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She W, Cheng A, Ye W, Zeng P, Wang H, Qian PY. Mode of action of antimicrobial agents albofungins in eradicating penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilm. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0156323. [PMID: 37610246 PMCID: PMC10581126 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01563-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Albofungin is a promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound against multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the present study, we further investigated albofungin's biofilm eradication activity and its potential mode of action against drug-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Among all derivatives, albofungin exhibited the best antibiofilm and antibacterial activity with rapid killing effects at 0.12 µg mL-1. Confocal microscopy observation exhibited that albofungin disrupted V. parahaemolyticus biofilms by killing or dispersing biofilm cells. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscope and fluorescent staining experiments demonstrated that albofungin rapidly destroyed the integrity and permeability of the bacterial cell membrane. Moreover, this study revealed an antibiofilm mechanism of albofungin involving inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, flagella assembly pathways, and secretion system proteins in V. parahaemolyticus by quantitative proteomics and validation experiments. Our results highlighted albofungin's mechanism of action in planktonic cells and biofilms and suggested further development and potential applications of albofungin for treating infections caused by penicillins-and-cephalosporins-resistant V. parahaemolyticus. IMPORTANCE Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as a scarcity of new antibiotics, have become a major health threat worldwide. To tackle the demand for new and effective treatments, we investigated the mechanism of action of albofungin, a natural product derived from Streptomyces, which exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Albofungin showed potent biofilm eradication activity against penicillins-and-cephalosporins-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which expresses a novel metallo-β-lactamase and, thus, reduces their sensitivity to various antibiotics. We observed membrane disruption and permeation mechanisms in planktonic cells and biofilms after albofungin treatment, while albofungin had a weak interaction with bacterial DNA. Moreover, the antibiofilm mechanism of albofungin included inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, flagellar assembly pathways, and secretion system proteins. Our finding suggested potential applications of albofungin as an antibacterial and antibiofilm therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi She
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aifang Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenkang Ye
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Matsuda M, Ikeda K, Kameda T, Nakao H, Nakano M. Fine-Tuning and Enhancement of pH-Dependent Membrane Permeation of Cyclic Peptides by Utilizing Noncanonical Amino Acids with Extended Side Chains. J Med Chem 2023; 66:7054-7062. [PMID: 37186548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of cyclic peptides that exhibit pH-sensitive membrane permeation is a promising strategy for tissue-selective drug delivery. We investigated the pH-dependent interactions of designed cyclic peptides bearing noncanonical amino acids of long acidic side chains with lipid membranes, including surface binding, insertion, and translocation across the membrane. As the length of the side chain of acidic amino acid increased, the binding affinity of the peptides to phosphatidylcholine bilayer surfaces decreased, while the pH for the 50% insertion of the peptides into the bilayers increased. The pH for membrane permeation of the peptides increased with the side chain length, resulting in specific membrane permeation at pH ∼6.5. The longer side chain of acidic amino acids improved the maximum rate of membrane permeation at low pH, where both entropic and enthalpic contributions affected the permeation. Our peptide also showed intracellular delivery of cargo molecules into living cells in a pH-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomi Matsuda
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikeda
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Kameda
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakao
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakano
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Fux AC, Casonato Melo C, Michelini S, Swartzwelter BJ, Neusch A, Italiani P, Himly M. Heterogeneity of Lipopolysaccharide as Source of Variability in Bioassays and LPS-Binding Proteins as Remedy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098395. [PMID: 37176105 PMCID: PMC10179214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also referred to as endotoxin, is the major component of Gram-negative bacteria's outer cell wall. It is one of the main types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are known to elicit severe immune reactions in the event of a pathogen trespassing the epithelial barrier and reaching the bloodstream. Associated symptoms include fever and septic shock, which in severe cases, might even lead to death. Thus, the detection of LPS in medical devices and injectable pharmaceuticals is of utmost importance. However, the term LPS does not describe one single molecule but a diverse class of molecules sharing one common feature: their characteristic chemical structure. Each bacterial species has its own pool of LPS molecules varying in their chemical composition and enabling the aggregation into different supramolecular structures upon release from the bacterial cell wall. As this heterogeneity has consequences for bioassays, we aim to examine the great variability of LPS molecules and their potential to form various supramolecular structures. Furthermore, we describe current LPS quantification methods and the LPS-dependent inflammatory pathway and show how LPS heterogeneity can affect them. With the intent of overcoming these challenges and moving towards a universal approach for targeting LPS, we review current studies concerning LPS-specific binders. Finally, we give perspectives for LPS research and the use of LPS-binding molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Fux
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Chemical Biology Department, R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Cristiane Casonato Melo
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Chemical Biology Department, R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Sara Michelini
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin J Swartzwelter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, 1601 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andreas Neusch
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Himly
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Greve JM, Cowan JA. Activity and Synergy of Cu-ATCUN Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214151. [PMID: 36430622 PMCID: PMC9692552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance demands innovative strategies and therapies. The pairs of antimicrobial peptides tested in this work show broad-spectrum synergy and are capable of interacting with diverse bacterial membranes. In most cases, the ATCUN motif enhanced the activity of peptides tested in combination. Our studies also show CP10A to be a multifaceted peptide, displaying both cell membrane and intracellular activity and acting as a chameleon, improving the activity of other peptides as needed. The results of the synergy experiments demonstrate the importance of varied modes of action and how these changes can affect the ability to combat pathogens, while also illustrating the value of the metal-binding domain in enhancing the activity of antimicrobial peptides in combination.
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TAT for Enzyme/Protein Delivery to Restore or Destroy Cell Activity in Human Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090924. [PMID: 34575072 PMCID: PMC8466028 DOI: 10.3390/life11090924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Much effort has been dedicated in the recent decades to find novel protein/enzyme-based therapies for human diseases, the major challenge of such therapies being the intracellular delivery and reaching sub-cellular organelles. One promising approach is the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) for delivering enzymes/proteins into cells. In this review, we describe the potential therapeutic usages of CPPs (mainly trans-activator of transcription protein, TAT) in enabling the uptake of biologically active proteins/enzymes needed in cases of protein/enzyme deficiency, concentrating on mitochondrial diseases and on the import of enzymes or peptides in order to destroy pathogenic cells, focusing on cancer cells.
