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Liu Q, Wu X, Liu C, Wang N, Yin F, Wu H, Cao S, Zhao W, Wu H, Zhou A. Metabolomic and biochemical changes in the plasma and liver of toxic milk mice model of Wilson disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116255. [PMID: 38795427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder characterized by abnormal copper metabolism with complex pathological features. Currently, this mechanism of copper overload-induced hepatic injury remains unclear. In this study, male toxic milk (TX) mice were selected as experimental subjects. Copper levels and biochemical indices were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and kits. Liver tissue ultrastructure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), sirius red staining and transmission electron microscopy. Plasma and liver metabolic profiles of TX mice were characterized by untargeted metabolomics. In addition, the expression of enzymes related to arachidonic acid metabolism in liver tissue was detected by Western blotting. The results showed the excessive copper content, concomitant oxidative stress, and hepatic tissue structural damage in TX mice. Seventy-eight metabolites were significantly different in WD, mainly involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, niacin and nicotinamide, and phenylalanine. Furthermore, the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway is an important pathway involved in WD metabolism. The level of arachidonic acid in the liver of TX mice was significantly lower (p < 0.01) compared to the control group. The expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12), related to the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, was significantly different in the liver of TX mice (p < 0.01). Modulation of the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate WD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Fengxia Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Functional Activity and Resource Utilization on Edible and Medicinal Fungi Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Shijian Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15219, USA
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Functional Activity and Resource Utilization on Edible and Medicinal Fungi Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - An Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Functional Activity and Resource Utilization on Edible and Medicinal Fungi Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230038, China.
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Parra-Millán R, Jiménez-Mejías ME, Ayerbe-Algaba R, Domínguez-Herrera J, Díaz C, Pérez Del Palacio J, Pachón J, Smani Y. Impact of the immune response modification by lysophosphatidylcholine in the efficacy of antibiotic therapy of experimental models of peritoneal sepsis and pneumonia by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: LPC therapeutic effect in combined therapy. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:14-21. [PMID: 34991848 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune response stimulation may be an adjuvant to antimicrobial treatment. Here, we evaluated the impact of immune response modification by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), combined with imipenem or ceftazidime, in murine models of peritoneal sepsis (PS) and pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS The imipenem and ceftazidime-susceptible strain (Pa39) and imipenem and ceftazidime-resistant strain (Pa238) were used. Ceftazidime pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were determined. The therapeutic efficacy and TNF-α and IL-10 levels were determined in murine models of PS and pneumonia induced by Pa39 and Pa238 and treated with LPC, imipenem or ceftazidime, alone or in combination. RESULTS In the PS model, LPC+ceftazidime reduced spleen and lung Pa238 concentrations (-3.45 and -3.56log10CFU/g; P<0.05) to a greater extent than ceftazidime monotherapy, while LPC+imipenem maintained the imipenem efficacy (-1.66 and -1.45log10CFU/g; P>0.05). In the pneumonia model, LPC+ceftazidime or LPC+imipenem reduced the lung Pa238 concentrations (-2.37log10CFU/g, P=0.1, or -1.35log10CFU/g, P=0.75). For Pa39, no statistically significant difference was observed in the PS and pneumonia models between combined therapy and monotherapy. Moreover, LPC+imipenem and LPC+ceftazidime significantly decreased and increased the TNF-α and IL-10 levels, respectively, in comparison with the untreated controls and monotherapies. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the impact of immune response modification by LPC plus antibiotics on the prognosis of infections induced by ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Parra-Millán
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel E Jiménez-Mejías
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ayerbe-Algaba
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Domínguez-Herrera
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Fundación Centro De Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Fundación MEDINA, Granada, Spain
| | - José Pérez Del Palacio
- Fundación Centro De Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Fundación MEDINA, Granada, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Younes Smani
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Liu J, Nile SH, Xu G, Wang Y, Kai G. Systematic exploration of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax ginseng as immune regulators: Insights from the comparative biological and computational analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153077. [PMID: 31477352 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune system plays a decisive role for defending various pathogenic microorganisms. Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Panax ginseng (PG) are two tonic herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as immune booster and help to control diseases with their healthy synergistic effect on immune system. PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the promote effect and molecular mechanisms of AM and PG on immune system as booster and to control the target diseases using animal and computational systematic study. METHODS Computational models including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) with weighted ensemble similarity (WES) algorithm-based models and ClueGo network analysis were used to find the potential bioactive compounds targets and pathways, which were responsible for immune regulation. Viscera index analysis, proliferation activity of splenic lymphocytes and cytotoxic activity of NK cells assays were performed to validate the effect of AM and PG on immune system of long-term administrated mice. Metabonomic study of mice plasma was conducted to investigate effect of AM and PG on the endogenous metabolic perturbations, together with correlation analysis. RESULTS AM and PG simultaneously showed the ability to strengthen the immune system function including enhancement of spleen and thymus index, proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and cytotoxic activity of NK cells. Besides, the different molecular mechanisms of AM and PG on immune regulation were also investigated by analyzing the potential bioactive compounds, enzymes actions and pathways. Quercetin, formononetin and kaempferol were the main immune-related compounds in AM, while ginsenoside Ra1, ginsenoside Rh1 and kaempferol in PG. About 10 target proteins were found close to immune regulation, including acetylcholinesterase (ACHE, common target in AM and PG), sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1), cytidine deaminase (CDA), and Choline O-acetyltransferase (CHAT). Glycerophospholipid metabolism was regulated in both AM and PG groups. Pyrimidine metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism were considered as the special pathway in AM groups. Energy metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism were the special pathways in PG groups. CONCLUSION A novel comprehensive molecular mechanism analysis method was established and applied to clarify the scientific connotation of AM and PG as immune regulation, with similar herbal tonic effect provided in clinical practice of TCM, which can provide a new line of research for drug development (immune booster) using AM and PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of TCM, University of Jiangxi TCM, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China.
