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Zheng J, Wang L, Twarowska B, Laino S, Sparks C, Smith T, Russell R, Wang M. Caprylic acid-induced impurity precipitation from protein A capture column elution pool to enable a two-chromatography-step process for monoclonal antibody purification. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1515-25. [PMID: 26280674 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the use of caprylic acid (CA) to precipitate impurities from the protein A capture column elution pool for the purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the objective of developing a two chromatography step antibody purification process. A CA-induced impurity precipitation in the protein A column elution pool was evaluated as an alternative method to polishing chromatography techniques for use in the purification of mAbs. Parameters including pH, CA concentrations, mixing time, mAb concentrations, buffer systems, and incubation temperatures were evaluated on their impacts on the impurity removal, high-molecular weight (HMW) formation and precipitation step yield. Both pH and CA concentration, but not mAb concentrations and buffer systems, are key parameters that can affect host-cell proteins (HCPs) clearance, HMW species, and yield. CA precipitation removes HCPs and some HMW species to the acceptable levels under the optimal conditions. The CA precipitation process is robust at 15-25°C. For all five mAbs tested in this study, the optimal CA concentration range is 0.5-1.0%, while the pH range is from 5.0 to 6.0. A purification process using two chromatography steps (protein A capture column and ion exchange polishing column) in combination with CA-based impurity precipitation step can be used as a robust downstream process for mAb molecules with a broad range of isoelectric points. Residual CA can be effectively removed by the subsequent polishing cation exchange chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zheng
- Biologics Development Dept., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bloomsbury, NJ, 08804
| | - Lu Wang
- Biologics Development Dept., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bloomsbury, NJ, 08804
| | - Barbara Twarowska
- Biologics Development Dept., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bloomsbury, NJ, 08804
| | - Sarah Laino
- Biologics Development Dept., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bloomsbury, NJ, 08804
| | - Colleen Sparks
- Biologics Development Dept., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bloomsbury, NJ, 08804
| | - Timothy Smith
- Biologics Development Dept., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bloomsbury, NJ, 08804
| | - Reb Russell
- Biologics Development Dept., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bloomsbury, NJ, 08804
| | - Michelle Wang
- Biologics Development Dept., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bloomsbury, NJ, 08804
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Abstract
At laboratory scale, several methods for the purification of immunoglobulins from plasma or serum are available. However, not all of them are equally applicable when the scale-up to the level of the pharmaceutical industry is intended. In this case, among other factors, it must be taken into account the performance and the cost and quality of the end product. Here we present a method of purification based on the differential precipitation of plasma proteins with caprylic acid in a single step that is simple and cheap and can be easily scaled up. This methodology has been successfully applied to the development and production of pharmaceutical product, such as therapeutic antisera where immunoglobulin fraction is the unique active pharmaceutical ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Morais
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Hygiene, University of the Republic, Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay,
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Kuse ER, Kemnitz J, Kotzerke J, Wassmann R, Gubernatis G, Ringe B, Pichlmayr I. Fat emulsions in parenteral nutrition after liver transplantation: The recovery of the allografts RES function and histological observations. Clin Nutr 2012; 9:331-6. [PMID: 16837381 DOI: 10.1016/0261-5614(90)90006-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/1989] [Accepted: 12/06/1989] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Following liver transplantation, the effect of post-operative parenteral nutrition with MCT LCT (Medium Chain Triglycerides/Long Chain Triglycerides) fat emulsions on the recovery of allografts RES function was investigated in a randomised prospective study of three groups of patients (group I, n = 14: 50g MCT LCT fats twice weekly, group II, n = 15: 0.7 g/kg body weight per day MCT LCT fats, group III, n = 17: 1.5 g/kg body weight per day MCT LCT fats). RES function was assessed using the (99m)Tc-HSA-MM-Clearance ((99m)Technitium-Human serum albumen-Millimicrosphere-Clearance). There were no statistically significant differences in the recovery of RES function between the groups. A negative effect on RES function as a result of the administration of MCT LCT fat emulsions up to 1.5 g/kg b.w. per day can therefore be excluded. The evaluation of liver biopsies before the administration of fats and at the end of TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) showed no evidence, in the 20 patients investigated, of any fatty changes in the liver caused by the infusion of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Kuse
- Zentrum Anästhesiologie, Abt. IV, Medizinsche Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Str. 8, 3000 Hannover 61, FRG