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Nourbakhsh S, Yu L, Ha BY. Modeling the Protective Role of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides against Membrane-Rupturing Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8839-8854. [PMID: 34319722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key surface component of Gram-negative bacteria, populating the outer layer of their outer membrane. A number of experimental studies highlight its protective role against harmful molecules such as antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this work, we present a theoretical model for describing the interaction between LPS and cationic antimicrobial peptides, which combines the following two key features. The polysaccharide part is viewed as forming a polymer brush, exerting an osmotic pressure on inclusions such as antimicrobial peptides. The charged groups on LPS (those in lipid A and the two Kdo groups in the inner core) form electrostatic binding sites for cationic AMPs or cations. Using the resulting model, we offer a quantitative picture of how the brush component enhances the protective role of LPS against magainin-like peptides, in the presence of divalent cations such as Mg2+. The LPS brush tends to diminish the interfacial binding of the peptides, at the lipid headgroup region, by about 30%. In the presence of 5 mM of Mg2+, the interfacial binding does not reach a threshold value for wild-type LPS, beyond which the LPS layer is ruptured, even though it does for LPS Re (the simplest form of LPS, lacking the brush part), as long as [AMP] ≤ 20 μM, where [AMP] is the concentration of AMPs. At a low concentration of Mg2+ (≈1 mM), however, a smaller [AMP] value (≳2 μM) is needed to reach the threshold coverage for wild-type LPS. Our results also suggest that the interfacial binding of peptides is insensitive to their possible weak interaction with the surrounding brush chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Nourbakhsh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Liu Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bae-Yeun Ha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Wu Y, Nie T, Meng F, Zhou L, Chen M, Sun J, Lu Z, Lu Y. The determination of antibacterial mode for cationic lipopeptides brevibacillins against Salmonella typhimurium by quantum chemistry calculation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5643-5655. [PMID: 34160646 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Brevibacillins are broad-spectrum cationic antimicrobial lipopeptides produced by Brevibacillus laterosporus fmb70 CGMCC 18426. The antibacterial mode of brevibacillins against Salmonella typhimurium CICC 21493 was investigated by quantum chemistry calculation in this study. The addition of LPS, Mg2+, and Ca2+ partially reduced the antimicrobial activity of brevibacillin and brevibacillin V against S. typhimurium, which indicated that the two cationic lipopeptides could bind to LPS and displaced the divalent cations on the LPS network. Release of LPS from S. typhimurium by brevibacillin and brevibacillin V resulted in destroying the dense LPS network and increasing the permeability of the outer membrane. Quantum chemistry calculation analysis revealed that Lys7 is the most critical amino acid residue to destroy the outer membrane. The total average N-H charge difference of the three protonated amino groups (Orn3-NH3, Lys7-NH3, and Lys10-NH3) determined the ability of brevibacillin V to bind LPS stronger than brevibacillin. Calcein complete leakage from liposomes and release of DiSC3-5 from the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) indicated that brevibacillin and brevibacillin V may destroy the CM. Brevibacillin and brevibacillin V exhibited their antimicrobial activities through membrane damages, where the OM permeability with high concentration of 64-256 µg/mL and membrane damage of CM with a low concentration of 4 μg/mL. Our finding might be helpful to understand the broad-spectrum antimicrobial mechanism of cationic lipopeptide and to design the novel antimicrobial peptide. KEY POINTS: • Brevibacillin V had stronger affinity for LPS than brevibacillin. • The N-H charge difference was the key of the difference in the affinity to LPS. • Brevibacillins inhibited Salmonella by displacing the divalent cations on the LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fanqiang Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Libang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meirong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Gong H, Hu X, Liao M, Fa K, Ciumac D, Clifton LA, Sani MA, King SM, Maestro A, Separovic F, Waigh TA, Xu H, McBain AJ, Lu JR. Structural Disruptions of the Outer Membranes of Gram-Negative Bacteria by Rationally Designed Amphiphilic Antimicrobial Peptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16062-16074. [PMID: 33797891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are covered by both an inner cytoplasmic membrane (IM) and an outer membrane (OM). Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) must first permeate through the OM and cell wall before attacking the IM to cause cytoplasmic leakage and kill the bacteria. The bacterial OM is an asymmetric bilayer with the outer leaflet primarily composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and the inner leaflet composed of phospholipids (PLs). Two cationic α-helical AMPs were designed to target Gram-negative bacteria, a full peptide G(IIKK)3I-NH2 (G3), and a hydrophobic lipopeptide C8-G(IIKK)2I-NH2 (C8G2, with C8 denoting the octanoyl chain). LPS dominates OM functions as the first line of defense against antibiotics, thereby reducing drug susceptibility. This work explores how the two AMPs interact with LPS through several carefully chosen OM models that facilitated measurements from solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ss-NMR), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and neutron reflectivity (NR). The results revealed that G3 molecules bound preferably to the LPS head region and functioned as bridge molecules to reassemble the dislocated lipids into bilayer stacks. In contrast, C8G2 lipopeptides could quickly penetrate into the central region of the OM to cause direct removal of some membrane lipids. Different structural disruptions implicated different antimicrobial efficacies from these AMPs. The demonstration of the structural features underlying different susceptibilities of the OM to AMPs offers a useful route for the future development of strain-specific AMPs against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoning Gong
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xuzhi Hu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mingrui Liao
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ke Fa
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Daniela Ciumac
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen M King
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Armando Maestro
- Institute Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS-20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas A Waigh
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and the Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jian Ren Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Portelinha J, Duay SS, Yu SI, Heilemann K, Libardo MDJ, Juliano SA, Klassen JL, Angeles-Boza AM. Antimicrobial Peptides and Copper(II) Ions: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2648-2712. [PMID: 33524257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new pathogens and multidrug resistant bacteria is an important public health issue that requires the development of novel classes of antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising platform with great potential for the identification of new lead compounds that can combat the aforementioned pathogens due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and relatively low rate of resistance emergence. AMPs of multicellular organisms made their debut four decades ago thanks to ingenious researchers who asked simple questions about the resistance to bacterial infections of insects. Questions such as "Do fruit flies ever get sick?", combined with pioneering studies, have led to an understanding of AMPs as universal weapons of the immune system. This review focuses on a subclass of AMPs that feature a metal binding motif known as the amino terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) motif. One of the metal-based strategies of hosts facing a pathogen, it includes wielding the inherent toxicity of copper and deliberately trafficking this metal ion into sites of infection. The sudden increase in the concentration of copper ions in the presence of ATCUN-containing AMPs (ATCUN-AMPs) likely results in a synergistic interaction. Herein, we examine common structural features in ATCUN-AMPs that exist across species, and we highlight unique features that deserve additional attention. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms behind their antimicrobial activity and the methods available to study this promising class of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Portelinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Searle S Duay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Chemistry Department, Adamson University, 900 San Marcelino Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Seung I Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Kara Heilemann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - M Daben J Libardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Samuel A Juliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jonathan L Klassen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Zamani E, Johnson TJ, Chatterjee S, Immethun C, Sarella A, Saha R, Dishari SK. Cationic π-Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Shows Antimicrobial Activity by Causing Lipid Loss and Lowering Elastic Modulus of Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49346-49361. [PMID: 33089982 PMCID: PMC8926324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cationic, π-conjugated oligo-/polyelectrolytes (CCOEs/CCPEs) have shown great potential as antimicrobial materials to fight against antibiotic resistance. In this work, we treated wild-type and ampicillin-resistant (amp-resistant) Escherichia coli (E. coli) with a promising cationic, π-conjugated polyelectrolyte (P1) with a phenylene-based backbone and investigated the resulting morphological, mechanical, and compositional changes of the outer membrane of bacteria in great detail. The cationic quaternary amine groups of P1 led to electrostatic interactions with negatively charged moieties within the outer membrane of bacteria. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we showed that due to this treatment, the bacterial outer membrane became rougher, decreased in stiffness/elastic modulus (AFM nanoindentation), formed blebs, and released vesicles near the cells. These evidences, in addition to increased staining of the P1-treated cell membrane by lipophilic dye Nile Red (confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)), suggested loosening/disruption of packing of the outer cell envelope and release and exposure of lipid-based components. Lipidomics and fatty acid analysis confirmed a significant loss of phosphate-based outer membrane lipids and fatty acids, some of which are critically needed to maintain cell wall integrity and mechanical strength. Lipidomics and UV-vis analysis also confirmed that the extracellular vesicles released upon treatment (AFM) are composed of lipids and cationic P1. Such surface alterations (vesicle/bleb formation) and release of lipids/fatty acids upon treatment were effective enough to inhibit further growth of E. coli cells without completely disintegrating the cells and have been known as a defense mechanism of the cells against cationic antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Tyler J. Johnson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shyambo Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Cheryl Immethun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Anandakumar Sarella
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, Voelte-Keegan Nanoscience Research Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0298, United States
| | - Rajib Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shudipto Konika Dishari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Corresponding author’s ; Phone: 402-472-7537
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11
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Membrane-Targeting Triphenylphosphonium Functionalized Ciprofloxacin for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110758. [PMID: 33143023 PMCID: PMC7693559 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a severe problem for public health. Developing new antibiotics for MDR bacteria is difficult, from inception to the clinically approved stage. Here, we have used a new approach, modification of an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CFX), with triphenylphosphonium (TPP, PPh3) moiety via ester- (CFX-ester-PPh3) and amide-coupling (CFX-amide-PPh3) to target bacterial membranes. In this study, we have evaluated the antibacterial activities of CFX and its derivatives against 16 species of bacteria, including MDR bacteria, using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, morphological monitoring, and expression of resistance-related genes. TPP-conjugated CFX, CFX-ester-PPh3, and CFX-amide-PPh3 showed significantly improved antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, including MDR S. aureus (methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) strains. The MRSA ST5 5016 strain showed high antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 11.12 µg/mL for CFX-ester-PPh3 and 2.78 µg/mL for CFX-amide-PPh3. The CFX derivatives inhibited biofilm formation in MRSA by more than 74.9% of CFX-amide-PPh3. In the sub-MIC, CFX derivatives induced significant morphological changes in MRSA, including irregular deformation and membrane disruption, accompanied by a decrease in the level of resistance-related gene expression. With these promising results, this method is very likely to combat MDR bacteria through a simple TPP moiety modification of known antibiotics, which can be readily prepared at clinical sites.
