescently labelled by anti-Emilin-1, anti-Fibrillin-1 and anti-Elastin antibodies, were analysed using confocal microscopy. Skin explants subjected to UV-induced skin ageing were also analysed. Colocalization of Emilin-1 with Collagen IV, Fibrillin-1 and Elastin was studied by multiphoton microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, the effect of Emilin-1 extinction was studied by producing small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown fibroblasts and by analysing the outcome on selected genes. RESULTS In skin sections from young donors, Emilin-1 localizes similarly to Elastin and Fibrillin-1. In the papillary dermis, it shows clear and ramified structures, perpendicular to the dermo-epidermal junction that are reminiscent of the oxytalan fibres. In the reticular dermis, Emilin-1 signal appears identical to that of the elastic fibres network. Upon intrinsic or UV-induced ageing, the signal associated with Emilin-1 is drastically reduced and disorganized. Multiphoton microscopy study shows that, as expected, Emilin-1 colocalizes with Elastin. It also colocalizes with Collagen IV in the basement membrane and within dermal fibroblasts. Interaction of Emilin-1 with Elastin and Collagen IV was also found by co-immunoprecipitation. It also reveals interaction with Laminin-5. Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of EMILIN-1 show little effect on the expression level of the 61 genes we studied. The most striking change is a downregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 that show a decrease similar to that of EMILIN-1 itself and after 8 days a downregulation of COL6A1. CONCLUSION In skin, Emilin-1 locates in the dermis, up to the basement membrane, interacting with components of the extracellular matrix but also with the anchoring complex. These interactions are important for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and would suggest that Emilin-1 might be important for maintaining the 3D structure of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fitoussi
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - G Beauchef
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - C Guéré
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - N André
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - K Vié
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
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20
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Novel markers of graft outcome in a cohort of kidney transplanted patients: a cohort observational study. J Nephrol 2019; 32:139-150. [PMID: 30628019 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-018-00580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal biopsy (RBx) informs about kidney transplantation (KTx) prognosis. In our observational study the prevalence of histological anomalies and the prognostic role of CD45, vimentin (VIM) and periostin (POSTN) in KTx-RBx have been evaluated. One hundred forty-six KTx-RBx (2009-2012) were analysed for general histology and in immunohistochemistry for CD45, VIM and POSTN. Clinical data of the 146-KTx patients were collected at the RBx time (T0), 6 and 12 months before and after RBx. Follow-up time was 21 ± 14 months. Glomerulosclerosis was 20% glomeruli/biopsy. Tubular atrophy (TA), Interstitial infiltrate (I-Inf) and interstitial fibrosis (IF) were slight in 21-18% and 25%, moderate in 22-30% and 26% and severe in 30-18% and 28% of patients. Fifty-eight percent of patients had lesions compatible with IF-TA. CD45, VIM and POSTN correlated to each-other and to TA, I-Inf and IF. VIM and POSTN correlated to GS. CD45 and VIM correlated directly to renal function (RF) and 25(OH)VitD, while POSTN inversely to 25(OH)VitD. Thirty patients restarted dialysis (HD+). HD+ had lower T0-eGFR, and higher CD45, VIM and POSTN than HD-. POSTN resulted the strongest in discriminate for HD+ . CD45, VIM and POSTN correlate to each-other and predict graft outcome. POSTN was the strongest in discriminate for HD+. 25(OH)VitD might influence inflammation and fibrosis in KTx.
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The Structure of the Periostin Gene, Its Transcriptional Control and Alternative Splicing, and Protein Expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:7-20. [PMID: 31037620 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have described the role of periostin in various diseases, the functions of periostin derived from alternative splicing and proteinase cleavage at its C-terminus remain unknown. Further experiments investigating the periostin structures that are relevant to diseases are essential for an in-depth understanding of their functions, which would accelerate their clinical applications by establishing new approaches for curing intractable diseases. Furthermore, this understanding would enhance our knowledge of novel functions of periostin related to stemness and response to mechanical stress .
