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Yáñez AJ, Jaramillo K, Silva P, Yáñez A M, Sandoval M, Carpio D, Aguilar M. Sodium tungstate (NaW) decreases inflammation and renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01272-2. [PMID: 38944202 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the most severe complications of Diabetes Mellitus and the main cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. Despite the therapies available to control blood glucose and blood pressure, many patients continue to suffer from progressive kidney damage. Chronic hyperglycemia is the main driver of changes observed in diabetes; however, it was recently discovered that inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the development and progression of kidney damage. Therefore, it is important to search for new pharmacological therapies that stop the progression of DN. Sodium tungstate (NaW) is an effective short and long-term antidiabetic agent in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes models. METHODS In this study, the effect of NaW on proinflammatory signalling pathways, proinflammatory proteins and fibrosis in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rat model was analysed using histological analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS NaW treatment in diabetic rats normalize parameters such as glycemia, glucosuria, albuminuria/creatinuria, glomerular damage, and tubulointerstitial damage. NaW decreased the proinflammatory signaling pathway NF-κB, inflammatory markers (ICAM-1, MCP-1 and OPN), profibrotic pathways (TGFβ1/Smad2/3), reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (α -SMA), and decreased renal fibrosis (type IV collagen). CONCLUSION NaW could be an effective drug therapy for treating human diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Research and Development Department, Greenvolution SpA. Puerto Varas, Chile.
| | - Karen Jaramillo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mariana Yáñez A
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Campus de la Patagonia, Universidad San Sebastian, 5480000 Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Moises Sandoval
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Carpio
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcelo Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile.
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Yañez AJ, Jaramillo K, Blaña C, Burgos RA, Isla A, Silva P, Aguilar M. Sodium Tungstate (NaW) Decreases Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production in Cells: New Cellular Antioxidant. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020417. [PMID: 36830953 PMCID: PMC9953222 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Hyperglycemia generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to diabetic complications, especially in DN. Sodium Tungstate (NaW) is an effective antidiabetic agent for short and long-term treatments of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes models. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NaW on ROS production in bovine neutrophils incubated with platelet-activating factor (PAF) and in HK-2 cells induced by high glucose or H2O2. In addition, we evaluated the effect on iNOS expression in the type 1 diabetic rat model induced with streptozotocin (STZ). NaW inhibited ROS production in PAF-induced bovine neutrophils, and human tubular cells (HK-2) were incubated in high glucose or H2O2. In addition, NaW inhibited iNOS expression in glomeruli and tubular cells in the type 1 diabetic rat. This study demonstrates a new role for NaW as an active antioxidant and its potential use in treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J. Yañez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.J.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Karen Jaramillo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Camila Blaña
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Rafael A. Burgos
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UACH Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Adolfo Isla
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Pamela Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Marcelo Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.J.Y.); (M.A.)
