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Nelogi SY, Patil AK, Chowdhary R. Enhancing bone tissue engineering using iron nanoparticles and magnetic fields: A focus on cytomechanics and angiogenesis in the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane model. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2024; 24:175-185. [PMID: 38650343 PMCID: PMC11129814 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_440_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the potential of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) in conjunction with magnetic fields (MFs) to enhance osteoblast cytomechanics, promote cell homing, bone development activity, and antibacterial capabilities, and to assess their in vivo angiogenic viability using the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Experimental study conducted in a laboratory setting to investigate the effects of FeNPs and MFs on osteoblast cells and angiogenesis using a custom titanium (Ti) substrate coated with FeNPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A custom titanium (Ti) was coated with FeNPs. Evaluations were conducted to analyze the antibacterial properties, cell adhesion, durability, physical characteristics, and nanoparticle absorption associated with FeNPs. Cell physical characteristics were assessed using protein markers, and microscopy, CAM model, was used to quantify blood vessel formation and morphology to assess the FeNP-coated Ti's angiogenic potential. This in vivo study provided critical insights into tissue response and regenerative properties for biomedical applications. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate tests to compare experimental groups and controls. Significance was determined at P < 0.05. RESULTS FeNPs and MFs notably improved osteoblast cell mechanical properties facilitated the growth and formation of new blood vessels and bone tissue and promoted cell migration to targeted sites. In the group treated with FeNPs and exposed to MFs, there was a significant increase in vessel percentage area (76.03%) compared to control groups (58.11%), along with enhanced mineralization and robust antibacterial effects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study highlights the promising potential of FeNPs in fostering the growth of new blood vessels, promoting the formation of bone tissue, and facilitating targeted cell migration. These findings underscore the importance of further investigating the mechanical traits of FeNPs, as they could significantly advance the development of effective bone tissue engineering techniques, ultimately enhancing clinical outcomes in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Yamanappa Nelogi
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Anand Kumar Patil
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLEVK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Chowdhary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
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Enhancement of Osteoblast Differentiation Using No-Ozone Cold Plasma on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111542. [PMID: 34829771 PMCID: PMC8615272 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that leads to periodontal tissue destruction and bone resorption. Proliferation and differentiation of cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts is important for reconstructing periodontal tissues destroyed by periodontitis. In this study, the effects of the nozone (no-ozone) cold plasma (NCP) treatment on osteoblastic differentiation in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were investigated. To test the toxicity of NCP on PDL cells, various NCP treatment methods and durations were tested, and time-dependent cell proliferation was analyzed using a water-soluble tetrazolium salts-1 assay. To determine the effect of NCP on PDL cell differentiation, the cells were provided with osteogenic media immediately after an NCP treatment to induce differentiation; the cells were then analyzed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, an ALP activity assay, real time PCR, and Alizarin Red S staining. The NCP treatment without toxicity on PDL cells was the condition of 1-min NCP treatment immediately followed by the replacement with fresh media. NCP increased ALP, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin expression, as well as mineralization nodule formation. NCP treatment promotes osteoblastic differentiation of PDL cells; therefore, it may be beneficial for treating periodontitis.
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Wu Y, Zhu T, Yang Y, Gao H, Shu C, Chen Q, Yang J, Luo X, Wang Y. Irradiation with red light-emitting diode enhances proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1535-1543. [PMID: 33719020 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-energy red light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). PDLSCs were derived from human periodontal ligament tissues of premolars and were irradiated with 0 (control group), 1, 3, or 5 J/cm2 red LED in osteogenic induction medium. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Osteogenic differentiation activity was evaluated by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. Osteoblast-associated proteins (Runx2, OCN, OPN, and BSP) were detected using western blotting. The results of the MTT assay indicated that PDLSCs in the irradiation groups exhibited a higher proliferation rate than those in the control group (P < 0.05). ALP results showed that after 7 days of illumination, only 5 J/cm2 promoted the expression of ALP of PDLSCs. However, after 14 days of illumination, the irradiation treatments did not increase ALP activity. The results of alizarin red staining showed that red LED promoted osteogenic differentiation of the PDLSCs. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results demonstrated that red LED upregulated the expression levels of osteogenic genes. Expression of the proteins BSP, OPN, OCN, and Runx2 in the irradiation groups was higher than that in the control group. Our results confirmed that low-energy red LED at 1, 3, and 5 J/cm2 promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China.,West China-Guang'an Hospital, Sichuan University, Guang'an, 638550, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yan Tai, 264000, China
| | - Yaoyao Yang
- Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zun Yi, 563000, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yan Tai, 264000, China
| | - Chunxia Shu
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China.
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4
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Bu T, Zheng J, Liu L, Li S, Wu J. Milk proteins and their derived peptides on bone health: Biological functions, mechanisms, and prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2234-2262. [PMID: 33522110 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ under constant metabolism (or remodeling), where a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation is maintained. Disruption of this coordinated bone remodeling results in bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, the most common bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Epidemiological and clinical evidence support that consumption of dairy products is beneficial for bone health; this benefit is often attributed to the presence of calcium, the physiological contributions of milk proteins on bone metabolism, however, are underestimated. Emerging evidence highlighted that not only milk proteins (including individual milk proteins) but also their derived peptides positively regulate bone remodeling and attenuate bone loss, via the regulation of cellular markers and signaling of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This article aims to review current knowledge about the roles of milk proteins, with an emphasis on individual milk proteins, bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins, and effect of milk processing in particular fermentation, on bone metabolism, to highlight the potential uses of milk proteins in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and, to discuss the knowledge gap and to recommend future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiexia Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wu
- ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Marycz K, Sobierajska P, Wiglusz RJ, Idczak R, Nedelec JM, Fal A, Kornicka-Garbowska K. <p>Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Magnetic Nanoparticles Under Static Magnetic Field Improve Osteogenesis via RUNX-2 and Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis by the Induction of Apoptosis</p>. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10127-10148. [PMID: 36213447 PMCID: PMC9537728 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s256542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marycz
- The Department of Experimental Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Wroclaw50-375, Poland
- Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw01-938, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Malin55-114, Poland
- Correspondence: Krzysztof Marycz The Department of Experimental Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Norwida 27B, Wrocław50-375, PolandTel +48 71 320 5201 Email
| | - Paulina Sobierajska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw50-422, Poland
| | - Rafał J Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw50-422, Poland
| | - Rafał Idczak
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw50-950, Poland
| | - Jean-Marie Nedelec
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrzej Fal
- Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw01-938, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kornicka-Garbowska
- The Department of Experimental Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Wroclaw50-375, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Malin55-114, Poland
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Wang M, Ge X, Zheng Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Lin Y. Microarray analysis reveals that lncRNA PWRN1-209 promotes human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation on microtopography titanium surface in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2889-2902. [PMID: 32447825 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) titanium (Ti) with microtopography is currently one of the most widely used implant materials to accelerate osseointegration. Numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in bone remodeling, with their role in osseointegration, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, microarrays of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs during early cell differentiation stages (0-7 days) on SLA Ti and polished Ti surfaces. The function of lncRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was identified by RNA silencing and overexpression assays. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect RNA and protein expression. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) protein activity was tested by ALP staining. Altogether, 4112 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified from day 0 to day 7 on SLA Ti with a novel lncRNA, Prader-willi region non-coding RNA 1-209 (PWRN1-209) upregulated. We then proved that PWRN1-209 promoted osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs by genetic tools. The upregulation of PWRN1-209 was further confirmed to be related to the surface topography of Ti by comparing SLA Ti and polished Ti. Interestingly, this trend seems to have a certain correlation with the mRNA expression level of integrins (α2, αV, β1, β2) and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Taken together, the lncRNA PWRN1-209 was upregulated by the SLA microtopography Ti surface, which may regulate osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through integrin-FAK-ALP signaling. Our results provide new insights into the relationship between surface topography and osseointergration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Wang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyuan Ge
