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Song Q, Xiao Y, Xiao Z, Liu T, Li J, Li P, Han F. Lysozymes in Fish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15039-15051. [PMID: 34890178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the deterioration of the aquaculture ecological environment has led to a high incidence of fish diseases. Lysozymes, important antimicrobial enzymes, play an important role in the innate immune system of fish. The studies of fish lysozymes benefit the control of fish infections caused by pathogens. In this review, we reviewed recent progress in fish lysozymes, including their classification, structural characteristics, biological functions and mechanisms, tissue distributions, and properties of their recombinant proteins, which will help us to systematically understand the fish lysozymes and facilitate their applications in the fields of food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Xiao
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Sichuan Tengli Agri-Tech Company, Limited, Deyang, Sichuan 618200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
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Boroda AV, Kipryushina YO, Odintsova NA. The effects of cold stress on Mytilus species in the natural environment. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:821-832. [PMID: 32297161 PMCID: PMC7591686 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors induce changes in marine mussels from molecular (e.g., neurotransmitter and chaperone concentration, and expression of immune- and heat-shock protein-related genes) to physiological (e.g., filtration and heart rates, the number of circulating hemocytes) levels. Temperature directly affects the biogeographic distribution of mussels. Chaperones might form an essential part of endogenous protective mechanisms for the adaptation of these animals to low temperatures in nature. Here, we review the available studies dealing with cold stress responses of Mytilidae family members in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Victorovich Boroda
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 690041, Russia.
| | - Yulia Olegovna Kipryushina
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 690041, Russia
| | - Nelly Adolphovna Odintsova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 690041, Russia
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3
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Wang X, Huang W, Wei S, Shang Y, Gu H, Wu F, Lan Z, Hu M, Shi H, Wang Y. Microplastics impair digestive performance but show little effects on antioxidant activity in mussels under low pH conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113691. [PMID: 31810717 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, microplastic contamination and acidification may occur simultaneously, this study evaluated the effects of ocean acidification and microplastics on oxidative stress responses and digestive enzymes in mussels. The thick shell mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed to four concentrations of polystyrene microspheres (diameter 2 μm, 0, 10, 104 and 106 particles/L) under two pH levels (7.7 and 8.1) for 14 days followed by a 7-day recovery acclimation. Throughout the experiment, we found that microplastics and ocean acidification exerted little oxidative stress to the digestive gland. Only catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) showed a significant increase along with increased microplastics during the experiment, but recovered to the control levels once these stressors were removed. No significant effects of pH and microplastics on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed. The responses of digestive enzymes to both stressors were more pronounced than antioxidant enzymes. During the experiment, pepsin (PES), trypsin (TRS), alpha-amylase (AMS) and lipase (LPS) were significantly inhibited under microplastics exposure and this inhibition was aggravated by acidification conditions. Only PES and AMS tended to recover during the recovery period. Lysozyme (LZM) increased significantly under microplastic exposure conditions, but acidification did not exacerbate this effect. Therefore, combined stress of microplastics and ocean acidification slightly impacts oxidative responses but significantly inhibits digestive enzymes in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghuo Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wei
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yueyong Shang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Huaxin Gu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fangzhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Lan
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Peng M, Li Z, Liu X, Niu D, Lan T, Ye B, Dong Z, Li J. Tolerance, Growth, and Physiological Responses of the Juvenile Razor Clam ( Sinonovacula constricta) to Environmental Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ Concentrations. Front Physiol 2019; 10:911. [PMID: 31379611 PMCID: PMC6656966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate transplanting razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) populations to inland saline-alkaline waters (ISWs), we evaluated the tolerance of juvenile S. constricta (JSC) to Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, and determined the effects of these ions on JSC growth and physiological parameters. After 30 days stress, the tolerable ranges of JSC to Ca2+ and Mg2+ were determined to be 0.19 mmol⋅L-1-19.46 mmol⋅L-1 and 0 mmol⋅L-1-29.54 mmol⋅L-1, respectively. The concentrations of Ca2+ (less than 0.65 mmol⋅L-1 or more than 3.24 mmol⋅L-1) and Mg2+ (less than 0.37 mmol⋅L-1 or more than 14.17 mmol⋅L-1) significantly inhibit JSC growth. Physiological enzyme activity no significant response when the concentrations range of Ca2+ and Mg2+ are 0.93 mmol⋅L-1-6.49 mmol⋅L-1 and 0.37 mmol⋅L-1-14.77 mmol⋅L-1, respectively. For transplantation practice, these data indicate that only high concentrations of Ca2+ (3.24-6.825 mmol⋅L-1) and Mg2+ (14.77-33.69 mmol⋅L-1) in target inland saline-alkaline water had significantly impact on growth and physiological response. In addition, present study suggests that the increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+ ion concentrations caused by ocean acidification will not affect the survival, growth and physiology of S. constricta. Current research suggests that S. constricta can adapt to extreme changes in the marine environment (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and may be an excellent candidate for inland saline-alkaline water transplantation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, China
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5
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Guo M, Wang H, Shao Y, Xing R, Zhao X, Zhang W, Li C. Gene identification and antimicrobial activity analysis of a novel lysozyme from razor clam Sinonovacula constricta. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:198-206. [PMID: 30946959 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes are important immune effectors present in phylogenetically diverse organisms. They play vital roles in bacterial elimination during early immune responses. In the present study, a second invertebrate-type (i-type) lysozyme gene from razor clam Sinonovacula constricta (denoted as ScLYZ-2) was cloned by RACE and nested PCR methods. The full-length cDNA sequences of ScLYZ-2 were 1558 bp, including a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 375 bp, an open reading frame of 426 bp, and a 3'-UTR of 757 bp with polyadenylation signal sequence (AATAAA) located upstream of the poly(A) tail. SMART analysis showed that ScLYZ-2 contains a signal peptide in the first 16 amino acid (AA) sequences and a destabilase domain located from 24 to 134 AA sequences. The deduced AA sequences of ScLYZ-2 were highly similar (42%-58%) to other known lysozyme genes of bivalve species. Multiple alignments of AA sequences showed that ScLYZ-2 possesses the classical i-type lysozyme family signature of two motifs ["MDVGSLSCGP(Y/F)QIK" and "CL(E/L/R/H)C(I/M)C"] and two catalytic residues (Glu35 and Asp46). Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed that ScLYZ-2 is a new member of the i-type lysozyme family. In healthy razor clams, ScLYZ-2 was highly expressed in the hepatopancreas, followed by the gills, water pipes, and abdominal foot. Lysozyme activity and ScLYZ-2 expression levels were significantly upregulated in the hepatopancreas and gills after being infected with V. splendidus, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus and M. luteus. Moreover, the recombinant ScLYZ-2 had strong antimicrobial activities against V. splendidus, V. harveyi, and V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, the minimal inhibitory concentration of the recombinant ScLYZ-2 against V. parahaemolyticus was 7.2 μmol/mL. Taken together, our results show that ScLYZ-2 plays an important role in the immune defense of razor clam by eliminating pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Ronglian Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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6
