1
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Kuwana Y, Ashizawa Y, Ajima M, Nomura T, Kakeno M, Hirai S, Miura T. Micelle-associated endomorphin-1 has ability to bind copper in the oxidation state either Cu(II) or Cu(I). Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 727:109305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Lin B, Carty RP, Pincus MR. Low Energy Conformations for Endogenous Mu-Receptor-Specific Peptides. Protein J 2021; 39:217-223. [PMID: 32449111 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have computed the low energy minima for the two endomorphin peptides, N-acetyl-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NHCH3 (endomorphin 1) and Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NHCH3 (endomorphin 2) in aqueous solution. These peptides block pain without inducing the harmful side effects of the opiates that bind to the same mu opiate receptor but have short half lives. From over 1000 starting conformations for each peptide, we find less than 200 low energy structures whose conformational energies were ≤ 5 kcal/mole of the energy of the global minimum. The most probable conformations calculated using the Boltzmann distribution for both peptides were similar to one another. Using the letter representation for backbone conformational states, these most probable structures were D A E E for endomorphin 1 and E A E E for endomorphin 2. Both of these structures form reverse turns at Pro 2-Trp (Phe) 3 resulting in the juxtaposition of the aromatic rings of Tyr 1 and Phe 4. The Trp residue of endomorphin 1 points to the back of the reverse turn. These features may be useful in the design of non-peptide analogues that will have longer half-lives than the peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Robert P Carty
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
| | - Matthew R Pincus
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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3
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Wu Z, Hruby VJ. Toward a Universal μ-Agonist Template for Template-Based Alignment Modeling of Opioid Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17457-17476. [PMID: 31656918 PMCID: PMC6812133 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Opioid ligands are a large group of G-protein-coupled receptor ligands possessing high structural diversity, along with complicated structure-activity relationships (SARs). To better understand their structural correlations as well as the related SARs, we developed the innovative template-based alignment modeling in our recent studies on a variety of opioid ligands. As previously reported, this approach showed promise but also with limitations, which was mainly attributed to the small size of morphine as a template. With this study, we set out to construct an artificial μ-agonist template to overcome this limitation. The newly constructed template contained a largely extended scaffold, along with a few special μ-features relevant to the μ-selectivity of opioid ligands. As demonstrated in this paper, the new template showed significantly improved efficacy in facilitating the alignment modeling of a wide variety of opioid ligands. This report comprises of two main parts. Part 1 discusses the general construction process and the structural features as well as a few typical examples of the template applications and Part 2 focuses on the template refinement and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- ABC Resource, Plainsboro, New Jersey 08536, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85716, United States
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4
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Wtorek K, Artali R, Piekielna-Ciesielska J, Koszuk J, Kluczyk A, Gentilucci L, Janecka A. Endomorphin-2 analogs containing modified tyrosines: Biological and theoretical investigation of the influence on conformation and pharmacological profile. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:527-536. [PMID: 31276897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New analogs of the endogenous opioid agonist endomorphin-2 (EM-2, H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) have been obtained by introducing modified tyrosines at the position 1 of the sequence. For all analogs, the cis/trans conformation ratio about the tyramine-Pro amide bond, lipophilicity, receptor affinities, and functional activities, have been determined. Among the novel derivatives, [Dmt(3'-Cl)]1EM-2 (4) stood out for its subnanomolar μ-opioid receptor affinity and potent agonist activity, superior to that of the parent peptide EM-2. Hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics docking computations supported the cis tyramine-Pro bioactive conformation, and allowed us to analyze the contribution of the substituents of the "message" tyramine to binding, highlighting the role of halogen-bonding in the higher receptor affinity of peptide 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wtorek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Roberto Artali
- Scientia Advice, di Roberto Artali, 20832, Desio, Monza and Brianza, Italy
| | | | - Jacek Koszuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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5
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Wadzinski TJ, Steinauer A, Hie L, Pelletier G, Schepartz A, Miller SJ. Rapid phenolic O-glycosylation of small molecules and complex unprotected peptides in aqueous solvent. Nat Chem 2018; 10:644-652. [PMID: 29713033 PMCID: PMC5964040 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylated natural products and synthetic glycopeptides represent a significant and growing source of biochemical probes and therapeutic agents. However, methods that enable the aqueous glycosylation of endogenous amino acid functionality in peptides without the use of protecting groups are scarce. Here, we report a transformation that facilitates the efficient aqueous O-glycosylation of phenolic functionality in a wide range of small molecules, unprotected tyrosine, and tyrosine residues embedded within a range of complex, fully unprotected peptides. The transformation, which uses glycosyl fluoride donors and is promoted by Ca(OH)2, proceeds rapidly at room temperature in water, with good yields and selective formation of unique anomeric products depending on the stereochemistry of the glycosyl donor. High functional group tolerance is observed, and the phenol glycosylation occurs selectively in the presence of virtually all side chains of the proteinogenic amino acids with the singular exception of Cys. This method offers a highly selective, efficient, and operationally simple approach for the protecting-group-free synthesis of O-aryl glycosides and Tyr-O-glycosylated peptides in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liana Hie
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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6
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Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk A, De Marco R, Gentilucci L, Kluczyk A, Janecka A. Design and characterization of opioid ligands based on cycle-in-macrocycle scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2399-2405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Li Y, Cazares M, Wu J, Houghten RA, Toll L, Dooley C. Potent μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists from Cyclic Peptides Tyr-c[D-Lys-Xxx-Tyr-Gly]: Synthesis, Biological, and Structural Evaluation. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1239-45. [PMID: 26789491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the structure of a μ-opioid receptor ligand, analogs H-Tyr-c[D-Lys-Xxx-Tyr-Gly] were synthesized and their biological activity was tested. The analog containing a Phe(3) was identified as not only exhibiting binding affinity 14-fold higher than the original hit but also producing agonist activity 3-fold more potent than morphine. NMR study suggested that a trans conformation at D-Lys(2)-Xxx(3) is crucial for these cyclic peptides to maintain high affinity, selectivity, and functional activity toward the μ-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Li