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Yang X, Li X, Luo M, Guo Y, Li C, Lv D, Cheng Z, Huang L, Shang FF, Huang B, Shen J, Luo S, Yan J. Tubeimoside I promotes angiogenesis via activation of eNOS-VEGF signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113642. [PMID: 33264658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tubeimoside I (TBM) is a triterpenoid saponin purified from tubeimu (tuber of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet). In traditional Chinese medicine, tubeimu had been used to treat acute mastitis, snake bites, detoxication, inflammatory diseases, and tumors for over 1000 years. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate whether TBM could promote angiogenesis and how to promote angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, the pro-angiogenic effects of TBM were examined using the hindlimb ischemia model. After the ischemia operation, 1 mg/kg/day TBM was given via intraperitoneal injection for 28 days and the recovery of blood flow was monitored by Doppler scanner every 7 days. The capillary density in gastrocnemius muscle was detected by immunofluorescence. Expression of related proteins were determined by western blotting. In vitro, the pro-angiogenic effects of TBM on HUVECs were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8, scratch assay, endothelial cell tube formation assay and western blotting. RESULTS TBM improved recovery from hindlimb ischemia in C57BL/6 mice. TBM promoted endothelial cell viability, migration and tube formation in HUVECs. TBM could activate eNOS-VEGF signaling pathway by enhancing expression of eNOS. And TBM's pro-angiogenesis effects could be abolished by L-NAME (an inhibitor of eNOS). CONCLUSIONS TBM promoted angiogenesis via the activation of eNOS-VEGF signaling pathway and TBM could be a novel agent for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xingbing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Minghao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yongzheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dingyi Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Longxiang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Fei-Fei Shang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Bi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Jianghong Yan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Cheng Y, Liu Y, Tan J, Sun Y, Guan W, Liu Y, Yang B, Kuang H. Spleen and thymus metabolomics strategy to explore the immunoregulatory mechanism of total withanolides from the leaves of Datura metel L. on imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin dermatitis in mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4881. [PMID: 32396241 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated that total withanolides of Datura metel L. leaves (TWD) exhibited excellent therapeutic effects on psoriasis. However, current knowledge of its mechanisms is incomplete. In this study, integrated spleen and thymus untargeted metabolomics were used to analyze the changes in endogenous metabolites underlying the immunosuppressive activity of TWD on psoriasis animal models induced by imiquimod. The results suggested that TWD treatment markedly attenuated imiquimod-induced psoriasis and showed significant immunosuppressive activity as evidenced by decreased elevation index of spleen and thymus. Meanwhile, TWD significantly reversed the elevation of immunoregulatory factors, including IL-10, IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23. Multivariate trajectory analysis revealed that TWD treatment could restore the psoriasis-disturbed spleen and thymus metabolite profiles towards the normal metabolic status. A total of 25 and 27 metabolites associated with the immunomodulatory effects for which levels changed markedly upon treatment have been identified in spleen and thymus, respectively. These differential metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Our investigation provided a holistic view of TWD for intervention in psoriasis through immunoregulation and provided further scientific information in vivo about a clinical value of TWD for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Parra-Millán R, Jiménez-Mejías ME, Ayerbe-Algaba R, Domínguez-Herrera J, Díaz C, Pérez Del Palacio J, Pachón J, Smani Y. Impact of the immune response modification by lysophosphatidylcholine in the efficacy of antibiotic therapy of experimental models of peritoneal sepsis and pneumonia by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: LPC therapeutic effect in combined therapy. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 40:S0213-005X(20)30233-0. [PMID: 32674904 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune response stimulation may be an adjuvant to antimicrobial treatment. Here, we evaluated the impact of immune response modification by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), combined with imipenem or ceftazidime, in murine models of peritoneal sepsis (PS) and pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS The imipenem and ceftazidime-susceptible strain (Pa39) and imipenem and ceftazidime-resistant strain (Pa238) were used. Ceftazidime pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were determined. The therapeutic efficacy and TNF-α and IL-10 levels were determined in murine models of PS and pneumonia induced by Pa39 and Pa238 and treated with LPC, imipenem or ceftazidime, alone or in combination. RESULTS In the PS model, LPC+ceftazidime reduced spleen and lung Pa238 concentrations (-3.45 and -3.56log10CFU/g; P<0.05) to a greater extent than ceftazidime monotherapy, while LPC+imipenem maintained the imipenem efficacy (-1.66 and -1.45log10CFU/g; P>0.05). In the pneumonia model, LPC+ceftazidime or LPC+imipenem reduced the lung Pa238 concentrations (-2.37log10CFU/g, P=0.1, or -1.35log10CFU/g, P=0.75). For Pa39, no statistically significant difference was observed in the PS and pneumonia models between combined therapy and monotherapy. Moreover, LPC+imipenem and LPC+ceftazidime significantly decreased and increased the TNF-α and IL-10 levels, respectively, in comparison with the untreated controls and monotherapies. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the impact of immune response modification by LPC plus antibiotics on the prognosis of infections induced by ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Parra-Millán
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel E Jiménez-Mejías
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ayerbe-Algaba
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Domínguez-Herrera
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Fundación Centro De Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Fundación MEDINA, Granada, Spain
| | - José Pérez Del Palacio
- Fundación Centro De Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Fundación MEDINA, Granada, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Younes Smani
- Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Hsu WH, Lee CH, Chao YM, Kuo CH, Ku WC, Chen CC, Lin YL. ASIC3-dependent metabolomics profiling of serum and urine in a mouse model of fibromyalgia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12123. [PMID: 31431652 PMCID: PMC6702159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread pain. The pathogenesis of FM remains unclear. No specific biomarkers are available. Animal models of FM may provide an opportunity to explore potential biomarkers in a relative homogenous disease condition. Here, we probed the metabolomics profiles of serum and urine in a mouse model of FM induced by intermittent cold stress (ICS). We focused on the role of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) in the metabolomics profiling because ICS treatment induced chronic widespread muscle pain lasting for 1 month in wild-type (Asic3+/+) but not Asic3-knockout (Asic3−/−) mice. Serum and urine samples were collected from both genotypes at different ICS stages, including before ICS (basal level) and post-ICS at days 10 (middle phase, P10) and 40 (recovery phase, P40). Control naïve mice and ICS-induced FM mice differed in 1H-NMR- and LC-MS-based metabolomics profiling. On pathway analysis, the leading regulated pathways in Asic3+/+ mice were taurine and hypotaurine, cysteine and methionine, glycerophospholipid, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolisms, and the major pathways in Asic3−/− mice involved amino acid-related metabolism. Finally, we developed an algorithm for the impactful metabolites in the FM model including cis-aconitate, kynurenate, taurine, pyroglutamic acid, pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid, and 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid in urine as well as carnitine, deoxycholic acid, lysoPC(16:0), lysoPC(20:3), oleoyl-L-carnitine, and trimethylamine N-oxide in serum. Asic3−/− mice were impaired in only muscle allodynia development but not other pain symptoms in the ICS model, so the ASIC3-dependent metabolomics changes could be useful for developing diagnostic biomarkers specific to chronic widespread muscle pain, the core symptom of FM. Further pharmacological validations are needed to validate these metabolomics changes as potential biomarkers for FM diagnosis and/or treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ming Chao
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Ku
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Taiwan Mouse Clinic - National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Wang BL, Zhang CW, Wang L, Tang KL, Tanaka N, Gonzalez FJ, Xu Y, Fang ZZ. Lipidomics reveal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)-regulated lipid metabolic pathway in alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:591-601. [PMID: 29737914 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1467065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS)-based lipidomics was employed to elucidate new mechanism of alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in mice. 2. Multiple lipid components significantly increased in ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, including PC 16:0, 20:4, PC 16:0, 22:6, PC 16:0, 18:2, LPC 18:2, PC 18:2, LPC 18:1, PC 18:1, 14:0, SM 18:1, 16:0, oleoylcarnitine and palmitoylcarnitine. This alteration of lipid profile was induced by the changed expression of genes choline kinase (Chk) a, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (SMPD) and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1). 3. Knockout of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) in mice can significantly reverse ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis, as indicated by lowered ALT, AST and ALP activity, and liver histology. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout significantly reversed ANIT-induced lipid metabolism alteration through regulating the expression of Chka. 4. In conclusion, this study demonstrated ANIT-induced lipid metabolism disruption might be the potential pathogenesis of ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Long Wang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin , China.,b Department of Urology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Chang-Wen Zhang
- a Department of Urology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin , China
| | - Liang Wang
- b Department of Urology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Kun-Long Tang
- b Department of Urology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- c Laboratory of Metabolism , Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,d Department of Metabolic Regulation , Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine , Matsumoto , Japan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- c Laboratory of Metabolism , Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Yong Xu
