1
|
Yanase R, Pruzinova K, Owino BO, Rea E, Moreira-Leite F, Taniguchi A, Nonaka S, Sádlová J, Vojtkova B, Volf P, Sunter JD. Discovery of essential kinetoplastid-insect adhesion proteins and their function in Leishmania-sand fly interactions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6960. [PMID: 39138209 PMCID: PMC11322530 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmania species, members of the kinetoplastid parasites, cause leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, in millions of people worldwide. Leishmania has a complex life cycle with multiple developmental forms, as it cycles between a sand fly vector and a mammalian host; understanding their life cycle is critical to understanding disease spread. One of the key life cycle stages is the haptomonad form, which attaches to insect tissues through its flagellum. This adhesion, conserved across kinetoplastid parasites, is implicated in having an important function within their life cycles and hence in disease transmission. Here, we discover the kinetoplastid-insect adhesion proteins (KIAPs), which localise in the attached Leishmania flagellum. Deletion of these KIAPs impairs cell adhesion in vitro and prevents Leishmania from colonising the stomodeal valve in the sand fly, without affecting cell growth. Additionally, loss of parasite adhesion in the sand fly results in reduced physiological changes to the fly, with no observable damage of the stomodeal valve and reduced midgut swelling. These results provide important insights into a comprehensive understanding of the Leishmania life cycle, which will be critical for developing transmission-blocking strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Yanase
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Katerina Pruzinova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barrack O Owino
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Rea
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Flávia Moreira-Leite
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Oxford Structural Molecular Imaging Centre (COSMIC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Atsushi Taniguchi
- Laboratory for Spatiotemporal Regulations, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nonaka
- Laboratory for Spatiotemporal Regulations, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Spatiotemporal Regulations Group, Exploratory Research Center for Life and Living Systems, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Jovana Sádlová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Vojtkova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Jack D Sunter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iram S, Rahman S, Choi I, Kim J. Insight into the function of tetranectin in human diseases: A review and prospects for tetranectin-targeted disease treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23512. [PMID: 38187250 PMCID: PMC10770464 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetranectin (TN), a serum protein, is closely associated with different types of cancers. TN binds plasminogen and promotes the proteolytic activation of plasminogen into plasmin, which suggests that TN is involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix and cancer tissues during cancer development. TN is also associated with other diseases, such as developmental disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, inflammation, and diabetes. Although the functional mechanism of TN in diseases is not fully elucidated, TN binds different proteins, such as structural protein, a growth factor, and a transcription regulator. Moreover, TN changes and regulates protein functions, indicating that TN-binding proteins mediate the association between TN and diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TN-associated diseases and TN functions with TN-binding proteins in different diseases. In addition, potential TN-targeted disease treatment by inhibiting the interaction between TN and its binding proteins is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kopeva KV, Grakova EV, Shilov SN, Berezikova EN, Bobyleva ET, Teplyakov AT. Tetranectin as a potential novel prognostic biomarker in anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction. Heart Vessels 2023; 38:1256-1266. [PMID: 37310463 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To assess the association of serum tetranectin levels with cardiac remodeling parameters and to evaluate its prognostic role in women with anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction (ARCD) and without previous cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during 24-month follow-up period. A total of 362 women with primary diagnosed breast cancer who were planned to be treated with anthracyclines were examined. At 12 months after chemotherapy completion, all women were examined and ARCD was diagnosed in 114 patients. After 24 months of follow-up, all patients with ARCD were divided into 2 groups: group 1 comprised women with the adverse course of ARCD (n = 54), group 2 comprised those without it (n = 60). In group 1, the levels of tetranectin were lower than group 2 by 27.6% (p < 0.001) and the patients without ARCD by 33.7% (p < 0.001). In group 1, the levels of tetranectin decreased (p < 0.001) from 11.8 (7.1; 14.3) to 9.02 (5.3; 14.6) pg/mL at 24 months. Moreover, in group 2 (p = 0.871) and in patients without ARCD (p = 0.716), they did not change. The tetranectin values were the independent predictor (odds ratio 7.08; p < 0.001) and its levels ≤ 15/9 ng/mL (AUC = 0.764; p < 0.001) were identified as the predictors for the adverse course of ARCD. NT-proBNP levels did not show the prognostic role, but the addition of NT-proBNP improved prognostic value of analysis (AUC = 0.954; p = 0.002). The cut-off values of tetranectin were established as predictor for adverse course of ARCD, when NT-proBNP was not. The combined use of tetranectin and NT-proBNP demonstrated higher diagnostic value for prediction of adverse outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Kopeva
- Department of Myocardial Pathology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk, 634012, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena V Grakova
- Department of Myocardial Pathology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk, 634012, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey N Shilov
- Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina N Berezikova
- Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena T Bobyleva
- Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander T Teplyakov
- Department of Myocardial Pathology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111a Kievskaya Str., Tomsk, 634012, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amin A, Lone A, Farooq F, Wani UM, Kawoosa F, Qadri RA. Identification of novel inhibitors of tetranectin-plasminogen interaction to suppress breast cancer invasion: an integrated computational and cell-based investigation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15023-15032. [PMID: 36927470 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2187228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Tetranectin-plasminogen interaction plays a defining role in extracellular matrix degradation, enabling tumor cell invasion and metastasis. This interaction occurs via the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and Kringle 4 domain of tetranectin and plasminogen, respectively, leading to activation of the plasminogen-cascade that triggers the proteolytic processes. Thus targeting this interaction represents an important strategy to suppress tumor cell migration and invasion. In this direction, we attempted to target the CRD of tetranectin to inhibit its interaction with the Kringle-4 domain of plasminogen using natural bioactive compounds. A cheminformatics pipeline for drug designing and screening was utilized to obtain lead compound(s) that exhibit conformationally and energetically viable CRD binding. Out of 206 compounds screened, diosgenin and scytonemin displayed the most favorable interactions with CRD. Short-term molecular dynamics simulations of 20 ns were employed to further study the conformational stability of both compounds with tetranectin CRD which reflected at the increased stability of diosgenin in the CRD binding pocket compared to scytonemin. Finally, an extended molecular dynamic simulation of 100 ns affirmed the robust and stable interaction of diosgenin with CRD. Furthermore, diosgenin was observed to exert a pronounced anti-proliferative effect on high tetranectin-expressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of diosgenin on the tetranectin-plasminogen interaction was corroborated by the reduced migration and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells under diosgenin treatment. Overall the study presents an alternate and safer approach to impede breast cancer metastasis and delineates the novel anti-metastatic activity of diosgenin.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Amin
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Asif Lone
- Department of Biochemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Faizah Farooq
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Umer Majeed Wani
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Fizallah Kawoosa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Raies A Qadri
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Öling D, Lan-Chow-Wing O, Martella A, Gilberto S, Chi J, Cooper E, Edström T, Peng B, Sumner D, Karlsson F, Volkov P, Webster CI, Roth R. FRAGLER: A Fragment Recycler Application Enabling Rapid and Scalable Modular DNA Assembly. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2229-2237. [PMID: 35797032 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and flexible plasmid construct generation at scale is one of the most limiting first steps in drug discovery projects. These hurdles can partly be overcome by adopting modular DNA design principles, automated sequence fragmentation, and plasmid assembly. To this end we have designed a robust, multimodule golden gate based cloning platform for construct generation with a wide range of applications. The assembly efficiency of the system was validated by splitting sfGFP and sfCherry3C cassettes and expressing them in E. coli followed by fluorometric assessment. To minimize timelines and cost for complex constructs, we developed a software tool named FRAGLER (FRAGment recycLER) that performs codon optimization, multiple sequence alignment, and automated generation of fragments for recycling. To highlight the flexibility and robustness of the platform, we (i) generated plasmids for SarsCoV2 protein reagents, (ii) automated and parallelized assemblies, and (iii) built modular libraries of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) variants. Applying the new assembly framework, we have greatly streamlined plasmid construction and increased our capacity for rapid generation of complex plasmids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Öling
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Andrea Martella
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, CB2 0AA Cambridge, U.K