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Margret Cazares
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Richard A Houghten
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Laurence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Colette Dooley
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
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8
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Hallberg M. Neuropeptides: metabolism to bioactive fragments and the pharmacology of their receptors. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:464-519. [PMID: 24894913 DOI: 10.1002/med.21323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic processing of neuropeptides has an important regulatory function and the peptide fragments resulting from the enzymatic degradation often exert essential physiological roles. The proteolytic processing generates, not only biologically inactive fragments, but also bioactive fragments that modulate or even counteract the response of their parent peptides. Frequently, these peptide fragments interact with receptors that are not recognized by the parent peptides. This review discusses tachykinins, opioid peptides, angiotensins, bradykinins, and neuropeptide Y that are present in the central nervous system and their processing to bioactive degradation products. These well-known neuropeptide systems have been selected since they provide illustrative examples that proteolytic degradation of parent peptides can lead to bioactive metabolites with different biological activities as compared to their parent peptides. For example, substance P, dynorphin A, angiotensin I and II, bradykinin, and neuropeptide Y are all degraded to bioactive fragments with pharmacological profiles that differ considerably from those of the parent peptides. The review discusses a selection of the large number of drug-like molecules that act as agonists or antagonists at receptors of neuropeptides. It focuses in particular on the efforts to identify selective drug-like agonists and antagonists mimicking the effects of the endogenous peptide fragments formed. As exemplified in this review, many common neuropeptides are degraded to a variety of smaller fragments but many of the fragments generated have not yet been examined in detail with regard to their potential biological activities. Since these bioactive fragments contain a small number of amino acid residues, they provide an ideal starting point for the development of drug-like substances with ability to mimic the effects of the degradation products. Thus, these substances could provide a rich source of new pharmaceuticals. However, as discussed herein relatively few examples have so far been disclosed of successful attempts to create bioavailable, drug-like agonists or antagonists, starting from the structure of endogenous peptide fragments and applying procedures relying on stepwise manipulations and simplifications of the peptide structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hallberg
- Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Mollica A, Costante R, Stefanucci A, Pinnen F, Luisi G, Pieretti S, Borsodi A, Bojnik E, Benyhe S. Hybrid peptides endomorphin-2/DAMGO: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:167-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Borics A, Mallareddy JR, Timári I, Kövér KE, Keresztes A, Tóth G. The Effect of Pro2 Modifications on the Structural and Pharmacological Properties of Endomorphin-2. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8418-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300836n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Borics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological
Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521,
H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jayapal R. Mallareddy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological
Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521,
H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Timári
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin E. Kövér
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological
Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521,
H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological
Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521,
H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Leitgeb B. Conformational similarities and dissimilarities between the stereoisomeric forms of endomorphin-2. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 79:313-25. [PMID: 22117819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, taking into account both the l-d and cis-trans isomerisms, a comprehensive structural characterization and a comparative conformational analysis were performed on the 32 stereoisomeric forms of opioid tetrapeptide, endomorphin-2. For all stereoisomers, the Φ-Ψ and χ conformational spaces were explored, in the course of which the conformational distributions, as well as the rotamer states of aromatic side chains were characterized in detail. Furthermore, the typical β- and γ-turn structures, as well as the characteristic intramolecular interactions (i.e., H-bonds, aromatic-aromatic and proline-aromatic interplays) were determined. The afore-mentioned structural and conformational features identified for each stereoisomeric form were compared with one another, considering all 32 stereoisomers. The results obtained from this comparative study indicated that both similarities and dissimilarities could be observed between the stereoisomeric forms, with regard to their structural and conformational properties. This theoretical work supplied several valuable observations concerning the effects of both l-d and cis-trans isomerisms on the three-dimensional structure of parent peptide and its stereoisomers. Nevertheless, in the course of this structural investigation, it was clarified how the structural and conformational features of stereoisomeric forms differed from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Leitgeb
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
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12
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Four-component pharmacophore model for endomorphins toward μ opioid receptor subtypes. J Mol Model 2011; 18:825-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Mallareddy JR, Borics A, Keresztes A, Kövér KE, Tourwé D, Tóth G. Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity study of novel endomorphin analogues with multiple structural modifications. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1462-72. [PMID: 21287991 DOI: 10.1021/jm101515v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on new proteolytically stable, pharmacologically active endomorphin analogues, incorporating Dmt(1), Achc(2), pFPhe(4), or βMePhe(4) unnatural amino acids. Consistent with earlier results, it was found that the analogues carrying Dmt(1) and Achc(2) residues displayed the highest μ-opioid receptor affinities, depending upon the configuration of the incorporated Achc(2). Combination of such derivatives with pFPhe(4) or βMePhe(4) yielded further compounds with variable binding potencies. Combined application of Dmt(1), cis-(1S,2R)Achc(2), and pFPhe(4) (compound 16) resulted in the most potent analogue. Ligand stimulated [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays indicated that the analogues retained their agonist activities and opioid receptor specificities. NMR and molecular modeling studies of the analogues containing βMePhe(4) or pFPhe(4) confirmed the predominance of bent structures, however, it is apparent that bent structures are energetically more favored than random/extended structures for all studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapal Reddy Mallareddy