- a Department of Urology , The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- c Laboratory of Metabolism , Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,e Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,f Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM) , Jinzhou , China.,g Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
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9
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Quan H, Hur YH, Xin C, Kim JM, Choi JI, Kim MY, Bae HB. Stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages through the AMP-activated protein kinase/p38 mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:328-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Frasch SC, McNamee EN, Kominsky D, Jedlicka P, Jakubzick C, Zemski Berry K, Mack M, Furuta GT, Lee JJ, Henson PM, Colgan SP, Bratton DL. G2A Signaling Dampens Colitic Inflammation via Production of IFN-γ. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:1425-34. [PMID: 27402702 PMCID: PMC4975950 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory consequences have been described for lysophosphatidylcholine, a lipid product of cellular injury, signaling via the G protein-coupled receptor G2A on myeloid and lymphoid inflammatory cells. This prompted the hypothesis that genetic deletion of G2A would limit intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Surprisingly, G2A(-/-) mice exhibited significantly worsened colitis compared with wild-type mice, as demonstrated by disease activity, colon shortening, histology, and elevated IL-6 and IL-5 in colon tissues. Investigation of inflammatory cells recruited to inflamed G2A(-/-) colons showed significantly more TNF-α(+) and Ly6C(hi)MHCII(-) proinflammatory monocytes and eosinophils than in wild-type colons. Both monocytes and eosinophils were pathogenic as their depletion abolished the excess inflammation in G2A(-/-) mice. G2A(-/-) mice also had less IFN-γ in inflamed colon tissues than wild-type mice. Fewer CD4(+) lymphocytes were recruited to inflamed G2A(-/-) colons, and fewer colonic lymphocytes produced IFN-γ upon ex vivo stimulation. Administration of IFN-γ to G2A(-/-) mice during dextran sodium sulfate exposure abolished the excess colitic inflammation and reduced colonic IL-5 and eosinophil numbers to levels seen in wild-type mice. Furthermore, IFN-γ reduced the numbers of TNF-α(+) monocyte and enhanced their maturation from Ly6C(hi)MHCII(-) to Ly6C(int)MHCII(+) Taken together, the data suggest that G2A signaling serves to dampen intestinal inflammation via the production of IFN-γ, which, in turn, enhances monocyte maturation to a less inflammatory program and ultimately reduces eosinophil-induced injury of colonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eóin N McNamee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Douglas Kominsky
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Claudia Jakubzick
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80206
| | - Karin Zemski Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045; Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Donna L Bratton
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
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11
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Vázquez-Medina JP, Dodia C, Weng L, Mesaros C, Blair IA, Feinstein SI, Chatterjee S, Fisher AB. The phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 activation via lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar macrophages. FASEB J 2016; 30:2885-98. [PMID: 27178323 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500146r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is essential for activation of NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2) in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), alveolar macrophages (AMs), and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Angiotensin II and phorbol ester increased superoxide/H2O2 generation in PMVECs, AMs, and isolated lungs from wild-type (WT) mice, but had much less effect on cells or lungs from Prdx6-null or Prdx6-D140A-knock-in mice that lack the phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2) of Prdx6; addition of either lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to cells restored their oxidant generation. The generation of LPC by PMVECs required Prdx6-PLA2 We propose that Prdx6-PLA2 modulates NOX2 activation by generation of LPC that is converted to LPA by the lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin (ATX/lysoPLD). Inhibition of lysoPLD with HA130 (cells,10 μM; lungs, 20 μM; IC50, 29 nM) decreased agonist-induced oxidant generation. LPA stimulates pathways regulated by small GTPases through binding to G-protein-coupled LPA receptors (LPARs). The LPAR blocker Ki16425 (cells, 10 μM; lungs, 25 μM; Ki, 0.34 μM) or cellular knockdown of LPAR type 1 decreased oxidant generation and blocked translocation of rac1 to plasma membrane. Thus, Prdx6-PLA2 modulates NOX2 activation through generation of LPC for conversion to LPA; binding of LPA to LPAR1 signals rac activation.-Vázquez-Medina, J. P., Dodia, C., Weng, L., Mesaros, C., Blair, I. A., Feinstein, S. I., Chatterjee, S., Fisher, A. B. The phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 activation via lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Liwei Weng
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
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12
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Zhou C, Jia HM, Liu YT, Yu M, Chang X, Ba YM, Zou ZM. Metabolism of glycerophospholipid, bile acid and retinol is correlated with the early outcomes of autoimmune hepatitis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1574-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00092d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study first reports the metabolic variations at the early stage of the liver injury related to autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-mei Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Yue-tao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Xing Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-ming Ba
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Zhong-mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- P. R. China
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13
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Shishikura K, Horiuchi T, Sakata N, Trinh DA, Shirakawa R, Kimura T, Asada Y, Horiuchi H. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation through production of cyclic AMP. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:319-31. [PMID: 26505736 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Upon stimulation, neutrophils release their nuclear contents called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which contain unfolded chromatin and lysosomal enzymes. NETs have been demonstrated to play a critical role in host defence, although the role of PGE2 , a bioactive substance generated in inflammatory tissues, in the formation of NETs remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of PGE2 , agonists and antagonists of its receptors, and modulators of the cAMP-PKA pathway on the formation of NETs were examined in vitro in isolated neutrophils and in vivo in a newly established mouse model. KEY RESULTS PGE2 inhibited PMA-induced NET formation in vitro through EP2 and EP4 Gαs-coupled receptors. Incubation with a cell-permeable cAMP analogue, dibutyryl cAMP, or various inhibitors of a cAMP-degrading enzyme, PDE, also suppressed NET formation. In the assay established here, where an agarose gel was s.c. implanted in mice and NET formation was detected on the surface of the gel, the extent of the NET formed was inhibited in agarose gels containing rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, and butaprost, an EP2 receptor agonist. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PGE2 inhibits NET formation through the production of cAMP. These findings will contribute to the development of novel treatments for NETosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Shishikura
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horiuchi
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsumi Sakata
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Duc-Anh Trinh
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,The Department of Oral Cancer Therapeutics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Shirakawa
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kimura
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- The Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hisanori Horiuchi
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,The Department of Oral Cancer Therapeutics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Kanaho Y, Sato T, Hongu T, Funakoshi Y. Molecular mechanisms of fMLP-induced superoxide generation and degranulation in mouse neutrophils. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 53:128-134. [PMID: 23062771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, involvement of PLD in fMLP-induced superoxide generation and degranulation were re-investigated using PLD(-/-) neutrophils, and the molecular mechanisms of these neutrophil functions were examined. Neither PLD1 nor PLD2 is involved in these fMLP-induced neutrophil functions. The results obtained in this study provide evidence that cPKC plays an important role in fMLP-induced superoxide generation. On the other hand, Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathway and cPKC seem to be involved in degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Kanaho
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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15
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Lysoglycerophospholipids in chronic inflammatory disorders: The PLA2/LPC and ATX/LPA axes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:42-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Molecular mechanisms of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced superoxide generation and degranulation in mouse neutrophils: phospholipase D is dispensable. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 33:136-45. [PMID: 23109426 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00869-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD), which produces the lipid messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), has been implicated in superoxide generation and degranulation in neutrophils. The basis for this conclusion is the observation that primary alcohols, which interfere with PLD-catalyzed PA production, inhibit these neutrophil functions. However, off-target effects of primary alcohols cannot be totally excluded. Here, we generated PLD(-/-) mice in order to reevaluate the involvement of PLD in and investigate the molecular mechanisms of these neutrophil functions. Surprisingly, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) induced these functions in PLD(-/-) neutrophils, and these functions were suppressed by ethanol. These results indicate that PLD is dispensable for these neutrophil functions and that ethanol nonspecifically inhibits them, warning against the use of primary alcohols as specific inhibitors of PLD-mediated PA formation. The calcium ionophore ionomycin and the membrane-permeative compound 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OADG) synergistically induced superoxide generation. On the other hand, ionomycin alone induced degranulation, which was further augmented by OADG. These results demonstrate that conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) is crucial for superoxide generation, and a Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathway(s) and cPKC are involved in degranulation in mouse neutrophils.