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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7
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Huang WS, Chu IM. Injectable polypeptide hydrogel/inorganic nanoparticle composites for bone tissue engineering. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210285. [PMID: 30629660 PMCID: PMC6328128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The general concept of tissue engineering is to restore biological function by replacing defective tissues with implantable, biocompatible, and easily handleable cell-laden scaffolds. In this study, osteoinductive and osteoconductive super paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles were incorporated into a di-block copolymer based thermo-responsive hydrogel, methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-polyalanine (mPA), at various concentrations to afford composite, injectable hydrogels. Incorporating nanoparticles into the thermo-responsive hydrogel increased the complex viscosity and decreased the gelation temperature of the starting hydrogel. Functionally, the integration of inorganic nanoparticles modulated bio-markers of bone differentiation and enhanced bone mineralization. Moreover, this study adopted the emerging method of using either a supplementary static magnetic field (SMF) or a moving magnetic field to elicit biological response. These results demonstrate that combining external (magnet) and internal (scaffold) magnetisms is a promising approach for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Keasey MP, Jia C, Pimentel LF, Sante RR, Lovins C, Hagg T. Blood vitronectin is a major activator of LIF and IL-6 in the brain through integrin-FAK and uPAR signaling. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.202580. [PMID: 29222114 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We defined how blood-derived vitronectin (VTN) rapidly and potently activates leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) in vitro and after vascular injury in the brain. Treatment with VTN (but not fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin-111 or collagen-I) substantially increased LIF and IL-6 within 4 h in C6-astroglioma cells, while VTN-/- mouse plasma was less effective than that from wild-type mice. LIF and IL-6 were induced by intracerebral injection of recombinant human (rh)VTN in mice, but induction seen upon intracerebral hemorrhage was less in VTN-/- mice than in wild-type littermates. In vitro, VTN effects were inhibited by RGD, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin-blocking peptides and antibodies. VTN activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK; also known as PTK2), whereas pharmacological- or siRNA-mediated inhibition of FAK, but not PYK2, reduced the expression of LIF and IL-6 in C6 and endothelial cells and after traumatic cell injury. Dominant-negative FAK (Y397F) reduced the amount of injury-induced LIF and IL-6. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of uPAR (also known as PLAUR), which binds VTN, also reduced cytokine expression, possibly through a common target of uPAR and integrins. We propose that VTN leakage into tissues promotes inflammation. Integrin-FAK signaling is therefore a novel IL-6 and LIF regulation mechanism relevant to the inflammation and stem cell fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Keasey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Cuihong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Lylyan F Pimentel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,Keizo Asami Laboratory (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Richard R Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Chiharu Lovins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Theo Hagg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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9
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Zhou Q, Yu BH, Liu WC, Wang ZL. BM-MSCs and Bio-Oss complexes enhanced new bone formation during maxillary sinus floor augmentation by promoting differentiation of BM-MSCs. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:757-71. [PMID: 27251156 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been recognized as a new strategy for maxillary sinus floor elevation. However, little is known concerning the effect of the biomechanical pressure (i.e., sinus pressure, masticatory pressure, and respiration) on the differentiation of BM-MSCs and the formation of new bone during maxillary sinus floor elevation. The differentiation of BM-MSCs into osteoblasts was examined in vitro under cyclic compressive pressure using the Flexcell® pressure system, and by immunohistochemical analysis, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. Micro-CT was used to detect bone formation and allow image reconstruction of the entire maxillary sinus floor elevation area. Differentiation of BM-MSCs into osteoblasts was significantly increased under cyclic compressive pressure. The formation of new bone was enhanced after implantation of the pressured complex of BM-MSCs and Bio-Oss during maxillary sinus floor elevation. The pressured complex of BM-MSCs and Bio-Oss promoted new bone formation and maturation in the rabbit maxillary sinus. Stem cell therapy combined with this tissue engineering technique could be effectively used in maxillary sinus elevation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Implant Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, 399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Han Yu
- Department of Implant Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, 399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Cai Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Lin Wang
- Department of Implant Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, 399 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Nishide Y, Tousen Y, Tadaishi M, Inada M, Miyaura C, Kruger MC, Ishimi Y. Combined Effects of Soy Isoflavones and β-Carotene on Osteoblast Differentiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13750-61. [PMID: 26516892 PMCID: PMC4661612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones, genistein, daidzein and its metabolite equol, as well as β-carotene have been reported to be effective for maintaining bone health. However, it remains to be elucidated whether combining soy isoflavones with β-carotene is beneficial to bone formation. This study investigated the combined effect of soy isoflavones and β-carotene on the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cells. Daidzein and genistein alone did not affect cell growth but increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Beta-carotene alone inhibited cell growth and markedly enhanced ALP activity. Soy isoflavones combined with β-carotene resulted in higher ALP activity than treatment with isoflavones or β-carotene alone. We observed significant main effects of β-carotene on the enhanced expression of Runx2, ALP, and ostepontin mRNA, whereas there was a significant main effect of soy isoflavones on the expression of osterix mRNA. To investigate how β-carotene affected osteoblast differentiation, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) pan-antagonist combined with β-carotene. Osteopontin and ALP mRNA expression levels, which were increased following treatment with β-carotene, were significantly suppressed by the RAR pan-antagonist. This suggests treatment with β-carotene enhanced early osteoblastic differentiation, at least in part via RAR signaling. These results indicate that a combination of isoflavones and β-carotene may be useful for maintaining a positive balance of bone turnover by inducing osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Nishide
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Yuko Tousen
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Miki Tadaishi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Masaki Inada
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
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11
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Maeda S, Tsuda E, Mizukami H, Yamamoto Y, Inaba W, Sasaki N, Ishibashi Y. Histological evaluation of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE ARTHROSCOPY REHABILITATION AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 2:56-62. [PMID: 29264241 PMCID: PMC5730637 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The clinical use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) was recently evaluated in cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum (elbow OCD). However, the mechanism underlying the effect of LIPUS in elbow OCD is not well understood. The aim of this study was to histopathologically evaluate the effect of LIPUS irradiation on elbow OCD. Methods Fifteen patients with elbow OCD were enrolled in this study. All patients were juvenile baseball players (average age, 13.1 years). LIPUS was performed under the same conditions as the fracture treatment for an average length of 15.1 days in the preoperative period in seven patients (LIPUS group). Cylindrical tissue specimens obtained at the time of surgery were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and alcian blue, and were also immunostained to detect type 1 collagen (Col-1), osteopontin (OPN), and Runx2. The state of the cartilage and subchondral bone and expression levels of Col-1, OPN, and Runx2 were evaluated with a semiquantitative grading system by a blinded pathologist. Histological and immunohistological findings in both groups were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results Both groups showed reparative tissue and cartilaginous metaplasia at the separation level near the subchondral bone; Col-1 was expressed in the reparative tissue. Furthermore, OPN and Runx2 were expressed in the interstitial cells near the separation level. The cartilage and subchondral bone findings in histological evaluations did not differ significantly between the LIPUS and control groups. The distribution of OPN expression levels in the two groups was as follows: Grade 0-LIPUS group, zero patients, and control group, five patients; Grade 1-LIPUS group and control group, two patients each; Grade 2-LIPUS group, five patients and control group, one patient; Grade 3-LIPUS group, one patient and control group, zero patients. OPN expression was significantly higher in the LIPUS group than in the control group (p = 0.04). Conclusion LIPUS stimulation increased the expression levels of OPN in elbow OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Inaba
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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12
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Abstract
Biomineralization is a complex process in the development of mineralized tissues such as bone and pathological calcifications such as atherosclerotic plaques, kidney stones and gout. Osteopontin (OPN), an anionic phosphoprotein, is expressed in mineralizing tissues and has previously been demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of hydroxyapatite formation. The OPN-deficient (Opn-/-) mouse displays a hypermineralized bone phenotype starting at 12 weeks postnatally. By isolating and culturing Opn-/- and wild-type (WT) osteoblasts, we sought to determine the role of OPN and two of its functional peptides in osteoblast development and mineralization. Opn-/- osteoblasts had significantly increased mineral deposition relative to their WT counterparts, with no physiologically relevant change in gene expression of osteogenic markers. Supplementation with bovine milk OPN (mOPN) led to a dramatic reduction in mineral deposition by the Opn-/- osteoblasts. Treatment with OPN-derived peptides corresponding to phosphorylated OPN-(220-235) (P3) and non-phosphorylated OPN-(65-80) (OPAR) also rescued the hypermineralization phenotype of Opn-/- osteogenic cultures. Supplementation with mOPN or the OPN-derived peptides did not alter the expression of terminal osteogenic markers. These data suggest that OPN plays an important role in the regulation of biomineralization, but that OPN does not appear to affect osteoblast cell development in vitro.