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Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Kumaresan V, Pasupuleti M, Arockiaraj J. Innate and adaptive immune molecules of striped murrel Channa striatus. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2018; 10:296-319. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChanna striatus, also called snakehead murrel, is an important freshwater teleost fish which has been widely cultured for its tasty flesh along with nutritional and medicinal values. The growth of both cultured and wild murrels is affected by various physical, chemical and biological factors. As a teleost fish, C. striatus is an intermediate organism between invertebrates and vertebrates. They have a well‐developed innate immune system than invertebrates and a primitive adaptive immune system compared to that of higher vertebrates, thus an interesting unique immune structure to explore. Studies have identified that a few external stimulants do instigate the immune system to fight against the pathogens at the time of infection in C. striatus. This review discusses the physicochemical and biological stress factors, immune system and immune molecules of C. striatus which are potentially involved in combating the stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Palanisamy
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| | - Prasanth Bhatt
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206 Microbiology Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
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7
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Rudtanatip T, Lynch SA, Wongprasert K, Culloty SC. Assessment of the effects of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from the red seaweed Irish moss Chondrus crispus on the immune-stimulant activity in mussels Mytilus spp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:284-290. [PMID: 29438847 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds contain a number of health enhancing and antimicrobial bioactive compounds including sulfated polysaccharides (SP). In the present study, SP extracted from a European red seaweed Irish moss Chondrus crispus was chemically analyzed, SP content extracted and the immune-response effect on wild Irish mussels Mytilus spp. investigated for the first time. A high percent yield of SP was extracted from C. crispus and the immune-stimulant activity of SP was assessed in a laboratory trial with mussels exposed to three different treatments of low (10 μg mL-1), medium (20 μg mL-1) and high (50 μg mL-1) SP dose concentrations and a control mussel group with no exposure to SP. An initial mussel sample was processed prior to the trial commencing and mussels were subsequently sampled on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 post SP exposure. Both cell, humoral and immune related gene responses including haemocyte cell viability, haemocyte counts, lysozyme activity and expression of immune related genes (defensin, mytimycin and lysozyme mRNA) were assessed. No mussel mortalities were observed in either the treated or non-treated groups. Mussels exposed with SP showed an increase in haemocyte cell viability and the total number of haemocytes compared to control mussels. Lysozyme activity was also higher in treated mussels. Additionally, up-regulated expression of defensin, mytimycin and lysozyme mRNA was observed in SP treated mussels shortly after exposure (on Days 1, 2, and 3) to SP. These results indicate that a high quality yield of SP can be readily extracted from C. crispus and more importantly based on the animal model used in this study, SP extracted from C. crispus can rapidly induce health enhancing activities in Mytilus spp. at a cellular, humoral and molecular level and with a prolonged effect up to ten days post treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawut Rudtanatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6th Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sharon A Lynch
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, The Cooperage, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Kanokpan Wongprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6th Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sarah C Culloty
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, The Cooperage, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
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8
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Yue PYK, Leung HM, Li AJ, Chan TNC, Lum TS, Chung YL, Sung YH, Wong MH, Leung KSY, Zeng EY. Angiosuppressive properties of marine-derived compounds-a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8990-9001. [PMID: 26520098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, formation of new blood vessels from preexisting one, is a critical step of tumorgenesis of solid tumors. Therefore, antiangiogenic therapy is one of the promising approaches to control tumor growth. In the past 20 years, a lot of compounds have been tested for their antiangiogenic properties. Bevacizumab, Avastin®, the first antiangiogenic drug approved by the US FDA, has been widely used in clinic for treating cancer. Indeed, many synthetic compounds are highly toxic and exert side effects even though they are effective in inhibiting neovessel formation and cancer cell growth. Using natural compounds or their derivatives is one of the ways to solve these problems. Sinomenine and ginsenosides are common antiangiogenic and anticancer compounds that are extracted from herbal medicines. Recent findings suggested that marine algae-derived natural pigments also possess similar activities. It has been reported that fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida, Siphonaxanthin from Codium fragile, can inhibit angiogenesis and cancer growth effectively. In conclusion, natural compounds derived from marine algae could provide a novel and safe source for new drug development in anticancer and antiangiogenic properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y K Yue
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - H M Leung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Adela J Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tracy N C Chan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - T S Lum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Y L Chung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Y H Sung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - M H Wong
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin S Y Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Di Falco F, Cammarata M, Vizzini A. Molecular characterisation, evolution and expression analysis of g-type lysozymes in Ciona intestinalis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:457-463. [PMID: 27663680 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme is an important defense molecule of the innate immune system. Known for its bactericidal properties, lysozyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of b-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds between the N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid in the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. In this study, the complete coding sequence of four g-type lysozymes were identified in Ciona intestinalis. Phylogenetic analysis and modelling supported the hypothesis of a close relationship with the vertebrate g-type lysozymes suggesting that the C. intestinalis g-type lysozyme genes (CiLys-g1, Cilys-g2, CiLys-g3, CiLys-g4) share a common ancestor in the chordate lineage. Protein motif searches indicated that C. intestinalis g-type lysozymes contain a GEWL domain with a GXXQ signature, typical of goose lysozymes. Quantitative Real-Time PCR analysis results showed that transcripts are expressed in various tissues from C. intestinalis. In order to determine the involvement of C. intestinalis g-type lysozymes in immunity, their expression was analyzed in the pharynx, showing that transcripts were significantly up-regulated in response to a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These data support the view that CiLys g-type are molecules with potential for immune defense system against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Di Falco
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Chemical, Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Chemical, Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Chemical, Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
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10
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Beaudry A, Fortier M, Masson S, Auffret M, Brousseau P, Fournier M. Effect of Temperature on Immunocompetence of the Blue Mussel ( Mytilus Edulis). J Xenobiot 2016; 6:5889. [PMID: 30701049 PMCID: PMC6324475 DOI: 10.4081/xeno.2016.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue mussel is a filter-feeding bivalve commonly used in ecotoxicological monitoring as a sentinel species. Due to climate change and the increase of temperature expected in marine environment, it is important to anticipate potential impacts on this species. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunocompetence of blue mussels acclimated to different temperatures and on the effects of increasing temperatures (5, 10 and 20°C). Different indices and gonad maturation stages were also determined throughout the experiments. Cell viability, phagocytosis, serum lysozyme activity and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity were evaluated as immune parameters. The cellular immunity was also evaluated after hemocytes exposure to various cadmium concentrations in vitro. The results obtained demonstrate modulation of hemocyte viability and the ability of these cells to phagocytize in absence of contaminants. After the exposure to cadmium, hemocytes showed greater viability at 5°C while maintaining a higher phagocytic competence. In addition, the lysozyme activity stayed stable at all tested temperatures, contrary to that of COX, which increased when the mussels were maintained at 20°C. The evaluation of indices demonstrated no reduction of general conditions during all the experiment despite the increase of temperature and the reduction of the digestive gland weight. Moreover, the lack of food does not affect gonad maturation and the spawning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Beaudry
- INRS-Institut-Armand-Frappier Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada.,Aquarium du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marlène Fortier
- INRS-Institut-Armand-Frappier Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Pauline Brousseau
- INRS-Institut-Armand-Frappier Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada.,ISMER-Université du Québec à Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Fournier
- INRS-Institut-Armand-Frappier Research Center, Laval, QC, Canada.,ISMER-Université du Québec à Rimouski, QC, Canada
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11
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Beckert A, Wiesner J, Schmidtberg H, Lehmann R, Baumann A, Vogel H, Vilcinskas A. Expression and characterization of a recombinant i-type lysozyme from the harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:202-15. [PMID: 26778648 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes are enzymes that destroy bacterial cell walls by hydrolysing the polysaccharide component of peptidoglycan. In insects, there are two classes of lysozymes, the c-type with muramidase activity and the i-type whose prototypical members from annelids and molluscs possess both muramidase and isopeptidase activities. Many insect genes encoding c-type and i-type lysozymes have been identified during genome and transcriptome analyses, but only c-type lysozymes have been functionally characterized at the protein level. Here we produced one of five i-type lysozymes represented in the immunity-related transcriptome of the invasive harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis as recombinant protein. This was the only one containing the serine and histidine residues that are thought to be required for isopeptidase activity. This i-type lysozyme was recombinantly expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, but the purified protein was inactive in both muramidase and isopeptidase assays. Transcription and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that this i-type lysozyme is produced in the fat body but is not inducible by immune challenge. These data suggest that i-type lysozymes in insects may have acquired novel and as yet undetermined functions in the course of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beckert
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - J Wiesner
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany
| | - H Schmidtberg
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany
| | - R Lehmann
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany
| | - A Baumann
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - H Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - A Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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12
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Baoping P, Xing W, Jing G, Kaiya L, Duanyan G. The activity parameters, cDNA cloning and mRNA expression of lysozyme inCyclina sinensis(Bivalvia, Veneridae) responding to the pathogenic bacteriumVibrio anguillarum. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2015.1082221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Dai W, Wu D, Zhang M, Wen C, Xie Y, Hu B, Jian S, Zeng M, Tao Z. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel i-type lysozyme in the freshwater musselCristaria plicata. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:744-55. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Dai
- School of Life Sciences; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Life Sciences; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Jiangxi Biotech Vocational; Nanchang 330200 China
| | - Chungen Wen
- School of Life Sciences; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031
| | - Yanhai Xie
- School of Life Sciences; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031
| | - Baoqing Hu
- School of Life Sciences; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031
| | - Shaoqing Jian
- School of Life Sciences; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031
| | - Mingyu Zeng
- School of Life Sciences; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031
| | - Zhiying Tao
- School of Life Sciences; Nanchang University; Nanchang 330031
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14
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Kumaresan V, Bhatt P, Ganesh MR, Harikrishnan R, Arasu M, Al-Dhabi NA, Pasupuleti M, Marimuthu K, Arockiaraj J. A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from fish goose type lysozyme disrupts the membrane of Salmonella enterica. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:421-33. [PMID: 26477736 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In aquaculture, accumulation of antibiotics resulted in development of resistance among bacterial pathogens. Consequently, it became mandatory to find alternative to synthetic antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are described as evolutionary ancient weapons have been considered as promising alternates in recent years. In this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide had been derived from goose type lysozyme (LyzG) which was identified from the cDNA library of freshwater fish Channa striatus (Cs). The identified lysozyme cDNA contains 585 nucleotides which encodes a protein of 194 amino acids. CsLyzG was closely related to Siniperca chuatsi with 92.8% homology. The depicted protein sequence contained a GEWL domain with conserved GLMQ motif, 7 active residues and 2 catalytic residues. Gene expression analysis revealed that CsLyzG was distributed in major immune organs with highest expression in head kidney. Results of temporal expression analysis after bacterial (Aeromonas hydrophila) and fungal (Aphanomyces invadans) challenges indicated a stimulant-dependent expression pattern of CsLyzG. Two antimicrobial peptides IK12 and TS10 were identified from CsLyzG and synthesized. Antibiogram showed that IK12 was active against Salmonella enterica, a major multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogen which produces beta lactamase. The IK12 induced loss of cell viability in the bacterial pathogen. Flow cytometry assay revealed that IK12 disrupt the membrane of S. enterica which is confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis that reveals blebs around the bacterial cell membrane. Conclusively, CsLyzG is a potential innate immune component and the identified antimicrobial peptide has great caliber to be used as an ecofriendly antibacterial substance in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanth Bhatt
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Munuswamy-Ramanujam Ganesh
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - MariadhasValan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kasi Marimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Semeling Bedong, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Xu N, Pan J, Liu S, Xue Q, Zhang S. Three in one: Identification, expression and enzymatic activity of lysozymes in amphioxus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:508-517. [PMID: 24968076 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The lysozymes identified so far in animals belong to the g-type, c-type, and i-type. Vertebrate animals possess only the former two types, i.e., g- and c-types, while all the three types have been reported in invertebrates. Here we demonstrate that (1) three cDNAs that encode g-, c-, and i-type lysozymes, respectively, were identified in a single species of the amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum; (2) all the 3-type genes displayed distinct tissue-specific expression pattern; (3) recombinant g-, c-, and i-type lysozymes all exhibited enzymatic activities; and (4) native g-, c-, and i-type lysozymes were identified in the different tissues of amphioxus. Collectively, these results suggest the presence of all the 3-type lysozymes in a single animal species, first such data ever reported. The presence of biologically active i-type lysozyme in amphioxus also suggests that i-type lysozyme gene is retained at least in Protochordata, contrasting to the previous proposal that i-type lysozyme gene has been lost in a common ancestor of all chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Junli Pan
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qinggang Xue
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA.
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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16
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The Complete Amino Acid Sequence and Enzymatic Properties of an i-Type Lysozyme Isolated from the Common Orient Clam (Meretrix lusoria). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:2269-77. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Yue X, Huan P, Xiao G, Liu B. Expression patterns of an i-type lysozyme in the clam Meretrix meretrix along with larval development. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:27-32. [PMID: 23583308 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An i-type lysozyme (MmeLys) has been proved to function in immunity of the clam Meretrix meretrix in our previous studies. In this study, the expression patterns of MmeLys mRNA and protein at four chief developmental stages of M. meretrix were analyzed, which was able to provide information about how ontogeny of immunity and, in particular, antibacterial ability occured in the bivalve. The results of real-time PCR and western blot showed that MmeLys expressions were activated in D-veligers and dramatically increased to the highest level in pediveligers. It is proposed that the expression changes at these two stages might be due to the visceral organs changes, which were related to the archenteron formation in D-veligers and the organ-restructuring in pediveligers during metamorphosis. In addition, new methods of whole mount in situ hybridization and whole mount immunofluorescence were applied to identify the MmeLys expression tissues, and these tissues (i.e. hepatopancreas, gill, mantle, mouth, velum and foot) may be involved in the immune function during development of clams. Our study is valuable to a certain extent for exploring the origin of immune functions in clams and provides new methodology for future studies on the immune ontogeny of bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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18
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Umasuthan N, Bathige SDNK, Kasthuri SR, Wan Q, Whang I, Lee J. Two duplicated chicken-type lysozyme genes in disc abalone Haliotis discus discus: molecular aspects in relevance to structure, genomic organization, mRNA expression and bacteriolytic function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:284-299. [PMID: 23664908 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes are crucial antibacterial proteins that are associated with catalytic cleavage of peptidoglycan and subsequent bacteriolysis. The present study describes the identification of two lysozyme genes from disc abalone Haliotis discus discus and their characterization at sequence-, genomic-, transcriptional- and functional-levels. Two cDNAs and BAC clones bearing lysozyme genes were isolated from abalone transcriptome and BAC genomic libraries, respectively and sequences were determined. Corresponding deduced amino acid sequences harbored a chicken-type lysozyme (LysC) family profile and exhibited conserved characteristics of LysC family members including active residues (Glu and Asp) and GS(S/T)DYGIFQINS motif suggested that they are LysC counterparts in disc abalone and designated as abLysC1 and abLysC2. While abLysC1 represented the homolog recently reported in Ezo abalone [1], abLysC2 shared significant identity with LysC homologs. Unlike other vertebrate LysCs, coding sequence of abLysCs were distributed within five exons interrupted by four introns. Both abLysCs revealed a broader mRNA distribution with highest levels in mantle (abLysC1) and hepatopancreas (abLysC2) suggesting their likely main role in defense and digestion, respectively. Investigation of temporal transcriptional profiles post-LPS and -pathogen challenges revealed induced-responses of abLysCs in gills and hemocytes. The in vitro muramidase activity of purified recombinant (r) abLysCs proteins was evaluated, and findings indicated that they are active in acidic pH range (3.5-6.5) and over a broad temperature range (20-60 °C) and influenced by ionic strength. When the antibacterial spectra of (r)abLysCs were examined, they displayed differential activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative strains providing evidence for their involvement in bacteriolytic function in abalone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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19
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Wu D, Hu B, Wen C, Lin G, Tao Z, Hu X, Xie Y. Gene identification and recombinant protein of a lysozyme from freshwater mussel Cristaria plicata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1033-1041. [PMID: 23333359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes are important proteins to bivalve in the innate immune responses against bacterial infections, and provide nutrition as digestion enzymes. A new LYZ1 from the freshwater mussel Cristaria plicata was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and nested PCR method. The full-length cDNA sequence of CpLYZ1 was 763 bp. The cDNA contained a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 21 bp, a 3'- terminal UTR of 259 bp with a 29 bp poly(A) tail, a tailing signal (AATAAA) and the open reading frame of 483 bp. The CpLYZ1 cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 160 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 17.8 kDa, and a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.07. The comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences with LYZs from other species showed that the enzyme belonged to i-type lysozyme. The mRNA transcript of CpLYZ1 could be detected in all the examined tissues with the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. The expression levels of CpLYZ1 in hemocytes, hepatopancreas and gill significantly increased after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. The expression level of CpLYZ1 in hemocytes sharply decreased from 6 h to 24 h and significantly increased at 48 h, and was the highest level in hepatopancreas at 24 h, and was the maximum level in gill at 48 h. Furthermore, the recombinant CpLYZ1 was induced to be expressed as an inclusion body form by IPTG at 37 °C for 4 h, and then was purified by using the Ni(2+) affinity chromatography. The relative enzyme activity of the recombinant CpLYZ1 was influenced on pH and temperature. The optimal pH and temperature was 5.5 and 50 °C, respectively. Against Escherichia coli, A. hydrophila, Staphyloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis, the recombinant CpLYZ1 had bacteriolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Bio-science, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
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20
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Myrnes B, Seppola M, Johansen A, Overbø K, Callewaert L, Vanderkelen L, Michiels CW, Nilsen IW. Enzyme characterisation and gene expression profiling of Atlantic salmon chicken- and goose-type lysozymes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 40:11-19. [PMID: 23396098 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes represent important innate immune components against bacteria. In this study, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) goose (g-) and chicken (c-) types of lysozyme were subjected to protein characterisations and tissue expression analyses. Specific bacterial protein inhibitors of g- and c-type lysozymes were employed to discriminate between respective enzyme activities. Blood, gills and liver contained activities exclusive for the g-type lysozyme. Only haematopoietic organs (head kidney and spleen) contained enzyme activities of both g- and c-lysozyme enzymes and c-type activity was not found outside these organs. Gene transcript levels proportional to enzyme activity levels were detected for the g-type lysozyme but not for the c-type. In vitro studies revealed significant induction of c-type gene expression and enzyme activity in macrophages after incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while expression of the g-type lysozyme gene was unaffected. The activity of purified native c-type enzyme was profoundly reduced by divalent cations and displayed low tolerance to monovalent cations, while the native g-type lysozyme was stimulated by monovalent cations and tolerated low concentrations of divalent cations. Activities of both enzymes increased with temperature elevations up to 60°C. The native g-type lysozyme responses to temperature in particular are in apparent conflict to the ones for the recombinant salmon g-lysozyme. Our results imply separate expression regulations and different functions of c- and g-type lysozymes in salmon. LPS-induced expression of c-type lysozyme and broad constitutive tissue distribution of g-type lysozyme in salmon is different from findings in other studied fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørnar Myrnes
- Marine Biotechnology, Nofima, Muninbakken 9-13, 9291 Tromsø, Norway
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21
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Kim M, Park M, Jeong Y. Purification and characterization of lysozyme from filipino venus, Ruditapes philippinarum. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Ren Q, Qi YL, Hui KM, Zhang Z, Zhang CY, Wang W. Four invertebrate-type lysozyme genes from triangle-shell pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:909-915. [PMID: 22884462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes in animals have three types, namely chicken-type, goose-type, and invertebrate-type (i-type) lysozymes and all these 3 types have been found in bivalve mollusks. The i-type lysozymes in mollusks are involved in digestion and innate immunity. In this study, four different lysozyme genes that belong to i-type were identified from Hyriopsis cumingii. The HcLyso1 to HcLyso4 genes encode proteins with 144, 144, 161, and 228 amino acids, respectively, and contain a destabilase domain. HcLyso4 also contains SH3b domain in addition to its destabilase domain. Multiple alignments showed that two catalytic residues of Glu and Asp which were necessary for enzyme activity were present in i-type lysozymes. Phylogenetic analysis using CDS sequences of i-type lysozymes showed that these lysozymes can be divided into mollusk and crustacean clades, and that HcLyso1 to HcLyso4 all belong to the mollusk clades. Although there was no positive selection predicted in i-type lysozymes, some branches suffered rapid evolution. HcLyso1 is mainly expressed in hepatopancreas and can be detected in hemocytes. HcLyso2 is primarily expressed in hepatopancreas and can be detected in hemocytes Whereas, HcLyso3 can be detected mainly in hemocytes, hepatopancreas, gills, and mantle. HcLyso4 is expressed in hemocytes and hepatopancreas. qRT-PCR analysis showed that HcLyso1 to HcLyso4 were all nearly down-regulated by Vibrio or Staphylococcus aureus challenge. Moreover, our research indicated that HcLyso1 to HcLyso4 might play a key role in the innate immunity of mussel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
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23
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Yue X, Wang H, Huang X, Wang C, Chai X, Wang C, Liu B. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in i-type lysozyme gene and their correlation with vibrio-resistance and growth of clam Meretrix meretrix based on the selected resistance stocks. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:559-568. [PMID: 22728564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
I-type lysozyme is considered to play crucial roles in both anti-bacteria and digestion function of the bivalve, which signifies that it is related to both immunity and growth. In this study, based on the principle of case-control association analysis, using the stock materials with different vibrio-resistance profile obtained by selective breeding, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DNA partial sequence of an i-type lysozyme of Meretrix meretrix (MmeLys) were discovered and examined for their association with vibrio-resistance and growth. Twenty-seven SNPs were detected and fifteen of them were genotyped in clam stocks with different resistance to Vibrio harveyi (09-C and 09-R) and to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (11-S and 11-R). Allele frequency distribution among different stocks was compared. And wet weight of clams with different genotype at each SNP locus was compared. The results indicated that SNP locus 9 was associated with V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus resistance and growth of M. meretrix. Loci 12 and 14 were associated with both V. parahaemolyticus-resistance and growth, and also have the potential to be related with V. harveyi-resistance of M. meretrix. Therefore these three SNPs especially locus 9 were the potential markers which may be involved in assisting resistance selective breeding. In addition, this study showed evidence that improvements in clam resistance to vibriosis could be achieved through selective breeding. All results provided encouragement for the continuation of the selective breeding program for vibrio-resistance gain in clam M. meretrix and the application of polymorphisms in MmeLys to the future marker assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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24
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He C, Yu H, Liu W, Su H, Shan Z, Bao X, Li Y, Fu L, Gao X. A goose-type lysozyme gene in Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis): cDNA cloning, mRNA expression and promoter sequence analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 162:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Van Herreweghe JM, Michiels CW. Invertebrate lysozymes: Diversity and distribution, molecular mechanism and in vivo function. J Biosci 2012; 37:327-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Vogel H, Altincicek B, Glöckner G, Vilcinskas A. A comprehensive transcriptome and immune-gene repertoire of the lepidopteran model host Galleria mellonella. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:308. [PMID: 21663692 PMCID: PMC3224240 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella are increasingly used (i) as mini-hosts to study pathogenesis and virulence factors of prominent bacterial and fungal human pathogens, (ii) as a whole-animal high throughput infection system for testing pathogen mutant libraries, and (iii) as a reliable host model to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics against human pathogens. In order to compensate for the lack of genomic information in Galleria, we subjected the transcriptome of different developmental stages and immune-challenged larvae to next generation sequencing. Results We performed a Galleria transcriptome characterization on the Roche 454-FLX platform combined with traditional Sanger sequencing to obtain a comprehensive transcriptome. To maximize sequence diversity, we pooled RNA extracted from different developmental stages, larval tissues including hemocytes, and from immune-challenged larvae and normalized the cDNA pool. We generated a total of 789,105 pyrosequencing and 12,032 high-quality Sanger EST sequences which clustered into 18,690 contigs with an average length of 1,132 bases. Approximately 40% of the ESTs were significantly similar (E ≤ e-03) to proteins of other insects, of which 45% have a reported function. We identified a large number of genes encoding proteins with established functions in immunity related sensing of microbial signatures and signaling, as well as effector molecules such as antimicrobial peptides and inhibitors of microbial proteinases. In addition, we found genes known as mediators of melanization or contributing to stress responses. Using the transcriptomic data, we identified hemolymph peptides and proteins induced upon immune challenge by 2D-gelelectrophoresis combined with mass spectrometric analysis. Conclusion Here, we have developed extensive transcriptomic resources for Galleria. The data obtained is rich in gene transcripts related to immunity, expanding remarkably our knowledge about immune and stress-inducible genes in Galleria and providing the complete sequences of genes whose primary structure have only partially been characterized using proteomic methods. The generated data provide for the first time access to the genetic architecture of immunity in this model host, allowing us to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogen and parasite response and detailed analyses of both its immune responses against human pathogens, and its coevolution with entomopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Vogel
- Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Wang T, Xu Y, Liu W, Sun Y, Jin L. Expression of Apostichopus japonicus lysozyme in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 77:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yue X, Liu B, Xue Q. An i-type lysozyme from the Asiatic hard clam Meretrix meretrix potentially functioning in host immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:550-8. [PMID: 21134465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes function in animal immunity. Three types of lysozyme have been identified in animal kingdom and most lysozymes identified from bivalve molluscs belong to the invertebrate (i) type. In this research, we cloned and sequenced a new i-type lysozyme, named MmeLys, from the Asiatic hard clam Meretrix meretrix. MmeLys cDNA was constituted of 552 bp, with a 441 bp open reading frame encoding a 146 amino acid polypeptide. The encoded polypeptide was predicted to have a 15 amino acid signal peptide, and a 131 amino acid mature protein with a theoretical mass of 14601.44 Da and an isoelectric point (pI) of 7.14. MmeLys amino acid sequence bore 64% identity with the Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum) i-type lysozyme and was grouped with other veneroid i-type lysozymes in a bivalve lysozyme phylogenetic tree predicted using Neighbor-Jointing method. Recombinantly expressed MmeLys showed lysozyme activity and strong antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. MmeLys mRNA and protein were detected to be mainly produced in hepatopancreas and gill by the methods of semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. In addition, MmeLys gene expression increased following Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. Results of this research indicated that MmeLys represents a new i-type lysozyme that likely functions in M. meretrix immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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Wang S, Shao B, Chang J, Rao P. Isolation and identification of a plant lysozyme from Momordica charantia L. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xue Q, Hellberg ME, Schey KL, Itoh N, Eytan RI, Cooper RK, La Peyre JF. A new lysozyme from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and a possible evolutionary pathway for i-type lysozymes in bivalves from host defense to digestion. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:213. [PMID: 20633278 PMCID: PMC3020801 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysozymes are enzymes that lyse bacterial cell walls, an activity widely used for host defense but also modified in some instances for digestion. The biochemical and evolutionary changes between these different functional forms has been well-studied in the c-type lysozymes of vertebrates, but less so in the i-type lysozymes prevalent in most invertebrate animals. Some bivalve molluscs possess both defensive and digestive lysozymes. RESULTS We report a third lysozyme from the oyster Crassostrea virginica, cv-lysozyme 3. The chemical properties of cv-lysozyme 3 (including molecular weight, isoelectric point, basic amino acid residue number, and predicted protease cutting sites) suggest it represents a transitional form between lysozymes used for digestion and immunity. The cv-lysozyme 3 protein inhibited the growth of bacteria (consistent with a defensive function), but semi-quantitative RT-PCR suggested the gene was expressed mainly in digestive glands. Purified cv-lysozyme 3 expressed maximum muramidase activity within a range of pH (7.0 and 8.0) and ionic strength (I = 0.005-0.01) unfavorable for either cv-lysozyme 1 or cv-lysozyme 2 activities. The topology of a phylogenetic analysis of cv-lysozyme 3 cDNA (full length 663 bp, encoding an open reading frame of 187 amino acids) is also consistent with a transitional condition, as cv-lysozyme 3 falls at the base of a monophyletic clade of bivalve lysozymes identified from digestive glands. Rates of nonsynonymous substitution are significantly high at the base of this clade, consistent with an episode of positive selection associated with the functional transition from defense to digestion. CONCLUSION The pattern of molecular evolution accompanying the shift from defensive to digestive function in the i-type lysozymes of bivalves parallels those seen for c-type lysozymes in mammals and suggests that the lysozyme paralogs that enhance the range of physiological conditions for lysozyme activity may provide stepping stones between defensive and digestive forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Xue
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
| | - Michael E Hellberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Naoki Itoh
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ron I Eytan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Richard K Cooper
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
| | - Jerome F La Peyre
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
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Wu D, Chang H, Wang Y, Xin M. Isolation, structure determination and antibacterial activities of succinamide conjugate diacid from Acinetobacter sp. BJ-L. Microbiol Res 2010; 166:155-60. [PMID: 20630726 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Strain BJ-L was isolated from the a water sample taken from Xiao Yue River in Beijing and identified as Acinetobacter sp. BJ-L based on the study of its morphology, physiology, biochemistry and 16S rRNA gene sequence. A new antimicrobial substance was produced after the strain was incubated in potato extract medium at 15°C for 72 h. The antimicrobial substance was sequentially purified by reduced pressure condensation, EtOAc extract, and silica gel column chromatography. The structure of the antimicrobial substance was elucidated as succinamide conjugate diacid (SCD) by spectroscopic data interpretation. Structure analysis indicated that SCD is a novel compound and that it could inhibit the growth of some tested bacterial strains with the MIC of 2mg/ml, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli. Moreover, no obvious toxicity has been found on cultured HUVEC cells with different concentrations of SCD at 5, 10, 15, and 20mg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, China
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Itoh N, Okada Y, Takahashi KG, Osada M. Presence and characterization of multiple mantle lysozymes in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 29:126-135. [PMID: 20211734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mantle tissue extracts from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, exhibited anti-Gram-positive bacterial and lysozyme activities over a wide pH range, suggesting that multiple defensive mantle lysozymes were present. Degenerated reverse-transcription PCR detected the expression of two mantle lysozymes, CGL-1 and a novel lysozyme CGL-3, confirming the presence of multiple lysozymes in the mantle. Since CGL-3 is a cognate protein of the digestive lysozyme CGL-2, it is assumed that CGL-3 has evolved specifically a defensive function. Functional assays using recombinant CGL-1 and CGL-3 suggested that CGL-1 and CGL-3 play a major defensive role in the mantle tissue, and that they are responsible for lysozyme activity under different pH, ionic strength and temperature conditions. Based on these observations, we conclude that multiple mantle lysozymes in the Pacific oyster are better for host-defense under broader conditions than a single lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Itoh
- Laboratory of Aquacultural Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan.
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Feng B, Dong L, Niu D, Meng S, Zhang B, Liu D, Hu S, Li J. Identification of immune genes of the Agamaki clam (Sinonovacula constricta) by sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of ESTs. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 12:282-291. [PMID: 19590922 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-009-9216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Agamaki clam (Sinonovacula constricta) is an economically important shellfish in Asia. However, genomic research on this species is still in its infancy, and genomic resources are largely unavailable. The objective of this study was to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a normalized liver complementary DNA library and to identify genes that function in immune defense. A total of 5,296 ESTs were sequenced, from which 540 contigs and 3,473 singletons were identified. BLAST homology analysis indicated that only 20.7% of these ESTs were homologues of known genes while the remaining 79.3% appeared to be novel sequences. Based on sequence similarities, 43 putative immune genes were identified that encode proteases and protease inhibitors, adhesive proteins, stress proteins, lysosomal enzymes, and signal transduction regulators. Our study thus provides both a large collection of novel transcripts and a detailed annotation of immune genes for an important bivalve species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Kyomuhendo P, Myrnes B, Brandsdal BO, Smalås AO, Nilsen IW, Helland R. Thermodynamics and structure of a salmon cold active goose-type lysozyme. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 156:254-63. [PMID: 20398783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon goose-type lysozyme (SalG) was previously shown to display features of cold-adaptation as well as renaturation following heat treatment. In this study differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out to investigate unfolding and potential refolding, while X-ray crystallography was used to study structural factors contributing to the temperature-related characteristics. The recombinant SalG has a melting temperature (T(m)) of 36.8 degrees C under thermal denaturation conditions and regains activity after returning to permissive (low) temperature. Furthermore, refolding is dramatically reduced in solutions with high SalG concentrations, coupled with significant protein precipitation. The structural features of SalG closely resemble those of other g-type lysozymes. However, the N-terminal region of SalG is less anchored to the rest of the molecule due to the absence of disulphide bonds, thus, contributing significantly to the low T(m) of SalG. The absence of disulphide bonds and the distribution of salt bridges may at the same time ease refolding leading to renaturation.
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36
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Zhao J, Qiu L, Ning X, Chen A, Wu H, Li C. Cloning and characterization of an invertebrate type lysozyme from Venerupis philippinarum. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 156:56-60. [PMID: 20144728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysozymes are key proteins to invertebrates in the innate immune responses against bacterial infections and providing nutrition as digestion enzymes. In the present study, an invertebrate type lysozyme (denoted as VpLYZ) was identified from Venerupis philippinarum haemocytes by cDNA library and RACE approaches. The full-length cDNA of VpLYZ consisted of 805 nucleotides with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a polyA tail, and an open-reading frame of 558bp encoding a polypeptide of 185 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 20.87kD and theoretical pI of 8.44. The high similarity of VpLYZ with other i-type lysozymes from mollusk indicated that VpLYZ should be a new member of i-type lysozyme family. Similar to most i-type lysozymes, VpLYZ possessed all conserved features critical for the fundamental structure and function of i-type lysozymes, such as three catalytic residues (Glu19, Asn72 and Ser75) and i-type specific motif CL(E/L/R/H)C(I/M)C. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, mRNA transcript of VpLYZ was found to be most abundantly expressed in the tissues of gills, hepatopancreas and haemocytes, weakly expressed in the tissues of muscle, foot and mantle. After clams were challenged by Vibrio anguillarum, the mRNA level of VpLYZ in overall haemocyte population was recorded by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. VpLYZ mRNA was down-regulated sharply from 6h to 12h post-infection. Then, the expression level increased to the peak at 72h and recovered to the original level at 96h. All these results indicated that VpLYZ was involved in the immune response against microbe infection and contributed to the clearance of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhao
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
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Song L, Wang L, Qiu L, Zhang H. Bivalve Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 708:44-65. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li L, Zhao J, Wang L, Qiu L, Zhang H, Dong C, Cong M, Song L. The polymorphism of lysozyme gene in Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) and its association with susceptibility/resistance to Listonella anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 27:136-142. [PMID: 19154789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme functions as a crucial biodefence effector against the infection of bacterial pathogens in innate immunity. The nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in promoter region of a nuclear goose type lysozyme gene from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri (designated as CFLysG) were investigated to explore their association with susceptibility/resistance to Listonella anguillarum infection. Eight sites of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two sites of insert-deletion (ins-del) polymorphisms were identified in the promoter region of CFLysG. Two of them, -753 TATCTCGATCAGG ins-del polymorphism and -391 A-G SNP were selected to analyze their distribution in the susceptible and resistant stocks, which were identified according to the survival time after L. anguillarum challenge. Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), two genotypes were found at each site, which were ins/del and ins/ins at locus -753, and A/A and A/G at locus -391, respectively. The -753 ins/del genotype was more prevalent in the resistant stock than that in the susceptible stock, 30% vs 16.67% in frequency, but there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution between these two stocks (P=0.15). In contrast, the frequency of -391A/G genotype in the resistant stock was significantly higher (30%) than that in the susceptible stock (7.14%) (P=0.007), indicating a significant association with the resistance of Zhikong scallop to L. anguillarum. To confirm the presumption, another independent challenge experiment was performed, in which the cumulative mortality of scallops with -391 A/A genotype (96.8%) was significantly higher than those with -391 A/G genotype (64.5%) (P=0.001), which further validate the association between -391 A/G genotype and the resistance of Zhikong scallop to L. anguillarum. These results suggested that the -391 A/G could be a potential marker applied in future selection of Zhikong scallop with enhanced resistance to L. anguillarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
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39
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Mai WJ, Hu CQ. Molecular cloning, characterization, expression and antibacterial analysis of a lysozyme homologue from Fenneropenaeus merguiensis. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1587-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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LEE J, KIM S, KIM S. BIOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF LYSOZYME PURIFIED FROM THE VISCERA OF SCALLOPS (PATINOPECTEN YESSOENSIS). J Food Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Li H, Parisi MG, Toubiana M, Cammarata M, Roch P. Lysozyme gene expression and hemocyte behaviour in the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, after injection of various bacteria or temperature stresses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 25:143-152. [PMID: 18495491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of the Mytilus galloprovincialis lysozyme gene in different in vivo stress situations, including injection of bacteria Vibrio splendidus LGP32, Vibrio anguillarum or Micrococcus lysodeikticus, as well as heat shock at 30 degrees C and cold stress at 5 degrees C. Injection of V. splendidus LGP32 resulted in: (i) a general down-regulation of lysozyme gene expression, as quantified by Q-PCR; (ii) reduction in the number of circulating hemocytes; (iii) decrease in the percentage of circulating hemocytes expressing lysozyme mRNA which was now restricted to only small cells, as observed by ISH; and (iv) accumulation of hemocytes expressing lysozyme in the muscle sinus where injection took place. Injection of V. anguillarum or M. lysodeikticus induced significant up-regulation of lysozyme gene expression, but only 2-3days post-injection, with no change in the total hemocyte counts but an increased percentage of hemocytes expressing lysozyme mRNA. Neither the control injection of PBS-NaCl nor temperature stress modified the lysozyme expression pattern. Consequently, the hemocyte population appears to be capable of discriminating between stress factors, and even between 2 Vibrio species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Ecosystèmes Lagunaires UMR5119, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, IFREMER, cc093, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Paskewitz SM, Li B, Kajla MK. Cloning and molecular characterization of two invertebrate-type lysozymes from Anopheles gambiae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 17:217-25. [PMID: 18397277 PMCID: PMC2995370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We sequenced and characterized two novel invertebrate-type lysozymes from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis of these and a number of related insect proteins identified through bioinformatics strategies showed a high degree of conservation of this protein family throughout the Class Insecta. Expression profiles were examined for the two mosquito genes through semiquantitative and real-time PCR analysis. Lys i-1 transcripts were found in adult females in the fat body and Malpighian tubules, whereas Lys i-2 was detected only in fat bodies. Blood-feeding resulted in significantly increased transcript abundance for both genes in the midguts. Neither gene was upregulated following bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Paskewitz
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Kyomuhendo P, Nilsen IW, Brandsdal BO, Smalås AO. Structural evidence for lack of inhibition of fish goose-type lysozymes by a bacterial inhibitor of lysozyme. J Mol Model 2008; 14:777-88. [PMID: 18491152 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is known that bacteria contain inhibitors of lysozyme activity. The recently discovered Escherichia coli inhibitor of vertebrate lysozyme (Ivy) and its potential interactions with several goose-type (g-type) lysozymes from fish were studied using functional enzyme assays, comparative homology modelling, protein-protein docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Enzyme assays carried out on salmon g-type lysozyme revealed a lack of inhibition by Ivy. Detailed analysis of the complexes formed between Ivy and both hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and goose egg white lysozyme (GEWL) suggests that electrostatic interactions make a dominant contribution to inhibition. Comparison of three dimensional models of aquatic g-type lysozymes revealed important insertions in the beta domain, and specific sequence substitutions yielding altered electrostatic surface properties and surface curvature at the protein-protein interface. Thus, based on structural homology models, we propose that Ivy is not effective against any of the known fish g-type lysozymes. Docking studies suggest a weaker binding mode between Ivy and GEWL compared to that with HEWL, and our models explain the mechanistic necessity for conservation of a set of residues in g-type lysozymes as a prerequisite for inhibition by Ivy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kyomuhendo
- Marine Biotechnology and Fish Health, Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, PO Box 6122, 9291 Tromsø, Norway
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Kawamura S, Ohkuma M, Chijiiwa Y, Kohno D, Nakagawa H, Hirakawa H, Kuhara S, Torikata T. Role of disulfide bonds in goose-type lysozyme. FEBS J 2008; 275:2818-30. [PMID: 18430025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of the two disulfide bonds (Cys4-Cys60 and Cys18-Cys29) in the activity and stability of goose-type (G-type) lysozyme was investigated using ostrich egg-white lysozyme as a model. Each of the two disulfide bonds was deleted separately or simultaneously by substituting both Cys residues with either Ser or Ala. No remarkable differences in secondary structure or catalytic activity were observed between the wild-type and mutant proteins. However, thermal and guanidine hydrochloride unfolding experiments revealed that the stabilities of mutants lacking one or both of the disulfide bonds were significantly decreased relative to those of the wild-type. The destabilization energies of mutant proteins agreed well with those predicted from entropic effects in the denatured state. The effects of deleting each disulfide bond on protein stability were found to be approximately additive, indicating that the individual disulfide bonds contribute to the stability of G-type lysozyme in an independent manner. Under reducing conditions, the thermal stability of the wild-type was decreased to a level nearly equivalent to that of a Cys-free mutant (C4S/C18S/C29S/C60S) in which all Cys residues were replaced by Ser. Moreover, the optimum temperature of the catalytic activity for the Cys-free mutant was downshifted by about 20 degrees C as compared with that of the wild-type. These results indicate that the formation of the two disulfide bonds is not essential for the correct folding into the catalytically active conformation, but is crucial for the structural stability of G-type lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kawamura
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Aso, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Callewaert L, Aertsen A, Deckers D, Vanoirbeek KGA, Vanderkelen L, Van Herreweghe JM, Masschalck B, Nakimbugwe D, Robben J, Michiels CW. A new family of lysozyme inhibitors contributing to lysozyme tolerance in gram-negative bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000019. [PMID: 18369469 PMCID: PMC2267010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozymes are ancient and important components of the innate immune system of animals that hydrolyze peptidoglycan, the major bacterial cell wall polymer. Bacteria engaging in commensal or pathogenic interactions with an animal host have evolved various strategies to evade this bactericidal enzyme, one recently proposed strategy being the production of lysozyme inhibitors. We here report the discovery of a novel family of bacterial lysozyme inhibitors with widespread homologs in gram-negative bacteria. First, a lysozyme inhibitor was isolated by affinity chromatography from a periplasmic extract of Salmonella Enteritidis, identified by mass spectrometry and correspondingly designated as PliC (periplasmic lysozyme inhibitor of c-type lysozyme). A pliC knock-out mutant no longer produced lysozyme inhibitory activity and showed increased lysozyme sensitivity in the presence of the outer membrane permeabilizing protein lactoferrin. PliC lacks similarity with the previously described Escherichia coli lysozyme inhibitor Ivy, but is related to a group of proteins with a common conserved COG3895 domain, some of them predicted to be lipoproteins. No function has yet been assigned to these proteins, although they are widely spread among the Proteobacteria. We demonstrate that at least two representatives of this group, MliC (membrane bound lysozyme inhibitor of c-type lysozyme) of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also possess lysozyme inhibitory activity and confer increased lysozyme tolerance upon expression in E. coli. Interestingly, mliC of Salmonella Typhi was picked up earlier in a screen for genes induced during residence in macrophages, and knockout of mliC was shown to reduce macrophage survival of S. Typhi. Based on these observations, we suggest that the COG3895 domain is a common feature of a novel and widespread family of bacterial lysozyme inhibitors in gram-negative bacteria that may function as colonization or virulence factors in bacteria interacting with an animal host. Lysozyme is an ancient bactericidal enzyme that is part of the antibacterial defense system of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Bacteria colonizing or infecting an animal host have developed various ways to overcome lysozyme action, a recently proposed mechanism being the production of lysozyme inhibitors. However, the only high affinity bacterial lysozyme inhibitor known thus far is produced only in few bacteria, and this raised questions about their wider relevance in bacteria–host interactions. We here report the discovery of a novel and distinct family of bacterial lysozyme inhibitors that is widely distributed among the Proteobacteria, including several major pathogens. The family comprises periplasmic as well as membrane-bound inhibitors, and both types contribute to lysozyme tolerance of bacterial cells, as we experimentally demonstrate for the periplasmic inhibitor from Salmonella Typhimurium and the membrane-bound inhibitors from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, a gene encoding one of the newly identified inhibitors has been previously found to promote macrophage survival of Salmonella Typhi. The widespread occurrence of lysozyme inhibitors in bacteria is likely to reflect their functional importance in a wide range of bacteria–host interactions. As such, they are also attractive novel targets for antibacterial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Callewaert
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abram Aertsen
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daphne Deckers
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof G. A. Vanoirbeek
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Vanderkelen
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris M. Van Herreweghe
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Masschalck
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorothy Nakimbugwe
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Robben
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Chris W. Michiels
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Marine lysozyme from a marine bacterium that inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 77:1261-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Itoh N, Xue Q, Li Y, Cooper RK, La Peyre JF. cDNA cloning and tissue expression of plasma lysozyme in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 23:957-68. [PMID: 17703954 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The cDNA sequence of a 17,861 Da lysozyme first purified from plasma of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) was identified and its complete amino acid sequence deduced. The amino acid sequence of the plasma lysozyme, designated cv-lysozyme 1, contained both a unique and a conserved region when compared to the amino acid sequences of other bivalve lysozymes. In situ hybridisation located cv-lysozyme 1 gene expression in mantle and gill cells in standard histological sections. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR detected cv-lysozyme 1 expression in all organs examined and circulating haemocytes. The number of cv-lysozyme 1 mRNA transcripts was particularly high in mantles and labial palps suggesting those organs are the main sites of cv-lysozyme 1 synthesis. Cv-lysozyme 1 enzyme activity measured by lysing Micrococcus lysodeikticus bacteria and expressed in units per gram tissue was highest in mantles, labial palps and gills. Most cv-lysozyme 1 enzyme activity in oysters was found in plasma. Cv-lysozyme 1 main organs of synthesis, its abundance in plasma and its strong antimicrobial properties suggest its main role is in oyster host defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Itoh
- Cooperative Aquatic Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Science, 111 Dalrymple Building, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Goto T, Abe Y, Kakuta Y, Takeshita K, Imoto T, Ueda T. Crystal Structure of Tapes japonica Lysozyme with Substrate Analogue. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27459-27467. [PMID: 17631496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704555200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tapes japonica lysozyme (TJL) is classified as a member of the recently established i-type lysozyme family. In this study, we solved the crystal structure of TJL complexed with a trimer of N-acetylglucosamine to 1.6A resolution. Based on structure and mutation analyses, we demonstrated that Glu-18 and Asp-30 are the catalytic residues of TJL. Furthermore, the present findings suggest that the catalytic mechanism of TJL is a retaining mechanism that proceeds through a covalent sugar-enzyme intermediate. On the other hand, the quaternary structure in the crystal revealed a dimer formed by the electrostatic interactions of catalytic residues (Glu-18 and Asp-30) in one molecule with the positive residues at the C terminus in helix 6 of the other molecule. Gel chromatography analysis revealed that the TJL dimer remained intact under low salt conditions but that it dissociated to TJL monomers under high salt conditions. With increasing salt concentrations, the chitinase activity of TJL dramatically increased. Therefore, this study provides novel evidence that the lysozyme activity of TJL is modulated by its quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Goto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and
| | - Yoshito Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and
| | - Yoshimitsu Kakuta
- Agricultural Sciences of Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and
| | - Kohei Takeshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and
| | - Taiji Imoto
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 and.
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Myrnes B, Nilsen IW. Glutathione S-transferase from the Icelandic scallop (Chlamys islandica): isolation and partial characterization. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 144:403-7. [PMID: 17208521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase from the digestive gland of the cold-adapted marine bivalve Icelandic scallop was purified to apparent homogeneity by single GSTrap chromatography. The enzyme appeared to be a homodimer with subunit M(r) 22,000 having an optimum catalytic activity at pH 6.5-7. Enzymatic analysis of scallop GST using the substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione resulted in apparent values for K(m)(GST) and K(m)(CDNB) of 0.3 mM and 0.4 mM, respectively. The scallop GST lost activity faster than porcine GST when exposed to increased temperatures, but both enzymes needed 10 min incubation at 60 degrees C for complete inactivation. A partial coding sequence was identified in cDNA synthesised from digestive gland mRNA. Comparison to known sequences indicates that the gene product is a glutathione S-transferase, and the predicted Icelandic scallop GST protein scores 40% sequence identity and 60% sequence similarity to mu-class proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørnar Myrnes
- Marine Biotechnology and Fish Health, Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture, P. O. Box 6122, N-9291 Tromsø, Norway.
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Mydlarz LD, Jones LE, Harvell CD. Innate Immunity, Environmental Drivers, and Disease Ecology of Marine and Freshwater Invertebrates. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2006. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Mydlarz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - Laura E. Jones
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
| | - C. Drew Harvell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; , ,
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