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22
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that periostin is frequently upregulated in tissue injury, inflammation, fibrosis and tumor progression. Periostin expression in cancer cells can promote metastatic potential of colorectal cancer (CRC) via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, periostin is observed mainly in tumor stroma and cytoplasm of cancer cells, which may facilitate aggressiveness of CRC. In this review, we summarize information regarding periostin to emphasize its role as a prognostic marker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Sheng Ao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jianing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zhuofei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yunpeng Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Guoqing Lyu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
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23
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Kii I. Periostin Functions as a Scaffold for Assembly of Extracellular Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:23-32. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Capuano A, Pivetta E, Baldissera F, Bosisio G, Wassermann B, Bucciotti F, Colombatti A, Sabatelli P, Doliana R, Spessotto P. Integrin binding site within the gC1q domain orchestrates EMILIN-1-induced lymphangiogenesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 81:34-49. [PMID: 30408617 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels (LVs) play a pivotal role in the control of tissue homeostasis and also have emerged as important regulators of immunity, inflammation and tumor metastasis. EMILIN-1 is the first ECM protein identified as a structural modulator of the growth and maintenance of LV; accordingly, Emilin1-/- mice display lymphatic morphological alterations leading to functional defects as mild lymphedema, leakage and compromised lymph drainage. Many EMILIN-1 functions are exerted by the binding of its gC1q domain with the E933 residue of α4 and α9β1 integrins. To investigate the specific regulatory role of this domain on lymphangiogenesis, we generated a transgenic mouse model expressing an E933A-mutated EMILIN-1 (E1-E933A), unable to interact with α4 or α9 integrin. The mutant resulted in abnormal LV architecture with dense, tortuous and irregular networks; moreover, the number of anchoring filaments was reduced and collector valves had aberrant narrowed structures. E933A mutation also affected lymphatic function in lymphangiography assays and made the transgenic mice more prone to lymph node metastases. The finding that the gC1q/integrin interaction is crucial for a correct lymphangiogenesis response was confirmed and reinforced by functional in vitro tubulogenesis assays. In addition, ex vivo thoracic-duct ring assays revealed that E1-E933A-derived lymphatic endothelial cells had a severe reduction in sprouting capacity and were unable to organize into capillary-like structures. All these data provide evidence that the novel "regulatory structural" role of EMILIN-1 in the lymphangiogenic process is played by the integrin binding site within its gC1q domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Capuano
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Eliana Pivetta
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldissera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giulia Bosisio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Bruna Wassermann
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bucciotti
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
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25
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Cantaut-Belarif Y, Sternberg JR, Thouvenin O, Wyart C, Bardet PL. The Reissner Fiber in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Controls Morphogenesis of the Body Axis. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2479-2486.e4. [PMID: 30057305 PMCID: PMC6089837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organ development depends on the integration of coordinated long-range communication between cells. The cerebrospinal fluid composition and flow properties regulate several aspects of central nervous system development, including progenitor proliferation, neurogenesis, and migration [1-3]. One understudied component of the cerebrospinal fluid, described over a century ago in vertebrates, is the Reissner fiber. This extracellular thread forming early in development results from the assembly of the SCO-spondin protein in the third and fourth brain ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord [4]. Up to now, the function of the Reissner fiber has remained elusive, partly due to the lack of genetic invalidation models [4]. Here, by mutating the scospondin gene, we demonstrate that the Reissner fiber is critical for the morphogenesis of a straight posterior body axis. In zebrafish mutants where the Reissner fiber is lost, ciliogenesis and cerebrospinal fluid flow are intact but body axis morphogenesis is impaired. Our results also explain the frequently observed phenotype that mutant embryos with defective cilia exhibit defects in body axis curvature. Here, we reveal that these mutants systematically fail to assemble the Reissner fiber. We show that cilia promote the formation of the Reissner fiber and that the fiber is necessary for proper body axis morphogenesis. Our study sets the stage for future investigations of the mechanisms linking the Reissner fiber to the control of body axis curvature during vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Cantaut-Belarif
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jenna R Sternberg
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Thouvenin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; Institut Langevin ESPCI, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7587, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Luc Bardet
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France.
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26
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Periostin contributes to the maturation and shape retention of tissue-engineered cartilage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11210. [PMID: 30046126 PMCID: PMC6060118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional tissue-engineered cartilage applied in clinical practice consists of cell suspensions or gel-form materials for which it is difficult to maintain their shapes. Although biodegradable polymer scaffolds are used for shape retention, deformation after transplantation can occur. Here, we showed that periostin (PN), which is abundantly expressed in fibrous tissues, contributes to the maturation and shape retention of tissue-engineered cartilage through conformational changes in collagen molecules. The tissue-engineered cartilage transplanted in an environment lacking PN exhibited irregular shapes, while transplants originating from chondrocytes lacking PN showed limited regeneration. In the in vitro assay, PN added to the culture medium of chondrocytes failed to show any effects, while the 3D culture embedded within the collagen gel premixed with PN (10 μg/mL) enhanced chondrogenesis. The PN-mediated collagen structure enhanced the mechanical strength of the surrounding fibrous tissues and activated chondrocyte extracellular signaling by interstitial fibrous tissues.