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17
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Cho WH, Park T, Park YY, Huh JW, Lim CM, Koh Y, Song DK, Hong SB. Clinical significance of enzymatic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) assay data in patients with sepsis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31:1805-10. [PMID: 22167258 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) has been suggested to serve as a useful prognostic marker for sepsis. However, existing LPC assays are complicated, time-consuming, and of limited application in real clinical situations. Thus, we investigated the serum LPC levels in sepsis patients using an enzymatic assay and analyzed the correlations between the serum LPC concentration and clinical characteristics. We prospectively collected blood samples from suspected sepsis patients, commencing on day 1 of sepsis. We analyzed all samples using an enzymatic assay. Additionally, we analyzed the serum LPC concentrations in a control group of 21 healthy blood donors. A total of 105 patients who fulfilled the sepsis criteria were included. The mean serum LPC concentration was 43.49 ± 33.09 μmol/L in sepsis patients, which was much lower than that of 21 healthy controls (234.68 ± 30.33 μmol/L, p<0.001). Bacteremic sepsis was associated with a lower serum LPC concentration than non-bacteremic sepsis (34.8 ± 26.85 vs. 49.05 ± 35.63 μmol/L, p<0.05). No difference in serum LPC concentration was evident between survivors and non-survivors. The serum LPC concentration tended to decrease with the severity of sepsis. The day 1 serum LPC concentration was decreased in patients with sepsis, especially when bacteremia was present. However, the serum LPC level did not correlate with disease severity and did not predict mortality from sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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18
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Matsubara T, Tanaka N, Patterson AD, Cho JY, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ. Lithocholic acid disrupts phospholipid and sphingolipid homeostasis leading to cholestasis in mice. Hepatology 2011; 53:1282-93. [PMID: 21480330 PMCID: PMC3077083 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lithocholic acid (LCA) is an endogenous compound associated with hepatic toxicity during cholestasis. LCA exposure in mice resulted in decreased serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelin levels due to elevated lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (SMPD) expression. Global metabolome analysis indicated significant decreases in serum palmitoyl-, stearoyl-, oleoyl-, and linoleoyl-LPC levels after LCA exposure. LCA treatment also resulted in decreased serum sphingomyelin levels and increased hepatic ceramide levels, and induction of LPCAT and SMPD messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induced Lpcat2/4 and Smpd3 gene expression in primary hepatocytes and the induction was diminished by pretreatment with the SMAD3 inhibitor SIS3. Furthermore, alteration of the LPCs and Lpcat1/2/4 and Smpd3 expression was attenuated in LCA-treated farnesoid X receptor-null mice that are resistant to LCA-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. CONCLUSION This study revealed that LCA induced disruption of phospholipid/sphingolipid homeostasis through TGF-β signaling and that serum LPC is a biomarker for biliary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Matsubara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892,Correspondence: Frank J. Gonzalez, Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, Tel: 301–496–9067, Fax: 301–496–8419,
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Ding WG, Toyoda F, Ueyama H, Matsuura H. Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances IKs currents in cardiac myocytes through activation of G protein, PKC and Rho signaling pathways. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 50:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Hong CW, Kim TK, Ham HY, Nam JS, Kim YH, Zheng H, Pang B, Min TK, Jung JS, Lee SN, Cho HJ, Kim EJ, Hong IH, Kang TC, Lee J, Oh SB, Jung SJ, Kim SJ, Song DK. Lysophosphatidylcholine Increases Neutrophil Bactericidal Activity by Enhancement of Azurophil Granule-Phagosome Fusion via Glycine·GlyRα2/TRPM2/p38 MAPK Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:4401-13. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kim EA, Kim JA, Park MH, Jung SC, Suh SH, Pang MG, Kim YJ. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces endothelial cell injury by nitric oxide production through oxidative stress. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 22:325-31. [PMID: 19089771 DOI: 10.1080/14767050802556075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induces endothelial cell injury by altering the production of nitric oxide (NO) and thereby increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and exposed to LPC, LPC with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), LPC with antioxidants. LPC-induced cell injury and viability were determined using LDH and Resazurin assays. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS LPC induced HUVEC injury in a concentration-dependent manner. LPC induced the overproduction of NO and ROS in HUVECs and LPC-induced HUVEC injury is significantly inhibited by the eNOS inhibitor (L-NAME) and the antioxidants (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that LPC induces the overproduction of NO, which may increase the oxidative stress on endothelial cells and lead to endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon A Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-051, Korea
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22
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Park CH, Kim MR, Han JM, Jeong TS, Sok DE. Lysophosphatidylcholine exhibits selective cytotoxicity, accompanied by ROS formation, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Lipids 2009; 44:425-35. [PMID: 19252937 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPtdCho) is a component of oxidized low density lipoprotein, and is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inflammation. We studied the effects of lysoPtdCho on cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinases and pro-inflammatory gene expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. When cells were exposed to lysoPtdCho with various acyl chains in a culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, only 1-linoleoyl (C18:2) lysoPtdCho showed a remarkable cytotoxicity, reaching the highest level at 24 h, and elicited ROS production, suggesting that oxidative stress might be implicated in the cytotoxicity of 1-linoleoyl (C18:2) lysoPtdCho. Presumably in support of this, antioxidants such as magnolol or trolox prevented 1-linoleoyl (C18:2) lysoPtdCho-induced cytotoxicity as well as ROS production, although only partially. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, CCL2 and CCL5 were augmented by 1-linoleoyl (C18:2) lysoPtdCho. Meanwhile, there was no structural importance of the acyl chain for the cytotoxic action of lysoPtdCho during 10 min incubation in serum-free media. Taken together, it is suggested that in a serum-containing medium, 1-linoleoyl (C18:2) lysoPtdCho can cause a significant cytotoxicity through ROS production, probably accompanied by activation of ERK and induction of related inflammatory cytokines, in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheon Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Gung-Dong 220, Yuseong-ku, Taejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Han H, Nattel S, Yang B, Wang Z. Potential mechanisms for the enhancement of HERG K+ channel function by phospholipid metabolites. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 141:586-99. [PMID: 14744814 PMCID: PMC1574230 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Phospholipid metabolites lysophospholipids cause extracellular K(+) accumulation and action potential shortening with increased risk of arrhythmias during myocardial ischemia. Here we studied effects of several lysophospholipids with different lengths of hydrocarbon chains and charged headgroups on HERG K(+) currents (I(HERG)) expressed in HEK293 cells and the potential mechanisms using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. 2. Only the lipids with 16 hydrocarbons such as 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-16) and 1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG-16) were found to produce significant enhancement of I(HERG) and negative shifts of HERG activation, although the voltage dependence of the effects was different between LPC-16 and LPG-16 which have differently charged headgroups. The lipid with 18 hydrocarbons modestly increased I(HERG). The lipids with 6 or 24 hydrocarbons had no effect or slightly decreased I(HERG). 3. Inhibition or activation of protein kinase C did not alter the effects of LPC-16 and LPG-16. Participation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in I(HERG) enhancement by LPC-16/LPG-16 was also excluded. 4. Vitamin E augmented the effects of LPC-16/LPG-16 whereas xanthine/xanthine oxidase reduced I(HERG): indicating that LPC-16/LPG-16 produced dual effects on I(HERG): direct enhancement of I(HERG) and indirect suppression via production of superoxide anion. 5. We conclude that enhancement of HERG function by lysophospholipids is specific to the lipids with 16-hydrocarbon chain structure and the pattern of voltage dependence is determined by the polar headgroups. The increase in I(HERG) is best described by direct interactions between lipid molecules and HERG proteins, which is consistent with lack of effects via membrane destabilization or modulation by intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiong Wang