| | - Samuel Gilberto
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, CB2 0AA Cambridge, U.K
| | - Jordi Chi
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emily Cooper
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, CB2 0AA Cambridge, U.K
| | - Tora Edström
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Peng
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dean Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Karlsson
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl I Webster
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, CB2 0AA Cambridge, U.K
| | - Robert Roth
- Discovery Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43183 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iram S, Rahman S, Ali S, Kim J. Tetranectin targeting by epigallocatechin gallate suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:211-219. [PMID: 35358581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin is a serum protein that binds to plasminogen and enhances its proteolytic activation, which underlies the involvement of tetranectin in the development of several carcinomas including colon cancer. In the present study, structure-based in silico screening of natural products showed that epigallocatechin gallate with anticancer effects binds to tetranectin. Binding to epigallocatechin gallate to tetranectin was confirmed by intrinsic fluorescence quenching assays and isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, epigallocatechin gallate efficiently inhibited the activity of tetranectin to enhance the activation of plasminogen. We also found that tetranectin enhanced the proliferation of CT-26 colon cancer cells. Epigallocatechin gallate showed its cytotoxic effect on CT-26 cells due to its binding to tetranectin and the consequent suppression of the cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that the anticancer effect of epigallocatechin gallate is mediated, at least in part, by inhibiting tetranectin as a binding target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar 845401, India
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bakhshi H, Fazlalipour M, Dadgar-Pakdel J, Zakeri S, Raz A, Failloux AB, Dinparast Djadid N. Developing a Vaccine to Block West Nile Virus Transmission: In Silico Studies, Molecular Characterization, Expression, and Blocking Activity of Culex pipiens mosGCTL-1. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020218. [PMID: 33671430 PMCID: PMC7921969 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito galactose-specific C-type lectins (mosGCTLs), such as mosGCTL-1, act as ligands to facilitate the invasion of flaviviruses like West Nile virus (WNV). WNV interacts with the mosGCTL-1 of Aedes aegypti (Culicidae) and facilitates the invasion of this virus. Nevertheless, there is no data about the role of mosGCTL-1 as a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate in Culex pipiens, the most abundant Culicinae mosquito in temperate regions. METHODS Adult female Cx. pipiens mosquitoes were experimentally infected with a WNV infectious blood meal, and the effect of rabbit anti-rmosGCTL-1 antibodies on virus replication was evaluated. Additionally, in silico studies such as the prediction of protein structure, homology modeling, and molecular interactions were carried out. RESULTS We showed a 30% blocking activity of Cx. pipiens mosGCTL-1 polyclonal antibodies (compared to the 10% in the control group) with a decrease in infection rates in mosquitoes at day 5 post-infection, suggesting that there may be other proteins in the midgut of Cx. pipiens that could act as cooperative-receptors for WNV. In addition, docking results revealed that WNV binds with high affinity, to the Culex mosquito lectin receptors. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the idea that mosGCTL-1 of Cx. pipiens primarily interacts with WNV to promote viral infection, suggesting that other mosGCTLs may act as primary infection factors in Cx. pipiens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bakhshi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (H.B.); (J.D.-P.); (S.Z.)
| | - Mehdi Fazlalipour
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Javad Dadgar-Pakdel
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (H.B.); (J.D.-P.); (S.Z.)
- Trauma Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad Square, Imam Khomeini Avenue, Tehran 1136746911, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Zakeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (H.B.); (J.D.-P.); (S.Z.)
| | - Abbasali Raz
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (H.B.); (J.D.-P.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.-B.F.); (N.D.D.); Tel.: +98-(0)21-64-11-24-62 (A.R.); +33-(0)1-40-61-36-17 (A.-B.F.); +98-(0)21-64-11-24-62 (N.D.D.)
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 25 rue Dr. Roux, CEDEX 15, 75724 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.-B.F.); (N.D.D.); Tel.: +98-(0)21-64-11-24-62 (A.R.); +33-(0)1-40-61-36-17 (A.-B.F.); +98-(0)21-64-11-24-62 (N.D.D.)
| | - Navid Dinparast Djadid
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 1316943551, Iran; (H.B.); (J.D.-P.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (A.-B.F.); (N.D.D.); Tel.: +98-(0)21-64-11-24-62 (A.R.); +33-(0)1-40-61-36-17 (A.-B.F.); +98-(0)21-64-11-24-62 (N.D.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park J, Ryu DY, Rahman S, Kim J. Adipogenic function of mouse tetranectin and identification of its functional domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:645-651. [PMID: 31540696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin (TN), a plasminogen (Plg) binding protein, enhances the Plg activator (PA)-catalyzed activation of Plg to plasmin (Pln). Previously, TN was identified as an adipogenic serum protein, which promotes adipocyte differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the adipogenic function of mouse TN using recombinant proteins (rmTNs) in full-length and domain-truncated forms. Adipocyte differentiation in TN-depleted-FBS-media was significantly enhanced by rmTNs supplementation. The adipogenic effect of rmTNs was found to be dependent on the presence of a Plg binding domain, indicating the domain is essential for the adipogenic function of mTN. In addition, these results suggested the involvement of Plg activation, however Plg, PA and Pln appeared to have no direct effect on adipocyte differentiation. This study demonstrates the adipogenic function of mTN, which is dependent on the Plg binding domain as its functional domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Ryu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Development of an inflammatory tissue-selective chimeric TNF receptor. Cytokine 2019; 113:340-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
10
|
Lau D, Elezagic D, Hermes G, Mörgelin M, Wohl AP, Koch M, Hartmann U, Höllriegl S, Wagener R, Paulsson M, Streichert T, Klatt AR. The cartilage-specific lectin C-type lectin domain family 3 member A (CLEC3A) enhances tissue plasminogen activator-mediated plasminogen activation. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:203-214. [PMID: 29146595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin domain family 3 member A (CLEC3A) is a poorly characterized protein belonging to the superfamily of C-type lectins. Its closest homologue tetranectin binds to the kringle 4 domain of plasminogen and enhances its association with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thereby enhancing plasmin production, but whether CLEC3A contributes to plasminogen activation is unknown. Here, we recombinantly expressed murine and human full-length CLEC3As as well as truncated forms of CLEC3A in HEK-293 Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) cells. We analyzed the structure of recombinant CLEC3A by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot, glycan analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and electron microscopy; compared the properties of the recombinant protein with those of CLEC3A extracted from cartilage; and investigated its tissue distribution and extracellular assembly by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that CLEC3A mainly occurs as a monomer, but also forms dimers and trimers, potentially via a coiled-coil α-helix. We also noted that CLEC3A can be modified with chondroitin/dermatan sulfate side chains and tends to oligomerize to form higher aggregates. We show that CLEC3A is present in resting, proliferating, and hypertrophic growth-plate cartilage and assembles into an extended extracellular network in cultures of rat chondrosarcoma cells. Further, we found that CLEC3A specifically binds to plasminogen and enhances tPA-mediated plasminogen activation. In summary, we have determined the structure, tissue distribution, and molecular function of the cartilage-specific lectin CLEC3A and show that CLEC3A binds to plasminogen and participates in tPA-mediated plasminogen activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lau
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dzemal Elezagic
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hermes
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander P Wohl
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ursula Hartmann
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas R Klatt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50924 Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu X, Yang YP, Dikici E, Deo SK, Daunert S. Beyond Antibodies as Binding Partners: The Role of Antibody Mimetics in Bioanalysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:293-320. [PMID: 28375702 PMCID: PMC5895458 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of novel binding proteins or antibody mimetics capable of binding to ligand analytes in a manner analogous to that of the antigen-antibody interaction has spurred increased interest in the biotechnology and bioanalytical communities. The goal is to produce antibody mimetics designed to outperform antibodies with regard to binding affinities, cellular and tumor penetration, large-scale production, and temperature and pH stability. The generation of antibody mimetics with tailored characteristics involves the identification of a naturally occurring protein scaffold as a template that binds to a desired ligand. This scaffold is then engineered to create a superior binder by first creating a library that is then subjected to a series of selection steps. Antibody mimetics have been successfully used in the development of binding assays for the detection of analytes in biological samples, as well as in separation methods, cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, and in vivo imaging. This review describes recent advances in the field of antibody mimetics and their applications in bioanalytical chemistry, specifically in diagnostics and other analytical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136;
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136;
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136;
| | - Sapna K Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136;