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3
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Abstract
Tungsten is an emerging contaminant in the environment. Research has demonstrated that humans are exposed to high levels of tungsten in certain settings, primarily due to increased use of tungsten in industrial applications. However, our understanding of the potential human health risks of tungsten exposure is still limited. An important point we have learned about the toxicity profile of tungsten is that it is complex because tungsten can often augment the effects of other co-exposures or co-stressors, which could result in greater toxicity or more severe disease. This has shaped the tungsten toxicology field and the types of research questions being investigated. This has particularly been true when evaluating the toxicity profile of tungsten metal alloys in combination with cobalt. In this chapter, the current state of the tungsten toxicology field will be discussed focusing on data investigating tungsten carcinogenicity and other major toxicities including pulmonary, cardiometabolic, bone, and immune endpoints, either alone or in combination with other metals. Environmental and human monitoring data will also be discussed to highlight human populations most at risk of exposure to high concentrations of tungsten, the forms of tungsten present in each setting, and exposure levels in each population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Bolt
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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Bulut M, Dönmez BÖ, Öztürk N, Başaranlar G, Kencebay Manas C, Derin N, Özdemir S. Effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials in diabetic rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:677-81. [PMID: 27275420 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in diabetic rats. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control, diabetic control and diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Sodium tungstate [40 mg/(kg·d)] was administered for 12wk and then VEPs were recorded. Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were measured in brain tissues. RESULTS The latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 waves were significantly prolonged in diabetic rats compared with control group. Diabetes mellitus caused an increase in the lipid peroxidation process that was accompanied by changes in VEPs. However, prolonged latencies of VEPs for all components returned to control levels in sodium tungstate-treated group. The treatment of sodium tungstate significantly decreased brain TBARS levels and depleted the prolonged latencies of VEP components compared with diabetic control group. CONCLUSION Sodium tungstate shows protective effects on visual pathway in diabetic rats, and it can be worthy of further study for potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bulut
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Barış Özgür Dönmez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Nihal Öztürk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Göksun Başaranlar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Ceren Kencebay Manas
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Narin Derin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Semir Özdemir
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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Fernández-Ruiz R, Pino M, Hurtado B, García de Frutos P, Caballo C, Escolar G, Gomis R, Diaz-Ricart M. Role of sodium tungstate as a potential antiplatelet agent. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2777-86. [PMID: 26060394 PMCID: PMC4454192 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s77221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Platelet inhibition is a key strategy in the management of atherothrombosis. However, the large variability in response to current strategies leads to the search for alternative inhibitors. The antiplatelet effect of the inorganic salt sodium tungstate (Na2O4W), a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, has been investigated in this study. Methods Wild-type (WT) and PTP1B knockout (PTP1B−/−) mice were treated for 1 week with Na2O4W to study platelet function with the platelet function analyzer PFA-100, a cone-and-plate analyzer, a flat perfusion chamber, and thrombus formation in vivo. Human blood aliquots were incubated with Na2O4W for 1 hour to measure platelet function using the PFA-100 and the annular perfusion chamber. Aggregometry and thromboelastometry were also performed. Results In WT mice, Na2O4W treatment prolonged closure times in the PFA-100 and decreased the surface covered (%SC) by platelets on collagen. Thrombi formed in a thrombosis mice model were smaller in animals treated with Na2O4W (4.6±0.7 mg vs 8.9±0.7 mg; P<0.001). Results with Na2O4W were similar to those in untreated PTP1B−/− mice (5.0±0.3 mg). Treatment of the PTP1B−/− mice with Na2O4W modified only slightly this response. In human blood, a dose-dependent effect was observed. At 200 μM, closure times in the PFA-100 were prolonged. On denuded vessels, %SC and thrombi formation (%T) decreased with Na2O4W. Neither the aggregating response nor the viscoelastic clot properties were affected. Conclusion Na2O4W decreases consistently the hemostatic capacity of platelets, inhibiting their adhesive and cohesive properties under flow conditions in mice and in human blood, resulting in smaller thrombi. Although Na2O4W may be acting on platelet PTP1B, other potential targets should not be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Fernández-Ruiz
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosellón, Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Pino
- Hemotherapy-Hemostasis, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Hurtado
- Institutode Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Rosellón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo García de Frutos
- Institutode Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Rosellón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Caballo
- Hemotherapy-Hemostasis, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Escolar
- Hemotherapy-Hemostasis, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosellón, Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain ; Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Diaz-Ricart
- Hemotherapy-Hemostasis, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain
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Bertinat R, Nualart F, Li X, Yáñez AJ, Gomis R. Preclinical and Clinical Studies for Sodium Tungstate: Application in Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 25995968 PMCID: PMC4435618 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder triggered by the deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreatic β-cell or the resistance of peripheral tissues to the action of the hormone. Chronic hyperglycemia is the major consequence of this failure, and also the main cause of diabetic problems. Indeed, several clinical trials have agreed in that tight glycemic control is the best way to stop progression of the disease. Many anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes are commercially available, but no ideal normoglycemic agent has been developed yet. Moreover, weight gain is the most common side effect of many oral anti-diabetic agents and insulin, and increased weight has been shown to worsen glycemic control and increase the risk of diabetes progression. In this sense, the inorganic salt sodium tungstate (NaW) has been studied in different animal models of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, proving to have a potent effect on normalizing blood glucose levels and reducing body weight, without any hypoglycemic action. Although the liver has been studied as the main site of NaW action, positive effects have been also addressed in muscle, pancreas, brain, adipose tissue and intestine, explaining the effective anti-diabetic action of this salt. Here, we review NaW research to date in these different target organs. We believe that NaW deserves more attention, since all available anti-diabetic treatments remain suboptimal and new therapeutics are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bertinat
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile ; Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Xuhang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alejandro J Yáñez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile ; Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ramón Gomis
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain ; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain ; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Tungstate reduces the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in STZ rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42305. [PMID: 22905122 PMCID: PMC3414523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Oral administration of sodium tungstate has shown hyperglycemia-reducing activity in several animal models of diabetes. We present new insights into the mechanism of action of tungstate. Methods We studied protein expression and phosphorylation in the liver of STZ rats, a type I diabetes model, treated with sodium tungstate in the drinking water (2 mg/ml) and in primary cultured-hepatocytes, through Western blot and Real Time PCR analysis. Results Tungstate treatment reduces the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK, G6Pase, and FBPase) and also regulates transcription factors accountable for the control of hepatic metabolism (c-jun, c-fos and PGC1α). Moreover, ERK, p90rsk and GSK3, upstream kinases regulating the expression of c-jun and c-fos, are phosphorylated in response to tungstate. Interestingly, PKB/Akt phosphorylation is not altered by the treatment. Several of these observations were reproduced in isolated rat hepatocytes cultured in the absence of insulin, thereby indicating that those effects of tungstate are insulin-independent. Conclusions Here we show that treatment with tungstate restores the phosphorylation state of various signaling proteins and changes the expression pattern of metabolic enzymes.
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Rodriguez-Hernandez CJ, Guinovart JJ, Murguia JR. Anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent sodium tungstate enhances GCN pathway activation through Glc7p inhibition. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:270-6. [PMID: 22245679 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tungstate counteracts diabetes and obesity in animal models, but its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Our Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based approach has found that tungstate alleviated the growth defect induced by nutrient stress and enhanced the activation of the GCN pathway. Tungstate relieved the sensitivity to starvation of a gcn2-507 yeast hypomorphic mutant, indicating that tungstate modulated the GCN pathway downstream of Gcn2p. Interestingly, tungstate inhibited Glc7p and PP1 phosphatase activity, both negative regulators of the GCN pathway in yeast and humans, respectively. Accordingly, overexpression of a dominant-negative Glc7p mutant in yeast mimicked tungstate effects. Therefore tungstate alleviates nutrient stress in yeast by in vivo inhibition of Glc7p. These data uncover a potential role for tungstate in the treatment of PP1 and GCN related diseases.