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada PQ H1T 1C8
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, PQ H3C 3J7
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada PQ H1T 1C8
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, PQ H3C 3J7
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada PQ H1T 1C8
| | - Hong Han
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada PQ H1T 1C8
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada PQ H1T 1C8
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, PQ H3C 3J7
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada PQ H3G 1Y6
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, HeilongJiang, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada PQ H1T 1C8
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, PQ H3C 3J7
- Author for correspondence:
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25
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Yan JJ, Jung JS, Lee JE, Lee J, Huh SO, Kim HS, Jung KC, Cho JY, Nam JS, Suh HW, Kim YH, Song DK. Therapeutic effects of lysophosphatidylcholine in experimental sepsis. Nat Med 2004; 10:161-7. [PMID: 14716308 DOI: 10.1038/nm989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a major cause of death in intensive care units. Here we show that administration of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), an endogenous lysophospholipid, protected mice against lethality after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli. In vivo treatment with LPC markedly enhanced clearance of intraperitoneal bacteria and blocked CLP-induced deactivation of neutrophils. In vitro, LPC increased bactericidal activity of neutrophils, but not macrophages, by enhancing H(2)O(2) production in neutrophils that ingested E. coli. Incubation with an antibody to the LPC receptor, G2A, inhibited LPC-induced protection from CLP lethality and inhibited the effects of LPC in neutrophils. G2A-specific antibody also blocked the inhibitory effects of LPC on certain actions of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), including lethality and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from neutrophils. These results suggest that LPC can effectively prevent and treat sepsis and microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Jing Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Okchon-dong, Chunchon, Gangwon-do, 200-702, South Korea
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Lum H, Qiao J, Walter RJ, Huang F, Subbaiah PV, Kim KS, Holian O. Inflammatory stress increases receptor for lysophosphatidylcholine in human microvascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 285:H1786-9. [PMID: 12805023 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00359.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The atherogenic serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is known to mediate vascular endothelial responses ranging from upregulation of adhesion molecules and growth factors to secretion of chemokines and superoxide anion. We investigated whether endothelial cells express receptors for LPC, which may account for their actions. Human brain microvascular (HBMEC) and dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were prepared for RT-PCR analysis for possible expression of the G protein-coupled receptors, GPR4 and G2A, which are believed to be specific LPC receptors. Results indicated that HBMEC expressed low basal GPR4 mRNA, but stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (100 U/ml) or H2O2 (50 micromol/l) for 2 h or overnight upregulated expression severalfold. In contrast, HMEC expressed high basal GPR4 mRNA, which was not further increased by either TNF-alpha or H2O2 stimulation. Another LPC receptor, G2A, was not detected in either endothelial cell type. Competition binding studies were made to evaluate specific binding of [3H]LPC to the intact endothelial cell monolayer. Basal specific [3H]LPC binding in HBMEC was approximately eight times lower than in HMEC; however, TNF-alpha or H2O2 stimulation increased [3H]LPC binding on HMBEC but not HMEC. The results indicated that GPR4 expression was consistent with specific [3H]LPC binding. Overall, we report that endothelial cells selectively expressed GPR4, a specific LPC receptor. Furthermore, GPR4 expression by HBMEC, but not HMEC, was increased by inflammatory stresses. We conclude that endogenous GPR4 in endothelial cells may be a potential G protein-coupled receptor by which LPC signals proinflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Lum
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush-Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, 2242 W. Harrison St., Suite 260, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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27
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Han JH, Cao C, Kim SZ, Cho KW, Kim SH. Decreases in ANP secretion by lysophosphatidylcholine through protein kinase C. Hypertension 2003; 41:1380-5. [PMID: 12719444 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000071317.98004.b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is an endogenous phospholipid released from the cell membrane during ischemia, and it has potent, local effects on cardiac tissues. LPC has been implicated in arrhythmogenesis during ischemia by increasing intracellular Ca2+. However, it is not known whether LPC influences atrial release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LPC on ANP secretion from isolated, perfused, beating rat atria. LPC (10 and 30 micromol/L) caused decreases in ANP secretion in a dose-dependent manner, with slight increases in intra-atrial pressure and extracellular fluid (ECF) translocation. Therefore, the ANP secretion in terms of ECF translocation was markedly decreased by LPC. The order of the suppressive effect of ANP release was stearoyl-LPC>LPC>myristoyl-LPC=lauroyl-LPC. Staurosporine and wortmannin significantly attenuated suppression of the ANP release and an increase in intra-atrial pressure by LPC. High extracellular Mg2+ also attenuated the LPC-induced suppression of ANP release. However, other protein kinase C inhibitors such as chelerythrine, GF 109203X, and tamoxifen citrate did not affect LPC-induced suppression of ANP release. In single atrial myocytes, LPC caused increases in intracellular Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner. The order of an increase in intracellular Ca2+ by LPC was stearoyl-LPC>LPC>myristoyl-LPC=lauroyl-LPC. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ by LPC was attenuated by staurosporine. These results suggest that LPC-induced suppression of ANP release through protein kinase C/Ca2+ and phosphoinositol-3-kinase might in part play an important role in the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hee Han
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea
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28
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Yang KY, Arcaroli J, Kupfner J, Pitts TM, Park JS, Strasshiem D, Perng RP, Abraham E. Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma in neutrophil apoptosis. Cell Signal 2003; 15:225-33. [PMID: 12464394 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3-K) are known to participate in anti-apoptotic pathways, their importance in modulating neutrophil apoptosis in vivo has not been examined. In these studies, we used neutrophils from mice lacking the PI3-Kgamma isoform (PI3-Kgamma-/-) to determine the role that PI3-Kgamma occupies in neutrophil apoptosis under in vivo conditions. We found that neutrophil apoptosis under basal and LPS-stimulated conditions was increased in PI3-Kgamma-/- mice compared to that present in control PI3-Kgamma+/+ animals. Neutrophils from PI3-Kgamma-/- mice demonstrated decreased amounts of active, serine 473 phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated CREB, and diminished nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. Levels of the CREB-dependent anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 and of the NF-kappaB-dependent anti-apoptotic mediator Bcl-x(L) were significantly decreased in PI3-Kgamma-/- neutrophils. In contrast, PI3-Kgamma-/- neutrophils contained diminished amounts of phosphorylated, inactive forms of the pro-apoptotic mediators, Bad, FKHR, and GSK-3beta. These results demonstrate that PI3-Kgamma directly participates in multiple in vivo pathways involved in regulating neutrophil apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yao Yang
- Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yamamoto M, Hara H, Adachi T. The expression of extracellular-superoxide dismutase is increased by lysophosphatidylcholine in human monocytic U937 cells. Atherosclerosis 2002; 163:223-8. [PMID: 12052468 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(02)00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) [EC 1.15.1.1] is a secretory glycoprotein with an affinity for heparin-like proteoglycans. This enzyme locates in blood vessel walls at high levels and may be important for the antioxidant capability of vascular walls. Oxidative process plays an important role in atherogenesis. Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) is generated during oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and is located within atherosclerotic plaques. Recently, lysoPC has been reported to induce transcription of a variety of cellular genes. In this study, we observed that lysoPC significantly increased the expression of EC-SOD mRNA and protein in human monocytic U937 cells, but not those of CuZn-SOD or Mn-SOD. Induced EC-SOD by lysoPC had a high affinity for heparin, and may bind to the endothelial cell surface. Very recently, it has been reported that exogenous addition of EC-SOD or overexpression of EC-SOD prevented endothelial cell-mediated oxidative modification of LDL. Therefore, it is speculated that EC-SOD is induced by lysoPC-stimulated monocytes as a feedback mechanism in vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1, Mitahora-higashi, Japan
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30
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Kettritz R, Choi M, Butt W, Rane M, Rolle S, Luft FC, Klein JB. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase controls antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-induced respiratory burst in human neutrophils. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13:1740-9. [PMID: 12089369 DOI: 10.1097/01.asn.0000019411.36000.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) activate human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) primed with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in vitro. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the protein-serine/threonine kinase Akt have been implicated in the control of the phagocyte respiratory burst. The hypothesis that PI3-K controls the ANCA-induced respiratory burst was tested. TNF-alpha-primed PMN were stimulated with a monoclonal antibody to myeloperoxidase (MPO) and with PR3- and MPO-ANCA, respectively. Akt activation was assessed with phospho-specific antibodies. Superoxide release was measured with ferricytochrome. ANCA antigen translocation was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The effect of TNF-alpha and MPO-ANCA on Akt signaling was studied with immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Western blotting revealed rapid transient Akt phosphorylation during TNF-alpha priming and a second phosphorylation after ANCA. PI3-K inhibition by LY294002 blocked both Akt phosphorylation and superoxide generation. A total of 20 +/- 3 nmol O(2)(-)/0.75 x 10(6) PMN/45 min was released after stimulation with PR3-ANCA. LY294002 (5 microM) decreased this amount to 0.3 +/- 2.6 nmol (n = 10, P < 0.05); the MPO-ANCA values were 23 +/- 3 versus 1.6 +/- 3.6 (n = 10, P < 0.05). p38 MAPK inhibition with 10 microM SB202190 that also decreased ANCA-induced superoxide generation prevented S473 phosphorylation of Akt in response to TNF-alpha and to ANCA. However, SB202190 but not LY294002 abrogated TNF-alpha-mediated ANCA antigen surface translocation, demonstrating that superoxide generation and ANCA antigen translocation proceed by separate mechanisms. Akt, PAK1, and Rac1 existed as cytosolic complex in resting PMN. TNF-alpha stimulation increased association of PAK1 with Akt. An MPO monoclonal antibody did not alter the Akt signaling complex further. The data demonstrate the importance of PI3-K for the ANCA-induced PMN oxidant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Kettritz
- HELIOS Klinikum-Berlin, Franz Volhard Clinic, Medical Faculty of the Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Wiltbergstrasse 50, 13122 Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Takeshita S, Inoue N, Gao D, Rikitake Y, Kawashima S, Tawa R, Sakurai H, Yokoyama M. Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances superoxide anions production via endothelial NADH/NADPH oxidase. J Atheroscler Thromb 2002; 7:238-46. [PMID: 11521688 DOI: 10.5551/jat1994.7.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anions (O2(-)) play a key role in atherogenesis, and endothelial cells have the ability to generate ROS. To investigate the enzymatic sources of ROS and the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), an atherogenic lipid, we measured ROS production in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) by the lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) method and electron spin resonance (ESR). BAEC homogenates had the enzymatic activity of NADH/NADPH oxidase. BAECs cultured on microcarrier beads generated O2(-) under basal conditions. The inhibition of NADH/ NADPH oxidase by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) significantly attenuated O2(-) production, whereas no inhibitors of other oxidases suppressed it. Although LPC enhanced O2(-) production approximately 3.1-fold, its action was suppressed by DPI. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors significantly attenuated LPC-induced O2(-) production. ESR with DMPO demonstrated that LPC increased the formation of the DMPO-hydroxyl adduct in dose- and time-dependent manners. These data suggest that the basal production of O2(-) in endothelial cells is mainly mediated by the NADH/NADPH oxidase system and that LPC activates this oxidase to enhance O2(-) production through a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway. The enhancement of ROS production by LPC is probably involved in its atherogenic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takeshita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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32
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Steel HC, Cockeran R, Anderson R. Platelet-activating factor and lyso-PAF possess direct antimicrobial properties in vitro. APMIS 2002; 110:158-64. [PMID: 12064871 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2002.100206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lyso-platelet-activating factor (L-PAF) at concentrations of 0.25-20 microg/ml on potassium transport and growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria have been investigated in vitro and compared with those of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Potassium transport was determined using 86Rb+ as tracer, while growth was measured according to the extent of uptake of radiolabeled amino acids. All of the test phospholipids caused dose-related inhibition of 86Rb+-uptake and growth of gram-positive bacteria, the order of potency being PAF>LPC>L-PAF. Gram-negative bacteria, on the other hand, were less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of the phospholipids on K+ transport and growth. Some, but not all, of the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were able to degrade LPC, but not PAF or L-PAF, demonstrating that enzymatic degradation of phospholipids does not explain the differential sensitivity to these agents. The bioactive phospholipids LPC, PAF and L-PAF may represent an oxygen-independent antimicrobial host defense system operative primarily against gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Steel
- Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institute for Pathology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa.