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Yadav MC, Huesa C, Narisawa S, Hoylaerts MF, Moreau A, Farquharson C, Millán JL. Ablation of osteopontin improves the skeletal phenotype of phospho1(-/-) mice. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2369-81. [PMID: 24825455 PMCID: PMC5247257 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PHOSPHO1 and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) have nonredundant functions during skeletal mineralization. Although TNAP deficiency (Alpl(-/-) mice) leads to hypophosphatasia, caused by accumulation of the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi ), comparably elevated levels of PPi in Phospho1(-/-) mice do not explain their stunted growth, spontaneous fractures, bowed long bones, osteomalacia, and scoliosis. We have previously shown that elevated PPi in Alpl(-/-) mice is accompanied by elevated osteopontin (OPN), another potent mineralization inhibitor, and that the amount of OPN correlates with the severity of hypophosphatasia in mice. Here we demonstrate that plasma OPN is elevated and OPN expression is upregulated in the skeleton, particularly in the vertebrae, of Phospho1(-/-) mice. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry showed an increased proportion of phosphorylated OPN (p-OPN) peptides in Phospho1(-/-) mice, suggesting that accumulation of p-OPN causes the skeletal abnormalities in Phospho1(-/-) mice. We also show that ablation of the OPN gene, Spp1, leads to improvements in the skeletal phenotype in Phospho1(-/-) as they age. In particular, their scoliosis is ameliorated at 1 month of age and is completely rescued at 3 months of age. There is also improvement in the long bone defects characteristic of Phospho1(-/-) mice at 3 months of age. Mineralization assays comparing [Phospho1(-/-) ; Spp1(-/-) ], Phospho1(-/-) , and Spp1(-/-) chondrocytes display corrected mineralization by the double knockout cells. Expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers was also normalized in the [Phospho1(-/-) ; Spp1(-/-) ] mice. Thus, although Alpl and Phospho1 deficiencies lead to similar skeletal phenotypes and comparable changes in the expression levels of PPi and OPN, there is a clear dissociation in the hierarchical roles of these potent inhibitors of mineralization, with elevated PPi and elevated p-OPN levels causing the respective skeletal phenotypes in Alpl(-/-) and Phospho1(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha C Yadav
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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14
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APrunus mumeExtract Stimulated the Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1907-11. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Stanford SM, Ahmed V, Barrios AM, Bottini N. Cellular biochemistry methods for investigating protein tyrosine phosphatases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2160-78. [PMID: 24294920 PMCID: PMC3995294 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of proteins that play critical roles in cellular signaling and influence many aspects of human health and disease. Although a wealth of information has been collected about PTPs since their discovery, many questions regarding their regulation and function still remain. CRITICAL ISSUES Of particular importance are the elucidation of the biological substrates of individual PTPs and understanding of the chemical and biological basis for temporal and spatial resolution of PTP activity within a cell. RECENT ADVANCES Drawing from recent advances in both biology and chemistry, innovative approaches have been developed to study the intracellular biochemistry and physiology of PTPs. We provide a summary of PTP-tailored techniques and approaches, emphasizing methodologies to study PTP activity within a cellular context. We first provide a discussion of methods for identifying PTP substrates, including substrate-trapping mutants and synthetic peptide libraries for substrate selectivity profiling. We next provide an overview of approaches for monitoring intracellular PTP activity, including a discussion of mechanistic-based probes, gel-based assays, substrates that can be used intracellularly, and assays tied to cell growth. Finally, we review approaches used for monitoring PTP oxidation, a key regulatory pathway for these enzymes, discussing the biotin switch method and variants of this approach, along with affinity trapping techniques and probes designed to detect PTP oxidation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further development of approaches to investigate the intracellular PTP activity and functions will provide specific insight into their mechanisms of action and control of diverse signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Stanford
- 1 Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, California
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16
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Sista S, Wen C, Hodgson PD, Pande G. Expression of cell adhesion and differentiation related genes in MC3T3 osteoblasts plated on titanium alloys: role of surface properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1573-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Mosig RA, Martignetti JA. Loss of MMP-2 in murine osteoblasts upregulates osteopontin and bone sialoprotein expression in a circuit regulating bone homeostasis. Dis Model Mech 2012; 6:397-403. [PMID: 22917927 PMCID: PMC3597021 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.007914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicentric osteolysis with arthropathy (MOA; MIM 605156) is an inherited osteolyses and arthritis syndrome resulting from loss of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). We recently demonstrated that Mmp2–/– mice represent a unique model for the study of the human disease, sharing many features of the human syndrome including skeletal dysplasia and defects in osteoblast behavior. We therefore sought to explore the secondary molecular effects of MMP-2 loss, which coexist with the underlying skeletal and osteoblast phenotypes. We used quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure osteoblast-related gene expression through ex vivo osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) from Mmp2−/− and Mmp2+/+ mice. We used western blot to measure osteopontin (OPN) serum levels and immunohistochemical staining to examine bone expression. MMP-2 expression was inhibited in SaOS2 cells using siRNA, and decreased MMP-2 expression at both RNA and protein levels was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Mmp2−/− BMSC induced to differentiate into osteoblasts were shown to significantly upregulate OPN and bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression levels compared with controls. Transcriptional upregulation was maintained in vivo, as demonstrated by increased levels of OPN in serum and bone in Mmp2−/− mice. These effects are generalizable because siRNA-mediated inhibition in cultured cells also upregulated OPN and BSP. OPN and BSP are known to affect MMP-2 expression and activity but have not previously been shown to be regulated by MMP-2. Identification of this newly defined circuitry provides insight into the potential molecular landscape underlying the MOA phenotype and highlights a pathway that might play a role in normal bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Mosig
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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18
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Zhu F, Shen F, Fan Y, Xie Y, Xia Y, Kong Y. Osteopontin increases the expression of β1, 4-galactosyltransferase-I and promotes adhesion in human RL95-2 cells. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:347-56. [PMID: 22847114 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta1, 4-Galactosyltransferase-I (β1, 4-GalT-I), which transfers galactose from UDP-Gal to N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine-terminated oligosaccharides of N- and O-linked glycans in a β(1-4) linkage, plays a critical role in cell adhesion, sperm-egg recognition, neurite growth, and tumor cell migration and invasion. Our previously experiments also show that β1, 4-GalT-I was up-regulated by estrogens and some important cytokines of embryo implantation especially Interleukin-1 (IL-1), TGF-α and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) in endometrial cells. In the receptive phase human uterus, osteopontin (OPN) is the most highly up-regulated extracellular matrix/adhesion molecule/cytokine. In this study, we demonstrated the correlated expression of OPN and β1, 4-GalT-I in endometrium during early pregnancy, and recombinant human OPN (rhOPN) protein induced the β1, 4-GalT-I up-regulation in RL95-2 cells. Inhibition of MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and NF-κB suppressed rhOPN-induced β1, 4-GalT-I expression. In addition, rhOPN promoted the adhesion of blastocysts cells in vitro in β1, 4-GalT-I-dependent manner. Moreover, the adhesion is greatly inhibited when β1, 4-GalT-I was blocked with the specific antibody. Taken together, our data suggest that β1, 4-GalT-I provides a mechanism to bridge embryo to endometrium during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Provincial, China
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19
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Das S, Tucker JA, Khullar S, Samant RS, Shevde LA. Hedgehog signaling in tumor cells facilitates osteoblast-enhanced osteolytic metastases. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34374. [PMID: 22479615 PMCID: PMC3315536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The remodeling process in bone yields numerous cytokines and chemokines that mediate crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and also serve to attract and support metastatic tumor cells. The metastatic tumor cells disturb the equilibrium in bone that manifests as skeletal complications. The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays an important role in skeletogenesis. We hypothesized that the Hh pathway mediates an interaction between tumor cells and osteoblasts and influences osteoblast differentiation in response to tumor cells. We have determined that breast tumor cells have an activated Hh pathway characterized by upregulation of the ligand, IHH and transcription factor GLI1. Breast cancer cells interact with osteoblasts and cause an enhanced differentiation of pre-osteoblasts to osteoblasts that express increased levels of the osteoclastogenesis factors, RANKL and PTHrP. There is sustained expression of osteoclast-promoting factors, RANKL and PTHrP, even after the osteoblast differentiation ceases and apoptosis sets in. Moreover, tumor cells that are deficient in Hh signaling are compromised in their ability to induce osteoblast differentiation and consequently are inefficient in causing osteolysis. The stimulation of osteoblast differentiation sets the stage for osteoclast differentiation and overall promotes osteolysis. Thus, in the process of developing newer therapeutic strategies against breast cancer metastasis to bone it would worthwhile to keep in mind the role of the Hh pathway in osteoblast differentiation in an otherwise predominant osteolytic phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Das