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Ma M, Zhao J, Zeng Z, Wan D, Yu P, Cheng D, Gong D, Deng S. Antibacterial activity and membrane-disrupting mechanism of monocaprin against Escherichia coli and its application in apple and carrot juices. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Ramamourthy G, Park J, Seo C, J. Vogel H, Park Y. Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities and the Mechanism of Action of Repeating Lysine-Tryptophan Peptides against Candida albicans. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E758. [PMID: 32443520 PMCID: PMC7285485 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in the emergence of antifungal-resistant Candida albicans strains is becoming a serious health concern. Because antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may provide a potential alternative to conventional antifungal agents, we have synthesized a series of peptides with a varying number of lysine and tryptophan repeats (KWn-NH2). The antifungal activity of these peptides increased with peptide length, but only the longest KW5 peptide displayed cytotoxicity towards a human keratinocyte cell line. The KW4 and KW5 peptides exhibited strong antifungal activity against C. albicans, even under conditions of high-salt and acidic pH, or the addition of fungal cell wall components. Moreover, KW4 inhibited biofilm formation by a fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strain. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that fungal liposomes could interact with the longer peptides but that they did not release the fluorescent dye calcein. Subsequently, fluorescence assays with different dyes revealed that KW4 did not disrupt the membrane integrity of intact fungal cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed no changes in fungal morphology, while laser-scanning confocal microscopy indicated that KW4 can localize into the cytosol of C. albicans. Gel retardation assays revealed that KW4 can bind to fungal RNA as a potential intracellular target. Taken together, our data indicate that KW4 can inhibit cellular functions by binding to RNA and DNA after it has been translocated into the cell, resulting in the eradication of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Ramamourthy
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (G.R.); (H.J.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jonggwan Park
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 38065, Korea; (J.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Changho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 38065, Korea; (J.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Hans J. Vogel
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (G.R.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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Aschi M, Perini N, Bouchemal N, Luzi C, Savarin P, Migliore L, Bozzi A, Sette M. Structural characterization and biological activity of Crabrolin peptide isoforms with different positive charge. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Hoyas S, Halin E, Lemaur V, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Cornil J. Helicity of Peptoid Ions in the Gas Phase. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:903-909. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Hoyas
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Organic Synthesis & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS), 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Emilie Halin
- Organic Synthesis & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS), 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department of General, Organic Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS), 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons (UMONS), 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Li Y, Liu T, Liu Y, Tan Z, Ju Y, Yang Y, Dong W. Antimicrobial activity, membrane interaction and stability of the D-amino acid substituted analogs of antimicrobial peptide W3R6. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 200:111645. [PMID: 31671371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide W3R6 was derived from chensinin-1b and showed potential as a novel antibiotics. However, W3R6 was susceptible to protease cleavage, which limited its therapeutic application. To improve the proteolytic resistance of W3R6, D-amino acids were incorporated into its sequence by specific amino acid substitution or whole sequence substitution according to the specificity of the cleavage site. In this study, partially substituted analog D-Arg-W3R6 and completely substituted D-enantiomer D-W3R6 were synthesized. The resistance of D-Arg-W3R6 and D-W3R6 to cleavage by the tested protease increased, particularly of D-W3R6. The antimicrobial activity of D-Arg-W3R6 was almost the same as that of the parent peptide W3R6, but the antimicrobial activity of D-W3R6 was slightly decreased. The hemolytic activity of both D-Arg-W3R6 and D-W3R6 was negligible. The CD spectrum of D-W3R6 exhibited symmetry with that of W3R6 in a membrane-mimetic environment. The membrane interaction between the D-amino acid substituted analogs and a real/mimic bacterial cell membrane was examined. The outer membrane depolarization, inner membrane permeability and dye leakage in three types of liposomes treated with D-Arg-W3R6 and D-W3R6 were not obviously different from W3R6, which could be due to the similar physical and chemical properties. In addition, these three peptides showed the binding ability with LPS micelles detected by ITC, and their ability to disrupt the LPS micelles was examined by DLS experiment and even neutralize the surface negative charge of E. coli cells. These results suggest that D-Arg-W3R6 is a promising antibiotic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Ling-Nan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Ling-Nan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Weibing Dong
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Habault J, Poyet JL. Recent Advances in Cell Penetrating Peptide-Based Anticancer Therapies. Molecules 2019; 24:E927. [PMID: 30866424 PMCID: PMC6429072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating-peptides (CPPs) are small amino-acid sequences characterized by their ability to cross cellular membranes. They can transport various bioactive cargos inside cells including nucleic acids, large proteins, and other chemical compounds. Since 1988, natural and synthetic CPPs have been developed for applications ranging from fundamental to applied biology (cell imaging, gene editing, therapeutics delivery). In recent years, a great number of studies reported the potential of CPPs as carriers for the treatment of various diseases. Apart from a good efficacy due to a rapid and potent delivery, a crucial advantage of CPP-based therapies is the peptides low toxicity compared to most drug carriers. On the other hand, they are quite unstable and lack specificity. Higher specificity can be obtained using a cell-specific CPP to transport the therapeutic agent or using a non-specific CPP to transport a cargo with a targeted activity. CPP-cargo complexes can also be conjugated to another moiety that brings cell- or tissue-specificity. Studies based on all these approaches are showing promising results. Here, we focus on recent advances in the potential usage of CPPs in the context of cancer therapy, with a particular interest in CPP-mediated delivery of anti-tumoral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Habault
- INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche St Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Poyet
- INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche St Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France.
- c-Dithem, Inserm Consortium for Discovery and Innovation in Therapy and Medicine, 75013 Paris, France.