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27
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Hong G, Kuek V, Shi J, Zhou L, Han X, He W, Tickner J, Qiu H, Wei Q, Xu J. EGFL7: Master regulator of cancer pathogenesis, angiogenesis and an emerging mediator of bone homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8526-8537. [PMID: 29923200 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Hong
- National Key Discipline and Orthopedic Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Vincent Kuek
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Jiaxi Shi
- First Clinical College Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Radiography Guangzhou First People's Hospital The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wei He
- National Key Discipline and Orthopedic Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Orthopedic Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Heng Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Qiushi Wei
- National Key Discipline and Orthopedic Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Orthopedic Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jiake Xu
- National Key Discipline and Orthopedic Laboratory Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
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28
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Liu J, Zhang J, Xu F, Lin Z, Li Z, Liu H. Structural characterizations of human periostin dimerization and cysteinylation. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1789-1803. [PMID: 29754429 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human periostin plays a multifaceted role in remodeling the extracellular matrix milieu by interacting with other proteins and itself in both a heterophilic and homophilic manner. However, the structural mechanism for its extensive interactions has remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structures of human periostin (EMI-Fas1I-IV ) and its Cys60Ala mutant. In combination with multi-angle light-scattering analysis and biochemical assays, the crystal structures reveal that periostin mainly exists as a dimer in solution and its homophilic interaction is mainly mediated by the EMI domain. Furthermore, Cys60 undergoes cysteinylation as confirmed by mass spectroscopy, and this site hardly affects the homophilic interaction. Also, the structures yield insights into how periostin forms heterophilic interactions with other proteins under physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Heli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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29
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Yun H, Kim EH, Lee CW. 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments of FAS1-IV domain of human periostin, a component of extracellular matrix proteins. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2018; 12:95-98. [PMID: 29086898 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-017-9786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, is secreted by fibroblasts and is overexpressed in various types of cancers. The four internal repeat fasciclin 1 (FAS1) domains of human periostin play crucial roles in promoting tumor metastasis and progression via interaction with cell surface integrins. Among four FAS1 domains of human periostin, the fourth FAS1 domain (FAS1-IV) was prepared for NMR study, since only FAS1-IV was highly soluble, and showed a well-dispersed 2D 1H-15N HSQC spectrum. Here, we report nearly complete backbone and side chain resonance assignments and a secondary structural analysis of the FAS1-IV domain as first steps toward the structure determination of FAS1-IV of human periostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Kudo A. Introductory review: periostin-gene and protein structure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4259-4268. [PMID: 28884327 PMCID: PMC11107487 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have described the role of periostin in various diseases, the function of the periostin protein structures derived from alternative splicing and proteinase cleavage at the C-terminal remain unknown. Further experiments revealing the protein structures that are highly related to diseases are essential to understand the function of periostin in depth, which would accelerate its clinical application by establishing new approaches for curing intractable diseases. Furthermore, this understanding would enhance our knowledge of novel functions of periostin related to stemness and response to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kudo
- International Frontier, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S3-8, 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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31
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Kii I, Ito H. Periostin and its interacting proteins in the construction of extracellular architectures. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4269-4277. [PMID: 28887577 PMCID: PMC11107766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular protein that is composed of a multi-domain structure with an amino-terminal EMI domain, a tandem repeat of four FAS 1 domains, and a carboxyl-terminal domain. These distinct domains have been demonstrated to bind to many proteins including extracellular matrix proteins (Collagen type I and V, fibronectin, tenascin, and laminin), matricellular proteins (CCN3 and βig-h3), and enzymes that catalyze covalent crosslinking between extracellular matrix proteins (lysyl oxidase and BMP-1). Adjacent binding sites on periostin have been suggested to put the interacting proteins in close proximity, promoting intermolecular interactions between each protein, and leading to their assembly into extracellular architectures. These extracellular architectures determine the mechanochemical properties of connective tissues, in which periostin plays an important role in physiological homeostasis and disease progression. In this review, we introduce the proteins that interact with periostin, and discuss how the multi-domain structure of periostin functions as a scaffold for the assembly of interacting proteins, and how it underlies construction of highly sophisticated extracellular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kii
- Common Facilities Unit, Integrated Research Group, Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science and Technology Hub, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Harumi Ito
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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32