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, USA-Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - J. Allan Tucker
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shikha Khullar
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, USA-Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rajeev S. Samant
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, USA-Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Lalita A. Shevde
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, USA-Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
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20
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Shevde LA, Das S, Clark DW, Samant RS. Osteopontin: an effector and an effect of tumor metastasis. Curr Mol Med 2010; 10:71-81. [PMID: 20205680 DOI: 10.2174/156652410791065381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that is produced by multiple tissues in our body and is most abundant in bone. It is also produced by cancer cells and plays a determinative role in the growth, progression and metastasis of cancer. Clinically, OPN has been reported to be upregulated in tumor cells per se; this is also reflected by increased levels of OPN in the circulation. Thus, increased OPN levels the plasma are an effect of tumor growth and progression. Functionally, high OPN levels are determinative of higher incidence of bone metastases in mouse models and are clinically correlated with metastatic bone disease and bone resorption in advanced breast cancer patients. Several research efforts have been made to therapeutically target and inhibit the activities of OPN. In this article we have reviewed OPN in its role as an effector of critical steps in tumor progression and metastasis, with a particular emphasis on its role in facilitating bone metastasis of breast cancer. We have also addressed the role of the host-derived OPN in influencing the malignant behavior of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Shevde
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
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21
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Yongchaitrakul T, Manokawinchoke J, Pavasant P. Osteoprotegerin induces osteopontin via syndecan-1 and phosphoinositol 3-kinase/Akt in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:776-83. [PMID: 19602124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Our previous study found that thrombin induced osteoprotegerin synthesis in human periodontal ligament cells. As elevated levels of osteoprotegerin can exert biological effects on various cell types, in the present study we investigated the effect of osteoprotegerin on the expression of osteopontin in human periodontal ligament cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cultured human periodontal ligament cells were treated with recombinant human osteoprotegerin (0-100 ng/mL) for 24-48 h. The expression of osteopontin mRNA and protein was analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Phosphoinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, Akt inhibitor, heparinase, neutralizing antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and syndecan-1, and small interfering RNA against syndecan-1, were used to determine the mechanism involved. RESULTS Osteoprotegerin up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of osteopontin in human periodontal ligament cells in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of neutralizing antibody against RANKL attenuated the inductive effect of osteoprotegerin on osteopontin expression. In addition, the inductive effect of osteoprotegerin was abolished by phosphoinositol 3-kinase and Akt inhibitors, as well as by syndecan-1 antibody or syndecan-1 small interfering RNA. None of the inhibitors had any effect on the background level of osteopontin expression. CONCLUSION An increased level of osteoprotegerin can generate signals via a RANKL/syndecan-1/phosphoinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The results also suggest that osteopontin is one of the downstream targets of the pathway mediated by osteoprotegerin in human periodontal ligament cells. Thus, in addition to counteracting RANKL in the RANKL-osteoprotegerin system, osteoprotegerin may play a role in periodontal tissue remodeling through modulation of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yongchaitrakul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Saldaña L, Sánchez-Salcedo S, Izquierdo-Barba I, Bensiamar F, Munuera L, Vallet-Regí M, Vilaboa N. Calcium phosphate-based particles influence osteogenic maturation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1294-305. [PMID: 19114315 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphates (BCPs) consist of a mixture of hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate and are recommended as alternatives or additives to autogenous bone for orthopaedic and dental applications. There is clinical evidence showing particle release from bioceramics, which might impair the ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) from bone marrow to proliferate or mature into a functional osteoblast phenotype. This study analyses the influence of BCP particles and their precursors, calcium-deficient apatite (CDA) particles, on in vitro hMSC behaviour. Both types of particles were efficiently internalized by hMSC. Cell viability, morphology and actin cytoskeleton reorganization were unaffected by exposure of hMSC to BCP or CDA particles. Direct exposure to BCP particles impaired hMSC osteogenic differentiation and bone matrix mineralization to a lesser extent than CDA, as assayed by evaluation of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin secretion and mineralized nodule formation. The ability of bioceramic particles to affect osteogenic maturation through modification of soluble factors in media was assayed in an in vitro system that avoids direct cell-particle contact. Indirect exposure to CDA particles severely impaired hMSC osteogenic maturation owing to the uptake of Ca2+ from the culture media. Lower textural properties of BCP and the lack of calcium deficiency in its composition prevented Ca2+ uptake, allowing the development of a functional osteoblast phenotype.
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23
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Petrie TA, Reyes CD, Burns KL, García AJ. Simple application of fibronectin-mimetic coating enhances osseointegration of titanium implants. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:2602-2612. [PMID: 18752639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell adhesion to biomolecules adsorbed onto biomedical devices regulates device integration and performance. Because of the central role of integrin-fibronectin (FN) interactions in osteoblastic function and bone formation, we evaluated the ability of FN-inspired biomolecular coatings to promote osteoblastic differentiation and implant osseointegration. Notably, these biomolecular coatings relied on physical adsorption of FN-based ligands onto biomedical-grade titanium as a simple, clinically translatable strategy to functionalize medical implants. Surfaces coated with a recombinant fragment of FN spanning the central cell binding domain enhanced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in bone marrow stromal cell cultures and increased implant osseointegration in a rat cortical bone model compared to passively adsorbed arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptides, serum proteins and full-length FN. Differences in biological responses correlated with integrin binding specificity and signalling among surface coatings. This work validates a simple, clinically translatable, surface biofunctionalization strategy to enhance biomedical device integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Petrie
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine D Reyes
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kellie L Burns
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Harmey D, Johnson KA, Zelken J, Camacho NP, Hoylaerts MF, Noda M, Terkeltaub R, Millán JL. Elevated skeletal osteopontin levels contribute to the hypophosphatasia phenotype in Akp2(-/-) mice. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21:1377-86. [PMID: 16939396 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increased levels of ePP(i) in mice deficient in TNALP (i.e., Akp2(-/-)) lead to elevated OPN concentrations. We examined the skeletal phenotype of mice lacking both OPN and TNALP and concluded that the increased OPN levels contribute to the hypophosphatasia phenotype characteristic of Akp2(-/-) mice. We also found that extracellular OPN regulates the PP(i) output by osteoblasts. INTRODUCTION Akp2(-/-) display mineralization deficiencies characterized by rickets/osteomalacia. This defect has been attributed to the increased levels of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (ePP(i)), a substrate of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) and a potent inhibitor of mineral deposition. Because elevated levels of ePP(i) induce Opn gene expression, the Akp2(-/-) mice also display increased levels of osteopontin (OPN), another inhibitor of mineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Akp2(-/-) mice were bred into the Opn(-/-) line. The resulting double knockout mice were analyzed for skeletal abnormalities by histology and muCT. Calvarial osteoblasts were assayed for their ability to mineralize in vitro and were probed for changes in gene expression. RESULTS Mice lacking both Akp2 and Opn showed partial normalization at the histological level with regard to mineral deposition and BMD. However, high ePP(i) levels remained in Akp2(-/-) mice. We found that Opn(-/-) mice have themselves elevated levels of ePP(i) attributable to an increase in Enpp1 and Ank expression and a concomitant downregulation of Akp2 expression in Opn(-/-) osteoblasts, but that Opn(-/-) mice have more mineralized osteoid than wildtype (WT) controls despite their elevated ePP(i) levels. Addition of exogenous OPN to Opn(-/-) osteoblasts results in downregulation of Enpp1 and Ank gene expression and a reduction of the PP(i) output by these cells. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of both Akp2 and Opn can partially rescue the hypomineralized phenotype of Akp2(-/-) mice. However, these double knockout mice do not display corrected ePP(i) levels, and we conclude that regulation of hydroxyapatite deposition requires the coordinated actions of both PP(i) and OPN and that the hypophosphatasia phenotype in Akp2(-/-) mice results from the combined inhibitory action of increased levels of both ePP(i) and OPN. Our data also suggest that the ePP(i)-mediated regulation of OPN and the OPN-mediated regulation of ePP(i) are linked counterregulatory mechanisms that control the concentrations of these two important mineralization inhibitors, OPN and ePP(i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dympna Harmey