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Morais V, Massaldi H. A model mechanism for protein precipitation by caprylic acid: Application to plasma purification. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:50-4. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Monosrol A, Blume A, Manosrol J, Bauer KH. Thermodynamic Characteristics of A Human Insulin-Deae-Dextran Complex Entrapped in Liposomes. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049009114913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shrake A, Frazier D, Schwarz FP. Thermal stabilization of human albumin by medium- and short-chainn-alkyl fatty acid anions. Biopolymers 2006; 81:235-48. [PMID: 16273515 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the thermal stabilization of defatted human albumin monomer by n-alkyl fatty acid anions (FAAs), formate through n-decanoate, was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The concentration of each ligand affording maximum thermal stabilization was determined; n-nonanoate provides the greatest stabilization but is only marginally better than n-octanoate and n-decanoate. The use of reversible thermodynamics and a two-state denaturation model for albumin has been validated. Standard free energies of binding, calculated from increases in free energy of denaturation, for n-butanoate and longer FAAs, are linear with n-alkyl chain length whereas those for formate, acetate, and n-propionate deviate from linearity; those for acetate and n-propionate are even greater than that of n-butanoate, thereby suggesting, in addition to the common class of sites available to all such ligands, the presence of an additional class of lower affinity binding sites available only to these shortest ligands. Competition experiments involving acetate and n-octanoate and involving n-pentanoate and n-octanoate confirmed the binding of acetate to lower affinity sites unavailable to n-octanoate and n-pentanoate. Furthermore, an equation is provided, allowing computation of the transition temperature as a function of the free energy for any reversible process causing a change in thermal stability of a protein undergoing reversible, two-state denaturation. With this equation, modeling the competition experiments by using the binding parameters determined by DSC provides additional support for the class of lower affinity sites, which play a significant role in thermal stabilization of albumin at higher concentrations of these shortest FAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Shrake
- Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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HINK JH, JOHNSON FF. The stabilization of albumin during the ultraviolet irradiation of plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 40:537-42. [PMID: 14907453 DOI: 10.1002/jps.3030401103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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SAMSON FE, KATZ AM, HARRIS DL. Effects of acetate and other short-chain fatty acids on yeast metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 54:406-23. [PMID: 14350790 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(55)90054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Boyer
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1570, USA.
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Aryana KJ, Haque ZZ, Gerard PD. Influence of whey protein concentrate on the functionality of egg white and bovine serum albumin. Int J Food Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2002.00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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GREGG CT, LEHNINGER AL. DEPENDENCE OF RESPIRATION OF PHOSPHATE AND PHOSPHATE ACCEPTOR IN SUBMITOCHONDRIAL SYSTEMS. II. SONIC FRAGMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 78:27-44. [PMID: 14098181 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)91606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Isaacs CE, Litov RE, Thormar H. Antimicrobial activity of lipids added to human milk, infant formula, and bovine milk. J Nutr Biochem 1995; 6:362-366. [PMID: 12049996 DOI: 10.1016/0955-2863(95)80003-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipids previously shown to have antiviral and antibacterial activity in buffers were added to human milk, bovine milk, and infant formulas to determine whether increased protection from infection could be provided to infants as part of their diet. Fatty acids and monoglycerides with chain lengths varying from 8 to 12 carbons were found to be more strongly antiviral and antibacterial when added to milk and formula than long chain monoglycerides. Lipids added to milk and formula inactivated a number of pathogens including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Haemophilus influenzae, and Group B streptococcus. The results presented in this study suggest that increased protection from infection may be provided to infants at mucosal surfaces, prior to the digestion of milk and formula triglycerides, by the addition of antimicrobial medium chain monoglycerides to an infant's diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Isaacs
- New York State Institute of Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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Isaacs CE, Kim KS, Thormar H. Inactivation of enveloped viruses in human bodily fluids by purified lipids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994; 724:457-64. [PMID: 8030973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial lipids are found in mucosal secretions and are one of a number of nonimmunologic and nonspecific protective factors found at mucosal surfaces. Lipids can inactivate enveloped viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Lipid-dependent antimicrobial activity at mucosal surfaces is due to certain monoglycerides and fatty acids that are released from triglycerides by lipolytic activity. Medium chain length antiviral lipids can be added to human blood products that contain HIV-1 and HIV-2 and reduce the cell-free virus concentration by as much as 11 log10 TCID50/ml. The presence of lipids does not interfere with most clinical assays performed on human blood samples. Antimicrobial lipids can disrupt cell membranes and therefore lyse leukocytes which potentially carry virus. Genital mucosal epithelial cells should be protected from damage by the mucous layer. Preliminary studies indicate that lipids decrease sperm motility and viability suggesting that lipids may potentially be used as combination spermicidal and virucidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Isaacs