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Landry NM, Cohen S, Dixon IMC. Periostin in cardiovascular disease and development: a tale of two distinct roles. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 113:1. [PMID: 29101484 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue development and homeostasis are dependent upon the concerted synthesis, maintenance, and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Cardiac fibrosis is now recognized as a primary contributor to incidence of heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, wherein cardiac filling in diastole is compromised. Periostin is a cell-associated protein involved in cell fate determination, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and inflammatory responses. As a non-structural component of the ECM, secreted 90 kDa periostin is emerging as an important matricellular factor in cardiac mesenchymal tissue development. In addition, periostin's role as a mediator in cell-matrix crosstalk has also garnered attention for its association with fibroproliferative diseases in the myocardium, and for its association with TGF-β/BMP signaling. This review summarizes the phylogenetic history of periostin, its role in cardiac development, and the major signaling pathways influencing its expression in cardiovascular pathology. Further, we provide a synthesis of the current literature to distinguish the multiple roles of periostin in cardiac health, development and disease. As periostin may be targeted for therapeutic treatment of cardiac fibrosis, these insights may shed light on the putative timing for application of periostin-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Landry
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Smadar Cohen
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Beersheba, Israel.,Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. .,Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, R3010-351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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33
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Capuano A, Fogolari F, Bucciotti F, Spessotto P, Nicolosi PA, Mucignat MT, Cervi M, Esposito G, Colombatti A, Doliana R. The α4β1/EMILIN1 interaction discloses a novel and unique integrin-ligand type of engagement. Matrix Biol 2017; 66:50-66. [PMID: 29037761 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
EMILIN1, a homo-trimeric adhesive ECM glycoprotein, interacts with the α4β1 integrin through its gC1q domain. Uniquely among the C1q family members, the EMILIN1 gC1q presents only nine-stranded β-sandwich fold and the missing strand is substituted by a disordered 19-residue long segment spanning from Y927 to G945 at the apex of the gC1q domain. This unstructured loop exposes to the solvent the acidic residue E933, which plays a key role in the α4β1 integrin mediated interaction. Here, we experimentally determined that the three E933 residues (one from each monomer) are all required for ligand binding. By docking the NMR structure of the gC1q to a virtual α4β1 crystal structure based on the known structures of α4β7 and α5β1 integrins we built a model of α4β1-gC1q complex where three E933 residues are smoothly forced to coordinate the Mg2+ ion at the βI MIDAS site of the integrin. By bringing the three E933 close in space, the trimeric supramolecular organization of gC1q allows the formation of a proper 3D geometry and suggests a quaternary-structure-dependent mode of interaction. Furthermore, we experimentally identified R904 as a synergistic residue for cell adhesion. Accordingly, the model showed that this residue is able to form potential stabilizing intra-chain salt bridges with residues E928 and E930. This mode of interaction likely accounts for a more stable and durable α4β1-gC1q interaction in comparison with the prototypic CS1 ligand. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the simultaneous involvement of all the three acidic residues of a trimeric ligand in the formation of a dimeric complex with the integrin βI domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Capuano
- Department of Translational Research, Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Federico Fogolari
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Bucciotti
- Department of Translational Research, Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Department of Translational Research, Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Nicolosi
- Department of Translational Research, Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Mucignat
- Department of Translational Research, Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Marta Cervi
- Department of Translational Research, Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Gennaro Esposito
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; Math&Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Department of Translational Research, Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - Roberto Doliana
- Department of Translational Research, Molecular Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy.
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34
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Takayama I, Tanabe H, Nishiyama T, Ito H, Amizuka N, Li M, Katsube KI, Kii I, Kudo A. Periostin is required for matricellular localization of CCN3 in periodontal ligament of mice. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 11:5-13. [PMID: 28013443 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN3 is a matricellular protein that belongs to the CCN family. CCN3 consists of 4 domains: insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-like domain (IGFBP), von Willebrand type C-like domain (VWC), thrombospondin type 1-like domain (TSP1), and the C-terminal domain (CT) having a cysteine knot motif. Periostin is a secretory protein that binds to extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and collagen. In this study, we found that CCN3 interacted with periostin. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the TSP1-CT interacted with the 4 repeats of the Fas 1 domain of periostin. Immunofluorescence analysis showed co-localization of CCN3 and periostin in the periodontal ligament of mice. In addition, targeted disruption of the periostin gene in mice decreased the matricellular localization of CCN3 in the periodontal ligament. Thus, these results indicate that periostin was required for the matricellular localization of CCN3 in the periodontal ligament, suggesting that periostin mediated an interaction between CCN3 and the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Takayama
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-33, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tanabe
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-33, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishiyama
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-33, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.,Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Harumi Ito