- Institute of Biochemistry , Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Liu WX, Wang R. Endomorphins: potential roles and therapeutic indications in the development of opioid peptide analgesic drugs. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:536-80. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
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15
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16
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Structural comparison of μ-opioid receptor selective peptides confirmed four parameters of bioactivity. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 28:495-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Perlikowska R, Fichna J, WyrÄbska A, Poels J, Vanden Broeck J, Toth G, Storr M, do Rego JC, Janecka A. Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Endomorphin Analogues with Non-Cyclic Amino Acid Residues in Position 2. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 106:106-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Torino D, Mollica A, Pinnen F, Lucente G, Feliciani F, Davis P, Lai J, Ma SW, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Synthesis and evaluation of new endomorphin analogues modified at the Pro(2) residue. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4115-8. [PMID: 19560919 PMCID: PMC2737817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Six new endomorphin analogues, incorporating constrained amino acids in place of native proline have been synthesized. Residues of (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze), 3,4-dehydro-(S)-proline (Delta(3)Pro), azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (3Aze) and dehydro-alanine (DeltaAla) have been used to prepare [Delta(3)Pro(2)]EM-2 (1), [Aze(2)]EM-1 (2), [Aze(2)]EM-2 (3), [3Aze(2)]EM-1 (4), [3Aze(2)]EM-2 (5) and [DeltaAla(2)]EM-2 (6). Binding assays and functional bioactivities for mu- and delta-receptors are reported. The highest affinity, bioactivity and selectivity are shown by peptides 2 and 3 containing the Aze residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Torino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco e Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR Sezione di Roma, “Sapienza”, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Pinnen
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gino Lucente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco e Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR Sezione di Roma, “Sapienza”, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Feliciani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Josephine Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Shou-Wu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 85721
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19
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Chen J, Huang LS, Tsai F, Hwang C. Structure–activity relationships of modified C-terminal endomorphin-2 analogues by molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2008; 27:489-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Staniszewska R, Fichna J, Gach K, Toth G, Poels J, Vanden Broeck J, Janecka A. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Endomorphin-2 Analogs Incorporating Piperidine-2-, 3- or 4-Carboxylic Acids Instead of Proline in Position 2. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 72:91-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Keresztes A, Szűcs M, Borics A, Kövér KE, Forró E, Fülöp F, Tömböly C, Péter A, Páhi A, Fábián G, Murányi M, Tóth G. New Endomorphin Analogues Containing Alicyclic β-Amino Acids: Influence on Bioactive Conformation and Pharmacological Profile. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4270-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800223t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Keresztes
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Szűcs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Borics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin E. Kövér
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annamária Páhi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Fábián
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mariann Murányi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Dóm tér 7, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Koda Y, Del Borgo M, Wessling ST, Lazarus LH, Okada Y, Toth I, Blanchfield JT. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a library of modified endomorphin 1 peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6286-96. [PMID: 18468445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin 1 (Endo-1=Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH(2)), an endogenous opioid with high affinity and selectivity for mu-opioid receptors, mediates acute and neuropathic pain in rodents. To overcome metabolic instability and poor membrane permeability, the N- and C-termini of Endo-1 were modified by lipoamino acids (Laa) and/or sugars, and 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) replacement of Tyr. Analogues were assessed for mu-opioid receptor affinity, inhibition of cAMP accumulation, enzymatic stability, and permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers. C-terminus modification decreased receptor affinity, while N-terminus C8-Laa improved stability and permeability with slight change in receptor affinity. Dmt provided a promising lead compound: [C8Laa-Dmt[1]]-Endo-1 is nine times more stable (t(1/2)=43.5min), >8-fold more permeable in Caco-2 cell monolayers, and exhibits 140-fold greater mu-opioid receptor affinity (K(imu)=0.08nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Koda
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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23
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Gentilucci L, Squassabia F, Demarco R, Artali R, Cardillo G, Tolomelli A, Spampinato S, Bedini A. Investigation of the interaction between the atypical agonist c[YpwFG] and MOR. FEBS J 2008; 275:2315-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Tömböly C, Ballet S, Feytens D, Kövér KE, Borics A, Lovas S, Al-Khrasani M, Fürst Z, Tóth G, Benyhe S, Tourwé D. Endomorphin-2 with a β-Turn Backbone Constraint Retains the Potent μ-Opioid Receptor Agonist Properties. J Med Chem 2007; 51:173-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm7010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Steven Ballet
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Debby Feytens
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Katalin E. Kövér
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Attila Borics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Sándor Lovas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Zsuzsanna Fürst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Géza Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary, Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Post Office Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, and Department of Pharmacology and
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25