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yin DT, Xu J, Lei M, Li H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Xing M. Characterization of the novel tumor-suppressor gene CCDC67 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5830-41. [PMID: 26716505 PMCID: PMC4868724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some studies showed an association of coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) genes with cancers. Our previous limited data specifically suggested a possible pathogenic role of CCDC67 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but this has not been firmly established. The present study was to further investigate and establish this role of CCDC67 in PTC. Results The expression of CCDC67, both at mRNA and protein levels, was sharply down-regulated in PTC compared with normal thyroid tissues. Lower CCDC67 expression was significantly associated with aggressive tumor behaviors, such as advanced tumor stages and lymph node metastasis, as well as BRAF mutation. Introduced expression of CCDC67 in TPC-1 cells robustly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and migration, induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and increased cell apoptosis. Methods Primary PTC tumors and matched normal thyroid tissues were obtained from 200 unselected patients at the initial surgery for detection of CCDC67 mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses, respectively. Genomic DNA sequencing was performed to detect BRAF mutation in PTC tumors. Clinicopathological data were retrospectively reviewed for correlation analyses. PTC cell line TPC-1 with stable transfection of CCDC67 was used to investigate the functions of CCDC67. Conclusions This large study demonstrates down-regulation of CCDC67 in PTC, an inverse relationship between CCDC67 expression and PTC aggressiveness and BRAF mutation, and a robust inhibitory effect of CCDC67 on PTC cellular activities. These results are consistent with CCDC67 being a novel and impaired tumor suppressor gene in PTC, providing important prognostic and therapeutic implications for this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De Tao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.,Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.,Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Lei
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.,Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.,Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.,Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.,Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhao Xing
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tetranectin as a Potential Biomarker for Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17632. [PMID: 26621497 PMCID: PMC4665081 DOI: 10.1038/srep17632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study tested the hypothesis that decreased serum levels of tetranectin (TN), a regulator of the fibrinolysis and proteolytic system, is associated with the presence and severity of CAD. We conducted a systematic serological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis to respectively compare the TN levels in serum and artery samples in CAD patients and healthy controls. Our results showed that serum levels of TN were significantly lower in patients with CAD than in healthy controls. Further analysis via trend tests revealed that serum TN levels correlated with the number of diseased arteries. Besides, the multivariate logistic regression model revealed TN as an independent factor associated with the presence of CAD. Additionally, IHC analysis showed that TN expression was significantly higher in atherosclerotic arteries as compared to healthy control tissues. In conclusion, our study suggests that increased serum TN level is associated with the presence and severity of diseased coronary arteries in patients with stable CAD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Aretz J, Wamhoff EC, Hanske J, Heymann D, Rademacher C. Computational and experimental prediction of human C-type lectin receptor druggability. Front Immunol 2014; 5:323. [PMID: 25071783 PMCID: PMC4090677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian C-type lectin receptors (CTLRS) are involved in many aspects of immune cell regulation such as pathogen recognition, clearance of apoptotic bodies, and lymphocyte homing. Despite a great interest in modulating CTLR recognition of carbohydrates, the number of specific molecular probes is limited. To this end, we predicted the druggability of a panel of 22 CTLRs using DoGSiteScorer. The computed druggability scores of most structures were low, characterizing this family as either challenging or even undruggable. To further explore these findings, we employed a fluorine-based nuclear magnetic resonance screening of fragment mixtures against DC-SIGN, a receptor of pharmacological interest. To our surprise, we found many fragment hits associated with the carbohydrate recognition site (hit rate = 13.5%). A surface plasmon resonance-based follow-up assay confirmed 18 of these fragments (47%) and equilibrium dissociation constants were determined. Encouraged by these findings we expanded our experimental druggability prediction to Langerin and MCL and found medium to high hit rates as well, being 15.7 and 10.0%, respectively. Our results highlight limitations of current in silico approaches to druggability assessment, in particular, with regard to carbohydrate-binding proteins. In sum, our data indicate that small molecule ligands for a larger panel of CTLRs can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Aretz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jonas Hanske
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Dario Heymann
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Splice variants of perlucin from Haliotis laevigata modulate the crystallisation of CaCO3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97126. [PMID: 24824517 PMCID: PMC4019660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlucin is one of the proteins of the organic matrix of nacre (mother of pearl) playing an important role in biomineralisation. This nacreous layer can be predominately found in the mollusc lineages and is most intensively studied as a compound of the shell of the marine Australian abalone Haliotis laevigata. A more detailed analysis of Perlucin will elucidate some of the still unknown processes in the complex interplay of the organic/inorganic compounds involved in the formation of nacre as a very interesting composite material not only from a life science-based point of view. Within this study we discovered three unknown Perlucin splice variants of the Australian abalone H. laevigata. The amplified cDNAs vary from 562 to 815 base pairs and the resulting translation products differ predominantly in the absence or presence of a varying number of a 10 mer peptide C-terminal repeat. The splice variants could further be confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) analysis as endogenous Perlucin, purified from decalcified abalone shell. Interestingly, we observed that the different variants expressed as maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion proteins in E. coli showed strong differences in their influence on precipitating CaCO3 and that these differences might be due to a splice variant-specific formation of large protein aggregates influenced by the number of the 10 mer peptide repeats. Our results are evidence for a more complex situation with respect to Perlucin functional regulation by demonstrating that Perlucin splice variants modulate the crystallisation of calcium carbonate. The identification of differentially behaving Perlucin variants may open a completely new perspective for the field of nacre biomineralisation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Balakrishnan L, Nirujogi RS, Ahmad S, Bhattacharjee M, Manda SS, Renuse S, Kelkar DS, Subbannayya Y, Raju R, Goel R, Thomas JK, Kaur N, Dhillon M, Tankala SG, Jois R, Vasdev V, Ramachandra Y, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Prasad TK, Mohan S, Gowda H, Shankar S, Pandey A. Proteomic analysis of human osteoarthritis synovial fluid. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:6. [PMID: 24533825 PMCID: PMC3942106 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized mainly by progressive degradation of the hyaline cartilage. Patients with osteoarthritis often postpone seeking medical help, which results in the diagnosis being made at an advanced stage of cartilage destruction. Sustained efforts are needed to identify specific markers that might help in early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression and in improving therapeutic outcomes. We employed a multipronged proteomic approach, which included multiple fractionation strategies followed by high resolution mass spectrometry analysis to explore the proteome of synovial fluid obtained from osteoarthritis patients. In addition to the total proteome, we also enriched glycoproteins from synovial fluid using lectin affinity chromatography. Results We identified 677 proteins from synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis of which 545 proteins have not been previously reported. These novel proteins included ADAM-like decysin 1 (ADAMDEC1), alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase (ANPEP), CD84, fibulin 1 (FBLN1), matrix remodelling associated 5 (MXRA5), secreted phosphoprotein 2 (SPP2) and spondin 2 (SPON2). We identified 300 proteins using lectin affinity chromatography, including the glycoproteins afamin (AFM), attractin (ATRN), fibrillin 1 (FBN1), transferrin (TF), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) and vasorin (VSN). Gene ontology analysis confirmed that a majority of the identified proteins were extracellular and are mostly involved in cell communication and signaling. We also confirmed the expression of ANPEP, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3 (DKK3) and osteoglycin (OGN) by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis of osteoarthritis synovial fluid samples. Conclusions We present an in-depth analysis of the synovial fluid proteome from patients with osteoarthritis. We believe that the catalog of proteins generated in this study will further enhance our knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and should assist in identifying better biomarkers for early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Subramanian Shankar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Molecular cloning and characterization of perlucin from the freshwater pearl mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii. Gene 2013; 526:210-6. [PMID: 23732290 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perlucin is an important functional protein that regulates shell and pearl formation. In this study, we cloned the perlucin gene from the freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii, designated as Hcperlucin. The full-length cDNA transcribed from the Hcperlucin gene was 1460 bp long, encoding a putative signal peptide of 20 amino acids and a mature protein of 141 amino acids. The mature Hcperlucin peptide contained six conserved cysteine residues and a carbohydrate recognition domain, similar to other members of the C-type lectin families. In addition, a "QPS" and an invariant "WND" motif near the C-terminal region were also found, which are extremely important for polysaccharide recognition and calcium binding of lectins. The mRNA of Hcperlucin was constitutively expressed in all tested H. cumingii tissues, with the highest expression levels observed in the mantle, adductor, gill and hemocytes. In situ hybridization was used to detect the presence of Hcperlucin mRNA in the mantle, and the result showed that the mRNA was specifically expressed in the epithelial cells of the dorsal mantle pallial, an area known to express genes involved in the biosynthesis of the nacreous layer of the shell. The significant Hcperlucin mRNA expression was detected on day 14 post shell damage and implantation, suggesting that the Hcperlucin might be an important gene in shell nacreous layer and pearl formation. The change of perlucin expression in pearl sac also confirmed that the mantle transplantation results in a new expression pattern of perlucin genes in pearl sac cells that are required for pearl biomineralization. These findings could help better understanding the function of perlucin in the shell and pearl formation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Park SJ, Jang HR, Kim M, Kim JH, Kwon OH, Park JL, Noh SM, Song KS, Kim SY, Kim YH, Kim YS. Epigenetic alteration of CCDC67 and its tumor suppressor function in gastric cancer. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1494-501. [PMID: 22610074 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the promoter of the gene coiled-coil domain-containing 67 (CCDC67) was found to be frequently methylated in gastric cancer cell lines and in primary gastric tumors, as examined by restriction landmark genomic scanning. In addition, CCDC67 expression was down-regulated in 72.7% of gastric cancer cell lines tested. In most cases, gene down-regulation was associated with CpG hypermethylation in the CCDC67 promoter. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin A restored CCDC67 expression in down-regulated cell lines. Pyrosequencing analysis of 150 paired primary gastric cancer samples revealed that promoter CpG methylation was increased in 74% of tested tumors compared with paired adjacent normal tissues, and this hypermethylation correlated significantly with down-regulation of CCDC67. CCDC67 protein was localized to the cell membrane by immunocytochemistry. Stable transfection of a CCDC67 gene in one gastric cancer cell line inhibited adhesion-dependent and -independent colony formation, and CCDC67 expression suppressed tumorigenesis in nude mice. We suggest that CCDC67 is a putative tumor suppressor gene that is silenced in gastric cancers by promoter CpG methylation and that it may play an important role in cell signaling and migration related to tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Joon Park
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Arellano-Garcia ME, Li R, Liu X, Xie Y, Yan X, Loo JA, Hu S. Identification of tetranectin as a potential biomarker for metastatic oral cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:3106-21. [PMID: 20957082 PMCID: PMC2956083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11093106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node involvement is the most important predictor of survival rates in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A biomarker that can indicate lymph node metastasis would be valuable to classify patients with OSCC for optimal treatment. In this study, we have performed a serum proteomic analysis of OSCC using 2-D gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. One of the down-regulated proteins in OSCC was identified as tetranectin, which is a protein encoded by the CLEC3B gene (C-type lectin domain family 3, member B). We further tested the protein level in serum and saliva from patients with lymph-node metastatic and primary OSCC. Tetranectin was found significantly under-expressed in both serum and saliva of metastatic OSCC compared to primary OSCC. Our results suggest that serum or saliva tetranectin may serve as a potential biomarker for metastatic OSCC. Other candidate serum biomarkers for OSCC included superoxide dismutase, ficolin 2, CD-5 antigen-like protein, RalA binding protein 1, plasma retinol-binding protein and transthyretin. Their clinical utility for OSCC detection remains to be further tested in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Arellano-Garcia
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; E-Mails: (M.E.A.-G.); (X.L.)
| | - Roger Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.); (Y.X.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; E-Mails: (M.E.A.-G.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongming Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.); (Y.X.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- Department of Statistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; E-Mails: (R.L.); (Y.X.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; E-Mails: (M.E.A.-G.); (X.L.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-310-206-8834; Fax: +1-310-794-7109
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Byla P, Andersen MH, Holtet TL, Jacobsen H, Munch M, Gad HH, Thøgersen HC, Hartmann R. Selection of a novel and highly specific tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antagonist: insight from the crystal structure of the antagonist-TNFalpha complex. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:12096-100. [PMID: 20179326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.063305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a favorable way of treating several important diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, and psoriasis. Therefore, an extensive range of TNFalpha inhibitory proteins, most of them based upon an antibody scaffold, has been developed and used with variable success as therapeutics. We have developed a novel technology platform using C-type lectins as a vehicle for the creation of novel trimeric therapeutic proteins with increased avidity and unique properties as compared with current protein therapeutics. We chose human TNFalpha as a test target to validate this new technology because of the extensive experience available with protein-based TNFalpha antagonists. Here, we present a novel and highly specific TNFalpha antagonist developed using this technology. Furthermore, we have solved the three-dimensional structure of the antagonist-TNFalpha complex by x-ray crystallography, and this structure is presented here. The structure has given us a unique insight into how the selection procedure works at a molecular level. Surprisingly little change is observed in the C-type lectin-like domain structure outside of the randomized regions, whereas a substantial change is observed within the randomized loops. Thus, the overall integrity of the C-type lectin-like domain is maintained, whereas specificity and binding affinity are changed by the introduction of a number of specific contacts with TNFalpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Byla
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Apostolovic B, Danial M, Klok HA. Coiled coils: attractive protein folding motifs for the fabrication of self-assembled, responsive and bioactive materials. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3541-75. [DOI: 10.1039/b914339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
23
|
Kobayashi S, Fukuhara A, Taguchi T, Matsuda M, Tochino Y, Otsuki M, Shimomura I. Identification of a new secretory factor, CCDC3/Favine, in adipocytes and endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 392:29-35. [PMID: 20043878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system secretes many bioactive factors. In a gene chip database, we searched for novel genes with signal sequences that are specifically expressed in murine aorta, and focused on one gene previously named CCDC3 (NCBI nucleotide entry NM_028804), and we designated as Favine (fat/vessel-derived secretory protein). Northern blot analysis revealed that CCDC3 was expressed abundantly in the aorta and adipose tissues. The mRNA levels of CCDC3 were higher in adipose tissues of obese db/db mice than control mice, and induced during differentiation of rat primary adipocytes. In differentiated adipocytes, CCDC3 mRNA expression was enhanced by insulin and pioglitazone, a PPARgamma agonist, and suppressed by TNF-alpha, isoproterenol and norepinephrine. Transient expression experiments followed by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis revealed secretion of CCDC3 protein into the culture medium, which was dose-dependently reduced by brefeldin A, an inhibitor of Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. When expressed in COS-7 cells, CCDC3 protein was post-transcriptionally modified with N-glycosylation, and formed a dimer complex. These results indicate that CCDC3 is a protein secreted by adipocytes and endothelial cells, and that its level is regulated both hormonally and nutritionally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kobayashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsunezumi J, Higashi S, Miyazaki K. Matrilysin (MMP-7) cleaves C-type lectin domain family 3 member A (CLEC3A) on tumor cell surface and modulates its cell adhesion activity. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:693-702. [PMID: 19173304 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Matrilysin (MMP-7) plays important roles in tumor progression. Previous studies have suggested that MMP-7 binds to tumor cell surface and promotes their metastatic potential. In this study, we identified C-type lectin domain family 3 member A (CLEC3A) as a membrane-bound substrate of MMP-7. Although this protein is known to be expressed specifically in cartilage, its message was found in normal breast and breast cancer tissues as well as breast and colon cancer cell lines. Because few studies have been done on CLEC3A, we overexpressed its recombinant protein in human cancer cells. CLEC3A was found in the cell membrane, extracellular matrix (ECM), and culture medium of the CLEC3A-expressing cells. CLEC3A has a basic sequence in the NH(2)-terminal domain and showed a strong heparin-binding activity. MMP-7 cleaved the 20-kDa CLEC3A protein, dividing it to a 15-kDa COOH-terminal fragment and an NH(2)-terminal fragment with the basic sequence. The 15-kDa fragment no longer had heparin-binding activity. Treatment of the CLEC3A-expressing cells with MMP-7 released the 15-kDa CLEC3A into the culture supernatant. Furthermore, the 20-kDa CLEC3A promoted cell adhesion to laminin-332 and fibronectin substrates, but this activity was abrogated by the cleavage by MMP-7. These results suggest that CLEC3A binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on cell surface, leading to the enhancement of cell adhesion to integrin ligands on ECM. It can be speculated that the cleavage of CLEC3A by MMP-7 weakens the stable adhesion of tumor cells to the matrix and promotes their migration in tumor microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tsunezumi
- Division of Cell Biology, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