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Division of Oral Health Science, Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Division of Oral Health Science, Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ken-Ichi Katsube
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Human Care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Isao Kii
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-33, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan. .,Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Akira Kudo
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-33, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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35
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Lukassen MV, Scavenius C, Thøgersen IB, Enghild JJ. Disulfide Bond Pattern of Transforming Growth Factor β-Induced Protein. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5610-5621. [PMID: 27609313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) is an extracellular matrix protein composed of an NH2-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD) annotated as an emilin (EMI) domain and four fasciclin-1 (FAS1-1-FAS1-4) domains. Mutations in the gene cause corneal dystrophies, a group of debilitating protein misfolding diseases that lead to severe visual impairment. Previous studies have shown that TGFBIp in the cornea is cross-linked to type XII collagen through a reducible bond. TGFBIp contains 11 cysteine residues and is thus able to form five intramolecule disulfide bonds, leaving a single cysteine residue available for the collagen cross-link. The structures of TGFBIp and its homologues are unknown. We here present the disulfide bridge pattern of TGFBIp, which was determined by generating specific peptides. These were separated by ion exchange followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by mass spectrometry and Edman degradation. The NH2-terminal CRD contains six cysteine residues, and one of these (Cys65) was identified as the candidate for the reducible cross-link between TGFBIp and type XII collagen. In addition, the CRD contained two intradomain disulfide bridges (Cys49-Cys85 and Cys84-Cys97) and one interdomain disulfide bridge to FAS1-2 (Cys74-Cys339). Significantly, this arrangement violates the predicted disulfide bridge pattern of an EMI domain. The cysteine residues in FAS1-3 (Cys473 and Cys478) were shown to form an intradomain disulfide bridge. Finally, an interdomain disulfide bridge between FAS1-1 and FAS1-2 (Cys214-Cys317) was identified. The interdomain disulfide bonds indicate that the NH2 terminus of TGFBIp (CRD, FAS1-1, and FAS1-2) adopts a compact globular fold, leaving FAS1-3 and FAS1-4 exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie V Lukassen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida B Thøgersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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36
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Yun H, Kim JI, Lee CW. Expression and Preparation of Periostin FAS1 Domains for NMR Structure Determination. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MAGNETIC RESONANCE SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.6564/jkmrs.2016.20.1.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Annis DS, Ma H, Balas DM, Kumfer KT, Sandbo N, Potts GK, Coon JJ, Mosher DF. Absence of Vitamin K-Dependent γ-Carboxylation in Human Periostin Extracted from Fibrotic Lung or Secreted from a Cell Line Engineered to Optimize γ-Carboxylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135374. [PMID: 26273833 PMCID: PMC4537219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin (PN, gene name POSTN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is up-regulated in bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts by TH-2 cytokines. Its paralog, TGF-β-induced protein (βig-h3, gene name TGFBI), is also expressed in the lung and up-regulated in bronchial myofibroblasts by TGF-β. PN and βig-h3 contain fasciclin 1 modules that harbor putative recognition sequences for γ-glutamyl carboxylase and are annotated in UniProt as undergoing vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation of multiple glutamic acid residues. γ-carboxylation profoundly alters activities of other proteins subject to the modification, e.g., blood coagulation factors, and would be expected to alter the structure and function of PN and βig-h3. To analyze for the presence of γ-carboxylation, proteins extracted from fibrotic lung were reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific for PN, βig-h3, or modification with γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla). In Western blots of 1-dimensional gels, bands stained with anti-PN or -βig-h3 did not match those stained with anti-Gla. In 2-dimensional gels, anti-PN-positive spots had pIs of 7.0 to >8, as expected for the unmodified protein, and there was no overlap between anti-PN-positive and anti-Gla-positive spots. Recombinant PN and blood coagulation factor VII were produced in HEK293 cells that had been transfected with vitamin K 2, 3-epoxide reductase C1 to optimize γ-carboxylation. Recombinant PN secreted from these cells did not react with anti-Gla antibody and had pIs similar to that found in extracts of fibrotic lung whereas secreted factor VII reacted strongly with anti-Gla antibody. Over 67% coverage of recombinant PN was achieved by mass spectrometry, including peptides with 19 of the 24 glutamates considered targets of γ-carboxylation, but analysis revealed no modification. Over 86% sequence coverage and three modified glutamic acid residues were identified in recombinant fVII. These data indicate that PN and βig-h3 are not subject to vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Annis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hanqing Ma
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Danika M. Balas