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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25
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Alford AI, Hankenson KD. Matricellular proteins: Extracellular modulators of bone development, remodeling, and regeneration. Bone 2006; 38:749-57. [PMID: 16412713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are components of the extracellular matrix which are highly expressed in the developing and mature skeleton. Members of this protein class serve as biological mediators of cell function by interacting directly with cells or by modulating the activity of growth factors, proteases, and other extracellular matrix proteins. Although skeletons of matricellular protein-null mice are grossly normal, they each display unique deficiencies that are often magnified under pathological conditions. In addition, bone cells from wild-type and matricellular protein-null mice behave differently in various in vitro models of bone matrix synthesis and turnover. In this review, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, tenascin C, SPARC, and thrombospondins 1 and 2 will each be discussed in the context of bone cell biology. Because the biological effects of matricellular proteins are largely context dependent, in vivo and in vitro results must be considered together in order to fully appreciate the specific contributions that matricellular proteins make to bone physiology and pathophysiology. In particular, it is clear that although matricellular proteins are not required for bone development and function, the proteins act to modulate post-natal bone structure in response to aging, ovariectomy, mechanical loading, and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Alford
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Room G161, 400 North Ingalls Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
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26
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Zhou Y, Dai DL, Martinka M, Su M, Zhang Y, Campos EI, Dorocicz I, Tang L, Huntsman D, Nelson C, Ho V, Li G. Osteopontin expression correlates with melanoma invasion. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:1044-52. [PMID: 15854047 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers affecting humans. Although early melanomas are curable with surgical excision, metastatic melanomas are associated with high mortality. The mechanism of melanoma development, progression, and metastasis is largely unknown. In order to uncover genes unique to melanoma cells, we used high-density DNA microarrays to examine the gene expression profiles of metastatic melanoma nodules using benign nevi as controls. Over 190 genes were significantly overexpressed in metastatic melanomas compared with normal nevi by at least 2-fold. One of the most abundantly expressed genes in metastatic melanoma nodules is osteopontin (OPN). Immunohistochemistry staining on tissue microarrays and individual skin biopsies representing different stages of melanoma progression revealed that OPN expression is first acquired at the step of melanoma tissue invasion. In addition, blocking of OPN expression by RNA interference reduced melanoma cell numbers in vitro. Our observations suggest that OPN may be acquired early in melanoma development and progression, and may enhance tumor cell growth in invasive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Zhou
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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27
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Thapa N, Kang KB, Kim IS. Beta ig-h3 mediates osteoblast adhesion and inhibits differentiation. Bone 2005; 36:232-42. [PMID: 15780949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
betaig-h3 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein induced by TGF-beta, and it has motifs interacting with the alpha3beta1, alphavbeta5, and alphavbeta3 integrins. Our previous study shows the role of betaig-h3 in osteoblast differentiation and its involvement in melorheostosis, a rare bone disease. Here we demonstrate that betaig-h3 expression is down-regulated during the early stage of differentiation of the murine preosteoblastic cell line, KS483. The recombinant betaig-h3 and its FAS1 domain significantly inhibited in vitro osteoblast differentiation as evaluated by matrix mineralization/bone nodule formation. Furthermore, inhibition of expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes [such as type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin (OC)] was accompanied by suppression of osteoblast-specific transcription factors, Cbfa1/Runx2 and osterix. Flow cytometric analyses, cell adhesion, and inhibition assays disclosed alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 as the principal integrins mediating the adhesion of osteoblastic cells to betaig-h3. The disruption of interactions between betaig-h3 and osteoblasts by a function-blocking antibody specific for alphavbeta3 but not for alphavbeta5 abolished the inhibitory effect of betaig-h3 on osteoblast differentiation. We suggest that these interacting integrins may play an important role in betaig-h3-mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Thapa
- Institute of Cell and Matrix Biology Research, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, South Korea
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Lai CF, Cheng SL. Alphavbeta integrins play an essential role in BMP-2 induction of osteoblast differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20:330-40. [PMID: 15647827 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.041013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2004] [Revised: 08/11/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2004] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Both integrins and BMP-2 exert similar effects on osteoblasts. We examined the relationship between the alphav-containing integrins (alphavbeta) and BMP-2 in osteoblast function. BMP-2 stimulates alphavbeta expression. BMP-2 receptors co-localize/overlap with alphavbeta integrins, and the intact function of alphavbeta is essential in BMP-2 activity. INTRODUCTION Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 not only induces osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix mineralization, but also stimulates osteoblast migration on and adhesion to bone matrix proteins. The alphavbeta- and beta1- (alphabeta1) containing integrins mediate osteoblast interaction with many bone matrix proteins and play important roles in osteoblast adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Because alphavbeta integrins and BMP-2 share common effects on osteoblasts, we analyzed their relationship in osteoblast function. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of BMP-2 on integrin expression were determined by surface labeling/immunoprecipitation and cell adhesion to matrix proteins. Confocal analysis of the immunostained cells and co-immunoprecipitation of cell extracts were used to study the spatial relationship between integrins and BMP-2 receptors. A function-blocking anti-alphavbeta integrin antibody (L230) was employed to investigate the roles of alphavbeta integrins in BMP-2 function. RESULTS Human osteoblasts (HOBs) express alphabeta1, alphavbeta3, alphavbeta5, alphavbeta6, and alphavbeta8 integrins at focal adhesion sites. BMP-2 increases the levels of these integrins on osteoblast surface and enhances HOB adhesion to osteopontin and vitronectin. Immunoprecipitation and immunostaining analyses show that BMP-2 receptors co-localize or overlap with alphavbeta and alphabeta1 integrins. Incubation of HOBs with L230 abolishes the antiproliferative effect of BMP-2 and reduces the capacity of BMP-2 to stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein. Furthermore, L230 prevents BMP-2 induction of matrix mineralization. Although BMP-2 retains its receptor-binding capability in the presence of L230, BMP-2 stimulation of Smad signaling is abolished by L230. CONCLUSION BMP-2 upregulates the expression of alphavbeta integrins, and these integrins, in turn, play a critical role in BMP-2 function in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Fang Lai
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Lim JY, Taylor AF, Li Z, Vogler EA, Donahue HJ. Integrin Expression and Osteopontin Regulation in Human Fetal Osteoblastic Cells Mediated by Substratum Surface Characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:19-29. [PMID: 15738658 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion of anchorage-dependent cells to scaffolds is a critical component of tissue engineering. We investigated integrin expression by the human fetal osteoblastic cell line, hFOB 1.19 (hFOB), as a function of substratum surface wettability. The influence of surface wettability on bone cell phenotype was also examined. Plasma-treated quartz (PTQ) and glass (PTG) (hydrophilic, contact angles of 0 degrees), octadecyltrichlorosilane-treated quartz (STQ) and glass (STG) (hydrophobic, contact angles above about 100 degrees), and tissue culture polystyrene were used for cell culture. hFOB cells cultured on hydrophilic substrata displayed well-developed actin stress fibers relative to cells on hydrophobic substrata. Western blot analysis revealed that hFOB cells cultured on hydrophobic substrata (STQ or STG) express lower levels of alphav and beta3 integrin subunits than do cells on hydrophilic substrata (PTQ or PTG). This effect was more pronounced in cells on STQ than on STG. These variations in integrin expression were lessened by extended culture time. Double- labeled integrin/actin immunofluorescence confirmed Western blot results, that is, cells cultured on PTQ displayed distinct, large plaques of alphav and beta3 subunits and integrin alphavbeta3, as well as their colocalization with actin stress fiber ends, whereas cells on STQ did not display integrin plaques after 24 h and displayed only minimal plaque formation after 3 days. Vinculin, a focal adhesion protein that mediates binding between the integrin and actin cytoskeleton, appeared in Western blots to mimic the variations of alphav and beta3 expression with respect to surface wettability. Interestingly, real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that hFOB cultured on hydrophobic substrata, which have downregulated alphav and beta3 integrin subunits, displayed greater steady state mRNA levels of osteopontin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) integrin recognition sequence, than did cells cultured on hydrophilic substrata. Our results imply that substratum surface wettability regulates integrin-mediated bone cell adhesion and further influences the expression of bone cell-ECM complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yul Lim