UpaG, a new member of the trimeric autotransporter family of adhesins in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:4147-61. [PMID: 18424525 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00122-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Escherichia coli to colonize both intestinal and extraintestinal sites is driven by the presence of specific virulence factors, among which are the autotransporter (AT) proteins. Members of the trimeric AT adhesin family are important virulence factors for several gram-negative pathogens and mediate adherence to eukaryotic cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In this study, we characterized a new trimeric AT adhesin (UpaG) from uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Molecular analysis of UpaG revealed that it is translocated to the cell surface and adopts a multimeric conformation. We demonstrated that UpaG is able to promote cell aggregation and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces in CFT073 and various UPEC strains. In addition, UpaG expression resulted in the adhesion of CFT073 to human bladder epithelial cells, with specific affinity to fibronectin and laminin. Prevalence analysis revealed that upaG is strongly associated with E. coli strains from the B2 and D phylogenetic groups, while deletion of upaG had no significant effect on the ability of CFT073 to colonize the mouse urinary tract. Thus, UpaG is a novel trimeric AT adhesin from E. coli that mediates aggregation, biofilm formation, and adhesion to various ECM proteins.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gourdine JP, Markiv A, Smith-Ravin J. The three-dimensional structure of codakine and related marine C-type lectins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 23:831-9. [PMID: 17493832 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Codakine is a new Ca(2+)-dependent mannose-binding C-type lectin (MBL) isolated from the gill tissue of the tropical clam, Codakia orbicularis. Bioinformatic analyses with the BLAST program have revealed similarities with marine lectins involved in immunity whose three-dimensional (3D) structures were unknown up until recently. In this article, we present bioinformatic analyses of marine lectins that are homologous to codakine, in particular lectins from the sea worm Laxus oneistus, named mermaid. These lectins are involved in the symbiotic association with sulphur-oxidizing bacteria which are closely related to the C. orbicularis gill symbiont. Using homology modelling, folding that is characteristic of C-type lectins was observed in all the marine Ca(2+)-dependent lectins studied, with conservation of random coiled structures of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and Ca(2+)-binding sites. Like codakine, the marine lectins analysed contain a signal peptide commonly found in secreted and transmembrane proteins. The majority of the predictive 3D models established from the lectins exhibit a common feature, namely the involvement in invertebrate and vertebrate immunity (dendritic cell receptor, macrophage receptor, etc.). These bioinformatic analyses and the literature data support the hypothesis that codakine, like the L. oneistus mermaids, is probably involved in the cellular mediation of symbiosis and defence against pathogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Gourdine
- Département de Biologie, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, 97 159, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Noben JP, Dumont D, Kwasnikowska N, Verhaert P, Somers V, Hupperts R, Stinissen P, Robben J. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid proteome in multiple sclerosis: characterization by ultrafiltration, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1647-57. [PMID: 16823972 DOI: 10.1021/pr0504788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (M.S.), often provoke changes in the functioning of the endothelial and epithelial brain barriers and give rise to disease-associated alterations of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome. In the present study, pooled and ultrafiltered CSF of M.S. and non-M.S. patients was digested with trypsin and analyzed by off-line strong cation-exchange chromatography (SCX) coupled to on-line reversed-phase LC-ESI-MS/MS. In an alternative approach, the trypsin-treated subproteomes were analyzed directly by LC-ESI-MS/MS and gas-phase fractionation in the mass spectrometer. Taken together, both proteomic approaches in combination with a three-step evaluation process including the search engines Sequest and Mascot, and the validation software Scaffold, resulted in the identification of 148 proteins. Sixty proteins were identified in CSF for the first time by mass spectrometry. For validation purposes, the concentration of cystatin A was determined in individual CSF and serum samples of M.S. and non-M.S. patients using ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Noben
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hey T, Fiedler E, Rudolph R, Fiedler M. Artificial, non-antibody binding proteins for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Trends Biotechnol 2006; 23:514-22. [PMID: 16054718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Using combinatorial chemistry to generate novel binding molecules based on protein frameworks ('scaffolds') is a concept that has been strongly promoted during the past five years in both academia and industry. Non-antibody recognition proteins derive from different structural families and mimic the binding principle of immunoglobulins to varying degrees. In addition to the specific binding of a pre-defined target, these proteins provide favourable characteristics such as robustness, ease of modification and cost-efficient production. The broad spectrum of potential applications, including research tools, separomics, diagnostics and therapy, has led to the commercial exploitation of this technology by various small- and medium-sized companies. It is predicted that scaffold-based affinity reagents will broaden and complement applications that are presently covered by natural or recombinant antibodies. Here, we provide an overview on current approaches in the biotech industry, considering both scientific and commercial aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hey
- Scil Proteins GmbH, Heinrich-Damerow-Str.1, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Okumura K, Ohno A, Nishida M, Hayashi K, Ikeda K, Inoue S. Mapping the Region of the α-Type Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor Responsible for Its Inhibitory Activity. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:37651-9. [PMID: 16150695 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507250200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
alpha-Type phospholipase A(2) inhibitory protein (PLIalpha) from the serum of the venomous snake Gloydius brevicaudus, GbPLIalpha,isone of the protective endogenous proteins that neutralizes its own venom phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), and it is a homotrimer of subunits having a C-type lectin-like domain. The nonvenomous snake Elaphe quadrivirgata has a homologous serum protein, EqPLIalpha-LP, that does not show any inhibitory activity against various snake venom PLA(2)s (Okumura, K., Inoue, S., Ikeda, K., and Hayashi, K. (2003) IUBMB Life 55, 539-545). By constructing GbPLIalpha-Eq- PLIalpha-LP chimeric proteins, we have mapped the residues important in conferring GbPLIalpha inhibitory activity on region 13-36 in the primary structure of GbPLIalpha. Noninhibitory EqPLIalpha-LP showed comparable inhibitory activity only when this region was replaced with that of GbPLIalpha. Further, mutational analysis of the candidate residues revealed that the individual GbPLIalpha to EqPLIalpha-LP residue substitutions N26K, K28E, D29N, and Y144S each produced a mutant GbPLIalpha protein with reduced inhibitory activity, with the single N26K substitution having the most significant effect. Residues 13-36 were suspected to be located in the helical neck region of the GbPLIalpha trimer. Therefore, the region of GbPLIalpha responsible for PLA(2) inhibition was distinct from the carbohydrate-binding site of the homologous C-type lectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Okumura
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stoevring B, Jaliashvili I, Thougaard AV, Ensinger C, Høgdall CK, Rasmussen LS, Sellebjerg F, Christiansen M. Tetranectin in cerebrospinal fluid: Biochemical characterisation and evidence of intrathecal synthesis or selective uptake into CSF. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 359:65-71. [PMID: 15901484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetranectin (TN) is a 67 kDa glycoprotein thought to play a prominent role in the regulation of proteolytic processes via its binding to plasminogen and indirect activation of plasminogen. The TN concentration in serum is approximately 10 mg/l and is reduced in patients with several cancers. The TN concentration in the normal CSF has not been examined. METHODS The TN concentration in the serum and CSF of 47 normal subjects without neurological disorders was established using a polyclonal sandwich ELISA. RESULTS The median TN concentration (quartile range) was 10.8 mg/l (9.0-12.1) in serum and 0.43 mg/l (0.3-0.53) in CSF. The TN index median (quartile range), defined as (TN CSF concentration/TN serum concentration)/(Albumin CSF concentration/Albumin serum concentration), was found to be 5.5 (4.7-7.6), suggesting intrathecal synthesis or selective uptake of TN in CNS. Immunohistochemistry showed TN immunoreactivity in neurons and dendrites, but no staining in glial cells in the cerebrum and cerebellum. In plexus choroideus, the ependymal cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity. TN in serum and CSF were immunochemically identical and of similar size. CONCLUSION TN is present in normal brain and CSF, and the TN index is very high, but further studies are necessary to decide whether TN is synthesised in the CNS or selectively transported over the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Stoevring
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, Copenhagen DK 2300 S, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lorentsen RH, Fynbo CH, Thøgersen HC, Etzerodt M, Holtet TL. Expression, refolding, and purification of recombinant human granzyme B. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 39:18-26. [PMID: 15596356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Revised: 08/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Granzyme B (GrB) is a member of a family of serine proteases involved in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated killing of potentially harmful cells, where GrB induces apoptosis by cleavage of a limited number of substrates. To investigate the suitability of GrB as an enzyme for specific fusion protein cleavage, two derivatives of human GrB, one dependent on blood coagulation factor Xa (FXa) cleavage for activation and one engineered to be self-activating, were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. Both derivatives contain a hexa-histidine affinity tag fused to the C-terminus and expressed as inclusion bodies. These were isolated and solubilized in guanidiniumHCl, immobilized on a Ni2+-NTA agarose column, and refolded by application of a cyclic refolding protocol. The refolded pro-rGrB-H6 could be converted to a fully active form by cleavage with FXa or, for pro(IEPD)-rGrB-H6, by autocatalytic processing during the final purification step. A self-activating derivative in which the unpaired cysteine of human GrB was substituted with phenylalanine was also prepared. Both rGrB-H6 and the C228F mutant were found to be highly specific and efficient processing enzymes for the cleavage of fusion proteins, as demonstrated by cleavage of fusion proteins containing the IEPD recognition sequence of GrB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke H Lorentsen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paaventhan P, Kong C, Joseph JS, Chung MCM, Kolatkar PR. Structure of rhodocetin reveals noncovalently bound heterodimer interface. Protein Sci 2004; 14:169-75. [PMID: 15576563 PMCID: PMC2253329 DOI: 10.1110/ps.04945605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rhodocetin is a unique heterodimer consisting of alpha- and beta-subunits of 133 and 129 residues, respectively. The molecule, purified from the crude venom of the Malayan pit viper, Calloselasma rhodostoma, functions as an inhibitor of collagen-induced aggregation. Rhodocetin has been shown to have activity only when present as a dimer. The dimer is formed without an intersubunit disulfide bridge, unlike all the other Ca(2+)-dependent lectin-like proteins. We report here the 1.9 A resolution structure of rhodocetin, which reveals the compensatory interactions that occur in the absence of the disulfide bridge to preserve activity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nielbo S, Thomsen JK, Graversen JH, Jensen PH, Etzerodt M, Poulsen FM, Thøgersen HC. Structure of the Plasminogen Kringle 4 Binding Calcium-Free Form of the C-Type Lectin-Like Domain of Tetranectin. Biochemistry 2004; 43:8636-43. [PMID: 15236571 DOI: 10.1021/bi049570s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin is a homotrimeric protein containing a C-type lectin-like domain. This domain (TN3) can bind calcium, but in the absence of calcium, the domain binds a number of kringle-type protein ligands. Two of the calcium-coordinating residues are also critical for binding plasminogen kringle 4 (K4). The structure of the calcium free-form of TN3 (apoTN3) has been determined by NMR. Compared to the structure of the calcium-bound form of TN3 (holoTN3), the core region of secondary structural elements is conserved, while large displacements occur in the loops involved in calcium or K4 binding. A conserved proline, which was found to be in the cis conformation in holoTN3, is in apoTN3 predominantly in the trans conformation. Backbone dynamics indicate that, in apoTN3 especially, two of the three calcium-binding loops and two of the three K4-binding residues exhibit increased flexibility, whereas no such flexibility is observed in holoTN3. In the 20 best nuclear magnetic resonance structures of apoTN3, the residues critical for K4 binding span a large conformational space. Together with the relaxation data, this indicates that the K4-ligand-binding site in apoTN3 is not preformed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steen Nielbo
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Walker JR, Nagar B, Young NM, Hirama T, Rini JM. X-ray crystal structure of a galactose-specific C-type lectin possessing a novel decameric quaternary structure. Biochemistry 2004; 43:3783-92. [PMID: 15049685 DOI: 10.1021/bi035871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rattlesnake venom lectin (RSL) from the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) is an oligomeric galactose-specific C-type lectin. The X-ray crystal structure of RSL, in complex with lactose and thiodigalactoside, at 2.2 and 2.3 A resolution, respectively, reveals a decameric protein composed of two 5-fold symmetric pentamers arranged in a staggered, back-to-back orientation. Each monomer corresponds to a single canonical C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain devoid of accessory domains and is disulfide-bonded to a monomer in the other pentamer. The structure is the first example of that of a carbohydrate complex of a vertebrate galactose-specific C-type lectin. The 10 carbohydrate-binding sites, located on the rim of the decamer, suggest a role for multivalent interactions and a mechanism for RSL's ability to promote receptor cross-linking and cell aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Walker
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jasti J, Paramasivam M, Srinivasan A, Singh TP. Crystal Structure of Echicetin from Echis carinatus (Indian Saw-scaled Viper) at 2.4Å Resolution. J Mol Biol 2004; 335:167-76. [PMID: 14659748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Echicetin is a heterodimeric protein from the venom of the Indian saw-scaled viper, Echis carinatus. It binds to platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) and thus inhibits platelet aggregation. It has two subunits, alpha and beta, consisting of 131 and 123 amino acid residues, respectively. The two chains are linked with a disulphide bond. The level of amino acid sequence homology between two subunits is 50%. The protein was purified from the venom of E.carinatus and crystallized using ammonium sulphate as a precipitant. The crystal structure has been determined at 2.4A resolution and refined to an R-factor of 0.187. Overall dimensions of the heterodimer are approximately 80Ax35Ax35A. The backbone folds of the two subunits are similar. The central portions of the polypeptide chains of alpha and beta-subunits move into each other to form a tight dimeric association. The remaining portions of the chains of both subunits fold in a manner similar to those observed in the carbohydrate-binding domains of C-type lectins. In echicetin, the Ca(2+)-binding sites are not present, despite being topologically equivalent to other similar Ca(2+)-binding proteins of the superfamily. The residues Ser41, Glu43 and Glu47 in the calcium-binding proteins of the related family are conserved but the residues Glu126/120 are replaced by lysine at the corresponding sites in the alpha and beta-subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayasankar Jasti
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, 110 029, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Originally discovered in 1994 by Folkman and coworkers, angiostatin was identified through its antitumor effects in mice and later shown to be a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. An internal fragment of plasminogen, angiostatin consists of kringle domains that are known to be lysine-binding. The crystal structure of angiostatin was the first multikringle domain-containing structure to be published. This review will focus on what is known about the structure of angiostatin and its implications in function from the current literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Martin SL, Branciforte D, Keller D, Bain DL. Trimeric structure for an essential protein in L1 retrotransposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:13815-20. [PMID: 14615577 PMCID: PMC283504 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2336221100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2003] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two proteins are encoded by the mammalian retrotransposon long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1 or L1); both are essential for retrotransposition. The function of the protein encoded by the 5'-most ORF, ORF1p, is incompletely understood, although the ORF1p from mouse L1 is known to bind single-stranded nucleic acids and function as a nucleic acid chaperone. ORF1p self-associates by means of a long coiled-coil domain in the N-terminal region of the protein, and the basic, C-terminal region (C-1/3 domain) contains the nucleic acid binding activity. The full-length and C-1/3 domains of ORF1p were purified to near homogeneity then analyzed by gel filtration chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation. Both proteins were structurally homogeneous and asymmetric in solution, with the full-length version forming a stable trimer and the C-1/3 domain remaining a monomer. Examination of the full-length protein by atomic force microscopy revealed an asymmetric dumbbell shape, congruent with the chromatography and ultracentrifugation results. These structural features are compatible with the nucleic acid binding and chaperone activities of L1 ORF1p and offer further insight into the functions of this unique protein during LINE-1 retrotransposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Martin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Head JF, Mealy TR, McCormack FX, Seaton BA. Crystal structure of trimeric carbohydrate recognition and neck domains of surfactant protein A. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:43254-60. [PMID: 12913002 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m305628200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A), one of four proteins associated with pulmonary surfactant, binds with high affinity to alveolar phospholipid membranes, positioning the protein at the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. SP-A exhibits both calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding, a characteristic of the collectin family, and specific interactions with lipid membrane components. The crystal structure of the trimeric carbohydrate recognition domain and neck domain of SP-A was solved to 2.1-A resolution with multiwavelength anomalous dispersion phasing from samarium. Two metal binding sites were identified, one in the highly conserved lectin site and the other 8.5 A away. The interdomain carbohydrate recognition domain-neck angle is significantly less in SP-A than in the homologous collectins, surfactant protein D, and mannose-binding protein. This conformational difference may endow the SP-A trimer with a more extensive hydrophobic surface capable of binding lipophilic membrane components. The appearance of this surface suggests a putative binding region for membrane-derived SP-A ligands such as phosphatidylcholine and lipid A, the endotoxic lipid component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide that mediates the potentially lethal effects of Gram-negative bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Head