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Leitgeb B. Structural Investigation of Endomorphins by Experimental and Theoretical Methods: Hunting for the Bioactive Conformation. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:2703-24. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fichna J, Janecka A, Costentin J, Do Rego JC. The endomorphin system and its evolving neurophysiological role. Pharmacol Rev 2007; 59:88-123. [PMID: 17329549 DOI: 10.1124/pr.59.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) and endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) are two endogenous opioid peptides with high affinity and remarkable selectivity for the mu-opioid receptor. The neuroanatomical distribution of endomorphins reflects their potential endogenous role in many major physiological processes, which include perception of pain, responses related to stress, and complex functions such as reward, arousal, and vigilance, as well as autonomic, cognitive, neuroendocrine, and limbic homeostasis. In this review we discuss the biological effects of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in relation to their distribution in the central and peripheral nervous systems. We describe the relationship between these two mu-opioid receptor-selective peptides and endogenous neurohormones and neurotransmitters. We also evaluate the role of endomorphins from the physiological point of view and report selectively on the most important findings in their pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, CNRS FRE 2735, IFRMP 23, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, University of Rouen, 22, Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France
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27
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Li T, Shiotani K, Miyazaki A, Tsuda Y, Ambo A, Sasaki Y, Jinsmaa Y, Marczak E, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Bifunctional [2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine1]endomorphin-2 analogues substituted at position 3 with alkylated phenylalanine derivatives yield potent mixed mu-agonist/delta-antagonist and dual mu-agonist/delta-agonist opioid ligands. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2753-66. [PMID: 17497839 PMCID: PMC2669435 DOI: 10.1021/jm061238m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) and [Dmt1]EM-2 (Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine) analogues, containing alkylated Phe3 derivatives, 2'-monomethyl (2, 2'), 3',5'- and 2',6'-dimethyl (3, 3', and 4', respectively), 2',4',6'-trimethyl (6, 6'), 2'-ethyl-6'-methyl (7, 7'), and 2'-isopropyl-6'-methyl (8, 8') groups or Dmt (5, 5'), had the following characteristics: (i) [Xaa3]EM-2 analogues exhibited improved mu- and delta-opioid receptor affinities. The latter, however, were inconsequential (Kidelta = 491-3451 nM). (ii) [Dmt1,Xaa3]EM-2 analogues enhanced mu- and delta-opioid receptor affinities (Kimu = 0.069-0.32 nM; Kidelta = 1.83-99.8 nM) without kappa-opioid receptor interaction. (iii) There were elevated mu-bioactivity (IC50 = 0.12-14.4 nM) and abolished delta-agonism (IC50 > 10 muM in 2', 3', 4', 5', 6'), although 4' and 6' demonstrated a potent mixed mu-agonism/delta-antagonism (for 4', IC50mu = 0.12 and pA2 = 8.15; for 6', IC50mu = 0.21 nM and pA2 = 9.05) and 7' was a dual mu-agonist/delta-agonist (IC50mu = 0.17 nM; IC50delta = 0.51 nM).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/innervation
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Myenteric Plexus/physiology
- Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects
- Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Synaptosomes/metabolism
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/chemical synthesis
- Tyrosine/pharmacology
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyou Li
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Shiotani
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Anna Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yunden Jinsmaa
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
| | - Ewa Marczak
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
| | - Sharon D. Bryant
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
| | - Lawrence H. Lazarus
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A
- Corresponding authors: Y. Okada: Tel: +81-78-974-1551, fax: +81-78-974-5689., E-mail: . L. H. Lazarus: Tel: +1-919-541-3238, fax: + 1-919-541-5737. E-mail:
| | - Yoshio Okada
- The Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Y. Okada: Tel: +81-78-974-1551, fax: +81-78-974-5689., E-mail: . L. H. Lazarus: Tel: +1-919-541-3238, fax: + 1-919-541-5737. E-mail:
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28
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Shao X, Gao Y, Zhu C, Liu X, Yao J, Cui Y, Wang R. Conformational analysis of endomorphin-2 analogs with phenylalanine mimics by NMR and molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3539-47. [PMID: 17368034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a series of conformations of endomorphin-2 (EM-2) analogs substituted by phenylglycine (Phg) and homophenylalanine (Hfe) in the position 3 or 4 by two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Evaluating the aromatic interactions and the dihedral angles in these phenylalanine mimics, we have observed that the conformations in trans isomer have varied from extended to folded as bioactivity decreases. It is suggested that the flexibility of aromatic side chain affects the backbone of EM-2 to adopt folded structures, which may block the ligands in binding to micro-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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29
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Yu Y, Shao X, Cui Y, Liu HM, Wang CL, Fan YZ, Liu J, Dong SL, Cui YX, Wang R. Structure–Activity Study on the Spatial Arrangement of the Third Aromatic Ring of Endomorphins 1 and 2 Using an Atypical Constrained C Terminus. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:309-17. [PMID: 17285661 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of endomorphins (EMs) has opened the possibility of searching for new analgesics. However, the design of peptide analgesics has proven to be very difficult as a result of their conformational flexibility and a lack of clarity in structure-activity relationships (SAR). In EMs, the amino acid side chains exhibit considerable conformational flexibility, especially in the third aromatic ring, which is free to adopt a bioactive conformation. To resolve these problems, a series of C terminus EM analogues, [Xaa(4)-R]EMs, modified through the substitution of Phe(4) with nonaromatic residues and termination with benzyl groups, were designed to generate conformational constrains of the third aromatic ring by amide bond and torsion angles (phi(4) and psi(4)) of Xaa(4). Introduction of (S)-alpha-methyl or (S)/(R)-alpha-carboxamide on the methylene unit of the benzyl group was designed to produce an atypical topographical constraint (phi(5)) of the third aromatic ring rotation. Interestingly, some EM derivatives, with elimination of the C-terminal carboxamide group and significant changes in the address sequence (Phe(4)-NH(2)), still exhibited higher mu-opioid receptor (MOR) affinity than unmodified EMs. In contrast, some analogues with incorrectly constrained C termini displayed very low affinity and pharmacological activities. Thus, our results indicate that these EM analogues, with atypical constrained C termini, provide model compounds with potent MOR agonism. They also give evidence that the proper spatial orientation and conformational restriction of the third aromatic ring are crucial for the interaction of EMs with MOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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30