- Center for Biomedical Devices and Functional Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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Albrecht C, Borm PJA, Unfried K. Signal transduction pathways relevant for neoplastic effects of fibrous and non-fibrous particles. Mutat Res 2004; 553:23-35. [PMID: 15288530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2004] [Accepted: 04/30/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Apart from their genotoxic effects, both fibrous and non-fibrous particles are known to induce signalling pathways involved in the development of malignant lung diseases. Different direct effects of particles as well as indirect cellular effects are believed to induce changes in apoptosis or proliferation in target cells. Signalling events, e.g. the induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades resulting in the activation of the transcription factor AP-1, as well as the induction of the transcription factor NFkappaB which mainly mediates the expression of pro-inflammatory genes are discussed. There is some insight into the molecular mechanisms eliciting these pathways. Therefore, this review aims to give an overview on signalling pathways as well as initial events including effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, membrane receptors and particle uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Albrecht
- Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung, Particle Research, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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31
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Gilbert M, Giachelli CM, Stayton PS. Biomimetic peptides that engage specific integrin-dependent signaling pathways and bind to calcium phosphate surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004; 67:69-77. [PMID: 14517863 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many important matrix proteins involved in bone remodeling contain separate domains that orient the protein on hydroxyapatite and interact with target cell receptors, respectively. We have designed two synthetic peptides that mimic the dual activities of these large, complex proteins by binding to calcium phosphate minerals and by engaging integrin-dependent signaling pathways in osteoblasts. The addition of either PGRGDS from osteopontin or PDGEA from collagen type I to the HAP-binding domain of statherin (N15 domain) did not alter its alpha-helical structure or diminish its affinity for hydroxyapatite. Immobilized N15-PGRGDS bound MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts predominantly via the alpha v beta 3 integrin and induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation at comparable levels to immobilized osteopontin. Immobilized N15-PDGEA bound MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts predominantly through the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin and induced similar levels of FAK phosphorylation. Although both peptides induced FAK phosphorylation with similar time courses, only the N15-PDGEA peptide induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, showing that these peptides are also capable of engaging integrin-specific signaling pathways. This peptide system can be used to study adhesion-dependent control of signaling in the context of the relevant biomineral surface and may also be useful in biomaterial and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gilbert
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Reyes CD, García AJ. α2β1integrin-specific collagen-mimetic surfaces supporting osteoblastic differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004; 69:591-600. [PMID: 15162400 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of osteoblasts with their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for skeletal development, homeostasis, and maintenance of the mature osteoblastic phenotype. Integrins are the principal transducers of ECM signals that regulate this process of osteoblast commitment and differentiation. Several studies indicate that the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin interaction with type I collagen is a crucial signal for the induction of osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization. Integrin alpha(2)beta(1) recognizes the Gly-Phe-Hyp-Gly-Glu-Arg (GFOGER) motif in residues 502-507 of the alpha(1)[I] chain of type I collagen. This study demonstrates that an alpha(2)beta(1) integrin-specific GFOGER peptide triggers the activation of focal adhesion kinase and alkaline phosphatase in MC3T3-E1 murine immature osteoblast-like cells, two events that have been implicated in the osteoblastic differentiation pathway. These GFOGER-peptide surfaces also support the expression of multiple osteoblast-specific genes, including osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein, and induce matrix mineralization in a manner similar to type I collagen. This triple-helical peptide represents a promising surface modification strategy for the design of collagen-mimetic bioadhesive surfaces that support osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Reyes
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Room 2314 IBB, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
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Hamada Y, Nokihara K, Okazaki M, Fujitani W, Matsumoto T, Matsuo M, Umakoshi Y, Takahashi J, Matsuura N. Angiogenic activity of osteopontin-derived peptide SVVYGLR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310:153-7. [PMID: 14511663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in various pathological conditions as well as some physiological processes. Although a number of soluble angiogenic factors have been reported, extracellular matrix also has crucial effect on angiogenesis through interaction with endothelial cells. Since recent reports showed osteopontin had some angiogenic activity, the effect of the SVVYGLR peptide, novel binding motif in osteopontin molecule, on angiogenesis was examined in this study. Synthetic peptide SVVYGLR did not have proliferative effect on endothelial cells but adhesion and migration activity to endothelial cells. Furthermore, SVVYGLR had as potent activity for tube formation in three-dimensional collagen gel as vascular endothelial growth factor which is known to be the strongest angiogenic factor. Electron microscopical analysis showed a number of microvilli on the endothelial luminar surface and tight junction formation in the luminar intercellular border between endothelial cells, indicating SVVYGLR induced cell porarity and differentiation of endothelial cells. This small peptide might be expected to stimulate angiogenesis to improve some ischemic conditions in the future because of some advantages due to smaller molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinosuke Hamada
- Department of Pathology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Carvalho RS, Kostenuik PJ, Salih E, Bumann A, Gerstenfeld LC. Selective adhesion of osteoblastic cells to different integrin ligands induces osteopontin gene expression. Matrix Biol 2003; 22:241-9. [PMID: 12853034 DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(03)00038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal homeostasis is partly regulated by the mechanical environment and specific signals generated by a cell's adhesion to the matrix. Previous studies demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) expression is stimulated in response to both cellular adhesion and mechanical stimulation. The present studies examine if specific integrin ligands mediate osteoblast selective adhesion and whether opn mRNA expression is induced in response to these same ligands. Embryonic chicken calvaria osteoblastic cells were plated on bacteriological dishes coated with fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (Col1), denatured collagen/gelatin (G), OPN, vitronectin (VN), laminin (LN) or albumin (BSA). Osteoblastic cells were shown to selectively adhere to FN, Col1, G and LN, yet not to VN, OPN or BSA. Opn mRNA expression was induced by adhesion to Col1, FN, LN and G, but neither OPN nor VN induced this expression. Examination of the activation of the protein kinases A and C second signaling systems showed that only adhesion to FN induced protein kinase A and protein kinase C (PKC) activity while adherence to Col1 induced PKC. Evaluation of the intracellular distribution of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and p-tyrosine within cells after adherence to FN, VN or BSA demonstrated that adherence to FN stimulated FAK translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and high levels of p-tyrosine localization at the cell surface. However, cell adherence to VN or BSA did not show these morphological changes. These data illustrate that osteoblast selective adhesion is mediated by specific integrin ligands, and induction of intracellular second signal kinase activity is related to the nature of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Carvalho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, R-205, Boston, MA 02118-2526, USA
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Benayahu D, Shur I, Marom R, Meller I, Issakov J. Cellular and molecular properties associated with osteosarcoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2002; 84:108-14. [PMID: 11746520 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma cells are recognized by abnormal function that causes a primary bone tumor. Osteosarcoma cells U(2)OS and SAOS-2 were analyzed for the expression of cell surface markers. High expression was quantified for hyaloronidase receptor (CD-44) > moderate for integrins (CD-51 and -61), > and lower for selectins (CD-62). High mitotic capacity were demonstrated by gene expression (measured by RT-PCR) and the protein level (measured by FACS) for cFOS, cMYC, and cJUN. The basic definition of osteosarcoma is excessive production of pathological osteoid. Expression of mRNA for matrix genes osteocalcin, osteonectin, and biglycan was studied. Osteocalcin and osteonectin were detected in RNA from primary cultured marrow stromal, trabecular bone cells, and osteosarcoma cell lines (U(2)OS, SAOS-2). mRNA for biglycan was detected only in primary cells and MG-63 cell line and was undetectable in RNA from U(2)OS, SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cell lines and by RNA extracted from bone biopsies of osteosarcoma patients. The absence of biglycan message observed in osteosarcoma samples provides evidence for the alterations in the extra cellular matrix which result with non-mineralized osteoid produced by the osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Benayahu
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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36