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chuang CC, Chen CY, Yang JM, Lyu PC, Hwang JK. Relationship between protein structures and disulfide-bonding patterns. Proteins 2003; 53:1-5. [PMID: 12945044 DOI: 10.1002/prot.10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We found that that disulfide-bonding patterns can be used to discriminate structure similarity. Our method, based on the hierarchical clustering scheme, is applicable to proteins with two or more disulfide bonds and is able to detect the structural similarities of proteins of low sequence identities (<25%). Our results show the surprisingly close relationship between disulfide-bonding patterns and proteins structures. Our findings should be useful in protein structure modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chun Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shrive AK, Tharia HA, Strong P, Kishore U, Burns I, Rizkallah PJ, Reid KBM, Greenhough TJ. High-resolution structural insights into ligand binding and immune cell recognition by human lung surfactant protein D. J Mol Biol 2003; 331:509-23. [PMID: 12888356 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) can directly interact with carbohydrate residues on pulmonary pathogens and allergens, stimulate immune cells, and manipulate cytokine and chemokine profiles during the immune response in the lungs. Therapeutic administration of rfhSP-D, a recombinant homotrimeric fragment of human SP-D comprising the alpha-helical coiled-coil neck plus three CRDs, protects mice against lung allergy and infection caused by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The high resolution crystal structures of maltose-bound rfhSP-D to 1.4A, and of rfhSP-D to 1.6A, define the fine detail of the mode and nature of carbohydrate recognition and provide insights into how a small fragment of human SP-D can bind to allergens/antigens or whole pathogens, and at the same time recruit and engage effector cells and molecules of humoral immunity. A previously unreported calcium ion, located on the trimeric axis in a pore at the bottom of the funnel formed by the three CRDs and close to the neck-CRD interface, is coordinated by a triad of glutamate residues which are, to some extent, neutralised by their interactions with a triad of exposed lysine residues in the funnel. The spatial relationship between the neck and the CRDs is maintained internally by these lysine residues, and externally by a glutamine, which forms a pair of hydrogen-bonds within an external cleft at each neck-CRD interface. Structural links between the central pore and the cleft suggest a possible effector mechanism for immune cell surface receptor binding in the presence of bound, extended natural lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid ligands. The structural requirements for such an effector mechanism, involving both the trimeric framework for multivalent ligand binding and recognition sites formed from more than one subunit, are present in both native hSP-D and rfhSP-D, providing a possible explanation for the significant biological activity of rfhSP-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Shrive
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, Keele, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Westergaard UB, Andersen MH, Heegaard CW, Fedosov SN, Petersen TE. Tetranectin binds hepatocyte growth factor and tissue-type plasminogen activator. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:1850-4. [PMID: 12694198 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new ligands for the plasminogen kringle 4 binding-protein tetranectin, it has been found by ligand blot analysis and ELISA that tetranectin specifically bound to the plasminogen-like hepatocyte growth factor and tissue-type plasminogen activator. The dissociation constants of these complexes were found to be within the same order of magnitude as the one for the plasminogen-tetranectin complex. The study also revealed that tetranectin did not interact with the kindred proteins: macrophage-stimulating protein, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and prothrombin. In order to examine the function of tetranectin, a kinetic analysis of the tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation was performed. The kinetic parameters of the tetranectin-stimulated enhancement of tPA were comparable to fibrinogen fragments, which are so far the best inducer of tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation. The enhanced activation was suggested to be caused by tetranectin's ability to bind and accumulate tPA in an active conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uffe B Westergaard
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shagin DA, Barsova EV, Bogdanova E, Britanova OV, Gurskaya N, Lukyanov KA, Matz MV, Punkova NI, Usman NY, Kopantzev EP, Salo E, Lukyanov SA. Identification and characterization of a new family of C-type lectin-like genes from planaria Girardia tigrina. Glycobiology 2002; 12:463-72. [PMID: 12145187 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwf056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel family of C-type lectin-like genes, denoted multidomain free lectin (MDFL), was identified in the freshwater planaria Girardia (Dugesia) tigrina. We cloned several genes that encode proteins comprising a signal peptide and a number of consecutive C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) interconnected by short linker stretches. Analyses of genomic organization, CTLD amino acid sequences, and the overall architecture of these proteins indicate that planarian proteins are a separate family of C-type lectin-like proteins. These genes are expressed in specifically differentiated gland cells of planaria and the corresponding proteins are excreted as components of the planarian body surface mucus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Shagin
- Shemiakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117871 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Natarajan K, Dimasi N, Wang J, Mariuzza RA, Margulies DH. Structure and function of natural killer cell receptors: multiple molecular solutions to self, nonself discrimination. Annu Rev Immunol 2002; 20:853-85. [PMID: 11861620 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to T cell receptors, signal transducing cell surface membrane molecules involved in the regulation of responses by cells of the innate immune system employ structures that are encoded in the genome rather than generated by somatic recombination and that recognize either classical MHC-I molecules or their structural relatives (such as MICA, RAE-1, or H-60). Considerable progress has recently been made in our understanding of molecular recognition by such molecules based on the determination of their three-dimensional structure, either in isolation or in complex with their MHC-I ligands. Those best studied are the receptors that are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, but others are found on populations of T cells and other hematopoietic cells. These molecules fall into two major structural classes, those of the immunoglobulin superfamily (KIRs and LIRs) and of the C-type lectin-like family (Ly49, NKG2D, and CD94/NKG2). Here we summarize, in a functional context, the structures of the murine and human molecules that have recently been determined, with emphasis on how they bind different regions of their MHC-I ligands, and how this allows the discrimination of tumor or virus-infected cells from normal cells of the host.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1
- Macromolecular Substances
- Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Structure
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR
- Receptors, KIR2DL1
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Self Tolerance
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Natarajan
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu X, Gilpin B, Iba K, Maier A, Engvall E, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM. Tetranectin in slow intra- and extrafusal chicken muscle fibers. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2002; 22:121-32. [PMID: 11519735 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010377325382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin is a C-type lectin that occurs in the mammalian musculoskeletal system. In the present report we describe the first studies on an avian tetranectin. A full-length chicken tetranectin cDNA was isolated. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of chicken tetranectin with mouse and human tetranectin showed an identity of 67 and 68%, respectively. Northern blot analysis demonstrated broad expression of chicken tetranectin mRNA, which was first detected on embryonic day 4. Tetranectin protein was detected in chicken serum and egg yolk. Since muscle is one of few tissues in which tetranectin protein is retained, we examined the distribution of tetranectin in various muscle types in chicken. Myofibers strongly positive for tetranectin were observed in several muscles including m. tibialis ant. and m. sartorius (from embryonic day 10 to adult). Using antibodies to fast and slow myosin heavy chains (MHC) and double immunostaining techniques, we found that tetranectin was restricted to slow (type I) muscle fibers. Similarly only slow intrafusal fibers accumulated tetranectin. The pattern of immunostaining in chickens differs markedly from that seen in mouse muscles, indicating that tetranectin performs a role in muscle that is not associated with a hitherto recognized muscle type or function.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence/genetics
- Animals
- Blood Proteins/genetics
- Blood Proteins/metabolism
- Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics
- Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Chick Embryo
- Chickens/anatomy & histology
- Chickens/growth & development
- Chickens/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Drosophila Proteins/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Spindles/cytology
- Muscle Spindles/growth & development
- Muscle Spindles/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/embryology
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hatakeyama T, Matsuo N, Shiba K, Nishinohara S, Yamasaki N, Sugawara H, Aoyagi H. Amino acid sequence and carbohydrate-binding analysis of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific C-type lectin, CEL-I, from the Holothuroidea, Cucumaria echinata. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66:157-63. [PMID: 11866098 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.66.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CEL-I is one of the Ca2+-dependent lectins that has been isolated from the sea cucumber, Cucumaria echinata. This protein is composed of two identical subunits held by a single disulfide bond. The complete amino acid sequence of CEL-I was determined by sequencing the peptides produced by proteolytic fragmentation of S-pyridylethylated CEL-I. A subunit of CEL-I is composed of 140 amino acid residues. Two intrachain (Cys3-Cys14 and Cys31-Cys135) and one interchain (Cys36) disulfide bonds were also identified from an analysis of the cystine-containing peptides obtained from the intact protein. The similarity between the sequence of CEL-I and that of other C-type lectins was low, while the C-terminal region, including the putative Ca2+ and carbohydrate-binding sites, was relatively well conserved. When the carbohydrate-binding activity was examined by a solid-phase microplate assay, CEL-I showed much higher affinity for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine than for other galactose-related carbohydrates. The association constant of CEL-I for p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide (NP-GalNAc) was determined to be 2.3 x 10(4) M(-1), and the maximum number of bound NP-GalNAc was estimated to be 1.6 by an equilibrium dialysis experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Hatakeyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Iba K, Durkin ME, Johnsen L, Hunziker E, Damgaard-Pedersen K, Zhang H, Engvall E, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM. Mice with a targeted deletion of the tetranectin gene exhibit a spinal deformity. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:7817-25. [PMID: 11604516 PMCID: PMC99951 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.22.7817-7825.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetranectin is a plasminogen-binding, homotrimeric protein belonging to the C-type lectin family of proteins. Tetranectin has been suggested to play a role in tissue remodeling, due to its ability to stimulate plasminogen activation and its expression in developing tissues such as developing bone and muscle. To test the functional role of tetranectin directly, we have generated mice with a targeted disruption of the gene. We report that the tetranectin-deficient mice exhibit kyphosis, a type of spinal deformity characterized by an increased curvature of the thoracic spine. The kyphotic angles were measured on radiographs. In 6-month-old normal mice (n = 27), the thoracic angle was 73 degrees +/- 2 degrees, while in tetranectin-deficient 6-month-old mice (n = 35), it was 93 degrees +/- 2 degrees (P < 0.0001). In approximately one-third of the mutant mice, X-ray analysis revealed structural changes in the morphology of the vertebrae. Histological analysis of the spines of these mice revealed an apparently asymmetric development of the growth plate and of the intervertebral disks of the vertebrae. In the most advanced cases, the growth plates appeared disorganized and irregular, with the disk material protruding through the growth plate. Tetranectin-null mice had a normal peak bone mass density and were not more susceptible to ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis than were their littermates as determined by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry scanning. These results demonstrate that tetranectin plays a role in tissue growth and remodeling. The tetranectin-deficient mouse is the first mouse model that resembles common human kyphotic disorders, which affect up to 8% of the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Iba
- The Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grégoire C, Marco S, Thimonier J, Duplan L, Laurine E, Chauvin JP, Michel B, Peyrot V, Verdier JM. Three-dimensional structure of the lithostathine protofibril, a protein involved in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 2001; 20:3313-21. [PMID: 11432819 PMCID: PMC125531 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.13.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the presence of filamentous aggregates of proteins. We previously established that lithostathine is a protein overexpressed in the pre-clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, it is present in the pathognomonic lesions associated with Alzheimer's disease. After self-proteolysis, the N-terminally truncated form of lithostathine leads to the formation of fibrillar aggregates. Here we observed using atomic force microscopy that these aggregates consisted of a network of protofibrils, each of which had a twisted appearance. Electron microscopy and image analysis showed that this twisted protofibril has a quadruple helical structure. Three-dimensional X-ray structural data and the results of biochemical experiments showed that when forming a protofibril, lithostathine was first assembled via lateral hydrophobic interactions into a tetramer. Each tetramer then linked up with another tetramer as the result of longitudinal electrostatic interactions. All these results were used to build a structural model for the lithostathine protofibril called the quadruple-helical filament (QHF-litho). In conclusion, lithostathine strongly resembles the prion protein in its dramatic proteolysis and amyloid proteins in its ability to form fibrils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Grégoire
- UMR CNRS 6032, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université de Tours, UPRES EA 32-90, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Physiologie du Développement, IBDM, Marseille and Unité de Neurogériatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Sergio Marco
- UMR CNRS 6032, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université de Tours, UPRES EA 32-90, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Physiologie du Développement, IBDM, Marseille and Unité de Neurogériatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Jean Thimonier
- UMR CNRS 6032, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université de Tours, UPRES EA 32-90, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Physiologie du Développement, IBDM, Marseille and Unité de Neurogériatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Laure Duplan
- UMR CNRS 6032, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université de Tours, UPRES EA 32-90, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Physiologie du Développement, IBDM, Marseille and Unité de Neurogériatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Emmanuelle Laurine
- UMR CNRS 6032, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université de Tours, UPRES EA 32-90, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Physiologie du Développement, IBDM, Marseille and Unité de Neurogériatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Jean-Paul Chauvin
- UMR CNRS 6032, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université de Tours, UPRES EA 32-90, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Physiologie du Développement, IBDM, Marseille and Unité de Neurogériatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Bernard Michel
- UMR CNRS 6032, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université de Tours, UPRES EA 32-90, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Physiologie du Développement, IBDM, Marseille and Unité de Neurogériatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Vincent Peyrot
- UMR CNRS 6032, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université de Tours, UPRES EA 32-90, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Physiologie du Développement, IBDM, Marseille and Unité de Neurogériatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- UMR CNRS 6032, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université de Tours, UPRES EA 32-90, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Physiologie du Développement, IBDM, Marseille and Unité de Neurogériatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France Corresponding author e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
McCormack FX. Functional mapping of surfactant protein A. PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2001; 20:293-318. [PMID: 11486735 DOI: 10.1080/15513810109168823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a highly ordered, oligomeric glycoprotein that is secreted into the airspaces of the lung by alveolar type II cells and Clara cells of the pulmonary epithelium. Although research has shown that SP-A is both a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that affects surfactant structure and function and a lectin that opsonizes diverse microbial species, our understanding of the physiologically relevant roles of SP-A in the lung remains incomplete. My review focuses on the putative biological functions of SP-A that are supported by experiments in mammals and on the structural basis of SP-A function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F X McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Case Medicine, Univ. of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0564, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Thougaard AV, Jaliashvili I, Christiansen M. Tetranectin-like protein in vertebrate serum: a comparative immunochemical analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 128:625-34. [PMID: 11290444 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(00)00329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein tetranectin (TN) found in human serum is a 90-kDa homotrimeric C-type lectin binding Ca2+, heparin and plasminogen kringle 4. TN is suggested as being implicated in tissue remodelling. The antigenic reactivity of putative TN was examined in serum from 14 different animal species using three sandwich enzyme immunoassays for human TN. Crab-eating macaque serum showed the strongest reaction, followed by horse and cat. Serum from cow, goat, pig, mouse and chicken reacted weakly, while dog, trout, and the amphibian and the reptile species did not react. The TN-like protein from macaque, horse and cat serum bound heparin and showed the same dependence on Ca2+ for interaction with the monoclonal antibodies as human TN. Gel filtration of sera from the three animal species showed that the TN-like protein eluted as single peaks with a M(r) of 70-90 kDa. Western blotting of horse and cat TN-like protein electrophoresed under reducing conditions showed that the antibodies against human TN reacted with a single band with an approximate M(r) of 30 kDa, indicating that the TN-like protein is also a homotrimer. Horse and cat TN-like protein interacted with human kringle 4-sepharose. Most likely, the reacting protein represents crab-eating macaque, horse and cat homologues of human TN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Thougaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300 S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Graversen JH, Jacobsen C, Sigurskjold BW, Lorentsen RH, Moestrup SK, Thogersen HC, Etzerodt M. Mutational analysis of affinity and selectivity of kringle-tetranectin interaction. Grafting novel kringle affinity ontp the trtranectin lectin scaffold. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:37390-6. [PMID: 10964919 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004873200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin-like domains are found in many proteins, where they mediate binding to a wide diversity of compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The binding of a C-type lectin-like domain to a ligand is often influenced by calcium. Recently, we have identified a site in the C-type lectin-like domain of tetranectin, involving Lys-148, Glu-150, and Asp-165, which mediates calcium-sensitive binding to plasminogen kringle 4. Here, we investigate the effect of conservative substitutions of these and a neighboring amino acid residue. Substitution of Thr-149 in tetranectin with a tyrosine residue considerably increases the affinity for plasminogen kringle 4, and, in addition, confers affinity for plasminogen kringle 2. As shown by isothermal titration calorimetry analysis, this new interaction is stronger than the binding of wild-type tetranectin to plasminogen kringle 4. This study provides further insight into molecular determinants of importance for binding selectivity and affinity of C-type lectin kringle interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Graversen
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology and the Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|