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kraig T. Kumfer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gregory K. Potts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Deane F. Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Alfieri C, Kavvadas P, Simonini P, Ikehata M, Dussaule JC, Chadjichristos CE, Rastaldi MP, Messa P, Chatziantoniou C. Discoidin domain receptor-1 and periostin: new players in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:1965-71. [PMID: 25829327 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease represents an important problem for public health. In renal diseases, the main histologic alterations derive from the development of renal fibrosis which results from the loss of the balance between pro- and anti-fibrotic factors. Tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) and matricellular proteins (MPs) are nowadays studied as potential modulators of renal injury. RTKs regulate cell cycle, migration, metabolism and cellular differentiation. Discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR-1) is an RTK that has been extensively studied in cancer, and lung and renal diseases. It modulates inflammatory recruitment, extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis; in renal diseases, it appears to act independently of the underlying disease. MPs regulate cell-matrix interactions and matrix accumulation, cellular adhesion and migration, and expression of inflammatory cells. Periostin is an MP, mainly studied in bone, heart, lung and cancer. Several studies demonstrated that it mediates cell-matrix interactions, migration of inflammatory cells and development of fibrosis. Recently, it has been reported in several nephropathies. In this review, we discuss the potential pathological roles of DDR-1 and periostin focussing on the kidney in both experimental models and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alfieri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Kavvadas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Paola Simonini
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Research Laboratory of Nephrology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean Claude Dussaule
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christos E Chadjichristos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Maria Pia Rastaldi
- Research Laboratory of Nephrology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Christos Chatziantoniou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Research Unit S_1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
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EMILIN2 regulates platelet activation, thrombus formation, and clot retraction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115284. [PMID: 25658937 PMCID: PMC4319747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis, like other cardiovascular diseases, has a strong genetic component, with largely unknown determinants. EMILIN2, Elastin Microfibril Interface Located Protein2, was identified as a candidate gene for thrombosis in mouse and human quantitative trait loci studies. EMILIN2 is expressed during cardiovascular development, on cardiac stem cells, and in heart tissue in animal models of heart disease. In humans, the EMILIN2 gene is located on the short arm of Chromosome 18, and patients with partial and complete deletion of this chromosome region have cardiac malformations. To understand the basis for the thrombotic risk associated with EMILIN2, EMILIN2 deficient mice were generated. The findings of this study indicate that EMILIN2 influences platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and thrombin with both EMILIN2-deficient platelets and EMILIN2-deficient plasma contributing to the impaired aggregation response. Purified EMILIN2 added to platelets accelerated platelet aggregation and reduced clotting time when added to EMILIN2-deficient mouse and human plasma. Carotid occlusion time was 2-fold longer in mice with platelet-specific EMILIN2 deficiency, but stability of the clot was reduced in mice with both global EMILIN2 deficiency and with platelet-specific EMILIN2 deficiency. In vitro clot retraction was markedly decreased in EMILIN2 deficient mice, indicating that platelet outside-in signaling was dependent on EMILIN2. EMILIN1 deficient mice and EMILIN2:EMILIN1 double deficient mice had suppressed platelet aggregation and delayed clot retraction similar to EMILIN2 mice, but EMILIN2 and EMILIN1 had opposing affects on clot retraction, suggesting that EMILIN1 may attenuate the effects of EMILIN2 on platelet aggregation and thrombosis. In conclusion, these studies identify multiple influences of EMILIN2 in pathophysiology and suggest that its role as a prothrombotic risk factor may arise from its effects on platelet aggregation and platelet mediated clot retraction.
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Bot S, Andreuzzi E, Capuano A, Schiavinato A, Colombatti A, Doliana R. Multiple-interactions among EMILIN1 and EMILIN2 N- and C-terminal domains. Matrix Biol 2015; 41:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Biochemical properties and aggregation propensity of transforming growth factor-induced protein (TGFBIp) and the amyloid forming mutants. Ocul Surf 2014; 13:9-25. [PMID: 25557343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TGFBI-associated corneal dystrophies are characterized by accumulation of insoluble deposits of the mutant protein transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) in the cornea. Depending on the nature of mutation, the lesions appear as granular (non-amyloid) or lattice lines (amyloid) in the Bowman's layer or in the stroma. This review article emphasizes the structural biology aspects of TGFBIp. We discuss the tinctorial properties and ultrastructure of deposits observed in granular and lattice corneal dystrophic mutants with amyloid and non-amyloid forms of other human protein deposition diseases and review the biochemical and putative functional role of the protein. Using bioinformatics tools, we identify intrinsic aggregation propensity and discuss the possible protective role of gatekeepers close to the "aggregation-prone" regions of native TGFBIp. We describe the relative aggregation rates of lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) and granular corneal dystrophy (GCD2) mutants using the three-parameter model, which is based on intrinsic properties of polypeptide chains. The predictive power of this model is compared with two other algorithms. We conclude that the model is able to predict the aggregation rate of mutants which do not alter overall net charge of the protein. The need to understand the mechanism of corneal dystrophies from the structural biology viewpoint is emphasized.
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Marastoni S, Andreuzzi E, Paulitti A, Colladel R, Pellicani R, Todaro F, Schiavinato A, Bonaldo P, Colombatti A, Mongiat M. EMILIN2 down-modulates the Wnt signalling pathway and suppresses breast cancer cell growth and migration. J Pathol 2014; 232:391-404. [PMID: 24374807 DOI: 10.1002/path.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