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Perinpanayagam H, Zaharias R, Stanford C, Brand R, Keller J, Schneider G. Early cell adhesion events differ between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic osteoblasts. J Orthop Res 2001; 19:993-1000. [PMID: 11781027 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-0266(01)00045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In osteoporosis, the regenerative capacity of bone is compromised, which may involve altered osteoblast (OB) activity. This could be attributed to an inappropriate synthesis and assembly of an extracellular matrix (ECM), altered cell adhesion to the ECM, or be due to inappropriate downstream activation of adhesion-mediated signaling cascades through proteins such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The purpose of our study was to compare early adhesion-mediated events using previously described and characterized clinically derived OBs obtained from human patients undergoing major joint arthroplasty for osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. The presence or absence of osteoporosis was established with a radiographic index. Using light microscopy and crystal violet staining, we show that OB cells derived from sites of osteoporosis do not attach and spread as well as non-osteoporotic (OP) OB cells. OP cells initially have a more rounded morphology, and show significantly less (P < 0.001) attachment to serum-coated tissue culture plastic over a 24 h time period. Immunofluorescent labeling after 24 h of attachment showed that OP OB focal adhesions (FAs) and stress fibers were less defined, and that the OP cells were smaller and had a more motile phenotype. When normalized protein lysates were Western blotted for phosphotyrosine (PY) a band corresponding to pp125FAK was identified. FAK tyrosine phosphorylation was evident at 6 h in both the OP and non-OP OBs, but decreased or was absent through 24 h in OP OBs. These results suggest early adhesion-mediated events, such as cell adhesion, attachment, and FAK signaling via PY may be altered in OP OBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Perinpanayagam
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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37
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Uemura T, Nemoto A, Liu YK, Kojima H, Dong J, Yabe T, Yoshikawa T, Ohgushi H, Ushida T, Tateishi T. Osteopontin involvement in bone remodeling and its effects on in vivo osteogenic potential of bone marrow-derived osteoblasts/porous hydroxyapatite constructs. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(01)00332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shimizu T, Sasano Y, Nakajo S, Kagayama M, Shimauchi H. Osteoblastic differentiation of periosteum-derived cells is promoted by the physical contact with the bone matrix in vivo. THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 2001; 264:72-81. [PMID: 11505373 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The periosteum contains osteoprogenitors that differentiate to osteoblasts in bone growth or repair. Our previous studies suggested the hypothesis that the physical contact of the periosteum with the bone matrix is requisite for the differentiation of osteoblasts. To test the hypothesis, the present study was designed to investigate how the contact between the periosteum and the bone matrix influences the osteoblastic differentiation of periosteal cells with establishing a new experimental model in vivo. Differentiation of osteoblasts was assessed by gene expression of type I collagen, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein using in situ hybridization. A barrier was designed to prevent periosteal cells from contacting the bone matrix using the membrane filter. The membrane filter was inserted surgically between the surface of rat parietal bone and the periosteum after being punched out with pin holes. Periosteal cells were allowed to contact with the bone surface only through the pin holes. The pin hole was filled with cells derived from the periosteum 1 week after inserting the filter. Differentiation of osteoblasts in week 2 and noticeable bone formation in week 3 were identified on the bone surface only under the pin hole but not under the filter. The present study demonstrated that the physical contact with the bone matrix promotes osteoblastic differentiation of periosteum-derived cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimizu
- Division of Periodontics and Endodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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Schneider GB, Zaharias R, Stanford C. Osteoblast integrin adhesion and signaling regulate mineralization. J Dent Res 2001; 80:1540-4. [PMID: 11499509 DOI: 10.1177/00220345010800061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion and signaling events may contribute to the progressive differentiation of the osteoblast and to the initiation of a mineralized matrix. The purpose of our study was to begin to analyze the role of integrin receptors, in particular alpha2beta1, alpha5beta1, and alphaVbeta3, regarding mediation of the initiation of a mineralized matrix. Integrin-perturbation assays were conducted in microdot cultures of UMR-106-01 Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) osteoblast cells. For phenotypic analysis, we performed bright-field microscopy and Aliziran Red S staining to analyze effects on mineralization initiation. Mineralization was reduced significantly (P < 0.001) following the addition of alpha5- or beta1-integrin subunit antibody by approximately 20% and 45%, respectively--alphaVbeta3 integrin by nearly 65%, and alpha2beta1 integrin by nearly 95%. This effect was reversible following the removal of the antiintegrin antibody. These results suggest that integrin adhesion and signaling events may contribute to the ability of this cell line to mediate the initiation of the mineralization phenotype biologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Schneider
- Dows Institute for Dental Research and the Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City 52242, USA.
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40
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Lai CF, Chaudhary L, Fausto A, Halstead LR, Ory DS, Avioli LV, Cheng SL. Erk is essential for growth, differentiation, integrin expression, and cell function in human osteoblastic cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:14443-50. [PMID: 11278600 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010021200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erks), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily, play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study we employed a dominant negative approach to determine the role of Erks in the regulation of human osteoblastic cell function. Human osteoblastic cells were transduced with a pseudotyped retrovirus encoding either a mutated Erk1 protein with a dominant negative action against both Erk1 and Erk2 (Erk1DN cells) or the LacZ protein (LacZ cells) as a control. Both basal and growth factor-stimulated MAPK activity and cell proliferation were inhibited in Erk1DN cells. Expression of Erk1DN protein suppressed both osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization by decreasing alkaline phosphatase activity and the deposition of bone matrix proteins. Cell adhesion to collagen, osteopontin, and vitronectin was decreased in Erk1DN cells as compared with LacZ cells. Cell spreading and migration on these matrices were also inhibited. In Erk1DN cells, expression of alphabeta(1), alpha(v)beta(3), and alpha(v)beta(5) integrins on the surface was decreased. Metabolic labeling indicated that the synthesis of these integrins was inhibited in Erk1DN cells. These data suggest that Erks are not only essential for the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts but also are important for osteoblast adhesion, spreading, migration, and integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Lai
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Kurata K, Uemura T, Nemoto A, Tateishi T, Murakami T, Higaki H, Miura H, Iwamoto Y. Mechanical strain effect on bone-resorbing activity and messenger RNA expressions of marker enzymes in isolated osteoclast culture. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:722-30. [PMID: 11316000 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.4.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive modeling and remodeling are controlled by the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are capable of sensing their mechanical environments and regulating deposition or resorption of bone matrix. The effects of mechanical stimuli on isolated osteoclasts have been scarcely examined because it has proven to be difficult to prepare a number of pure osteoclasts and to cultivate them on mineralized substratum during mechanical stimulation. Recently, we developed an apparatus for applying mechanical stretching to the ivory slice/plastic plate component on which cells could be cultured. The loading frequency, strain rate, and generated strain over an ivory surface could be controlled by a personal computer. Using this apparatus, we examined the role of mechanical stretching on the bone-resorbing activity of the osteoclasts. Mature and highly enriched osteoclasts were cultured for 2, 12, and 24 h on the ivory/plate component while being subjected to intermittent tensile strain. The stretched osteoclasts showed enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of osteoclast marker enzymes, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and cathepsin K and increases of resorbed-pit formation, suggesting that the mechanical stretching up-regulated the bone-resorbing activity of the osteoclasts. A stretch-activated cation (SA-cat) channel blocker significantly inhibited the increases of the mRNA level and pit formation after 24 h of stretching. This study suggested the possibility that the mature osteoclasts responded to mechanical stretching through a mechanism involving a SA-cat channel in the absence of mesenchymal cells and, as a result, up-regulated their bone-resorbing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kurata