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Synthesis of 4-amino-3-oxo-tetrahydroazepino[3,4-b]indoles: new conformationally constrained Trp analogs. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Keresztes A, Tóth G, Fülöp F, Szucs M. Synthesis, radiolabeling and receptor binding of [3H][(1S,2R)ACPC2]endomorphin-2. Peptides 2006; 27:3315-21. [PMID: 17084945 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that substitution of Pro(2) for cis-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid, ACPC in endomorphin-2 results in an analogue with greatly augmented proteolytic stability, high mu-opioid receptor affinity and selectivity. We now report the synthesis and biochemical characterization of [(3)H][(1S,2R)ACPC(2)]endomorphin-2 with a specific activity of 1.41 TBq/mmol (38.17 Ci/mmol). Specific binding of [(3)H][(1S,2R)ACPC(2)]endomorphin-2 was saturable and of high affinity with an equilibrium dissociation constant, K(d)=1.80+/-0.21nM and receptor density, B(max)=345+/-27 fmol x mg protein(-1) at 25 degrees C in rat brain membranes. Similar affinity values were obtained in kinetic and displacement assays. Both Na(+) and Gpp(NH)p decreased the affinity proving the agonist character of the radioligand. [(3)H][(1S,2R)ACPC(2)]endomorphin-2 retained the mu-specificity of the parent peptide. The new radioligand will be a useful tool to map the topographical requirements of mu-opioid peptide binding due to its high affinity, selectivity and enzymatic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Keresztes
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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32
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Yu Y, Wang CL, Cui Y, Fan YZ, Liu J, Shao X, Liu HM, Wang R. C-terminal amide to alcohol conversion changes the cardiovascular effects of endomorphins in anesthetized rats. Peptides 2006; 27:136-43. [PMID: 16139930 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin1-ol (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-ol, EM1-ol) and endomorphin2-ol (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-ol, EM2-ol), with C-terminal alcohol (-ol) containing, have been shown to exhibit higher affinity and lower intrinsic efficacy in vitro than endomorphins. In the present study, in order to investigate the alterations of systemic hemodynamic effects induced by C-terminal amide to alcohol conversion, responses to intravenous (i.v.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of EM1-ol, EM2-ol and their parents were compared in the system arterial pressure (SAP) and heart rate (HR) of anesthetized rats. Both EM1-ol and EM2-ol induced dose-related decrease in SAP and HR when injected in doses of 3-100 nmol/kg, i.v. In terms of relative vasodepressor activity, it is interesting to note that EM2-ol was more potent than endomorphin2 [the dose of 25% decrease in SAP (DD25) = 6.01+/-3.19 and 13.99+/-1.56 nmol/kg, i.v., respectively] at a time when responses to EM1-ol were less potent than endomorphin1. Moreover, decreases in SAP in response to EM1-ol and EM2-ol were reduced by naloxone, atropine sulfate, L-NAME and bilateral vagotomy. It indicated that the vasodepressor responses were possibly mediated by a naloxone-sensitive, nitric oxide release, vagus-activated mechanism. It is noteworthy that i.c.v. injections of -ol derivatives produced dose-related decreases in SAP and HR, which were significantly less potent than endomorphins and were attenuated by naloxone and atropine sulfate. In summary, the results of the present study indicated that the C-terminal amide to alcohol conversion produced different effects on the vasodepressor activity of endomorphin1 and endomorphin2 and endowed EM2-ol distinctive hypotension characters in peripheral (i.v.) and central (i.c.v.) tissues. Moreover, these results provided indirect evidence that amidated C-terminus might play an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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33
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In Y, Minoura K, Tomoo K, Sasaki Y, Lazarus LH, Okada Y, Ishida T. Structural function of C-terminal amidation of endomorphin. FEBS J 2005; 272:5079-97. [PMID: 16176278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the structural function of the C-terminal amide group of endomorphin-2 (EM2, H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)), an endogenous micro-opioid receptor ligand, the solution conformations of EM2 and its C-terminal free acid (EM2OH, H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-OH) in TFE (trifluoroethanol), water (pH 2.7 and 5.2), and aqueous DPC (dodecylphosphocholine) micelles (pH 3.5 and 5.2) were investigated by the combination of 2D (1)H-NMR measurement and molecular modelling calculation. Both peptides were in equilibrium between the cis and trans rotamers around the Tyr--Pro w bond with population ratios of 1 : 1 to 1 : 2 in dimethyl sulfoxide, TFE and water, whereas they predominantly took the trans rotamer in DPC micelle, except in EM2OH at pH 5.2, which had a trans/cis rotamer ratio of 2 : 1. Fifty possible 3D conformers were generated for each peptide, taking different electronic states depending on the type of solvent and pH (neutral and monocationic forms for EM2, and zwitterionic and monocation forms for EM2OH) by the dynamical simulated annealing method, under the proton-proton distance constraints derived from the ROE cross-peak intensities. These conformers were then roughly classified into four groups of two open [reverse S (rS)- and numerical 7 (n7)-type] and two folded (F1- and F2-type) conformers according to the conformational pattern of the backbone structure. Most EM2 conformers in neutral (in TFE) and monocationic (in water and DPC micelles) forms adopted the open structure (mixture of major rS-type and minor n7-type conformers) despite the trans/cis rotamer form. On the other hand, the zwitterionic EM2OH in TFE, water and DPC micelles showed an increased population of F1- and F2-type folded conformers, the population of which varied depending on their electronic state and pH. Most of these folded conformers took an F1-type structure similar to that stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond of (Tyr1)NH(3) (+)...COO(-)(Phe4), observed in its crystal structure. These results show that the substitution of a carboxyl group for the C-terminal amide group makes the peptide structure more flexible and leads to the ensemble of folded and open conformers. The conformational requirement of EM2 for binding to the micro-opioid receptor and the structural function of the C-terminal amide group are discussed on the basis of the present conformational features of EM2 and EM2OH and a possible model for binding to the micro-opioid receptor, constructed from the template structure of rhodopsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko In
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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Leitgeb B, Tóth G. Aromatic–aromatic and proline–aromatic interactions in endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:674-86. [PMID: 15935902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the aromatic-aromatic and proline-aromatic interactions in endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, and different types of these interactions were observed. For all the interacting pairs, the preferred geometric orientations were identified. We examined these interactions in the preferred secondary structures, which are different types of beta-turns and gamma-turns. These results revealed that the majority of the turn structures contained one of the interacting aromatic-aromatic or proline-aromatic pairs. On the basis of our results, it can be assumed that these interactions may be important in the determination and stabilization of the structures of endomorphins. Furthermore, our observations suggest that a conformation stabilized by an aromatic-aromatic or proline-aromatic interaction can play an important role in the association with the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Leitgeb
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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35