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9
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Novel glitazones: glucose uptake and cytotoxic activities, and structure–activity relationships. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Gómez-Gómez MM, Rodríguez-Fariñas N, Cañas-Montalvo B, Domínguez J, Guinovart J, Cámara-Rica C. Biospeciation of tungsten in the serum of diabetic and healthy rats treated with the antidiabetic agent sodium tungstate. Talanta 2011; 84:1011-8. [PMID: 21530773 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is known that oral administration of sodium tungstate preserves the pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic rats. Healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with sodium tungstate for one, three or six weeks, after which the species of W in serum, were analysed. An increase in serum W with treatment time was observed. After six weeks, the serum W concentration in diabetic rats (70 mg L(-1)) was about 4.6 times higher than in healthy specimens. This different behaviour was also observed for Cu accumulation, while the Zn pattern follows the contrary. The patterns observed in the retention of Cu and Zn may be attributable to a normalization of glycaemia. The speciation analysis of W was performed using 2D separations, including an immunoaffinity packing and a SEC (Size Exclusion Chromatography) column coupled to an ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) for elemental detection. Ultrafiltration data together with SEC-ICP-MS results proved that around 80% of serum W was bound to proteins, the diabetic rats registering a higher W content than their healthy counterparts. Most of the protein-bound W was due to a complex with albumin. An unknown protein with a molecular weight higher than 100 kDa was also found to bind a small amount of W (about 2%). MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight) analysis of the desalted and concentrated chromatographic fractions confirmed albumin as the main protein bound to tungstate in rat serum, while no binding to transferrin (Tf) was detected. The interaction between glutathione and W was also evaluated using standard solutions; however, the formation of complexes was not observed. The stability of the complexes between W and proteins when subjected to more stringent procedures, like those used in proteomic methodologies (denaturing with urea or SDS, boiling, sonication, acid media, reduction with β-mercaptoethanol (BME) or DTT (dithiotreitol) and alkylation with iodoacetamide (IAA), was also evaluated. Our results indicate that the stability of the complexes between W and proteins is not too high enough to remain unaltered during protein separation by SDS-PAGE in denaturing and reducing conditions. However, the procedures for in-solution tryptic digestion and for ESI-MS analysis in MeOH/H(2)O/with 0.1% formic acid could be used for protein identification without large loss of binding between W and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Milagros Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Kumar BP, Soni M, Kumar SS, Singh K, Patil M, Baig RN, Adhikary L. Synthesis, glucose uptake activity and structure–activity relationships of some novel glitazones incorporated with glycine, aromatic and alicyclic amine moieties via two carbon acyl linker. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:835-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Topic A, Milenkovic M, Uskokovic-Markovic S, Vucicevic D. Insulin mimetic effect of tungsten compounds on isolated rat adipocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 134:296-306. [PMID: 19644657 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of effective, orally active, and safe antidiabetic metallopharmaceuticals have been carried out during the last two decades. It has been reported that tungsten compounds mimic the action of insulin in intact cell systems. As insulin mimetics, the most investigated tungsten compound was sodium tungstate (ST), rarely investigated was tungstophosphoric acid (WPA), but never alanine complex of tungstophosphoric acid (WPA-A). In this study, the insulin mimetic activity of three different tungsten compounds, ST, WPA, and WPA-A, was evaluated by means of in vitro measurements of the glucose uptake and inhibition of free fatty acids release from epinephrine-treated isolated rat white adipocytes. We investigated the influence of concentration (lower and higher, 0.1 and 1.0 mM, respectively) and solvent: isotonic salt solution-saline (0.9% w/v of NaCl) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 2% v/v), on the biological effect of tested compounds. Our experimental data showed that all of the three investigated tungsten compounds possess insulin mimetic activity in vitro on the isolated adipocytes. Influence of concentration and solvents on insulin mimetic effect for the certain tungsten compounds were: WPA was shown effect independently of concentration and solvents; higher concentration and DMSO were significant decreasing insulin mimetic effect of ST; lower concentration and saline led to decreasing effect of WPA-A. Generally, there were no differences in insulin mimetic effect of three tungsten compounds in lower concentration and dissolved in DMSO. When saline was used as solvent, it was needed higher concentration of investigated compounds to accomplish the same effect. In conclusion, our results suggest that low concentration (0.1 mM) of ST, WPA, and WPA-A dissolved in 2% DMSO could be the good candidates for in vivo investigation of their antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Topic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Salacia oblonga extract increases glucose transporter 4-mediated glucose uptake in L6 rat myotubes: Role of mangiferin. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:565-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Leite MF, Nicolau J. Sodium tungstate on some biochemical parameters of the parotid salivary gland of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a short-term study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 127:154-63. [PMID: 18810331 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown the antidiabetic properties of sodium tungstate. In this study, we evaluated some biochemical parameters of the parotid salivary gland of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate solution (2 mg/ml). The studied groups were: untreated control (UC), treated control (TC), untreated diabetic (UD), and treated diabetic (TD). After 2 and 6 weeks of treatment, parotid gland was removed and total protein and sialic acid (free and total) concentration and amylase and peroxidase activities were determined. Data were compared by variance analysis and Tukey test (p < 0.05). The sodium tungstate treatment modestly decreased the glycemia of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. At week 2 of the study, parotid gland of diabetic rats presented a reduction of total protein concentration (55%) and an increase of amylase (120%) and peroxidase (160%) activities, free (150%) and total (170%) sialic acid concentration. No alteration in the evaluated parameters at week 6 of the study was observed. Sodium tungstate presented no significant effect in parotid gland. Our results suggest that diabetes causes initial modification in biochemical composition of parotid. However, this gland showed a recovery capacity after 6 week of the experimental time. Sodium tungstate has no effect in peripheral tissues, such as salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira Leite
- Centro de Pesquisa em Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, CEP 05508-000.