EMILIN2 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that exerts contradictory effects within the tumour microenvironment: it induces apoptosis in a number of tumour cells, but it also enhances tumour neo-angiogenesis. In this study, we describe a new mechanism by which EMILIN2 attenuates tumour cell viability. Based on sequence homology with the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of the Frizzled receptors, we hypothesized that EMILIN2 could affect Wnt signalling activation and demonstrate direct interaction with the Wnt1 ligand. This physical binding leads to decreased LRP6 phosphorylation and to the down-modulation of β-catenin, TAZ and their target genes. As a consequence, EMILIN2 negatively affects the viability, migration and tumourigenic potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a number of two- and three-dimensional in vitro assays. EMILIN2 does not modulate Wnt signalling downstream of the Wnt-Frizzled interaction, since it does not affect the activation of the pathway following treatment with the GSK3 inhibitors LiCl and CHIR99021. The interaction with Wnt1 and the subsequent biological effects require the presence of the EMI domain, as there is no effect with a deletion mutant lacking this domain. Moreover, in vivo experiments show that the ectopic expression of EMILIN2, as well as treatment with the recombinant protein, significantly reduce tumour growth and dissemination of cancer cells in nude mice. Accordingly, the tumour samples are characterized by a significant down-regulation of the Wnt signalling pathway. Altogether, these findings provide further evidence of the complex regulations governed by EMILIN2 in the tumour microenvironment, and they identify a key extracellular regulator of the Wnt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marastoni
- Department of Translational Research, Experimental Oncology Division 2, CRO, Aviano, Italy
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Conway SJ, Izuhara K, Kudo Y, Litvin J, Markwald R, Ouyang G, Arron JR, Holweg CTJ, Kudo A. The role of periostin in tissue remodeling across health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1279-88. [PMID: 24146092 PMCID: PMC3949008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Periostin, also termed osteoblast-specific factor 2, is a matricellular protein with known functions in osteology, tissue repair, oncology, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and in various inflammatory settings. However, most of the research to date has been conducted in divergent and circumscribed areas meaning that the overall understanding of this intriguing molecule remains fragmented. Here, we integrate the available evidence on periostin expression, its normal role in development, and whether it plays a similar function during pathologic repair, regeneration, and disease in order to bring together the different research fields in which periostin investigations are ongoing. In spite of the seemingly disparate roles of periostin in health and disease, tissue remodeling as a response to insult/injury is emerging as a common functional denominator of this matricellular molecule. Periostin is transiently upregulated during cell fate changes, either physiologic or pathologic. Combining observations from various conditions, a common pattern of events can be suggested, including periostin localization during development, insult and injury, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix restructuring, and remodeling. We propose mesenchymal remodeling as an overarching role for the matricellular protein periostin, across physiology and disease. Periostin may be seen as an important structural mediator, balancing appropriate versus inappropriate tissue adaption in response to insult/injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Conway
- Program in Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Judith Litvin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Roger Markwald
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | | | - Akira Kudo
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B-33, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 Japan
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Nuzzo PV, Buzzatti G, Ricci F, Rubagotti A, Argellati F, Zinoli L, Boccardo F. Periostin: a novel prognostic and therapeutic target for genitourinary cancer? Clin Genitourin Cancer 2014; 12:301-11. [PMID: 24656869 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many of the cellular abnormalities present in solid tumors are structural in nature and involve the proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Periostin is a protein produced and secreted by the fibroblasts as a component of the ECM where it is involved in regulating intercellular adhesion. The expression of periostin has an important physiological role during embryogenesis and growth, namely at the level of bone, dental, and cardiac tissues. Many studies indicate that periostin plays an important role for tumor progression in various types of cancer, such as colon, lung, head and neck, breast, ovarian, and prostate. To the best of our knowledge, a limited number of studies have investigated periostin expression in urogenital cancer, such as prostate, bladder, penile, and renal cancer, and no studies were performed in testis cancer. In this review article, we summarize the most recent knowledge of periostin, its genetic and protein structure, and the role of the different isoforms identified and sequenced so far. In particular, we focus our attention on the role of this protein in genitourinary tumors, trying to emphasize the role not only as a possible prognostic marker, but also as a possible target for the development of future anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Vitale Nuzzo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Buzzatti
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rubagotti
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Argellati
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Linda Zinoli
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Boccardo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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Corallo D, Schiavinato A, Trapani V, Moro E, Argenton F, Bonaldo P. Emilin3 is required for notochord sheath integrity and interacts with Scube2 to regulate notochord-derived Hedgehog signals. Development 2013; 140:4594-601. [PMID: 24131633 DOI: 10.1242/dev.094078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The notochord is a transient and essential structure that provides both mechanical and signaling cues to the developing vertebrate embryo. In teleosts, the notochord is composed of a core of large vacuolated cells and an outer layer of cells that secrete the notochord sheath. In this work, we have identified the extracellular matrix glycoprotein Emilin3 as a novel essential component of the zebrafish notochord sheath. The development of the notochord sheath is impaired in Emilin3 knockdown embryos. The patterning activity of the notochord is also affected by Emilin3, as revealed by the increase of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in Emilin3-depleted embryos and the decreased Hh signaling in embryos overexpressing Emilin3 in the notochord. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that Emilin3 modulates the availability of Hh ligands by interacting with the permissive factor Scube2 in the notochord sheath. Overall, this study reveals a new role for an EMILIN protein and reinforces the concept that structure and function of the notochord are strictly linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Corallo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
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Underhaug J, Koldsø H, Runager K, Nielsen JT, Sørensen CS, Kristensen T, Otzen DE, Karring H, Malmendal A, Schiøtt B, Enghild JJ, Nielsen NC. Mutation in transforming growth factor beta induced protein associated with granular corneal dystrophy type 1 reduces the proteolytic susceptibility through local structural stabilization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2812-22. [PMID: 24129074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary mutations in the transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) gene cause phenotypically distinct corneal dystrophies characterized by protein deposition in cornea. We show here that the Arg555Trp mutant of the fourth fasciclin 1 (FAS1-4) domain of the protein (TGFBIp/keratoepithelin/βig-h3), associated with granular corneal dystrophy type 1, is significantly less susceptible to proteolysis by thermolysin and trypsin than the WT domain. High-resolution liquid-state NMR of the WT and Arg555Trp mutant FAS1-4 domains revealed very similar structures except for the region around position 555. The Arg555Trp substitution causes Trp555 to be buried in an otherwise empty hydrophobic cavity of the FAS1-4 domain. The first thermolysin cleavage in the core of the FAS1-4 domain occurs on the N-terminal side of Leu558 adjacent to the Arg555 mutation. MD simulations indicated that the C-terminal end of helix α3' containing this cleavage site is less flexible in the mutant domain, explaining the observed proteolytic resistance. This structural change also alters the electrostatic properties, which may explain increased propensity of the mutant to aggregate in vitro with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Based on our results we propose that the Arg555Trp mutation disrupts the normal degradation/turnover of corneal TGFBIp, leading to accumulation and increased propensity to aggregate through electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarl Underhaug
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, NO-5009 Bergen, Norway
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Nishikawa T, Yamamoto T, Honjo KI, Ichioka H, Yamamoto K, Kanamura N, Kato H, Wato M, Kubo T, Mori M, Tanaka A. Marfan's syndrome: Clinical manifestations in the oral-craniofacial area, biophysiological roles of fibrillins and elastic extracellular microfibers, and disease control of the fibrillin gene. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Tung TT, Nagaosa K, Fujita Y, Kita A, Mori H, Okada R, Nonaka S, Nakanishi Y. Phosphatidylserine recognition and induction of apoptotic cell clearance by Drosophila engulfment receptor Draper. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 153:483-91. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Grondona JM, Hoyo-Becerra C, Visser R, Fernández-Llebrez P, López-Ávalos MD. The subcommissural organ and the development of the posterior commissure. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 296:63-137. [PMID: 22559938 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394307-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing axons navigate through the developing brain by means of axon guidance molecules. Intermediate targets producing such signal molecules are used as guideposts to find distal targets. Glial, and sometimes neuronal, midline structures represent intermediate targets when axons cross the midline to reach the contralateral hemisphere. The subcommissural organ (SCO), a specialized neuroepithelium located at the dorsal midline underneath the posterior commissure, releases SCO-spondin, a large glycoprotein belonging to the thrombospondin superfamily that shares molecular domains with axonal pathfinding molecules. Several evidences suggest that the SCO could be involved in the development of the PC. First, both structures display a close spatiotemporal relationship. Second, certain mutants lacking an SCO present an abnormal PC. Third, some axonal guidance molecules are expressed by SCO cells. Finally, SCO cells, the Reissner's fiber (the aggregated form of SCO-spondin), or synthetic peptides from SCO-spondin affect the neurite outgrowth or neuronal aggregation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Grondona
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
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Kim YH, Kwon HJ, Kim DS. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)-dependent processing of βig-h3 protein regulates cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38957-69. [PMID: 23019342 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.357863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is critically involved in inflammation, cancer, and development. In this study, transforming growth factor-β-induced protein (βig-h3) was identified as a substrate of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by site-directed mutagenesis. βig-h3 has two cleavage sites with the consensus sequence Pro-Xaa-Xaa-Hy-(Ser/Thr) (Hy is a hydrophobic amino acid) (PGSFT beginning at amino acid 135 and PPMGT beginning at amino acid 501). Using recombinant human βig-h3 and MMP-9, βig-h3 from βig-h3-transfected HEK293F cells, and MMP-9 from MMP-9-transfected HEK293F cells, human macrophages, and neutrophils, we found that MMP-9 proteolytically cleaves βig-h3. Cleavage leads to the loss of its adhesive property and its release from extracellular matrix proteins, collagen IV, and fibronectin. Spheroids formed by increased cell-cell interactions were observed in βig-h3-transfected HEK293F cells but not in vehicle-transfected HEK293F cells. In human glioma U87MG cells, MMP-9 constitutive overexpression resulted in endogenous βig-h3 cleavage. βig-h3 cleavage by MMP-9 led to increased cell invasion, and βig-h3 knockdown also resulted in increased cell invasion. The βig-h3 fragment cleaved by MMP-9 could bind to the surface of macrophages, and it may play a role as a peptide chemoattractant by inducing macrophage migration via focal adhesion kinase/Src-mediated signal activation. Thus, intact βig-h3 is responsible for cell migration inhibition, cell-cell contact, and cell-extracellular matrix interaction. Experimental evidence indicates that MMP-9-cleaved βig-h3 plays a role in MMP-9-mediated tumor cell and macrophage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hyang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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