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18
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Piktel E, Wnorowska U, Cieśluk M, Deptula P, Pogoda K, Misztalewska-Turkowicz I, Paprocka P, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Wilczewska AZ, Janmey PA, Bucki R. Inhibition of inflammatory response in human keratinocytes by magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with PBP10 peptide derived from the PIP2-binding site of human plasma gelsolin. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:22. [PMID: 30711007 PMCID: PMC6359803 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is a multifunctional actin-binding protein involved in a variety of biological processes, including neutralization of pro-inflammatory molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and modulation of host inflammatory response. It was found that PBP10, a synthetic rhodamine B-conjugated peptide, based on the phosphoinositide-binding site of pGSN, exerts bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, interacts specifically with LPS and LTA, and limits microbial-induced inflammatory effects. The therapeutic efficiency of PBP10 when immobilized on the surface of iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles was not evaluated, to date. Results Using the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT stimulated by bacterially-derived LPS and LTA as an in vitro model of bacterial infection, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of nanosystems consisting of iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles with aminosilane (MNP@NH2) or gold shells (MNP@Au) functionalized by a set of peptides, derived from the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-binding site of the human plasma protein gelsolin, which also binds LPS and LTA. Our results indicate that these nanosystems can kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and limit the production of inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the response to heat-killed microbes or extracted bacterial cell wall components. The nanoparticles possess the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy and are characterized by lower toxicity and improved hemocompatibility when compared to free peptides. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that these PBP10-based nanosystems prevented changes in nanomechanical properties of cells that were otherwise stimulated by LPS. Conclusions Neutralization of endotoxemia-mediated cellular effects by gelsolin-derived peptides and PBP10-containing nanosystems might be considered as potent therapeutic agents in the improved therapy of bacterial infections and microbial-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cieśluk
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Deptula
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pogoda
- IInstitute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Paprocka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Matsuzaki K. Membrane Permeabilization Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:9-16. [PMID: 30980350 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Many antimicrobial peptides are considered to kill microbes by permeabilizing cell membranes. This chapter summarizes the driving force of peptide binding to membranes; various mechanisms of lipid bilayer permeabilization including the barrel-stave, toroidal pore, and carpet models; and modes of permeabilization of bacterial and mammalian membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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20
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Khadka N, Aryal CM, Pan J. Lipopolysaccharide-Dependent Membrane Permeation and Lipid Clustering Caused by Cyclic Lipopeptide Colistin. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17828-17834. [PMID: 30613815 PMCID: PMC6312645 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyanionic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play an important role in regulating the permeability of the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. Impairment of the LPS-enriched OM is essential in initiating the bactericidal activity of polymyxins. We are interested in how colistin (polymyxin E) affects the membrane permeability of LPS/phospholipid bilayers. Our vesicle leakage experiment showed that colistin binding enhanced bilayer permeability; the maximum increase in the bilayer permeability was positively correlated with the LPS fraction. Addition of magnesium ions abolished the effect of LPS in enhancing bilayer permeabilization. To describe the vesicle leakage behavior from a structural perspective, we performed liquid atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements on planar lipid bilayers. We found that colistin caused the formation of nano- and macroclusters that protruded from the bilayer by ∼2 nm. Moreover, cluster development was promoted by increasing the fraction of LPS or colistin concentration but inhibited by magnesium ions. To explain our experimental data, we proposed a lipid clustering model where colistin binds to LPS to form large-scale complexes segregated from zwitterionic phospholipids. The discontinuity (and thickness mismatch) at the edge of LPS-colistin clusters will create a passage that allows solutes to permeate through. The proposed model is consistent with all data obtained from our leakage and AFM experiments. Our results of LPS-dependent membrane restructuring provided useful insights into the mechanism that could be used by polymyxins in impairing the permeability barrier of the OM of Gram-negative bacteria.
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21
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Beaudoin T, Stone TA, Glibowicka M, Adams C, Yau Y, Ahmadi S, Bear CE, Grasemann H, Waters V, Deber CM. Activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14728. [PMID: 30283025 PMCID: PMC6170476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing recognition of biofilms in human disease, the development of novel antimicrobial therapies is of critical importance. For example, in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the acquisition of host-adapted, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is associated with a decline in lung function and increased mortality. Our objective was to test the in vitro efficacy of a membrane-active antimicrobial peptide we designed, termed 6K-F17 (sequence: KKKKKK-AAFAAWAAFAA-NH2), against multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa biofilms. This peptide displays high antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogenic bacteria, yet is non-hemolytic to human erythrocytes and non-toxic to human bronchial epithelial cells. In the present work, P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, and four multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates from chronically infected CF individuals, were grown as 48-hour biofilms in a static biofilm slide chamber model. These biofilms were then exposed to varying concentrations of 6K-F17 alone, or in the presence of tobramycin, prior to confocal imaging. Biofilm biovolume and viability were assessed. 6K-F17 was able to kill biofilms - even in the presence of sputum - and greatly reduce biofilm biovolume in PAO1 and MDR isolates. Strikingly, when used in conjunction with tobramycin, low doses of 6K-F17 significantly potentiated tobramycin killing, leading to biofilm destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Beaudoin
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tracy A Stone
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miroslawa Glibowicka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christina Adams
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yvonne Yau
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saumel Ahmadi
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Valerie Waters
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Charles M Deber
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Jin L, Wang Q, Zhang H, Tai S, Liu H, Zhang D. A Synthetic Peptide AWRK6 Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2661. [PMID: 30205524 PMCID: PMC6165536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis, the liver plays central roles in toxins phagocytosis and clearance to protect the whole body. The liver cells were constantly irritated by LPS which leads to liver injury. While most anti-LPS agents showed little clinical activity against LPS-induced liver injury. Here, the protective effects of the synthetic peptide AWRK6 against LPS-induced liver injury have been investigated in vivo and in vitro. In mice liver homogenate, LPS administration elevated ALT (alanine aminotransferase), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and repressed SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities and these changes were remarkably reversed by AWRK6. Histologically, AWRK6 effectively alleviated the histological changes and repressed LPS-induced neutrophils infiltration. By TUNEL assay on liver sections, AWRK6 was proven to inhibit apoptosis induced by LPS in mice livers, which was also verified by the protein levels of cleaved-caspase 9, Bax and Bcl-2. In addition, by in vitro study using HepG2 cells, AWRK6 was found to recover the LPS-reduced cell viability and reduce LPS-induced apoptosis. For mechanisms, AWRK6 was demonstrated to alleviate the LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK, indicating the involvement of MAPKs in the protection of AWRK6 against liver injury. In summary, we have found the synthetic peptide AWRK6 as a promising novel agent for LPS-induced liver injury, by inhibiting cell apoptosis through MAPK signaling pathways, which might bring new strategies for the treatment of acute and chronic liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jin
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Sijia Tai
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Dianbao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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23
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Bellio P, Luzi C, Mancini A, Cracchiolo S, Passacantando M, Di Pietro L, Perilli M, Amicosante G, Santucci S, Celenza G. Cerium oxide nanoparticles as potential antibiotic adjuvant. Effects of CeO 2 nanoparticles on bacterial outer membrane permeability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2428-2435. [PMID: 30026034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options against Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogens are limited and the overall strategy would be the development of adjuvants able to enhance the activity of therapeutically available antibiotics. Non-specific outer membrane permeabilizer, like metal-oxide nanoparticles, can be used to increase the activity of antibiotics in drug-resistant pathogens. The study aims to investigate the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) on bacterial outer membrane permeability and their application in increasing the antibacterial activity of antibiotics against MDR pathogens. METHODS The ability of CeO2 NPs to permeabilize Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane was investigated by calcein-loaded liposomes. The extent of the damage was evaluated using lipid vesicles loaded with FITC-dextran probes. The effect on bacterial outer membrane was evaluated by measuring the coefficient of permeability at increasing concentrations of CeO2 NPs. The interaction between CeO2 NPs and beta-lactams was evaluated by chequerboard assay against a Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate expressing high levels of resistance against those antibiotics. RESULTS Calcein leakage increases as NPs concentrations increase while no leakage was observed in FITC-dextran loaded liposomes. In Escherichia coli the outer membrane permeability coefficient increases in presence of CeO2 NPs. The antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against K. pneumoniae was enhanced when combined with NPs. CONCLUSIONS CeO2 NPs increases the effectiveness of antimicrobials which activity is compromised by drug resistance mechanisms. The synergistic effect is the result of the interaction of NPs with the bacterial outer membrane. The low toxicity of CeO2 NPs makes them attractive as antibiotic adjuvants against MDR pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Bellio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of l'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Carla Luzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of l'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alisia Mancini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of l'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cracchiolo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of l'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Letizia Di Pietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of l'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Perilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of l'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Amicosante
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of l'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandro Santucci
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celenza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of l'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Chen R, Mao Y, Wang J, Liu M, Qiao Y, Zheng L, Su Y, Ke Q, Zheng W. Molecular mechanisms of an antimicrobial peptide piscidin (Lc-pis) in a parasitic protozoan, Cryptocaryon irritans. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:192. [PMID: 29703140 PMCID: PMC6389114 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate parasitic ciliate protozoan that can infect various commercially important mariculture fish species and cause high lethality and economic loss. Current methods of controlling this parasite with chemicals or antibiotics are widely considered to be environmentally harmful. Piscidins with broad spectrum antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities were found to have potent activity against C. irritans. Little, however, has been understood about the killing mechanisms of piscidins in parasites. Results In total, 57.12, 50.44, 55.86 and 47.87 million raw reads were generated from untreated theront and trophont, and piscidin (Lc-pis) treated theront and trophont libraries, respectively. After de novo assembly, 966,609 unigenes were generated with an average length of 420 bp: among these, 618,629 unigenes showed identity with sequences in one or more databases, with some showing to be significantly manipulated by Lc-pis treatment. The species classification showed that more than 25.8% unigenes from trophonts were homologous to the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and less than 3.8% unigenes from theronts were matched. The homologous unigenes demonstrated that the tissue from host could exist in trophonts and might be transported to parasite via vesicular transports. Our analysis showed that regulatory transcripts were involved in vesicular trafficking. Among transcripts induced by Lc-pis, most genes up-regulated in treated and untreated theronts were involved in cell migration and apoptosis related pathways. Few transcripts were found to be down-regulated in treated and untreated trophonts related to cell structure and migration after treatment. Conclusions This is the first transcriptome analysis of C. irritans exposed to Lc-pis, which enhanced the genomic resources and provided novel insights into molecular mechanisms of ciliates treated by cationic antimicrobial peptide. Our comprehensive transcriptome analysis can facilitate the identification of potential drug targets and vaccines candidates for controlling this devastating fish pathogen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4565-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruanni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co., Ltd, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co., Ltd, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co., Ltd, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Libing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yongquan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co., Ltd, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China.