- Department of Intelligent Machinery and Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cheng SL, Lai CF, Blystone SD, Avioli LV. Bone mineralization and osteoblast differentiation are negatively modulated by integrin alpha(v)beta3. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:277-88. [PMID: 11204428 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous bone matrix proteins can interact with alpha(v)-containing integrins including alpha(v)beta3. To elucidate the net effects of the interaction between these proteins and alpha(v)beta3 on osteoblast function, we developed a murine osteoblastic cell line that overexpressed human alpha(v)beta3. Human alpha(v)beta3-integrin was expressed on cell membrane, in which its presence did not alter the surface level of endogenous mouse alpha(v)beta3. The expressed human alpha(v)beta3 was functional because cell adhesion to osteopontin was increased and this increment was abolished by antibody against human alpha(v)beta3. The proliferation rate of cells overexpressing alpha(v)beta3 (alpha(v)beta3-cells) was increased whereas matrix mineralization was decreased. To elucidate the mechanisms leading to inhibition of matrix mineralization, the expression of proteins important for mineralization was analyzed. Alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteocalcin, type I collagen, and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were decreased whereas osteopontin was stimulated in alpha(v)beta3-cells. The regulation of osteopontin, osteocalcin, and BSP expression was mediated via transcriptional mechanism because their promoter activities were altered. Examination of molecules involved in integrin signaling indicated that activator protein-1 (AP-1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activities were enhanced whereas c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity was decreased in alpha(v)beta3-cells. The activity of p38 and the levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vinculin were not altered. Moreover, the adhesions of alpha(v)beta3-cells to type I collagen and fibronectin were inhibited, which was attributed to decreased beta1-integrin levels on cell surface. In conclusion, overexpressing alpha(v)beta3-integrin in osteoblasts stimulated cell proliferation but retarded differentiation, which were derived via altered integrin-matrix interactions, signal transduction, and matrix protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Lai CF, Feng X, Nishimura R, Teitelbaum SL, Avioli LV, Ross FP, Cheng SL. Transforming growth factor-beta up-regulates the beta 5 integrin subunit expression via Sp1 and Smad signaling. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:36400-6. [PMID: 10964912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002131200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions play important roles in regulating cell function. Since transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) modulates many osteoblast activities, we hypothesized that the growth factor acts in part by modulating integrin expression. TGF-beta increased cell adhesion to vitronectin and up-regulated the surface level of alpha(v)beta(5) via increasing beta(5) protein synthesis by a transcriptional mechanism. Promoter activity analysis demonstrated that a TGF-beta-responsive element resides between nucleotides -63 and -44. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunoprecipitation/Western studies indicated that the nuclear complex formed using the -66/-42 oligonucleotide contained both Sp1/Sp3 and Smad proteins. Since nuclear Sp1/Sp3 levels were not altered, whereas Smad levels were increased by TGF-beta, we investigated the roles of Smad proteins in the up-regulation of beta(5) gene activation. Co-transfection of cells with beta(5) promoter reporter construct and expression vectors for Smad3, Smad4, and Sp1 increased the stimulatory effect of TGF-beta. Furthermore, expression of dominant negative Smad3 or Smad4 in cells decreased or abolished the stimulation of beta(5) promoter activity by TGF-beta. Smad4 mutant also inhibited the up-regulation of surface beta(5) level by TGF-beta. Thus, TGF-beta increases expression of the integrin beta(5) gene by mechanisms involving Sp1/Sp3 and Smad transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Lai
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Tuck AB, Elliott BE, Hota C, Tremblay E, Chambers AF. Osteopontin-induced, integrin-dependent migration of human mammary epithelial cells involves activation of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met). J Cell Biochem 2000; 78:465-75. [PMID: 10861844 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4644(20000901)78:3<465::aid-jcb11>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycophosphoprotein which induces migration of mammary carcinoma cells, and has been implicated in the malignancy of breast carcinoma. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induces cell migration of several mammary epithelial cell (MEC) lines, via activation of its cognate receptor (Met). This study examines the mechanism of OPN-induced MEC migration, in terms of the cell surface integrins involved and induction of the HGF/Met pathway. Three different MEC cell lines were used, representing different stages of tumor progression: 21PT, non-tumorigenic; 21NT, tumorigenic; non-metastatic; and MDA-MB-435, tumorigenic, highly metastatic. Human recombinant OPN was found to induce the migration of all three lines. OPN-induced migration of 21PT and 21NT cells was alphavbeta5 and beta1-integrin dependent, and alphavbeta3-independent, while that of MDA-MB-435 cells was alphavbeta3-dependent. HGF also induced migration of all three cell lines, and a synergistic response was seen to HGF and OPN together. The increased migration response to OPN was found to be associated with an initial increase in Met kinase activity (within 30 min), followed by an increase in Met mRNA and protein expression. OPN-induced cell migration is thus mediated by different cell surface integrins in MEC lines representing different stages of progression, and involves activation of the HGF receptor, Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Tuck
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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Cheng SL, Lai CF, Fausto A, Chellaiah M, Feng X, McHugh KP, Teitelbaum SL, Civitelli R, Hruska KA, Ross FP, Avioli LV. Regulation of alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta5 integrins by dexamethasone in normal human osteoblastic cells. J Cell Biochem 2000; 77:265-76. [PMID: 10723092 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(20000501)77:2<265::aid-jcb9>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-term administration of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids inhibits bone formation and results in osteoporosis. Since integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions are essential for osteoblast function, we hypothesized that the detrimental effect of glucocorticoids on bone derived, at least in part, from decreased integrin-matrix interactions. Because alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins can interact with several bone matrix proteins, we analyzed the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) on the expression of these integrins in normal human osteoblastic cells. We found adhesion of these cells to osteopontin and vitronectin to be dependent on alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5, respectively; this ligand specificity was not altered by Dex. The effects of Dex on the adhesion of human osteoblastic cells to osteopontin and vitronectin were biphasic with an increase after 2 days, followed by a decrease after 8 days of treatment. Consistently, surface alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins, which were increased after 2 days of Dex treatment, were decreased after 8 days. Similarly, total cellular alphav, beta3, and beta5 proteins, which were increased by Dex early in the culture, were diminished after 8 days. Metabolic labeling studies indicated that Dex exhibited biphasic regulation on the biosynthesis of alphavbeta5, with stimulation observed during the second day of treatment, followed by inhibition during the 8th day of exposure. By contrast, the biosynthesis of alphavbeta3 was inhibited by Dex on day 1 and remained inhibited on day 8. Analysis of the mRNA indicated that alphav and beta5 levels were increased by Dex during early exposure (1-3 days), followed by inhibition after prolonged exposure (>/=7 days). By contrast, Dex decreased beta3 mRNA level at all the time points analyzed. Consistently, Dex decreased beta3 promoter activity after 1 day and persisted over 8-day period. By contrast, Dex stimulated beta5 promoter activity after 1 or 2 days but had no effect after 8 days. To further evaluate mechanism(s) leading to the decreased integrin expression after prolonged Dex treatment, mRNA stability was analyzed. Dex was found to accelerate the degradation of alphav, beta3 and beta5 mRNA after an 8-day treatment. Thus, the regulation of alphavbeta3 was dependent on transcription and posttranscriptional events whereas the expression of alphavbeta5 was dependent mainly on posttranscriptional events after prolonged Dex treatment. In conclusion, Dex exhibited time-dependent regulation on the expression of alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins in normal human osteoblastic cells. Short-term exposure to Dex increased the levels of alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 on the surface and cell adhesion to osteopontin and vitronectin whereas long-term exposure to Dex decreased the expression of both integrins and inhibited the cell adhesion to matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Cheng
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Koistinen P, Pulli T, Uitto VJ, Nissinen L, Hyypiä T, Heino J. Depletion of alphaV integrins from osteosarcoma cells by intracellular antibody expression induces bone differentiation marker genes and suppresses gelatinase (MMP-2) synthesis. Matrix Biol 1999; 18:239-51. [PMID: 10429943 DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(99)00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Integrin heterodimers sharing the common alphaV subunit are receptors for adhesion glycoproteins such as vitronectin and fibronectin. They are suggested to play an essential role in cell anchoring, differentiation, and survival. Here, we describe the construction of an expression plasmid coding for an intracellular single-chain antibody against alphaV integrin subunit. Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells transfected with this DNA construct showed an approximately 70-100% decrease in the cell surface expression of alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta5 integrins as shown by flow cytometry. Intracellular antibody expression had no effect on the mRNA levels of alphaV integrin. Pulse chase experiments of metabolically labeled integrins showed that the translation of precursor alphaV integrin subunit was not affected. However, the maturation of alphaV integrins as glycoproteins was slow suggesting that the transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi complex was partially prevented. Depletion of alphaV integrins from Saos-2 cells led to a decreased ability to spread on fibronectin and vitronectin. Furthermore, the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin, was induced and concomitantly the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 decreased. Thus, alphaV integrins seem to be important regulators of osteosarcoma cell phenotypes. Our data also indicate that the expression of intracellular antibodies is an effective strategy to study the significance of specific integrins for cell phenotype and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Koistinen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Finland
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