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island 10314
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Mozhaev VV, Martinek K. Structure-stability relationships in proteins: a guide to approaches to stabilizing enzymes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-409x(90)90028-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Abstract
The effects of crotoxin, isolated from the venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus, were investigated on isolated guinea pig hearts, perfused with Locke solution, by the Langendorff method. The cardiac beats and the electrocardiogram were simultaneously registered and the creatine kinase (CK) activity of the perfusate measured. Crotoxin was infused (4.5 x 10(-8) M and 2.3 x 10(-7) M) into the heart during 90 min, and induced a remarkable decrease in the contractile force, without a significant reduction of heart rate, increased the P-R interval and displaced the S-T segment. The activity of CK only increased in the late phases of the experiments, when the force of contraction was below 25% of the control value. Arrhythmias were uncommon and no alterations of QRS duration or Q-Tc interval were observed. The reduction of the contractile force and the increase in CK activity were completely prevented by bovine serum albumin, whereas lanatoside C did not interfere with the toxin action. A bolus injection of crotoxin (11 +/- 2 nmoles) also induced a decrease of contractile force without reduction of heart rate. This decrease of force was partially prevented by indomethacin, but not by atropine. It is suggested that the reduction of contractile force evoked by crotoxin is due probably to release of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids (initial effect) and to a cellular lesion (late effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Mozhaev VV, Berezin IV, Martinek K. Structure-stability relationship in proteins: fundamental tasks and strategy for the development of stabilized enzyme catalysts for biotechnology. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 23:235-81. [PMID: 3069328 DOI: 10.3109/10409238809088225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The problem of relationships between the protein structure and its stability comprises two major questions. First, how to elucidate the peculiarities of the protein structure responsible for its stability. Second, knowing the general molecular basis of protein stability, how to change the structure of a given protein in order to increase its stability. This review is an attempt to show the modern state of the first (fundamental) and the second (applied) aspects of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Mozhaev
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, U.S.S.R
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19
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Cunningham FG, Lowe T, Guss S, Mason R. Erythrocyte morphology in women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. Preliminary observations with scanning electron microscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 153:358-63. [PMID: 4050910 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(85)90071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphologic characteristics of erythrocytes in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia. In nine nulliparous women with eclampsia, the proportion of abnormal red cells (schistocytes, echinocytes, and spherocytes) was significantly greater than in 12 normally pregnant control women (p less than 0.001). Likewise, the proportion of these abnormal erythrocyte forms was significantly greater in 12 nulliparous women with preeclampsia than in 25 normally pregnant control women (p = 0.009). Six women with mild pregnancy-induced hypertension without proteinuria were studied before and after magnesium sulfate therapy had been given, and no differences in the proportion of abnormal erythrocyte forms were found. Evidence for microangiopathic hemolysis, manifest by reticulocytosis and thrombocytopenia, was apparent with eclampsia, although only reticulocytosis was identified in women with preeclampsia. There was evidence for hepatic dysfunction in more than half of the women with eclampsia, and in nearly one third of those with preeclampsia. We speculate that compositional changes in the membrane, induced by plasma/erythrocyte lipid interchanges, which are predisposed by normal pregnancy and amplified by severe preeclampsia, especially in the presence of liver dysfunction, may have participated in the genesis of the red cell abnormalities observed. Furthermore, these abnormalities in the cell membrane may increase erythrocyte susceptibility to microangiopathic hemolysis.
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Howard BD. Effects of beta-bungarotoxin on mitochondrial respiration are caused by associated phospholipase A activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 67:58-65. [PMID: 1201036 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Siefermann D, Yamamoto HY. Properties of NADPH and oxygen-dependent zeaxanthin epoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. A transmembrane model for the violaxanthin cycle. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 171:70-7. [PMID: 242274 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ashbrook JD, Spector AA, