1
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Jain A, Sharma R, Gautam L, Shrivastava P, Singh KK, Vyas SP. Biomolecular interactions between Plasmodium and human host: A basis of targeted antimalarial therapy. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:401-419. [PMID: 38519002 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the serious health concerns worldwide as it remains a clinical challenge due to the complex life cycle of the malaria parasite and the morphological changes it undergoes during infection. The malaria parasite multiplies rapidly and spreads in the population by changing its alternative hosts. These various morphological stages of the parasite in the human host cause clinical symptoms (anemia, fever, and coma). These symptoms arise due to the preprogrammed biology of the parasite in response to the human pathophysiological response. Thus, complete elimination becomes one of the major health challenges. Although malaria vaccine(s) are available in the market, they still contain to cause high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an approach for eradication is needed through the exploration of novel molecular targets by tracking the epidemiological changes the parasite adopts. This review focuses on the various novel molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Jain
- Drug Delivery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, M.P., 470003, India
| | - Rajeev Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, M.P., 474005, India.
| | - Laxmikant Gautam
- Babulal Tarabai Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Sagar, M.P., 470228, India
| | - Priya Shrivastava
- Drug Delivery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, M.P., 470003, India
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Suresh P Vyas
- Drug Delivery and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, M.P., 470003, India.
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2
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Dawood WA, Fisher GM, Kinnen FJM, Anzenhofer C, Skinner-Adams T, Alves Avelar L, Asfaha Y, Kurz T, Andrews KT. Activity of alkoxyamide-based histone deacetylase inhibitors against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. Exp Parasitol 2024; 258:108716. [PMID: 38340779 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
There are more than 240 million cases of malaria and 600,000 associated deaths each year, most due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum parasites. While malaria treatment options exist, new drugs with novel modes of action are needed to address malaria parasite drug resistance. Protein lysine deacetylases (termed HDACs) are important epigenetic regulatory enzymes and prospective therapeutic targets for malaria. Here we report the antiplasmodial activity of a panel of 17 hydroxamate zinc binding group HDAC inhibitors with alkoxyamide linkers and different cap groups. The two most potent compounds (4a and 4b) were found to inhibit asexual P. falciparum growth with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50's) of 0.07 μM and 0.09 μM, respectively, and demonstrated >200-fold more selectivity for P. falciparum parasites versus human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (NFF). In situ hyperacetylation studies demonstrated that 4a, 4b and analogs caused P. falciparum histone H4 hyperacetylation, suggesting HDAC inhibition, with structure activity relationships providing information relevant to the design of new Plasmodium-specific aliphatic chain hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam A Dawood
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gillian M Fisher
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Franziska J M Kinnen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Germany
| | - Christian Anzenhofer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Germany
| | - Tina Skinner-Adams
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leandro Alves Avelar
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Germany
| | - Yodita Asfaha
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Germany.
| | - Katherine T Andrews
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
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3
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Reyser T, Paloque L, Augereau JM, Di Stefano L, Benoit-Vical F. Epigenetic regulation as a therapeutic target in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 2024; 23:44. [PMID: 38347549 PMCID: PMC10863139 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past thirty years, epigenetic regulation of gene expression has gained increasing interest as it was shown to be implicated in illnesses ranging from cancers to parasitic diseases. In the malaria parasite, epigenetics was shown to be involved in several key steps of the complex life cycle of Plasmodium, among which asexual development and sexual commitment, but also in major biological processes like immune evasion, response to environmental changes or DNA repair. Because epigenetics plays such paramount roles in the Plasmodium parasite, enzymes involved in these regulating pathways represent a reservoir of potential therapeutic targets. This review focuses on epigenetic regulatory processes and their effectors in the malaria parasite, as well as the inhibitors of epigenetic pathways and their potential as new anti-malarial drugs. Such types of drugs could be formidable tools that may contribute to malaria eradication in a context of widespread resistance to conventional anti-malarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Reyser
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, Team "New Antiplasmodial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches", Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Paloque
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, Team "New Antiplasmodial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches", Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Augereau
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, Team "New Antiplasmodial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches", Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Luisa Di Stefano
- MCD, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Benoit-Vical
- LCC-CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
- MAAP, Inserm ERL 1289, Team "New Antiplasmodial Molecules and Pharmacological Approaches", Toulouse, France.
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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4
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McLellan JL, Sausman W, Reers AB, Bunnik EM, Hanson KK. Single-cell quantitative bioimaging of P. berghei liver stage translation. mSphere 2023; 8:e0054423. [PMID: 37909773 PMCID: PMC10732057 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00544-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Plasmodium parasites cause malaria in humans. New multistage active antimalarial drugs are needed, and a promising class of drugs targets the core cellular process of translation, which has many potential molecular targets. During the obligate liver stage, Plasmodium parasites grow in metabolically active hepatocytes, making it challenging to study core cellular processes common to both host cells and parasites, as the signal from the host typically overwhelms that of the parasite. Here, we present and validate a flexible assay to quantify Plasmodium liver stage translation using a technique to fluorescently label the newly synthesized proteins of both host and parasite followed by computational separation of their respective nascent proteomes in confocal image sets. We use the assay to determine whether a test set of known compounds are direct or indirect liver stage translation inhibitors and show that the assay can also predict the mode of action for novel antimalarial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - William Sausman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley B. Reers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Evelien M. Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kirsten K. Hanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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5
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McLellan JL, Sausman W, Reers AB, Bunnik EM, Hanson KK. Single-cell quantitative bioimaging of P. berghei liver stage translation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547872. [PMID: 37461595 PMCID: PMC10350035 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium parasite resistance to existing antimalarial drugs poses a devastating threat to the lives of many who depend on their efficacy. New antimalarial drugs and novel drug targets are in critical need, along with novel assays to accelerate their identification. Given the essentiality of protein synthesis throughout the complex parasite lifecycle, translation inhibitors are a promising drug class, capable of targeting the disease-causing blood stage of infection, as well as the asymptomatic liver stage, a crucial target for prophylaxis. To identify compounds capable of inhibiting liver stage parasite translation, we developed an assay to visualize and quantify translation in the P. berghei-HepG2 infection model. After labeling infected monolayers with o-propargyl puromycin (OPP), a functionalized analog of puromycin permitting subsequent bioorthogonal addition of a fluorophore to each OPP-terminated nascent polypetide, we use automated confocal feedback microscopy followed by batch image segmentation and feature extraction to visualize and quantify the nascent proteome in individual P. berghei liver stage parasites and host cells simultaneously. After validation, we demonstrate specific, concentration-dependent liver stage translation inhibition by both parasite-selective and pan-eukaryotic active compounds, and further show that acute pre-treatment and competition modes of the OPP assay can distinguish between direct and indirect translation inhibitors. We identify a Malaria Box compound, MMV019266, as a direct translation inhibitor in P. berghei liver stages and confirm this potential mode of action in P. falciparum asexual blood stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L McLellan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - William Sausman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ashley B Reers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Evelien M Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kirsten K Hanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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6
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Collins JE, Lee JW, Bohmer MJ, Welden JD, Arshadi AK, Du L, Cichewicz RH, Chakrabarti D. Cyclic Tetrapeptide HDAC Inhibitors with Improved Plasmodium falciparum Selectivity and Killing Profile. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2889-2903. [PMID: 34491031 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic tetrapeptide histone deacetylase inhibitors represent a promising class of antiplasmodial agents that epigenetically disrupt a wide range of cellular processes in Plasmodium falciparum. Unfortunately, certain limitations, including reversible killing effects and host cell toxicity, prevented these inhibitors from further development and clinical use as antimalarials. In this study, we present a series of cyclic tetrapeptide analogues derived primarily from the fungus Wardomyces dimerus that inhibit P. falciparum with low nanomolar potency and high selectivity. This cyclic tetrapeptide scaffold was diversified further via semisynthesis, leading to the identification of several key structural changes that positively impacted the selectivity, potency, and in vitro killing profiles of these compounds. We confirmed their effectiveness as HDAC inhibitors through the inhibition of PfHDAC1 catalytic activity, in silico modeling, and the hyperacetylation of histone H4. Additional analysis revealed the in vitro inhibition of the most active epoxide-containing analogue was plasmodistatic, exhibiting reversible inhibitory effects upon compound withdrawal after 24 or 48 h. In contrast, one of the new diacetyloxy semisynthetic analogues, CTP-NPDG 19, displayed a rapid and irreversible action against the parasite following compound exposure for 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Collins
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Natural Products Applications & Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Monica J. Bohmer
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Joshua D. Welden
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Arash K. Arshadi
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Natural Products Applications & Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Natural Products Applications & Research Technologies, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Debopam Chakrabarti
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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7
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Chua MJ, Tng J, Hesping E, Fisher GM, Goodman CD, Skinner-Adams T, Do D, Lucke AJ, Reid RC, Fairlie DP, Andrews KT. Histone deacetylase inhibitor AR-42 and achiral analogues kill malaria parasites in vitro and in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2021; 17:118-127. [PMID: 34560571 PMCID: PMC8463797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites and results in significant health and economic impacts. Malaria eradication is hampered by parasite resistance to current drugs and the lack of a widely effective vaccine. Compounds that target epigenetic regulatory proteins, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), may lead to new therapeutic agents with a different mechanism of action, thereby avoiding resistance mechanisms to current antimalarial drugs. The anticancer HDAC inhibitor AR-42, as its racemate (rac-AR-42), and 36 analogues were investigated for in vitro activity against P. falciparum. Rac-AR-42 and selected compounds were assessed for cytotoxicity against human cells, histone hyperacetylation, human HDAC1 inhibition and oral activity in a murine malaria model. Rac-AR-42 was tested for ex vivo asexual and in vitro exoerythrocytic stage activity against P. berghei murine malaria parasites. Rac-AR-42 and 13 achiral analogues were potent inhibitors of asexual intraerythrocytic stage P. falciparum 3D7 growth in vitro (IC50 5–50 nM), with four of these compounds having >50-fold selectivity for P. falciparum versus human cells (selectivity index 56–118). Rac-AR-42 induced in situ hyperacetylation of P. falciparum histone H4, consistent with PfHDAC(s) inhibition. Furthermore, rac-AR-42 potently inhibited P. berghei infected erythrocyte growth ex vivo (IC50 40 nM) and P. berghei exoerythrocytic forms in hepatocytes (IC50 1 nM). Oral administration of rac-AR-42 and two achiral analogues inhibited P. berghei growth in mice, with rac-AR-42 (50 mg/kg/day single dose for four days) curing all infections. These findings demonstrate curative properties for HDAC inhibitors in the oral treatment of experimental mouse malaria. HDAC inhibitors rac-AR-42 and 13 analogues inhibit P. falciparum growth in vitro. Rac-AR-42 inhibits P. berghei exoerythrocytic forms in hepatocytes (IC50 1 nM). Rac-AR-42 causes in situ hyperacetylation of P. falciparum histone H4. Rac-AR-42 cures P. berghei infected mice with oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jang Chua
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Jiahui Tng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Eva Hesping
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Gillian M Fisher
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | | | - Tina Skinner-Adams
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Darren Do
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lucke
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert C Reid
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Katherine T Andrews
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
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8
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Oberstaller J, Zoungrana L, Bannerman CD, Jahangiri S, Dwivedi A, Silva JC, Adams JH, Takala-Harrison S. Integration of population and functional genomics to understand mechanisms of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021; 16:119-128. [PMID: 34102588 PMCID: PMC8187163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to antimalarial drugs, and in particular to the artemisinin derivatives and their partner drugs, threatens recent progress toward regional malaria elimination and eventual global malaria eradication. Population-level studies utilizing whole-genome sequencing approaches have facilitated the identification of regions of the parasite genome associated with both clinical and in vitro drug-resistance phenotypes. However, the biological relevance of genes identified in these analyses and the establishment of a causal relationship between genotype and phenotype requires functional characterization. Here we examined data from population genomic and transcriptomic studies in the context of data generated from recent functional studies, using a new population genetic approach designed to identify potential favored mutations within the region of a selective sweep (iSAFE). We identified several genes functioning in pathways now known to be associated with artemisinin resistance that were supported in early population genomic studies, as well as potential new drug targets/pathways for further validation and consideration for treatment of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, we establish the utility of iSAFE in identifying positively-selected mutations in population genomic studies, potentially accelerating the time to functional validation of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Oberstaller
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Linda Zoungrana
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Carl D Bannerman
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Ankit Dwivedi
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joana C Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - John H Adams
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Shannon Takala-Harrison
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Nardella F, Halby L, Dobrescu I, Viluma J, Bon C, Claes A, Cadet-Daniel V, Tafit A, Roesch C, Hammam E, Erdmann D, Mairet-Khedim M, Peronet R, Mecheri S, Witkowski B, Scherf A, Arimondo PB. Procainamide-SAHA Fused Inhibitors of hHDAC6 Tackle Multidrug-Resistant Malaria Parasites. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10403-10417. [PMID: 34185525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic post-translational modifications are essential for human malaria parasite survival and progression through its life cycle. Here, we present new functionalized suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) derivatives that chemically combine the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor procainamide. A three- or four-step chemical synthesis was designed starting from cheap raw materials. Compared to the single drugs, the combined molecules showed a superior activity in Plasmodium and a potent inhibition against human HDAC6, exerting no cytotoxicity in human cell lines. These new compounds are fully active in multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Cambodian isolates. They target transmission of the parasite by inducing irreversible morphological changes in gametocytes and inhibiting exflagellation. The compounds are slow-acting and have an additive antimalarial effect in combination with fast-acting epidrugs and dihydroartemisinin. The lead compound decreases parasitemia in mice in a severe malaria model. Taken together, this novel fused molecule offers an affordable alternative to current failing antimalarial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Nardella
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ludovic Halby
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Irina Dobrescu
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Johanna Viluma
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Corentin Bon
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.,Ecole Doctorale MTCI ED563, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75270, France
| | - Aurélie Claes
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Véronique Cadet-Daniel
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ambre Tafit
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Camille Roesch
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Elie Hammam
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Diane Erdmann
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.,Ecole Doctorale MTCI ED563, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75270, France
| | - Melissa Mairet-Khedim
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Roger Peronet
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Salah Mecheri
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Benoit Witkowski
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Pasteur Institute in Cambodia, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Artur Scherf
- Unité Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, Département de Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ERL 9195, INSERM Unit U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
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10
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Identification of benzamide inhibitors of histone deacetylase 1 from Babesia and Theileria species via high-throughput virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2175-2187. [PMID: 33987736 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Theileria and Babesia species are eukaryotic protozoan parasites classified under the order Piroplasmida of the phylum Apicomplexa. Tick vectors transmit these microorganisms in tropical and subtropical regions to a wide range of animals, including ruminants, causing fatal and life-threatening diseases such as bovine babesiosis and theileriosis. Resistance to commercially available drugs requires the search for new drug candidates. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) has a potential to be utilized as a drug target; therefore, it may be considered as an effective alternative. Previous studies revealed that HDAC inhibitors, identified for human use, show promising anti-parasitic effects. We have herein focused on the class I HDAC enzyme, HDAC1, of the Babesia and Theileria species to discover potential benzamide inhibitors by following a streamlined workflow of computer-aided drug design methodology. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that benzamide derivatives stably interacted with the HDAC1 active site in both parasites as hypothesized. Furthermore, specific residue insertions at the entry point of the active site cleft of parasitic HDAC1 could enable ways to design parasite-specific drugs without adversely affecting host enzymes.
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11
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Quintavalla A, Veronesi R, Carboni D, Martinelli A, Zaccheroni N, Mummolo L, Lombardo M. Chemodivergent Photocatalytic Synthesis of Dihydrofurans and β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Quintavalla
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ruben Veronesi
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Davide Carboni
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ada Martinelli
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Nelsi Zaccheroni
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Liviana Mummolo
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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12
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Li R, Ling D, Tang T, Huang Z, Wang M, Ding Y, Liu T, Wei H, Xu W, Mao F, Zhu J, Li X, Jiang L, Li J. Discovery of Novel Plasmodium falciparum HDAC1 Inhibitors with Dual-Stage Antimalarial Potency and Improved Safety Based on the Clinical Anticancer Drug Candidate Quisinostat. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2254-2271. [PMID: 33541085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we identified the clinical anticancer drug candidate quisinostat as a novel and potent antimalarial lead compound. To further enhance the antimalarial effect and improve safety, 31 novel spirocyclic hydroxamic acid derivatives were synthesized based on the structure of quisinostat, and their antimalarial activities and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Among them, compound 11 displayed broad potency in vitro against several multiresistant malarial parasites, especially two artemisinin-resistant clinical isolates. Moreover, 11 could eliminate both liver and erythrocytic parasites in vivo, kill all morphological erythrocytic parasites with specific potency against schizonts, and show acceptable metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties. Western blot analysis, PfHDAC gene knockdown, and enzymatic inhibition experiments collectively confirmed that PfHDAC1 was the target of 11. In summary, 11 is a structurally novel PfHDAC1 inhibitor with the potential to prevent and cure malaria, overcome multidrug resistance, and provide a prospective prototype for antimalarial drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dazheng Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tongke Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Manjiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Taiping Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hanwen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lubin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, 5 Xue Ren Road, Dali 671000, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Phan TN, Baek KH, Lee N, Byun SY, Shum D, No JH. In Vitro and in Vivo Activity of mTOR Kinase and PI3K Inhibitors Against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081980. [PMID: 32340370 PMCID: PMC7221892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites, including Leishmania and Trypanosoma spp., are life threatening pathogens with a worldwide distribution. Next-generation therapeutics for treatment are needed as current treatments have limitations, such as toxicity and drug resistance. In this study, we examined the activities of established mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors against these tropical diseases. High-throughput screening of a library of 1742 bioactive compounds against intracellular L. donovani was performed, and seven mTOR/PI3K inhibitors were identified. Dose-dilution assays revealed that these inhibitors had half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 0.14 to 13.44 μM for L. donovani amastigotes and from 0.00005 to 8.16 μM for T. brucei. The results of a visceral leishmaniasis mouse model indicated that treatment with Torin2, dactolisib, or NVP-BGT226 resulted in reductions of 35%, 53%, and 54%, respectively, in the numbers of liver parasites. In an acute T. brucei mouse model using NVP-BGT226 parasite numbers were reduced to under the limits of detection by five consecutive days of treatment. Multiple sequence and structural alignment results indicated high similarities between mTOR and kinetoplastid TORs; the inhibitors are predicted to bind in a similar manner. Taken together, these results indicated that the TOR pathways of parasites have potential for the discovery of novel targets and new potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Nhat Phan
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (T.-N.P.); (K.-H.B.)
| | - Kyung-Hwa Baek
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (T.-N.P.); (K.-H.B.)
| | - Nakyung Lee
- Screening Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (N.L.); (S.Y.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Soo Young Byun
- Screening Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (N.L.); (S.Y.B.); (D.S.)
| | - David Shum
- Screening Development Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (N.L.); (S.Y.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Korea; (T.-N.P.); (K.-H.B.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Nguyen HHT, Yeoh LM, Chisholm SA, Duffy MF. Developments in drug design strategies for bromodomain protein inhibitors to target Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:415-425. [PMID: 31870185 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1704251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bromodomains (BRDs) bind to acetylated lysine residues, often on histones. The BRD proteins can contribute to gene regulation either directly through enzymatic activity or indirectly through recruitment of chromatin-modifying complexes or transcription factors. There is no evidence of direct orthologues of the Plasmodium falciparum BRD proteins (PfBDPs) outside the apicomplexans. PfBDPs are expressed during the parasite's life cycle in both the human host's blood and in the mosquito. PfBDPs could also prove to be promising targets for novel antimalarials, which are urgently required to address increasing drug resistance.Areas covered: This review discusses recent studies of the biology of PfBDPs, current target-based strategies for PfBDP inhibitor discovery, and different approaches to the important step of validating the specificity of hit compounds for PfBDPs.Expert opinion: The novelty of Plasmodium BRDs suggests that they could be targeted by selective compounds. Chemical series that showed promise in screens against human BRDs could be leveraged to create targeted compound libraries, as could hits from P. falciparum phenotypic screens. These targeted libraries and hits could be screened in target-based strategies aimed at discovery and optimization of novel inhibitors of PfBDPs. A key task for the field is to generate parasite assays to validate the hit compounds' specificity for PfBDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh H T Nguyen
- The School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Dept of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lee M Yeoh
- The School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott A Chisholm
- The School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael F Duffy
- The School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Dept of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Abdulkareem AO, Babamale AO, Owolusi LO, Busari SA, Olatunji LA. Anti-plasmodial activity of sodium acetate in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:493-498. [PMID: 29634486 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Continuous increase in drug resistance has hindered the control of malaria infection and resulted in multi-drug-resistant parasite strains. This, therefore, intensifies the search for alternative treatments with no or less side effects. Several histone deacetylase inhibitors have been characterised to possess anti-malaria activity; however, their further development as anti-malaria agents has not recorded much success. The present study investigated the anti-plasmodial activity of sodium acetate in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, aiming at finding a better alternative source of malaria chemotherapy.
Methods
Thirty female Swiss albino mice were randomly distributed into six groups. Groups A (uninfected control) and B (infected control) received only distilled water. Group C (artesunate control) were infected and treated orally with 4 mg/kg artesunate on the first day, and subsequently 2 mg/kg artesunate. Groups D, E and F were infected and orally treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg sodium acetate, respectively.
Results
Sodium acetate significantly lowered parasitaemia (p<0.05) after 4 days post-treatment, and the parasite inhibition rate of 68.5% at 50 mg/kg compared favourably with the 73.3% rate of artesunate. Similarly, administration of 50 mg/kg sodium acetate improved serum total cholesterol relatively better than artesunate. Our results also revealed that sodium acetate does not interfere with liver function, as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in both infected treated and uninfected mice.
Conclusions
This study shows that sodium acetate may be a safe alternative source of anti-malaria drugs. Its effect on the serum total cholesterol also predicts its ability in correcting malaria-induced metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam O Abdulkareem
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, Phone: +2348066528548
| | | | - Lucky O Owolusi
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Simbiat A Busari
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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16
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Histone deacetylases as targets for antitrypanosomal drugs. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO325. [PMID: 30271613 PMCID: PMC6153458 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic protozoa comprise several species that are causative agents of important diseases. These diseases are distributed throughout the world and include leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and sleeping sickness, malaria and toxoplasmosis. Treatment is based on drugs that were developed many years ago, which have side effects and produce resistant parasites. One approach for the development of new drugs is the identification of new molecular targets. We summarize the data on histone deacetylases, a class of enzymes that act on histones, which are closely associated with DNA and its regulation. These enzymes may constitute new targets for the development of antiparasitic protozoa drugs. Although several protozoan species are mentioned, members of the Trypanosomatidae family are the main focus of this short review. Parasitic protozoa comprise species that are causative agents of important diseases distributed throughout the world. The available drugs for treatment were developed many years ago, might cause side effects and produce resistant parasites. The identification of new molecular targets is required for the development of new drugs. Histone deacetylases act on histones, are closely associated with DNA and thus may constitute new targets for antiparasitic therapy, especially that against trypanosomatid protozoa.
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17
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White AM, Dao K, Vrubliauskas D, Könst ZA, Pierens GK, Mándi A, Andrews KT, Skinner-Adams TS, Clarke ME, Narbutas PT, Sim DCM, Cheney KL, Kurtán T, Garson MJ, Vanderwal CD. Catalyst-Controlled Stereoselective Synthesis Secures the Structure of the Antimalarial Isocyanoterpene Pustulosaisonitrile-1. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13313-13323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. White
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kathy Dao
- 1102
Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Darius Vrubliauskas
- 1102
Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Zef A. Könst
- 1102
Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Gregory K. Pierens
- Centre
for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katherine T. Andrews
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Tina S. Skinner-Adams
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mary E. Clarke
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Patrick T. Narbutas
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Desmond C.-M. Sim
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L. Cheney
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mary J. Garson
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- 1102
Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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18
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Mogire RM, Akala HM, Macharia RW, Juma DW, Cheruiyot AC, Andagalu B, Brown ML, El-Shemy HA, Nyanjom SG. Target-similarity search using Plasmodium falciparum proteome identifies approved drugs with anti-malarial activity and their possible targets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186364. [PMID: 29088219 PMCID: PMC5663372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria causes about half a million deaths annually, with Plasmodium falciparum being responsible for 90% of all the cases. Recent reports on artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia warrant urgent discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of malaria. However, most bioactive compounds fail to progress to treatments due to safety concerns. Drug repositioning offers an alternative strategy where drugs that have already been approved as safe for other diseases could be used to treat malaria. This study screened approved drugs for antimalarial activity using an in silico chemogenomics approach prior to in vitro verification. All the P. falciparum proteins sequences available in NCBI RefSeq were mined and used to perform a similarity search against DrugBank, TTD and STITCH databases to identify similar putative drug targets. Druggability indices of the potential P. falciparum drug targets were obtained from TDR targets database. Functional amino acid residues of the drug targets were determined using ConSurf server which was used to fine tune the similarity search. This study predicted 133 approved drugs that could target 34 P. falciparum proteins. A literature search done at PubMed and Google Scholar showed 105 out of the 133 drugs to have been previously tested against malaria, with most showing activity. For further validation, drug susceptibility assays using SYBR Green I method were done on a representative group of 10 predicted drugs, eight of which did show activity against P. falciparum 3D7 clone. Seven had IC50 values ranging from 1 μM to 50 μM. This study also suggests drug-target association and hence possible mechanisms of action of drugs that did show antiplasmodial activity. The study results validate the use of proteome-wide target similarity approach in identifying approved drugs with activity against P. falciparum and could be adapted for other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan M. Mogire
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hoseah M. Akala
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Rosaline W. Macharia
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dennis W. Juma
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Agnes C. Cheruiyot
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Andagalu
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Mathew L. Brown
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases (DEID), United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Kenya (USAMRD-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)—Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Hany A. El-Shemy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Steven G. Nyanjom
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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19
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Gupta AP, Bozdech Z. Epigenetic landscapes underlining global patterns of gene expression in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:399-407. [PMID: 28414071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic chromatin landscape displaying combinatorial complexity of the epigenome impacts gene expression that underlies many events of differentiation and cell cycle progression. In the past few years, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as important processes involved in the tight gene regulation in malaria parasites, Plasmodium spp. Focusing predominantly on Plasmodium falciparum, the species associated with the most severe form of the disease, many advances have been made in our understanding of the interaction between transcriptional regulation and epigenetic mechanisms as the pivotal processes in regulating life cycle progression, host parasite interactions and parasite adaptation to the host environment. This review focuses on the epigenome and its effect on transcriptional regulation in P. falciparum, highlighting its unique, evolutionary diverse features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana P Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Zbynek Bozdech
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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20
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Hailu GS, Robaa D, Forgione M, Sippl W, Rotili D, Mai A. Lysine Deacetylase Inhibitors in Parasites: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4780-4804. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gebremedhin S. Hailu
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dina Robaa
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mariantonietta Forgione
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center
for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dante Rotili
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto
Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
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21
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Bagnall NH, Hines BM, Lucke AJ, Gupta PK, Reid RC, Fairlie DP, Kotze AC. Insecticidal activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors against a dipteran parasite of sheep, Lucilia cuprina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2017; 7:51-60. [PMID: 28110187 PMCID: PMC5247571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are being investigated for the control of various human parasites. Here we investigate their potential as insecticides for the control of a major ecto-parasite of sheep, the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. We assessed the ability of HDACi from various chemical classes to inhibit the development of blowfly larvae in vitro, and to inhibit HDAC activity in nuclear protein extracts prepared from blowfly eggs. The HDACi prodrug romidepsin, a cyclic depsipeptide that forms a thiolate, was the most potent inhibitor of larval growth, with equivalent or greater potency than three commercial blowfly insecticides. Other HDACi with potent activity were hydroxamic acids (trichostatin, CUDC-907, AR-42), a thioester (KD5170), a disulphide (Psammaplin A), and a cyclic tetrapeptide bearing a ketone (apicidin). On the other hand, no insecticidal activity was observed for certain other hydroxamic acids, fatty acids, and the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide. The structural diversity of the 31 hydroxamic acids examined here revealed some structural requirements for insecticidal activity; for example, among compounds with flexible linear zinc-binding extensions, greater potency was observed in the presence of branched capping groups that likely make multiple interactions with the blowfly HDAC enzymes. The insecticidal activity correlated with inhibition of HDAC activity in blowfly nuclear protein extracts, indicating that the toxicity was most likely due to inhibition of HDAC enzymes in the blowfly larvae. The inhibitor potencies against blowfly larvae are different from inhibition of human HDACs, suggesting some selectivity for human over blowfly HDACs, and a potential for developing compounds with the inverse selectivity. In summary, these novel findings support blowfly HDAC enzymes as new targets for blowfly control, and point to development of HDAC inhibitors as a promising new class of insecticides. We measured the insecticidal effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors against the sheep blowfly. Insecticidal activity correlated with inhibition of HDAC enzyme activity in nuclear extracts. Romidepsin showed equivalent or greater potency than commercial blowfly insecticides. Some insights gained into structural requirements for insecticidal HDAC inhibitors. Potential for HDAC inhibitors as insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil H Bagnall
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Barney M Hines
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lucke
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Praveer K Gupta
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert C Reid
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew C Kotze
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
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Comparative effects of histone deacetylases inhibitors and resveratrol on Trypanosoma cruzi replication, differentiation, infectivity and gene expression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 7:23-33. [PMID: 28038431 PMCID: PMC5199159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone post-translational modification, mediated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases, is one of the most studied factors affecting gene expression. Recent data showing differential histone acetylation states during the Trypanosoma cruzi cell cycle suggest a role for epigenetics in the control of this process. As a starting point to study the role of histone deacetylases in the control of gene expression and the consequences of their inhibition and activation in the biology of T. cruzi, two inhibitors for different histone deacetylases: trichostatin A for class I/II and sirtinol for class III and the activator resveratrol for class III, were tested on proliferative and infective forms of this parasite. The two inhibitors tested caused histone hyperacetylation whereas resveratrol showed the opposite effect on both parasite forms, indicating that a biologically active in vivo level of these compounds was achieved. Histone deacetylase inhibitors caused life stage-specific effects, increasing trypomastigotes infectivity and blocking metacyclogenesis. Moreover, these inhibitors affected specific transcript levels, with sirtinol causing the most pronounced change. On the other hand, resveratrol showed strong anti-parasitic effects. This compound diminished epimastigotes growth, promoted metacyclogenesis, reduced in vitro infection and blocked differentiation and/or replication of intracellular amastigotes. In conclusion, the data presented here supports the notion that these compounds can modulate T. cruzi gene expression, differentiation, infection and histones deacetylase activity. Furthermore, among the compounds tested in this study, the results point to Resveratrol as promising trypanocidal drug candidate. HDACis and resveratrol caused opposite changes on histones acetylation. HDACis and resveratrol affected parasites metacyclogenesis, growth and infection. Different HDACis caused opposite effects on transcript levels.
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Heimburg T, Chakrabarti A, Lancelot J, Marek M, Melesina J, Hauser AT, Shaik TB, Duclaud S, Robaa D, Erdmann F, Schmidt M, Romier C, Pierce RJ, Jung M, Sippl W. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Novel Inhibitors Targeting HDAC8 from Schistosoma mansoni for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2423-35. [PMID: 26937828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major neglected parasitic disease that affects more than 265 million people worldwide and for which the control strategy consists of mass treatment with the only available drug, praziquantel. In this study, a series of new benzohydroxamates were prepared as potent inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8). Crystallographic analysis provided insights into the inhibition mode of smHDAC8 activity by these 3-amidobenzohydroxamates. The newly designed inhibitors were evaluated in screens for enzyme inhibitory activity against schistosome and human HDACs. Twenty-seven compounds were found to be active in the nanomolar range, and some of them showed selectivity toward smHDAC8 over the major human HDACs (1 and 6). The active benzohydroxamates were additionally screened for lethality against the schistosome larval stage using a fluorescence-based assay. Four of these showed significant dose-dependent killing of the schistosome larvae and markedly impaired egg laying of adult worm pairs maintained in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Heimburg
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Alokta Chakrabarti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julien Lancelot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm , CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Marek
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM , 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jelena Melesina
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | - Tajith B Shaik
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM , 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Duclaud
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM , 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Dina Robaa
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Frank Erdmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christophe Romier
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM , 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Raymond J Pierce
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm , CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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24
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Melesina J, Robaa D, Pierce RJ, Romier C, Sippl W. Homology modeling of parasite histone deacetylases to guide the structure-based design of selective inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 62:342-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Choomuenwai V, Beattie KD, Healy PC, Andrews KT, Fechner N, Davis RA. Entonalactams A-C: Isoindolinone derivatives from an Australian rainforest fungus belonging to the genus Entonaema. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:10-16. [PMID: 26057224 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an antimalarial DCM/MeOH extract derived from the Australian rainforest fungus Entonaema sp. resulted in the isolation of three new isoindolinone derivatives, entonalactams A-C (1-3), along with the known natural products 3-methoxy-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol (4), daldinal B (5), and ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (6). The chemical structures of the new secondary metabolites were determined following extensive 1D/2D NMR and MS data analysis. A single crystal X-ray structure for entonalactam A (1) confirmed the NMR-based structure assignment. Entonalactams A-C (1-3) were all determined to be racemic based on chiro-optical data. All secondary metabolites were tested in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites, and ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (6) was identified as the most active compound with 66% inhibition at 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanida Choomuenwai
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Karren D Beattie
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Peter C Healy
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Katherine T Andrews
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nigel Fechner
- Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha, Brisbane, QLD 4066, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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26
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Carrillo AK, Guiguemde WA, Guy RK. Evaluation of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as therapeutic leads for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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White AM, Pierens GK, Skinner-Adams T, Andrews KT, Bernhardt PV, Krenske EH, Mollo E, Garson MJ. Antimalarial Isocyano and Isothiocyanato Sesquiterpenes with Tri- and Bicyclic Skeletons from the Nudibranch Phyllidia ocellata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1422-1427. [PMID: 26056748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Five new isocyano/isothiocyanato sesquiterpenes (1-5) with tri- or bicyclic carbon skeletons have been characterized from Australian specimens of the nudibranch Phyllidia ocellata. Spectroscopic analyses at 900 MHz were informed by DFT calculations. The 1S, 5S, 8R configuration of 2-isocyanoclovene (1) was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of formamide 6. A biosynthetic pathway to clovanes 1 and 2 from epicaryolane precursors is proposed. Isocyanides 1, 2, and 4 showed activity against Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 0.26-0.30 μM), while isothiocyanate 3 and formamide 6 had IC50 values of >10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tina Skinner-Adams
- §Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Katherine T Andrews
- §Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | | | - Ernesto Mollo
- ⊥Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (Na), 80078, Italy
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28
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Xu T, Hu X. Copper-Catalyzed 1,2-Addition of α-Carbonyl Iodides to Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1307-11. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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30
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Kannan S, Melesina J, Hauser AT, Chakrabarti A, Heimburg T, Schmidtkunz K, Walter A, Marek M, Pierce RJ, Romier C, Jung M, Sippl W. Discovery of inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 by combining homology modeling, virtual screening, and in vitro validation. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:3005-19. [PMID: 25243797 DOI: 10.1021/ci5004653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by S. mansoni, is a tropical disease that affects over 200 million people worldwide. A novel approach for targeting eukaryotic parasites is to tackle their dynamic epigenetic machinery that is necessary for the extensive phenotypic changes during their life cycle. We recently identified S. mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8) as a potential target for antiparasitic therapy. Here we present results from a virtual screening campaign on smHDAC8. Besides hydroxamates, several sulfonamide-thiazole derivatives were identified by a target-based virtual screening using a homology model of smHDAC8. In vitro testing of 75 compounds identified 8 hydroxamates as potent and lead-like inhibitors of the parasitic HDAC8. Solving of the crystal structure of smHDAC8 with two of the virtual screening hits confirmed the predicted binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Halle-Wittenberg , 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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31
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Jensen AN, Chindaudomsate W, Thitiananpakorn K, Mongkolsuk S, Jensen LT. Improper protein trafficking contributes to artemisinin sensitivity in cells lacking the KDAC Rpd3p. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4018-25. [PMID: 25263705 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysine deacetylases (KDACs) inhibitors may have therapeutic value in anti-malarial combination therapies with artemisinin. To evaluate connections between KDACs and artemisinin, Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants in KDAC genes were assayed. Deletion of RPD3, but not other KDAC genes, resulted in strong sensitivity to artemisinin, which was also observed in sit4Δ mutants with impaired endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi protein trafficking. Decreased accumulation of the transporters Pdr5p, Fur4p, and Tat2p was observed in rpd3Δ and sit4Δ cells. The unfolded protein response is induced in rpd3Δ cells consistent with retention of proteins in the ER. Disruption of protein trafficking appears to sensitize cells to artemisinin and targeting these pathways may be useful as part of artemisinin based anti-malarial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Skorn Mongkolsuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laran T Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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32
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Lysine acetylation in sexual stage malaria parasites is a target for antimalarial small molecules. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3666-78. [PMID: 24733477 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02721-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies to prevent transmission of malaria parasites to the mosquito vector are a vital part of the global malaria elimination agenda. Primaquine is currently the only drug with such activity; however, its use is limited by side effects. The development of transmission-blocking strategies requires an understanding of sexual stage malaria parasite (gametocyte) biology and the identification of new drug leads. Lysine acetylation is an important posttranslational modification involved in regulating eukaryotic gene expression and other essential processes. Interfering with this process with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is a validated strategy for cancer and other diseases, including asexual stage malaria parasites. Here we confirm the expression of at least one HDAC protein in Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and show that histone and nonhistone protein acetylation occurs in this life cycle stage. The activity of the canonical HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; Vorinostat) and a panel of novel HDAC inhibitors on early/late-stage gametocytes and on gamete formation was examined. Several compounds displayed early/late-stage gametocytocidal activity, with TSA being the most potent (50% inhibitory concentration, 70 to 90 nM). In contrast, no inhibitory activity was observed in P. falciparum gametocyte exflagellation experiments. Gametocytocidal HDAC inhibitors caused hyperacetylation of gametocyte histones, consistent with a mode of action targeting HDAC activity. Our data identify HDAC inhibitors as being among a limited number of compounds that target both asexual and sexual stage malaria parasites, making them a potential new starting point for gametocytocidal drug leads and valuable tools for dissecting gametocyte biology.
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33
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Vu H, Roullier C, Campitelli M, Trenholme KR, Gardiner DL, Andrews KT, Skinner-Adams T, Crowther GJ, Van Voorhis WC, Quinn RJ. Plasmodium gametocyte inhibition identified from a natural-product-based fragment library. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2654-9. [PMID: 24079418 DOI: 10.1021/cb400582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fragment-based screening is commonly used to identify compounds with relatively weak but efficient localized binding to protein surfaces. We used mass spectrometry to study fragment-sized three-dimensional natural products. We identified seven securinine-related compounds binding to Plasmodium falciparum 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (PfdUTPase). Securinine bound allosterically to PfdUTPase, enhancing enzyme activity and inhibiting viability of both P. falciparum gametocyte (sexual) and blood (asexual) stage parasites. Our results provide a new insight into mechanisms that may be applicable to transmission-blocking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoan Vu
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Roullier
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc Campitelli
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine R. Trenholme
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School
of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donald L. Gardiner
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherine T. Andrews
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tina Skinner-Adams
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Crowther
- Department
of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Department
of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Eskitis
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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34
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Duffy MF, Selvarajah SA, Josling GA, Petter M. Epigenetic regulation of the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Brief Funct Genomics 2013; 13:203-16. [PMID: 24326119 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elt047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted some unique aspects of chromatin biology in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. During its erythrocytic lifecycle P. falciparum maintains its genome primarily as unstructured euchromatin. Indeed there is no clear role for chromatin-mediated silencing of the majority of the developmentally expressed genes in P. falciparum. However discontinuous stretches of heterochromatin are critical for variegated expression of contingency genes that mediate key pathogenic processes in malaria. These range from invasion of erythrocytes and antigenic variation to solute transport and growth adaptation in response to environmental changes. Despite lack of structure within euchromatin the nucleus maintains functional compartments that regulate expression of many genes at the nuclear periphery, particularly genes with clonally variant expression. The typical components of the chromatin regulatory machinery are present in P. falciparum; however, some of these appear to have evolved novel species-specific functions, e.g. the dynamic regulation of histone variants at virulence gene promoters. The parasite also appears to have repeatedly acquired chromatin regulatory proteins through lateral transfer from endosymbionts and from the host. P. falciparum chromatin regulators have been successfully targeted with multiple drugs in laboratory studies; hopefully their functional divergence from human counterparts will allow the development of parasite-specific inhibitors.
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35
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Abaza MSI, Bahman AM, Al-Attiyah R. Superior antimitogenic and chemosensitization activities of the combination treatment of the histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin and proteasome inhibitors on human colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:105-28. [PMID: 24146045 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of histone deacetylase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors and cytotoxic drugs on human cancers, none of these types of treatments by themselves has been sufficient to eradicate the disease. The combination of different modalities may hold enormous potential for eliciting therapeutic results. In the current study, we examined the effects of treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) apicidin (APC) in combination with proteasome inhibitors on human colorectal cancer cells. The molecular mechanisms of the combined treatments and their potential to sensitize colorectal cancer cells to chemotherapies were also investigated. Cancer cells were exposed to the agents alone and in combination, and cell growth inhibition was determined by MTT and colony formation assays. HDAC, proteasome and NF-κB activities as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) were monitored. Cell cycle perturbation and induction of apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The expression of cell cycle/apoptosis- and cytoprotective/stress-related genes was determined by quantitative PCR and EIA, respectively. The potentiation of cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapies upon APC/PI combination treatment was also studied. The combination of APC and MG132, PI-1 or epoxomicin potently inhibited cancer cell growth, disrupted the cell cycle, induced apoptosis, decreased NF-κB activity and increased ROS production. These events were accompanied by the altered expression of genes associated with the cell cycle, apoptosis and cytoprotection/stress regulation. The combination treatment markedly enhanced the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells (50-3.7 x 10(4)-fold) in a drug-, APC/PI combination- and colorectal cancer subtype-dependent manner. The results of this study have implications for the development of com-binatorial treatments that include HDACIs, PIs and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, suggesting a potential therapeutic synergy with general applicability to various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Salah I Abaza
- Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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36
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“Omics” in the study of the major parasitic diseases malaria and schistosomiasis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:258-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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37
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Choomuenwai V, Schwartz BD, Beattie KD, Andrews KT, Khokhar S, Davis RA. The discovery, synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of natural product-based polyamine alkaloids. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Vanagas L, Jeffers V, Bogado SS, Dalmasso MC, Sullivan WJ, Angel SO. Toxoplasma histone acetylation remodelers as novel drug targets. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2013. [PMID: 23199404 DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a leading cause of neurological birth defects and a serious opportunistic pathogen. The authors and others have found that Toxoplasma uses a unique nucleosome composition supporting a fine gene regulation together with other factors. Post-translational modifications in histones facilitate the establishment of a global chromatin environment and orchestrate DNA-related biological processes. Histone acetylation is one of the most prominent post-translational modifications influencing gene expression. Histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases have been intensively studied as potential drug targets. In particular, histone deacetylase inhibitors have activity against apicomplexan parasites, underscoring their potential as a new class of antiparasitic compounds. In this review, we summarize what is known about Toxoplasma histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases, and discuss the inhibitors studied to date. Finally, the authors discuss the distinct possibility that the unique nucleosome composition of Toxoplasma, which harbors a nonconserved H2Bv variant histone, might be targeted in novel therapeutics directed against this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vanagas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, IIB-INTECH, CONICET-UNSAM, Av. Intendente Marino Km. 8.2, C.C 164, (B7130IIWA), Chascomús, Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Caffrey CR, Steverding D. Recent initiatives and strategies to developing new drugs for tropical parasitic diseases. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:173-86. [PMID: 23480221 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the toll of tropical parasitic diseases on human life in the developing world, present therapies still rely on drugs developed decades ago. In many cases, the clinical usefulness of these compounds is limited due to poor efficacy, toxicity and the constant attrition of drug resistance. The absence of a profit incentive regarding diseases afflicting the very poor has resulted in a lack of investment by the pharmaceutical industry in new chemotherapies. OBJECTIVE Given this background, this review addresses what alternative economic and scientific strategies have been implemented to procure novel drugs. METHODS The latest chemical, genetic and screening technologies to discover and develop drugs for tropical parasitic diseases are reviewed. In many cases these strategies are being implemented within the framework of public-private partnerships established to sustain dynamic drug development portfolios. Examples of public-private partnerships and their portfolios are discussed. Further, the contribution of dedicated academic screening centres to target discovery and preclinical prosecution of new small molecules is also highlighted. In every case, the latest scientific literature is cited, but also relevant press releases and website information to indicate the present vitality in the field. CONCLUSION The tools, institutions and consortia are now in place and evolving to deliver new pharmaceuticals. Short-term results have already been realised in the clinic, mainly through the provision of new formulations of existing drugs. Long-term and consistent investment will be required, however, to identify, develop and clinically validate new chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor R Caffrey
- University of California San Francisco, Sandler Center for Basic Research in Parasitic Diseases, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Byers Hall 501E, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Levrier C, Balastrier M, Beattie KD, Carroll AR, Martin F, Choomuenwai V, Davis RA. Pyridocoumarin, aristolactam and aporphine alkaloids from the Australian rainforest plant Goniothalamus australis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 86:121-6. [PMID: 23158725 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extracts from aerial parts of the Australian plant Goniothalamus australis has resulted in the isolation of two pyridocoumarin alkaloids, goniothalines A (1) and B (2) as well as eight known natural products, aristolactam AII (3), enterocarpam II (4), caldensine (5), sauristolactam (6), (-)-anonaine (7), asimilobine (8), altholactone (9) and (+)-goniofufurone (10). The chemical structures of all compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. Methylation of 2 using TMS-diazomethane afforded 1, which unequivocally established that both 1 and 2 possessed a 10-methyl-2H-pyrano[2,3-f]quinolin-2-one skeleton. These pyridocoumarin alkaloids are putatively proposed to arise biosynthetically from an aporphinoid precursor. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated for in vitro antimalarial activity against a chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum line (3D7). Sauristolactam (6) and (-)-anonaine (7) exhibited the most potent antiparasitic activity with IC(50) values of 9 and 7 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Levrier
- Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
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Mudianta IW, Skinner-Adams T, Andrews KT, Davis RA, Hadi TA, Hayes PY, Garson MJ. Psammaplysin derivatives from the Balinese marine sponge Aplysinella strongylata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2132-2143. [PMID: 23215158 DOI: 10.1021/np300560b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one new psammaplysin derivatives (4-24) exhibiting a variety of side chains, as well as six previously known psammaplysins, were identified from the Indonesian marine sponge Aplysinella strongylata. The double bond on the side chain of the fatty acid-containing psammaplysins was located by GC-MS analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters and their pyrrolidide derivatives. HPLC and Mosher ester studies confirmed that the isolated metabolites possessing a 19-OH substituent were mixtures of diastereomers. Selected compounds (4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 18, and 22) were screened for in vitro activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) P. falciparum malaria parasites. Of the new psammaplysins, 19-hydroxypsammaplysin E (4) showed the best antimalarial activity, with an IC(50) value of 6.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wayan Mudianta
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Choomuenwai V, Andrews KT, Davis RA. Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of a screening library based on a tetrahydroanthraquinone natural product scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:7167-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cosner CC, Bhaskara Reddy Iska V, Chatterjee A, Markiewicz JT, Corden SJ, Löfstedt J, Ankner T, Richer J, Hulett T, Schauer DJ, Wiest O, Helquist P. Evolution of Concise and Flexible Synthetic Strategies for Trichostatic Acid and the Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin A. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lysine acetylation: elucidating the components of an emerging global signaling pathway in trypanosomes. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:452934. [PMID: 23093844 PMCID: PMC3470893 DOI: 10.1155/2012/452934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past ten years the number of acetylated proteins reported in literature grew exponentially. Several authors have proposed that acetylation might be a key component in most eukaryotic signaling pathways, as important as phosphorylation. The enzymes involved in this process are starting to emerge; acetyltransferases and deacetylases are found inside and outside the nuclear compartment and have different regulatory functions. In trypanosomatids several of these enzymes have been described and are postulated to be novel antiparasitic targets for the rational design of drugs. In this paper we overview the most important known acetylated proteins and the advances made in the identification of new acetylated proteins using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Also, we summarize what is known so far about the acetyltransferases and deacetylases in eukaryotes, focusing on trypanosomes and their potential use as chemotherapeutic targets.
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Pierce RJ, Dubois-Abdesselem F, Caby S, Trolet J, Lancelot J, Oger F, Bertheaume N, Roger E. Chromatin regulation in schistosomes and histone modifying enzymes as drug targets. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 106:794-801. [PMID: 22124550 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000700003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Only one drug is currently available for the treatment and control of schistosomiasis and the increasing risk of selecting strains of schistosome that are resistant to praziquantel means that the development of new drugs is urgent. With this objective we have chosen to target the enzymes modifying histones and in particular the histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDAC). Inhibitors of HDACs (HDACi) are under intense study as potential anti-cancer drugs and act via the induction of cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. Schistosomes like other parasites can be considered as similar to tumours in that they maintain an intense metabolic activity and rate of cell division that is outside the control of the host. We have shown that HDACi can induce apoptosis and death of schistosomes maintained in culture and have set up a consortium (Schistosome Epigenetics: Targets, Regulation, New Drugs) funded by the European Commission with the aim of developing inhibitors specific for schistosome histone modifying enzymes as novel lead compounds for drug development.
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Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat) was the first of the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) to be entered as therapy for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Since then, a number of HDACi belonging to the short-chain fatty acid, hydroxamate, cyclic peptide or benzamide classes have been investigated in Phase II or III clinical trials (alone or in combination) for the treatment of many kinds of tumors. In addition, HDACi can be useful in antimalarial and antifungal therapies, and can reactivate HIV-1 expression in latent cellular reservoirs, thus suggesting that they could be used in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, they have also proved their efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and Friedreich's ataxia. In particular, a new series of bis-anilides demonstrating a peculiar mechanism of action displayed highly beneficial effects against Huntington's disease and Friedreich's ataxia. In addition, a number of sirtuin inhibitors demonstrated antiproliferative effects in cell assays as well as in mouse tumor models, thus suggesting a role of such compounds in therapy against cancer. Furthermore, the SIRT2-selective AGK-2 has been reported to have protective effects against Parkinson's disease, and resveratrol and other sirtuin activators can be useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Mai
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Drug Chemistry and Technologies Department, University of Rome Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
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Antimalarial activity of the anticancer histone deacetylase inhibitor SB939. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:3849-56. [PMID: 22508312 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00030-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes posttranslationally modify lysines on histone and nonhistone proteins and play crucial roles in epigenetic regulation and other important cellular processes. HDAC inhibitors (e.g., suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid [SAHA; also known as vorinostat]) are used clinically to treat some cancers and are under investigation for use against many other diseases. Development of new HDAC inhibitors for noncancer indications has the potential to be accelerated by piggybacking onto cancer studies, as several HDAC inhibitors have undergone or are undergoing clinical trials. One such compound, SB939, is a new orally active hydroxamate-based HDAC inhibitor with an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to that of SAHA. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activities of SB939 were investigated. SB939 was found to be a potent inhibitor of the growth of Plasmodium falciparum asexual-stage parasites in vitro (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], 100 to 200 nM), causing hyperacetylation of parasite histone and nonhistone proteins. In combination with the aspartic protease inhibitor lopinavir, SB939 displayed additive activity. SB939 also potently inhibited the in vitro growth of exoerythrocytic-stage Plasmodium parasites in liver cells (IC(50), ~150 nM), suggesting that inhibitor targeting to multiple malaria parasite life cycle stages may be possible. In an experimental in vivo murine model of cerebral malaria, orally administered SB939 significantly inhibited P. berghei ANKA parasite growth, preventing development of cerebral malaria-like symptoms. These results identify SB939 as a potent new antimalarial HDAC inhibitor and underscore the potential of investigating next-generation anticancer HDAC inhibitors as prospective new drug leads for treatment of malaria.
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Devakaram R, Black DS, Choomuenwai V, Davis RA, Kumar N. Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of novel chromeno[2,3-b]chromene derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1527-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Barnes EC, Choomuenwai V, Andrews KT, Quinn RJ, Davis RA. Design and synthesis of screening libraries based on the muurolane natural product scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4015-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob00029f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Daminelli S, Haupt VJ, Reimann M, Schroeder M. Drug repositioning through incomplete bi-cliques in an integrated drug–target–disease network. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:778-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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