| | - Qiaozhen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co., Ltd, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China
| | - Weiqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co., Ltd, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China
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Antimicrobial activity and self-assembly behavior of antimicrobial peptide chensinin-1b with lipophilic alkyl tails. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:546-558. [PMID: 29549839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The threshold hydrophobicity and amphipathic structure of the peptidic chain are important for the biological function of antimicrobial peptides. Chensinin-1b exhibits broad-spectrum bactericidal activity with no hemolytic activity but has almost no anticancer ability against the selected cancer cell lines. In this study, the conjugation of aliphatic acid was designed with different lengths of N-terminal of chensinin-1b, the antimicrobial activity of the resulting lipo-chensinin-1b was examined, in which OA-C1b showed much stronger activity than those of cheninin-1b and the other two lipopeptides. The membrane interaction between the lipo-chensinin-1b and real/mimetic bacterial cell membrane was investigated. Electrostatic interactions between the lipo-chensinin-1b and lipopolysaccharides were detected by isothermal titration calorimetry and the binding affinities were 10.83 μM, 8.77 μM and 7.35 μM for OA-C1b, LA-C1b and PA-C1b, respectively. The antimicrobial activity and membrane interaction ability of the lipo-chensinin-1b followed this order: OA-C1b > chensinin-1b > LA-C1b > PA-C1b. In addition, the lipo-chensinin-1b also exhibited lytic activity against various cancer cells and demonstrated the ability to inhibit LPS-stimulated cytokine release from human U937 cells. The CD spectra indicated that the helical or β-strands contents were existed as the main components in TFE or LPS solution, respectively. The self-assembly behavior was trigged by the solution pH and affected by the length of carbon chain, in which chensinin-1b, OA-C1b, LA-C1b and PA-C1b formed micelles at neutral pH and the micelle size increased for chensinin-1b, OA-C1b and LA-C1b. PA-C1b formed nanofibers in an acidic environment indicated by TEM experiments, and the peptides formed aggregates in an acidic environment and re-dissociated when the pH was adjusted to neutral.
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Shen M, Dong W, Qian J, Zou L. Antimicrobial activity and membrane interaction mechanism of the antimicrobial peptides derived from Rana chensinensis with short sequences. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Jiang J, Yin L, Li JY, Li Q, Shi D, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Wu P, Zhao Y, Zhou XQ. Glutamate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative damage and mRNA expression changes of tight junction and defensin proteins, inflammatory and apoptosis response signaling molecules in the intestine of fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:473-484. [PMID: 28917487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the possible preventive effects of dietary glutamate (Glu) on LPS-induced oxidative damage, mRNA expression changes of tight junction (TJ) and defensin proteins, inflammatory and apoptosis response signaling molecules in fish intestine. Young Jian carp were fed five diets supplemental graded levels of Glu (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 g kg-1 diet) for 63 days. The results indicated that Glu supplementation depressed LPS induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and severe oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation) in fish intestine, which was partially due to the increased glutathione (GSH) content and antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) (P < 0.05). Further investigations indicated that Glu supplementation caused elevation of those antioxidant enzyme activities are related to the up-regulation of corresponding antioxidant enzymes and the related signaling factor Nrf2 mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, Glu pre-treatment significantly suppressed LPS-induced COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression and down-regulated NF-κB p65 and MAPK p38 transcription. Furthermore, pre-treatment with Glu prevented LPS induced apoptosis-related gene expression (caspase 3 and 9, P < 0.05). Lastly, Glu supplementation also attenuated LPS induced intestinal barrier function-related gene TJ proteins (ZO-1, occludin1, claudin2, 3, and 7), β-defensin1 and 3 mRNA expressions decreasing (P < 0.05). Taken together, the present results showed Glu could attenuate LPS induced the oxidative damage by Nrf2 signal pathway and depress LPS induced inflammation response (cytokines, COX-2, NF-κB p65, and MAPK p38), apoptosis (caspase3 and 9), and barrier function (ZO-1, occludin1, claudin2, 3 and 7, and β-defensin 1 and 3)-related gene expression changes of fish intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Long Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jin-Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Pei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Smart M, Rajagopal A, Liu WK, Ha BY. Opposing effects of cationic antimicrobial peptides and divalent cations on bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:042405. [PMID: 29347628 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.042405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The permeability of the bacterial outer membrane, enclosing Gram-negative bacteria, depends on the interactions of the outer, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer, with surrounding ions and molecules. We present a coarse-grained model for describing how cationic amphiphilic molecules (e.g., antimicrobial peptides) interact with and perturb the LPS layer in a biologically relevant medium, containing monovalent and divalent salt ions (e.g., Mg^{2+}). In our approach, peptide binding is driven by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and is assumed to expand the LPS layer, eventually priming it for disruption. Our results suggest that in parameter ranges of biological relevance (e.g., at micromolar concentrations) the antimicrobial peptide magainin 2 effectively disrupts the LPS layer, even though it has to compete with Mg^{2+} for the layer. They also show how the integrity of LPS is restored with an increasing concentration of Mg^{2+}. Using the approach, we make a number of predictions relevant for optimizing peptide parameters against Gram-negative bacteria and for understanding bacterial strategies to develop resistance against cationic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Smart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aruna Rajagopal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wing-Ki Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bae-Yeun Ha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Gagat M, Zielińska W, Grzanka A. Cell-penetrating peptides and their utility in genome function modifications (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1615-1623. [PMID: 29039455 PMCID: PMC5716439 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost 30 years, studies have confirmed the effectiveness of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) in the facilitation of the intracellular delivery of various cargo molecules, including RNA, DNA, plasmids, proteins or nanoparticles, under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The cellular uptake of CPPs occurs via energy-dependent, as well as -independent mechanisms. In this relatively new direction of research, studies have attempted to introduce genome modification systems into cells by CPPs. Cellular uptake of CPPs carrying either covalently bound or electrostatically conjugated cargo, has several advantages over viral delivery systems, as it does not lead to any significant cytotoxicity or immunogenicity, and simultaneously it is more efficient than other non-viral systems. So far, CPPs have been successfully used to introduce Cre recombinase, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats systems into cells. The present article systematically reviewed the information obtained from studies on CPPs and assessed their utility with regard to their effectiveness and safety of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Pl-85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Pl-85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Pl-85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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30
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Srinivasan P, Ramasamy P. Morphological characterization and biocontrol effects of Vibrio vulnificus phages against Vibriosis in the shrimp aquaculture environment. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:472-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of three chensinin-1 peptides containing mutation of glycine and histidine residues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40228. [PMID: 28054660 PMCID: PMC5215317 DOI: 10.1038/srep40228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural peptide chensinin-1 doesnot exhibit its desired biological properties. In this study, the mutant MC1-1 was designed by replacing Gly in the chensinin-1 sequence with Trp. Mutants MC1-2 and MC1-3 were designed based on the MC1-1 sequence to investigate the specific role of His residues. The mutated peptides presented α-helicity in a membrane-mimetic environment and exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities; in contrast to Trp residues, His residues were dispensable for interacting with the cell membrane. The interactions between the mutant peptides and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) facilitated the ingestion of peptides by Gram-negative bacteria. The binding affinities of the peptides were similar, at approximately 10 μM, but ΔH for MC1-2 was −7.3 kcal.mol−1, which was 6-9 folds higher than those of MC1-1 and MC1-3, probably due to the conformational changes. All mutant peptides demonstrated the ability to inhibit LPS-induced tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release from murine RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the representative peptide MC1-1showed better inhibition of serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels compared to polymyxin B (PMB), a potent binder and neutralizer of LPS as positive control in LPS-challenged mice model. These data suggest that the mutant peptides could be promising molecules for development as chensinin-based therapeutic agents against sepsis.