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Miró-Queralt M, Guinovart JJ, Planas JM. Sodium tungstate decreases sucrase and Na+/D-glucose cotransporter in the jejunum of diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G479-84. [PMID: 18617558 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00566.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sodium tungstate reduces glycemia and reverts the diabetic phenotype in several induced and genetic animal models of diabetes. Oral administration of this compound has recently emerged as an effective treatment for diabetes. Here we examined the effects of 30 days of oral administration of tungstate on disaccharidase and Na+/D-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) activity in the jejunum of control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes increased sucrase-specific activity in the jejunal mucosa but did not affect the activity of lactase, maltase, or trehalase. The abundance and the maximal rate of transport of SGLT1 in isolated brush-border membrane vesicles also increased. Tungstate decreased sucrase activity and normalized SGLT1 expression and activity in the jejunum of diabetic rats. Furthermore, tungstate did not change the affinity of SGLT1 for d-glucose and had no effect on the diffusional component. In control animals, tungstate had no effect on disaccharidases or SGLT1 expression. Northern blot analysis showed that the amount of specific SGLT1 mRNA was the same in the jejunum from all experimental groups, thereby indicating that changes in SGLT1 abundance are due to posttranscriptional mechanisms. We conclude that the antidiabetic effect of tungstate is partly due to normalization of the activity of sucrase and SGLT1 in the brush-border membrane of enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Miró-Queralt
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, INSA, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Girón MD, Sevillano N, Vargas AM, Domínguez J, Guinovart JJ, Salto R. The glucose-lowering agent sodium tungstate increases the levels and translocation of GLUT4 in L6 myotubes through a mechanism associated with ERK1/2 and MEF2D. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1285-95. [PMID: 18483800 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to investigate the action of the glucose-lowering compound sodium tungstate on glucose transport in muscle myotubes and to unravel the molecular events underlying the effects observed. METHODS We studied the effects of tungstate on 2-deoxy-D: -glucose uptake, levels and translocation of the glucose transporters GLUT4 and GLUT1, and Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) promoter activity. We also measured the modifications of individual components of the signalling pathways involved in the effects observed. RESULTS Tungstate increased 2-deoxy-D: -glucose uptake in differentiated L6 myotubes through an increase in the total amount and translocation of GLUT4 transporter. The effects on glucose uptake were additive to those of insulin. Tungstate activated transcription of the Glut4 promoter, as shown by an increase in Glut4 mRNA, and by a promoter reporter assay. The assay of deletions of the Glut4 promoter indicated that the effect of tungstate is mediated by the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2)-binding domain. Accordingly, MEF2 levels and DNA binding activities were increased in response to the treatment. Tungstate-induced glucose uptake and GLUT4 transcriptional activation were dependent on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), while no changes were observed in the phosphorylation state of the beta subunit of the insulin receptor, in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway or in the activation of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Tungstate activates glucose uptake in myotubes through a novel ERK1/2-dependent mechanism. This effect is exerted by an increase in the content and translocation of the GLUT4 transporter. This is the first report of a glucose-lowering compound activating Glut4 transcription through an ERK1/2-dependent increase in MEF2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Girón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja sn, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Rodríguez-Fariñas N, Gomez-Gomez MM, Camara-Rica C. Study of tungstate–protein interaction in human serum by LC–ICP-MS and MALDI-TOF. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:29-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Piquer S, Barceló-Batllori S, Julià M, Marzo N, Nadal B, Guinovart JJ, Gomis R. Phosphorylation events implicating p38 and PI3K mediate tungstate-effects in MIN6 beta cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:385-91. [PMID: 17490618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of sodium tungstate is an effective treatment for diabetes in animal models. Several lines of evidence indicate the pancreatic beta cell as one of the targets of tungstate action. Here, we examined the molecular mechanism by which this compound exerts its effects on the beta cell line MIN6. Tungstate treatment induced phosphorylation and subsequent activation of p38 and PI3K which in turn are implicated in tungstate PDX-1 nuclear localization and activation. Although no effect was observed in glucose-induced insulin secretion we found that tungstate activates basal insulin release, a process driven, at least in part, by activation of p38. These results show a direct involvement of p38 and PI3K phosphorylation in the mechanism of action of tungstate in the beta cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Piquer
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Claret M, Corominola H, Canals I, Saura J, Barcelo-Batllori S, Guinovart JJ, Gomis R. Tungstate decreases weight gain and adiposity in obese rats through increased thermogenesis and lipid oxidation. Endocrinology 2005; 146:4362-9. [PMID: 16002523 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing worldwide incidence of obesity and the limitations of current treatments raise the need for finding novel therapeutic approaches to treat this disease. The purpose of the current study was first to investigate the effects of tungstate on body weight and insulin sensitivity in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Second, we aimed to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying its action. Oral administration of tungstate significantly decreased body weight gain and adiposity without modifying caloric intake, intestinal fat absorption, or growth rate in obese rats. Moreover, the treatment ameliorated dislipemia and insulin resistance of obese rats. These effects were mediated by an increase in whole-body energy dissipation and by changes in the expression of genes involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and mitochondrial uncoupling in adipose tissue. Furthermore, treatment increased the number of small adipocytes with a concomitant induction of apoptosis. Our results indicate that tungstate treatment may provide the basis for a promising novel therapy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Claret
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Domínguez JE, Muñoz MC, Zafra D, Sanchez-Perez I, Baqué S, Caron M, Mercurio C, Barberà A, Perona R, Gomis R, Guinovart JJ. The antidiabetic agent sodium tungstate activates glycogen synthesis through an insulin receptor-independent pathway. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:42785-94. [PMID: 12925525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m308334200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium tungstate is a powerful antidiabetic agent when administered orally. In primary cultured hepatocytes, tungstate showed insulin-like actions, which led to an increase in glycogen synthesis and accumulation. However, this compound did not significantly alter the insulin receptor activation state or dephosphorylation rate in cultured cells (CHO-R) or in primary hepatocytes, in either short or long term treatments. In contrast, at low concentrations, tungstate induced a transient strong activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) after 5-10 min of treatment, in a similar way to insulin. Moreover, this compound did not significantly delay or inhibit the dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. ERK1/2 activation triggered a cascade of downstream events, which included the phosphorylation of p90rsk and glycogen synthase-kinase 3beta. Experiments with a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2 activation and kinase assays indicate that these proteins were directly involved in the stimulation of glycogen synthase and glycogen synthesis induced by tungstate without a direct involvement of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). These results show a direct involvement of ERK1/2 in the mechanism of action of tungstate at the hepatic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Domínguez
- IRBB-Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier, 1-5, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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