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Zhao QY, Chen Q, Yang DJ, Feng Y, Long Y, Wang P, Wang R. Endomorphin 1[ψ] and endomorphin 2[ψ], endomorphins analogues containing a reduced (CH2NH) amide bond between Tyr1 and Pro2, display partial agonist potency but significant antinociception. Life Sci 2005; 77:1155-65. [PMID: 15878600 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin 1 (EM1) and endomorphin 2 (EM2) are highly potent and selective mu-opioid receptor agonists and have significant antinociceptive action. In the mu-selective pocket of endomorphins (EMs), Pro2 residue is a spacer and directs the Tyr1 and Trp3/Phe3 side chains into the required orientation. The present work was designed to substitute the peptide bond between Tyr1 and Pro2 of EMs with a reduced (CH2NH) bond and study the agonist potency and antinociception of EM1[psi] (Tyr[psi(CH2NH)]Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) and EM2[psi] (Tyr[psi(CH2NH)]Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2). Both EM1[psi] and EM2[psi] are partial mu opioid receptor agonists showing significant loss of agonist potency in GPI assay. However, EMs[psi] exhibited potent supraspinal antinociceptive action in vivo. In the mice tail-flick test, EMs[psi] (1, 5, 10 nmol/mouse, i.c.v.) produced potent and short-lasting antinociception in a dose-dependent and naloxone (1 mg/kg) reversed manner. At the highest dose of 10 nmol, the effect of EM2[psi] was prolonged and more significant than that of EM2. In the rat model of formalin injection induced inflammatory pain, EMs[psi] (0.1, 1, 10 nmol/rat, i.c.v.), like EMs, exerted transient but not dose-dependent antinociception. These results suggested that in the mu-selective pocket of EMs, the rigid conformation induced by the peptide bond between Tyr1 and Pro2 is essential to regulate their agonist properties at the mu opioid receptors. However, the increased conformational flexibility induced by the reduced (CH2NH) bond made less influence on their antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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36
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Grieco P, Giusti L, Carotenuto A, Campiglia P, Calderone V, Lama T, Gomez-Monterrey I, Tartaro G, Mazzoni MR, Novellino E. Morphiceptin Analogues Containing a Dipeptide Mimetic Structure: An Investigation on the Bioactive Topology at the μ-Receptor. J Med Chem 2005; 48:3153-63. [PMID: 15857121 DOI: 10.1021/jm040867y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the design, the conformational behavior, and the biological activity at the mu-opioid receptor of new morphiceptin analogues. In these analogues a recently described dipeptide mimetic structure replaces both the N- and the C-terminal Xaa-Pro dipeptide of morphiceptin. Conformational investigation on the most active analogue, compared to the parent peptide, indicates a high degree of structural tolerance within the mu-opioid receptor binding site. In fact, our results indicate that only the location and the relative orientation of the side chains of the aromatic pharmacophoric residues represent the indispensable structural features for mu-receptor binding. To reach such topological arrangement, opioid peptides can adopt different conformations and configurations. In particular, opioid peptides bearing a proline residue as spacer between the two aromatic residues can adopt, in the active state, both cis and trans configurations at the Tyr(1)-Pro(2) amide bond, each of them with the appropriate backbone and side chains orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Grieco
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", I-80131 Napoli, Italy
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37
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Tyndall JDA, Pfeiffer B, Abbenante G, Fairlie DP. Over One Hundred Peptide-Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptors Recognize Ligands with Turn Structure. Chem Rev 2005; 105:793-826. [PMID: 15755077 DOI: 10.1021/cr040689g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D A Tyndall
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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38
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Fujita Y, Tsuda Y, Li T, Motoyama T, Takahashi M, Shimizu Y, Yokoi T, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Kita A, Jinsmaa Y, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH, Okada Y. Development of potent bifunctional endomorphin-2 analogues with mixed mu-/delta-opioid agonist and delta-opioid antagonist properties. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3591-9. [PMID: 15214786 DOI: 10.1021/jm030649p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The C terminus of endomorphin-2 (EM-2) analogues (Tyr-Pro-Phe-NH-X) was modified with aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aliphatic groups (X = phenethyl,benzyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl, or adamantyl; 3-18) to study their effect on opioid activity. Only 9 (1-naphthyl), 11 (5-quinolyl), 16 (cyclohexyl), and 18 (2-adamantyl) exhibited mu-opioid receptor affinity in the nanomolar range (K(i) = 2.41-6.59 nM), which, however, was 3- to 10-fold less than the parent peptide. Replacement of Tyr(1) by Dmt (2',6'-dimethyl-l-tyrosine) (19-32) exerted profound effects: (i) acquisition of high mu-opioid receptor affinity (K(i) = 0.11-0.52 nM) except 23 (Ph); (ii) presence of potent functional mu-opioid receptor agonism (IC(50) < 1 nM) for 19 ([Dmt(1)]EM-2), 27 (1-naphthyl), 29 (5-quinolyl), and 32 (5-isolquinolyl); (iii) association of weak delta-opioid antagonist activity (pA(2) = 5.41-7.18) except 19 ([Dmt(1)]EM-2), 20 (H), 27 (1-naphthyl), and in particular 29 (5-quinolyl) with its potent delta-agonism (IC(50) = 0.62 nM, pA(2) = 5.88); (iv) production of antinociception after ic administration of 32 (5-isoquinolyl) in mice, a bioactivity absent in the corresponding Tyr(1) analogue (14); and (v) preferential cis orientation (cis/trans = 3:2 to 7:3) at the Dmt-Pro amide bond, in contrast to the Tyr-Pro amide trans orientation (cis/trans = 1:2 to 1:3). Thus, [Dmt(1)]EM-2 analogues with hydrophobic C-terminal extensions provide model compounds with potent mu-opioid receptor bioactivity and dual functional agonism.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics/chemistry
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/innervation
- Ileum/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/innervation
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects
- Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Pain Measurement
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Stereoisomerism
- Vas Deferens/drug effects
- Vas Deferens/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Fujita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and High Technology Research Center, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
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39
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Tömböly C, Kövér KE, Péter A, Tourwé D, Biyashev D, Benyhe S, Borsodi A, Al-Khrasani M, Rónai AZ, Tóth G. Structure−Activity Study on the Phe Side Chain Arrangement of Endomorphins Using Conformationally Constrained Analogues. J Med Chem 2003; 47:735-43. [PMID: 14736254 DOI: 10.1021/jm0310028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphins-1 and -2 were substituted with all the beta-MePhe stereoisomers in their Phe residues to generate a conformationally constrained peptide set. This series of molecules was subjected to biological assays, and for beta-MePhe(4)-endomorphins-2, a conformational analysis was performed. Incorporation of (2S,3S)-beta-MePhe(4) resulted in the most potent analogues of both endomorphins with enhanced enzymatic stability. Their micro opioid affinities were 4-times higher than the parent peptides, they stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding, and they were found to be full agonists. NMR experiments revealed that C-terminal (2S,3S)-beta-MePhe in endomorphin-2 strongly favored the gauche (-) spatial orientation which implies the presence of the chi(1) = -60 degrees rotamer of Phe(4) in the binding conformer of endomorphins. Our results emphasize that the appropriate orientation of the C-terminal aromatic side chain of endomorphins is substantial for binding to the micro opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6701 Szeged, P.O. Box 521, Hungary
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40
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Ötvös F, Körtvélyesi T, Tóth G. Structure-activity relationships of endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2 and morphiceptin by molecular dynamics methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2003.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Leitgeb B, Szekeres A. Exploring the conformational space of the μ-opioid agonists endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2003.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Leitgeb B, Szekeres A, Tóth G. Conformational analysis of endomorphin-1 by molecular dynamics methods. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2003; 62:145-57. [PMID: 12969194 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2003.00084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-1 (EM1, H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2) is a highly potent and selective agonist for the mu-opioid receptor. A conformational analysis of this tetrapeptide was carried out by simulated annealing and molecular dynamics methods. EM1 was modeled in the neutral (NH2-) and cationic (NH-) forms of the N-terminal amino group. The results of NMR measurements were utilized to perform simulations with restrained cis and trans Tyr1-Pro2 peptide bonds. Preferred conformational regions in the Phi 2-Psi 2, Phi 3-Psi 3 and Phi 4-Psi 4 Ramachandran plots were identified. The g(+), g(-) and trans rotamer populations of the side-chains of the Tyr1, Trp3 and Phe4 residues were determined in chi 1 space. The distances between the N-terminal N atom and the other backbone N and O atoms, and the distances between the centers of the aromatic side-chain rings and the Pro2 ring were measured. The preferred secondary structures were determined as different types of beta-turns and gamma-turns. In the conformers of trans-EM1, an inverse gamma-turn can be formed in the N-terminal region, but in the conformers of cis-EM1 the N-terminal inverse gamma-turn is absent. Regular and inverse gamma-turns were observed in the C-terminal region in both isomers. These beta- and gamma-turns were stabilized by intramolecular H-bonds and bifurcated H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leitgeb
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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43
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Okada Y, Fujita Y, Motoyama T, Tsuda Y, Yokoi T, Li T, Sasaki Y, Ambo A, Jinsmaa Y, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH. Structural studies of [2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine1]endomorphin-2 analogues: enhanced activity and cis orientation of the Dmt-Pro amide bond. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1983-94. [PMID: 12670649 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Analogues of endomorphin-2 (EM-2: Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)) (1) were designed to examine the importance of each residue on mu-opioid receptor interaction. Replacement of Tyr(1) by 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt) (9-12) exerted profound effects: [Dmt(1)]EM-2 (9) elevated mu-opioid affinity 4.6-fold (K(i mu=0.15 nM) yet selectivity fell 330-fold as delta-affinity rose (K(i)delta=28.2 nM). This simultaneous increased mu- and delta-receptor bioactivities resulted in dual agonism (IC(50)=0.07 and 1.87 nM, respectively). While substitution of Phe(4) by a phenethyl group (4) decreased mu affinity (K(i)mu=13.3 nM), the same derivative containing Dmt (12) was comparable to EM-2 but also acquired weak delta antagonism (pA(2)=7.05). 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed a trans configuration (1:2 to 1:3, cis/trans) in the Tyr-Pro amide bond, but a cis configuration (5:3 to 13:7, cis/trans) with Dmt-Pro analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Okada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2180, Japan.
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44
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Okada Y, Tsuda Y, Bryant SD, Lazarus LH. Endomorphins and related opioid peptides. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2003; 65:257-79. [PMID: 12481550 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(02)65067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Opioid peptides and their G-protein-coupled receptors (delta, kappa, mu) are located in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. The opioid system has been studied to determine the intrinsic mechanism of modulation of pain and to develop uniquely effective pain-control substances with minimal abuse potential and side effects. Two types of endogenous opioid peptides exist, one containing Try-Gly-Gly-Phe as the message domain (enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins) and the other containing the Tyr-Pro-Phe/Trp sequence (endomorphins-1 and -2). Endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2), which has high mu receptor affinity (Ki = 0.36 nM) and remarkable selectivity (4000- and 15,000-fold preference over the delta and kappa receptors, respectively), was isolated from bovine and human brain. In addition, endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2), isolated from the same sources, exhibited high mu receptor affinity (Ki = 0.69 nM) and very high selectivity (13,000- and 7500-fold preference relative to delta and kappa receptors, respectively). Both opioids bind to mu-opioid receptors, thereby activating G-proteins, resulting in regulation of gastrointestinal motility, manifestation of antinociception, and effects on the vascular systems and memory. To develop novel analgesics with less addictive properties, evaluation of the structure-activity relationships of the endomorphins led to the design of more potent and stable analgesics. Opioidmimetics and opioid peptides containing the amino acid sequence of the message domain of endomorphins, Tyr-Pro-Phe/Trp, could exhibit unique binding activity and lead to the development of new therapeutic drugs for controlling pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Okada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, High Technology Research Center, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
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45
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Cardillo G, Gentilucci L, Tolomelli A, Qasem AR, Spampinato S, Calienni M. Conformational analysis and μ-opioid receptor affinity of short peptides, endomorphin models in a low polarity solvent. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:3010-4. [PMID: 14518122 DOI: 10.1039/b306161m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide carbamates containing the sequence H-Pro-Trp-PheNH2 showed in CDCl3 restricted conformations stabilized by the presence of a gamma-turn. To test the reliability of the peptides as endomorphin conformational models, we measured the affinities for mu-receptors labelled with [3H]-DAMGO. In particular, Cbz-Pro-Trp-PheNH2 displayed a nanomolar affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cardillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, C.S.F.M., Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126-Bologna, Italy.
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46
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Ashish A, Kishore R. Folded conformation of an immunostimulating tetrapeptide rigin: high temperature molecular dynamics simulation study. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:4083-90. [PMID: 12413862 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Employing high temperature quenched molecular dynamics (QMD) stimulations the conformational energy space of an immunostimulating tetrapeptide rigin: H-Gly341-Gln-Pro-Arg344-OH, is explored. Using distance dependent dielectric (epsilon =r(ij)) 31 different low energy starting structures with identical sequence were computed for their conformational preferences. According to the hypothesis of O'Connors et al. [J. Med. Chem. 35 (1992), 2870], 83 low-energy conformers resulted from unrestrained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, could be classified into two energy minimized families: A and B, comprised of 64 (Pro C(gamma)-endo orientation) and 19 (Pro C(gamma)-exo orientation) structures, respectively. An examination of these families revealed the existence of a remarkably similar folded backbone conformation: torsion angles being phi(i+1) approximately -65 degrees, psi(i+1) approximately -65 degrees, phi(i+2) approximately -65 degrees, psi(i+2) approximately -60 degrees, characterizing a distorted type III beta-turn structure across the central Gln-Pro segment. The folded conformation of rigin is devoid of a classical 1 <-- 4 intra-molecular hydrogen bond nevertheless, the conformation is stabilized by an effective 'salt-bridge', i.e., Gly H(3)N(+)...C(alpha)OO(-) Arg interaction. Surprisingly, in both the families the unusual folded side-chain dispositions of the Gln residue favor the formation of a unique intra-residue 'main-chain to side-chain' H-bond, i.e., N(alpha)-H...N(epsilon) interaction, encompassing a seven-membered ring motif. The conformational attributes may be valuable in de novo construction of structure-based drug candidates having sufficient stimulating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ashish
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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47
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Doi M, Asano A, Komura E, Ueda Y. The structure of an endomorphin analogue incorporating 1-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxlylic acid for proline is similar to the beta-turn of Leu-enkephalin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 297:138-42. [PMID: 12220521 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin (EM2, Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)) can assume various conformations related to cis/trans-rotamers of the amide linkage of Tyr-Pro. To control isomerization, restricted or flexible components have been introduced at the Pro position. We focused on [Chx(2)]EM2, an EM2 analogue substituting 1-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxlylic acid (Chx) for Pro. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that [Chx(2)]EM2 is folded into the trans-form of Tyr-Chx. The manner of folding resembled that seen in D-TIPP, an EM analogue incorporating tetrahydroisoquinoline carboxylic acid, as well as the beta-turn of Leu-enkephalin. Selectivity for the opioid mu-receptor was fairly well conserved by [Chx(2)]EM, suggesting that the folded form is important for mu-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunobu Doi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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48
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Cardillo G, Gentilucci L, Qasem AR, Sgarzi F, Spampinato S. Endomorphin-1 analogues containing beta-proline are mu-opioid receptor agonists and display enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis resistance. J Med Chem 2002; 45:2571-8. [PMID: 12036366 DOI: 10.1021/jm011059z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the synthesis and affinity toward the mu-opioid receptor of some tetrapeptides obtained from endomorphin-1, H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH(2) (1), by substituting each amino acid in turn with its homologue. The ability to bind mu-opioid receptors depends on the beta-amino acid, and in particular 4, which contains beta-L-Pro, has a K(I) in the nanomolar range. The peptides 4 and 5 are significantly more resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis than 1. The same compounds, as well as the mu-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO, produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation, thus behaving as mu-opioid agonists. These features suggest that this novel class of endomorphin-1 analogues may represent suitable candidates for the in vivo investigation as potential mu-opioid receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cardillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, via Selmi 2, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 40126-Bologna, Italy
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Eguchi M, Shen RYW, Shea JP, Lee MS, Kahn M. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of opioid analogues with non-peptidic beta-turn scaffold: enkephalin and endomorphin mimetics. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1395-8. [PMID: 11906279 DOI: 10.1021/jm0155897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a mu-selective opioid receptor agonist without a cationic amino group in the molecule from libraries of bicyclic beta-turn peptidomimetics. The biologically active conformation of the lead is proposed to mimic an endomorphin type III 4 --> 1 beta-turn conformation.
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Lengyel I, Orosz G, Biyashev D, Kocsis L, Al-Khrasani M, Rónai A, Tömböly C, Fürst Z, Tóth G, Borsodi A. Side chain modifications change the binding and agonist properties of endomorphin 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 290:153-61. [PMID: 11779147 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Side chain modifications were introduced to endomorphin 2 (E2) to improve its binding properties and biological activity. A number of C-terminal modifications decreased the binding affinity to the mu-opioid receptor and the intrinsic activity in rat brain membranes. The exception was E2-ol, which showed increased binding affinity to MOR and higher potency in stimulating [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding. N-methylation of Phe(3) (MePhe(3)) attenuated the binding affinity and produced a rightward shift of [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding curves. All derivatives had lower intrinsic activity than E2. Some of the modified peptides partially inhibited, while YPF-benzyl-allyl-amide fully inhibited, the E2 or [d-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Gly(5)ol]enkephalin stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding. Marked differences were found between the results obtained using tritiated E2, tritiated naloxone, and [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding, indicating the possible involvement of multiple binding sites. The data presented demonstrate that the C-terminal amide group has an essential role in the regulation of the binding and the agonist/antagonist properties of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
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