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Hicks R. Preparation of Membrane Models of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Their Interaction with Antimicrobial Peptides Studied by CD and NMR. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1548:231-245. [PMID: 28013508 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic activity of antimicrobial peptides is generally derived via some type of disruption of the cell membrane(s). The most common models used to mimic the properties of bacterial membranes consist of mixtures of various zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids. This approach works reasonably well for Gram-positive bacteria. However, since the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria contain lipopolysaccharides, as well as zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids, a more complex model is required to simulate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Herein we present a protocol for the preparation of models of the outer membranes of the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This protocol can be used to prepare models of other Gram-negative bacteria provided the strain-specific lipopolysaccharides are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickey Hicks
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, 1120 5th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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CPP-Assisted Intracellular Drug Delivery, What Is Next? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111892. [PMID: 27854260 PMCID: PMC5133891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 20 years, we have witnessed an unprecedented and, indeed, rather miraculous event of how cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), the naturally originated penetrating enhancers, help overcome the membrane barrier that has hindered the access of bio-macromolecular compounds such as genes and proteins into cells, thereby denying their clinical potential to become potent anti-cancer drugs. By taking the advantage of the unique cell-translocation property of these short peptides, various payloads of proteins, nucleic acids, or even nanoparticle-based carriers were delivered into all cell types with unparalleled efficiency. However, non-specific CPP-mediated cell penetration into normal tissues can lead to widespread organ distribution of the payloads, thereby reducing the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and at the same time increasing the drug-induced toxic effects. In view of these challenges, we present herein a review of the new designs of CPP-linked vehicles and strategies to achieve highly effective yet less toxic chemotherapy in combating tumor oncology.
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Antibacterial effects of Lactobacillus and bacteriocin PLNC8 αβ on the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:188. [PMID: 27538539 PMCID: PMC4990846 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complications in healthcare systems associated with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have resulted in an intense search for new effective antimicrobials. Attractive substances from which novel antibiotics may be developed are the bacteriocins. These naturally occurring peptides are generally considered to be safe and efficient at eliminating pathogenic bacteria. Among specific keystone pathogens in periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered to be the most important pathogen in the development and progression of chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of different Lactobacillus species and the two-peptide bacteriocin PLNC8 αβ on P. gingivalis. Results Growth inhibition of P. gingivalis was obtained by viable Lactobacillus and culture media from L. plantarum NC8 and 44048, but not L. brevis 30670. The two-peptide bacteriocin from L. plantarum NC8 (PLNC8 αβ) was found to be efficient against P. gingivalis through binding followed by permeabilization of the membranes, using Surface plasmon resonance analysis and DNA staining with Sytox Green. Liposomal systems were acquired to verify membrane permeabilization by PLNC8 αβ. The antimicrobial activity of PLNC8 αβ was found to be rapid (1 min) and visualized by TEM to cause cellular distortion through detachment of the outer membrane and bacterial lysis. Conclusion Soluble or immobilized PLNC8 αβ bacteriocins may be used to prevent P. gingivalis colonization and subsequent pathogenicity, and thus supplement the host immune system against invading pathogens associated with periodontitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0810-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abstract
Host-defense peptides (HDPs) are promising next generation of antibiotic agents, as they have the potential to circumvent emerging drug resistance, due to their mechanism of bacterial killing through disruption of their membranes. Nonetheless, HDPs have intrinsic drawbacks such as low-to-moderate activity, susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. In the past few years, we developed a new class of peptidomimetics named 'γ-AApeptides', which have superior resistance to proteolysis and a variety of diversification via straightforward synthesis. Our recent studies suggested that γ-AApeptides can mimic the bactericidal mechanism of HDPs and show potent and broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this review, we summarize our current studies of antimicrobial γ-AApeptides and discuss their potential future development as antimicrobial peptidomimetics.
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Lashua LP, Melvin JA, Deslouches B, Pilewski JM, Montelaro RC, Bomberger JM. Engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide (eCAP) prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth on airway epithelial cells. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:2200-7. [PMID: 27231279 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic infections with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are responsible for the majority of the morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). While P. aeruginosa infections may initially be treated successfully with standard antibiotics, chronic infections typically arise as bacteria transition to a biofilm mode of growth and acquire remarkable antimicrobial resistance. To address the critical need for novel antimicrobial therapeutics that can effectively suppress chronic bacterial infections in challenging physiological environments, such as the CF lung, we have rationally designed a de novo engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide, the 24-residue WLBU2, with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for pan-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa in liquid culture. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that WLBU2 also prevents P. aeruginosa biofilm growth. METHODS Using abiotic and biotic biofilm assays, co-culturing P. aeruginosa with polarized human airway epithelial cells, we examined the ability of WLBU2 to prevent biofilm biogenesis alone and in combination with currently used antibiotics. RESULTS We observed a dose-dependent reduction in biofilm growth on an abiotic surface and in association with CF airway epithelial cells. WLBU2 prevented P. aeruginosa biofilm formation when co-cultured with mucus-producing primary human CF airway epithelial cells and using CF clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, even at low pH and high salt conditions that mimic the CF airway. When used in combination, WLBU2 significantly increases killing by the commonly used antibiotics tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and meropenem. CONCLUSIONS While other studies have demonstrated the ability of natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides to prevent abiotic bacterial biofilm formation, the current studies for the first time demonstrate the effective peptide treatment of a biotic bacterial biofilm in a setting similar to the CF airway, and without negative effects on human airway epithelial cells, thus highlighting the unique potential of this engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide for treatment of human respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Lashua
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Melvin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Berthony Deslouches
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Pilewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald C Montelaro
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zaro JL, Shen WC. Cationic and amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): Their structures and in vivo studies in drug delivery. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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38
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Kwon SS, Kim SY, Kong BJ, Kim KJ, Noh GY, Im NR, Lim JW, Ha JH, Kim J, Park SN. Cell penetrating peptide conjugated liposomes as transdermal delivery system of Polygonum aviculare L. extract. Int J Pharm 2015; 483:26-37. [PMID: 25623491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Polygonum aviculare L. extract, which has superior antioxidative and cellular membrane protective activity, was loaded onto cell penetrating peptide (CPP) conjugated liposomes to enhance transdermal delivery. The physical characteristics of typical liposomes and CPP-conjugated liposomes containing P. aviculare extract were evaluated. The particle sizes of both liposomes were approximately 150 nm. Whereas the zeta potential of typical liposomes was -45 mV, that of CPP-conjugated liposomes was +42 mV. The loading efficiency of P. aviculare extract in both liposomes was calculated to be about 83%. Fluorescent-labeled liposomes were prepared to evaluate cellular uptake and skin permeation efficiency. Using flow cytometry, we found that CPP-conjugated liposomes improved cellular uptake of the fluorescent dye as compared with the typical liposomes. In addition, the skin permeation of CPP-conjugated liposomes was proved higher than that of typical liposomes by confocal laser scanning microscopy studies and Franz diffusion cell experiments. The improved cellular uptake and skin permeation of the CPP-conjugated liposomes were due to the cationic arginine-rich peptide. In vivo studies also determined that the CPP-conjugated liposomes were more effective in depigmentation and anti-wrinkle studies than typical liposomes. These results indicate that the CPP-conjugated liposomes could be effective for transdermal drug delivery of antioxidant and anti-aging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sik Kwon
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Bong Ju Kong
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Geun Young Noh
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Na Ri Im
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Lim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Ha
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea
| | - Junoh Kim
- R&D Unit, AMOREPACIFIC Co., Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 446-729, South Korea.
| | - Soo Nam Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, College of Nature and Life Science & Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, South Korea.
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Lam NH, Ha BY. Surface-lattice model describes electrostatic interactions of ions and polycations with bacterial lipopolysaccharides: ion valence and polycation's excluded area. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:13631-13640. [PMID: 25341067 DOI: 10.1021/la502905m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial outer membrane (OM) is compositionally distinct and contains polyanionic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer layer as a main component. It has long been known that the cation-binding ability of LPS is one of the key determinants of OM permeability. Here we present a two-dimensional lattice model of the outer LPS layer, in which the lattice is decorated with bound ions or polycations; while small ions can occupy single binding sites, polycations, modeled as (charged) rods, compete for binding sites through their area exclusion, a consequence of their multisite binding. Our results suggest that in the parameter space of biological relevance, the effect of area exclusion is well-reflected in the competitive binding of Mg(2+) and polycations onto LPS; by reducing the apparent binding affinity of polycations, it enhances Mg(2+) binding. Despite simplifications, our results are generally consistent with the common view of Mg(2+) as OM-stabilizing and polycations as OM-perturbing agents. They will be useful for understanding how cationic antimicrobials can gain entry into the cytoplasmic membrane. We also outline a few strategies for extending our model toward a more realistic modeling of OM permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman H Lam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Sun Y, Dong W, Sun L, Ma L, Shang D. Insights into the membrane interaction mechanism and antibacterial properties of chensinin-1b. Biomaterials 2014; 37:299-311. [PMID: 25453959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with non-specific membrane disrupting activities are thought to exert their antimicrobial activity as a result of their cationicity, hydrophobicity and α-helical or β-sheet structures. Chensinin-1, a native peptide from skin secretions of Rana chensinensis, fails to manifest its desired biological properties because its low hydrophobic nature and an adopted random coil structure in a membrane-mimetic environment. In this study, chensinin-1b was designed by rearranging the amino acid sequence of its hydrophilic/polar residues on one face and its hydrophobic/nonpolar residues on the opposite face according to its helical diagram, and by replacing three Gly residues with three Trp residues. Introduction of Trp residues significantly promoted the binding of the peptide to the bacterial outer membrane and exerted bactericidal activity through cytoplasmic membrane damage. Chensinin-1b demonstrates higher antimicrobial activity and greater cell selectivity than its parent peptide, chensinin-1. The electrostatic interactions between chensinin-1b and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may have facilitated the uptake of the peptide into Gram-negative cells and be also helpful to disrupt the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, as evidenced by depolarisation of the membrane potential and leakage of calceins from the liposomes of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Chensinin-1b was also found to penetrate mouse skin and was also effective in vivo, as measured by hydroxyproline levels in a wound infection mouse model, and could therefore act as an anti-infective agent for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Weibing Dong
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Lijie Ma
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Teng P, Wu H, Lin L, Cai J. Antimicrobial γ-AApeptides (WO2013112548): a patent evaluation. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 25:111-8. [PMID: 25331592 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.973855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The patent application WO2013112548 claims a new class of peptidomimetics - γ-AApeptides with potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. These γ-AApeptides are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including medicinally relevant drug-resistant pathogens. They are believed to exert bactericidal function by mimicking the membrane disruption mechanism of host-defense peptides. As such, they may provide an alternative approach for antimicrobial development combating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Teng
- University of South Florida, Department of Chemistry , 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 , USA +1 813 974 9506 ; +1 813 974 3203 ;
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Lam NH, Ma Z, Ha BY. Electrostatic modification of the lipopolysaccharide layer: competing effects of divalent cations and polycationic or polyanionic molecules. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:7528-7544. [PMID: 25109281 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01262c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is asymmetrical with its outer layer mainly populated with polyanionic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Much empirical evidence shows how OM permeability can be altered electrostatically: if Mg(2+) or divalent cations are required for the integrity of the OM, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) or ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) can permeabilize it. Using a coarse-grained model of the outer LPS layer, in which the layer is viewed as forming discrete binding sites for opposite charges, we study how the LPS layer can be modified electrostatically. In particular, we capture systematically ion-pairing and lateral-charge correlations on the LPS layer. Our results offer a clear picture of (competitive) ion binding onto the LPS layer and its impact on the lateral packing of LPS molecules, similarly to what has been seen in experiments: divalent cations such as Mg(2+) not only neutralize the LPS layer but also make its planar charge distribution heterogeneous, thus tightening the LPS layer; on the other hand, polycationic AMPs or polyanionic EDTA can displace Mg(2+) ions from the LPS layer and counteract the favorable effect of Mg(2+). Our result will be useful for clarifying to what extent OM permeability can be modified electrostatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman H Lam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Cationic synthetic peptides: assessment of their antimicrobial potency in liquid preserved boar semen. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105949. [PMID: 25148109 PMCID: PMC4141845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Various semen extender formulas are in use to maintain sperm longevity and quality whilst acting against bacterial contamination in liquid sperm preservation. Aminoglycosides are commonly supplemented to aid in the control of bacteria. As bacterial resistance is increasing worldwide, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) received lively interest as alternatives to overcome multi-drug resistant bacteria. We investigated, whether synthetic cationic AMPs might be a suitable alternative for conventional antibiotics in liquid boar sperm preservation. The antibacterial activity of two cyclic AMPs (c-WWW, c-WFW) and a helical magainin II amide analog (MK5E) was studied in vitro against two Gram-positive and eleven Gram-negative bacteria. Isolates included ATCC reference strains, multi-resistant E. coli and bacteria cultured from boar semen. Using broth microdilution, minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for all AMPs. All AMPs revealed activity towards the majority of bacteria but not against Proteus spp. (all AMPs) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MK5E). We could also demonstrate that c-WWW and c-WFW were effective against bacterial growth in liquid preserved boar semen in situ, especially when combined with a small amount of gentamicin. Our results suggest that albeit not offering a complete alternative to traditional antibiotics, the use of AMPs offers a promising solution to decrease the use of conventional antibiotics and thereby limit the selection of multi-resistant strains.
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44
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Chai H, Allen WE, Hicks RP. Spectroscopic investigations of the binding mechanisms between antimicrobial peptides and membrane models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4210-22. [PMID: 24931276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CD spectroscopy was used to investigate the interactions of a series of synthetic AMPs with LPS isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as with various phospholipids to better approximate the chemical composition of the membranes of these two strains of Gram-negative bacteria. This investigation was conducted in order to probe how the contributions of key physicochemical properties of an AMP vary in different regions of the membranes of these two bacteria. The conclusions from this study are as follows. (1) The binding interactions between the AMP and the membranes are defined by the complementarity of delocalization of positive charge density of the basic amino side chains (i.e., electrostatics), molecular flexibility of the peptide backbone, and overall hydrophobicity. (2) The binding interactions of these AMPs to LPS seem to be predominantly with the lipid A region of the LPS. (3) Incorporation of phospholipids into the LPS containing SUVs resulted in dramatic changes in the conformational equilibrium of the bound AMPs. (4) For the LPS-phospholipid models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, delocalization of the side chain positive charge plays a major role in determining the number of conformers that contribute to the binding conformational equilibrium. This relationship was not observed for the models of the outer and inner membranes of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Chai
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - William E Allen
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Rickey P Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States.
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45
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Bi X, Wang C, Dong W, Zhu W, Shang D. Antimicrobial properties and interaction of two Trp-substituted cationic antimicrobial peptides with a lipid bilayer. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:361-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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46
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Niu Y, Wu H, Li Y, Hu Y, Padhee S, Li Q, Cao C, Cai J. AApeptides as a new class of antimicrobial agents. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4283-90. [PMID: 23722277 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing public health concern around the world, and is recognized as one of the greatest threats facing humankind in the 21(st) century. Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small cationic amphiphilic peptides found in virtually all living organisms, and play a key role in the defense against bacterial infections. Compared with conventional antibiotics, which target specific metabolic processes, AMPs are able to adopt globally amphipathic conformations, and kill bacteria through disruption of their membranes. As such, AMPs do not readily induce drug-resistance. However, AMPs are associated with intrinsic drawbacks such as low-to-moderate activity, susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, and inconvenience for optimization. Recently, we have developed a new class of peptidomimetics termed "AApeptides". Such peptide mimics are highly resistant to protease degradation and are straightforward for chemical diversification and development. Our current studies show that AApeptides with globally amphipathic structures can mimic the bactericidal mechanism of AMPs, and display potent and broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and -negative multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In this review, we summarize our current findings of antimicrobial AApeptides, and discuss potential future directions on the development of more potent and specific analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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47
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Maisetta G, Vitali A, Scorciapino MA, Rinaldi AC, Petruzzelli R, Brancatisano FL, Esin S, Stringaro A, Colone M, Luzi C, Bozzi A, Campa M, Batoni G. pH-dependent disruption of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and model membranes by the human antimicrobial peptides hepcidin 20 and 25. FEBS J 2013; 280:2842-54. [PMID: 23587102 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human hepcidin 25 (hep-25) and its isoform hepcidin 20 (hep-20) are histidine-containing, cystein rich, β-sheet structured peptides endowed with antimicrobial activity. We previously reported that, similar to other histidine-containing peptides, the microbicidal effects of hep-25 and hep-20 are highly enhanced at acidic pH. In the present study, we investigated whether pH influences the mode of action of hep-25 and hep-20 on Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection 25922 and model membranes. A striking release of β-galactosidase by hepcidin-treated E. coli was observed at pH 5.0, whereas no inner membrane permeabilization capacity was seen at pH 7.4, even at bactericidal concentrations. Similar results were obtained by flow cytometry when assessing the internalization of propidium iodide by hepcidin-treated E. coli. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that both peptides induced the formation of numerous blebs on the surface of bacterial cells at acidic pH but not at neutral pH. Moreover, a phospholipid/polydiacetylene colourimetric vesicle assay revealed a more evident membrane damaging effect at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.4. The leakage of entrapped dextrans of increasing molecular size from liposomes was also assessed at pH 7.4. Consistent with the lack of β-galactosidase release from whole E. coli observed at such a pH value, evident leakage of only the smallest 4-kDa dextran (and not of dextrans of 20 or 70 kDa) was observed, indicating a poor ability of hepcidin peptides to permeabilize liposome vesicles at pH 7.4. Altogether, the data obtained in the present study using different approaches strongly suggest that the ability of hepcidins to perturb bacterial membranes is markedly pH-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Pisa, Italy
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48
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold promise to circumvent the emergence of drug resistance occurring in the treatment of bacteria using many conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptidomimetics, which mimic bactericidal mechanisms of AMPs, may overcome the disadvantages of AMPs and become the new generation of antibiotic therapeutics. In this review, some recent examples in the development of antimicrobial peptidomimetics are highlighted. The potential of antimicrobial agents has been demonstrated for therapeutic uses. Meanwhile, perspectives on their further development and applications are also presented.
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49
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Gopal R, Lee JK, Lee JH, Kim YG, Oh GC, Seo CH, Park Y. Effect of repetitive lysine-tryptophan motifs on the eukaryotic membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2190-202. [PMID: 23340654 PMCID: PMC3565372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14012190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we synthesized a series of peptides containing simple sequence repeats, (KW)n–NH2 (n = 2,3,4 and 5) and determined their antimicrobial and hemolytic activities, as well as their mechanism of antimicrobial action. However, (KW)5 showed undesirable cytotoxicity against RBC cells. In order to identify the mechanisms behind the hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of (KW)5, we measured the ability of these peptides to induce aggregation of liposomes. In addition, their binding and permeation activities were assessed by Trp fluorescence, calcein leakage and circular dichrorism using artificial phospholipids that mimic eukaryotic liposomes, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), PC/sphingomyelin (SM) (2:1, w/w) and PC/cholesterol (CH) (2:1, w/w). Experiments confirmed that only (KW)5 induced aggregation of all liposomes; it formed much larger aggregates with PC:CH (2:1, w/w) than with PC or PC:SM (2:1, w/w). Longer peptide (KW)5, but not (KW)3 or (KW)4, strongly bound and partially inserted into PC:CH compared to PC or PC:SM (2:1, w/w). Calcein release experiments showed that (KW)5 induced calcein leakage from the eukaryotic membrane. Greater calcein leakage was induced by (KW)5 from PC:CH than from PC:SM (2:1, w/w) or PC, whereas (KW)4 did not induce calcein leakage from any of the liposomes. Circular dichroism measurements indicated that (KW)5 showed higher conformational transition compared to (KW)4 due to peptide-liposome interactions. Taken together, our results suggest that (KW)5 reasonably mediates the aggregation and permeabilization of eukaryotic membranes, which could in turn explain why (KW)5 displays efficient hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramamourthy Gopal
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mails: (R.G.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Jong Kook Lee
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mails: (R.G.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mails: (J.H.L.); (Y.G.K.)
| | - Young Gwon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mails: (J.H.L.); (Y.G.K.)
| | - Gwang Chae Oh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (G.C.O.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Korea; E-Mails: (G.C.O.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mails: (R.G.); (J.K.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; E-Mails: (J.H.L.); (Y.G.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6854; Fax: +82-62-225-6758
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Abstract
The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent components. Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final combination of them is likely to be related to an animal’s immunological history and evolutionary development. Vertebrate immune system consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but it is the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens. According to anatomical location, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-, skin-, and gill-associated lymphoid tissue and most available studies focus on gut. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of the immunological defences present in skin mucosa as a very important part of the fish immune system, serving as an anatomical and physiological barrier against external hazards. Interest in defence mechanism of fish arises from a need to develop health management tools to support a growing finfish aquaculture industry, while at the same time addressing questions concerning origins and evolution of immunity in vertebrates. Increased knowledge of fish mucosal immune system will facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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