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33
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Yue J, Liu J, Shen X. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase results in a significant reduced respiratory burst in formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:49093-9. [PMID: 11592957 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101328200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of phenylarsine oxide and a monoclonal antibody directed against type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) on the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated respiratory burst and the PI4K activity in neutrophils were investigated. Fluorescence microscopic imaging showed that the antibody labeled with IANBD amide (N,N'-dimethyl-N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)ethylenediamine) could enter into the cytosol possibly by endocytosis. It was found that the antibody inhibited the fMLP-stimulated respiratory burst but had little effect on the phorbol myristate acetate-activated respiratory burst in neutrophils, whereas phenylarsine oxide inhibited both. It was found that even at higher concentration, the antibody could not completely inhibit the cell response. Using cells preincubated with human immunoglobulin G of the same concentration as the control, the maximal inhibition of the fMLP-stimulated respiratory burst by the antibody against type II PI4K was found to be about 70%, whereas the PI4K activity was inhibited by only about 40%. The discrepancy in depressing the cell response and the enzyme activity may be the result of depletion of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate pools during the incubation of cells with the antibody. Both the 40% inhibition of PI4K activity and 70% depression of the respiratory burst by the type II PI4K antibody may imply that at least 40% of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate was synthesized promptly by all forms of PI4K and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase in the fMLP-activated cells. The results suggest that PI4K plays a central role in either phospholipase C or PI3K signaling and that PI3K, PI4K, and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase must be considered as an integrated family for the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate initiated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yue
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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34
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Kita T, Kume N, Minami M, Hayashida K, Murayama T, Sano H, Moriwaki H, Kataoka H, Nishi E, Horiuchi H, Arai H, Yokode M. Role of oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 947:199-205; discussion 205-6. [PMID: 11795267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A critical event in the early stages of atherosclerosis is the focal accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells derived from macrophages. In various cholesterol-fed animal models of atherosclerosis, localized attachment of circulating monocytes to arterial endothelial cells appeared to precede the formation of foam cells. It is suggested that monocyte recruitment into early lesions depends on the endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes and lymphocytes. In vivo and in vitro experiments have identified molecules, such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin, that can support the adhesion of monocytes and lymphocytes. Moreover, oxidized LDL, lysophosphatidyl-choline, and oxidized fatty acids induce the expression not only of these adhesion molecules but also of scavenger receptors, such as CD-36, SR-A, and LOX-1. Recently, we isolated and characterized the novel receptors for oxidized LDL, namely, LOX-1 and SR-PSOX. Expression of LOX-1 is found on endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, whereas SR-PSOX is expressed on macrophages. In this paper the significance of oxidized LDL and its receptors, LOX-1 and SR-PSOX, in terms of atherogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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35
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Lambert IH, Falktoft B. Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced taurine release in HeLa cells involves protein kinase activity. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2001; 130:577-84. [PMID: 11913468 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated that exogenous addition of low concentrations (< 15 microM) of lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC, palmitic acid in the sn-1 position) induces a transient increase in taurine efflux from HeLa cells in a process that seems to involve generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tyrosine phosphorylation (J. Membrane Biol. 176 (2000) 175-185). We now demonstrate that LPC also induces release of taurine under isotonic conditions in mouse fibroblast (NIH/3T3) and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Furthermore, we show that in the case of HeLa cells addition of the calmodulin antagonist W-7 (50 microM) or the calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-62 (10 microM) reduces the LPC-induced taurine release under isotonic conditions. Conversely, addition of a standard protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine (10 microM) leads to a potentiation of the LPC-induced taurine efflux, whereas direct activation of PKC by the phorbol ester PMA has no effect. It is suggested that the putative generation of ROS following addition of LPC is modulated by calmodulin/CaMKII, and that the effect of chelerythrine is more likely related to the ROS production than to PKC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Lambert
- The August Krogh Institute, Biochemical Department, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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36
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Luconi M, Marra F, Gandini L, Filimberti E, Lenzi A, Forti G, Baldi E. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition enhances human sperm motility. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:1931-7. [PMID: 11527900 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.9.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of spermatozoa with forward motility after capacitation procedures represents the limiting factor for application of IVF versus intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure in cases of oligoasthenozoospermia. The possibility of increasing this number may thus be of help to the patient. A complex array of signalling pathways is involved in the regulation of sperm motility and recent data pointed out an important role for kinase/phosphatase-regulated phosphorylation of proteins. Here, we investigated the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), a lipid and protein kinase involved in the regulation of several biological aspects of somatic cells, on human sperm motility by using the specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrated that in-vitro incubation of swim-up selected or unselected human spermatozoa with LY294002 determined an increase of percentage forward motility in all the treated samples. The effect was dose-dependent with an EC(50) of 1.09 +/- 0.54 micromol/l. LY294002 also increased sperm movement characteristics and hyperactivation as evaluated by computer-assisted motion analyser. The compound was also able to overcome the detrimental effect of hydrogen peroxide and lithium chloride on sperm motility. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a negative role for PI3K in the development and maintenance of sperm motility and suggest a possible use of PI3K inhibitors to enhance motility in cases of asthenozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luconi
- Dipartimenti di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Unità di Andrologia, Università di Firenze, Italy
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Vuong TD, de Kimpe S, de Roos R, Rabelink TJ, Koomans HA, Joles JA. Albumin restores lysophosphatidylcholine-induced inhibition of vasodilation in rat aorta. Kidney Int 2001; 60:1088-96. [PMID: 11532104 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0600031088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of vasodilation by oxidized low-density lipoprotein has been attributed to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Albumin avidly binds LPC. Therefore, hypoalbuminemia may directly impair vasodilation and thus contribute to increased risk of atherosclerosis in nephrotic syndrome. The addition of albumin reduces LPC in erythrocytes and endothelial cells. We hypothesized that the addition of albumin will salvage vasodilation in aortic rings previously exposed to LPC. LPC increases superoxide production and disturbs L-arginine availability. Therefore, we also decreased superoxide with a superoxide dismutase mimic, MnCl(2), and supplemented L-arginine in an attempt to restore vasodilation. METHODS Rat aorta rings, which had been incubated with various concentrations of LPC and human serum albumin (HSA), were mounted in organ chambers. Relaxation was studied with acetylcholine (0.01 to 100 micromol/L) after precontraction with phenylephrine (CON, 0.3 micromol/L; LPC, 0.03 micromol/L). In some studies MnCl(2) or L-arginine was added to the organ chamber. RESULTS LPC had time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects on acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, but no effect on nitroprusside-mediated vasodilation. Preincubation with albumin (50 or 6 g/L) could protect vasodilation against very high levels of LPC. After preincubation with LPC, the addition of albumin to the incubation salvaged vasodilation. Albumin was more effective after short LPC incubation. MnCl(2) had no specific effect on the LPC-mediated disturbance in vasodilation. L-arginine completely salvaged vasodilation at low concentrations of LPC. However, even high concentrations of L-arginine (1 mmol/L) could not improve vasodilation at LPC levels at which vasodilation was restored by albumin. CONCLUSIONS LPC affects several pathways that inhibit vasodilation, all of which are salvaged by addition of albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Vuong
- Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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38
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Feldman C, Anderson R, Theron AJ, Steel HC, van Rensburg CE, Cole PJ, Wilson R. Vitamin E attenuates the injurious effects of bioactive phospholipids on human ciliated epithelium in vitro. Eur Respir J 2001; 18:122-9. [PMID: 11510782 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.01.00037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive phospholipids (PL), particularly lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), are being increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of various acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, particularly those of the airways, while there is emerging evidence that vitamin E may function as a natural antagonist of these lipid mediators of inflammation. The aims of this study were to document the effects of vitamin E on the inhibition of ciliary beating and damage to structural integrity of human ciliated epithelium induced by the PL, platelet-activating factor (PAF), lyso-PAF and LPC in vitro in relation to the anti-oxidative and membrane-stabilizing properties of the vitamin. Ciliary beat frequency was measured by a phototransistor technique, and damage to structural integrity assessed by a visual-scoring index, while superoxide production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and membrane-stabilizing potential were measured using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and haemolytic procedures, respectively. All three PL caused inhibition of ciliary beating and structural damage to human ciliated epithelium by membrane-directed cytotoxic mechanisms, which were potentiated by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes due to induction of oxidant-mediated injury. Both direct and phagocyte-inflicted epithelial injury was attenuated by vitamin E. In haemolytic and chemiluminescence assays, vitamin E neutralized both the membrane-destabilizing and pro-oxidative actions of all three PL, while spectrophotometric analysis of mixtures of vitamin E with PAF, lyso-PAF and LPC revealed alterations in peak intensity, as well as peak shifts, indicative of physicochemical interactions between the vitamin and the PL. Vitamin E status may be a determinant of susceptibility to phospholipid-mediated airway inflammation and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Feldman
- Dept of Medicine, Johannesburg Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
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Rikitake Y, Hirata K, Kawashima S, Takeuchi S, Shimokawa Y, Kojima Y, Inoue N, Yokoyama M. Signaling mechanism underlying COX-2 induction by lysophosphatidylcholine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:1291-7. [PMID: 11243876 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine, a component of oxidized low density lipoprotein, is critical for pathological conditions including atherosclerosis. However, the signaling mechanism of lysophosphatidylcholine remains poorly understood. Here we reported that lysophosphatidylcholine induces phosphorylation of p38 and the transcription factors, CREB and ATF-1 with concomitant up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in cultured vascular endothelial cells. Lysophosphatidylcholine induced p38 phosphorylation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner partly via pathway depending on protein tyrosine kinase. Both lysophosphatidylcholine-stimulated phosphorylation of CREB and ATF-1 and lysophosphatidylcholine-increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein were effectively inhibited by a combination of SB203580 and PD98059, specific inhibitors of p38 and MEK1, respectively, as well as Ro31-8220 and H89, potent inhibitors of MSK1. These results suggest that both p38 and ERK may function as upstream signaling pathways capable of activating CREB and ATF-1 with subsequent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by lysophosphatidylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rikitake
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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Yasui K, Komiyama A. Roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D in temporal activation of superoxide production in FMLP-stimulated human neutrophils. Cell Biochem Funct 2001; 19:43-50. [PMID: 11223870 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To determine the temporal roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and phospholipase D (PLD) during human neutrophil activation stimulated by a chemotactic peptide, we examined the kinetics of these enzymes and related them to a neutrophil function (superoxide production). Both wortmannin and 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002), potent and specific inhibitors of PI3-kinase, inhibit PI3-kinase activity in human neutrophils and significantly inhibit superoxide production from the early phase. Ethanol has no effect on PI3-kinase and markedly inhibits superoxide production at the late phase. Although these agents are inhibitory to different degrees, when neutrophils are simultaneously treated with ethanol and PI3-kinase inhibitors, superoxide is not produced. These results suggest that PI3-kinase and PLD play a pivotal role in the signal transduction pathway of the chemo-attractant-receptor involved neutrophil activation. These enzymes produce second messengers which are required for subsequent superoxide production in human neutrophils. NADPH oxidase is activated in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner at the early phase, and PLD activity follows it and is related to superoxide production at the late phase in human neutrophils by stimulation with FMLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yasui
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390, Japan.
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Cieslik K, Abrams CS, Wu KK. Up-regulation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase promoter by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma /Janus kinase 2/MEK-1-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:1211-9. [PMID: 11042169 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005305200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study indicates that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) enhances Sp1 binding and Sp1-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) promoter activity via the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1 (MEK-1) signaling pathway (Cieslik, K., Lee, C.-M., Tang, J.-L., and Wu, K. K. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 34669-34675). To identify upstream signaling molecules, we transfected human endothelial cells with dominant negative and active mutants of Ras and evaluated their effects on eNOS promoter activity. Neither mutant altered the basal or LPC-induced eNOS promoter function. By contrast, a dominant negative mutant of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma (PI-3Kgamma) blocked the promoter activity induced by LPC. Wortmannin and LY 294002 had a similar effect. AG-490, a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 2 (Jak2), also reduced the LPC-induced Sp1 binding and eNOS promoter activity to the basal level. LPC induced Jak2 phosphorylation, which was abolished by LY 294002 and the dominant negative mutant of PI-3Kgamma. LY 294002 and AG-490 abrogated MEK-1 phosphorylation induced by LPC but had no effect on Raf-1. These results indicate that PI-3Kgamma and Jak2 are essential for LPC-induced eNOS promoter activity. This signaling pathway was sensitive to pertussis toxin, suggesting the involvement of a G(i) protein in PI-3Kgamma activation. These results indicate that LPC enhances Sp1-dependent eNOS promoter activity by a pertussis toxin-sensitive, Ras-independent novel pathway, PI-3Kgamma/Jak2/MEK-1/ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cieslik
- Vascular Biology Research Center and Division of Hematology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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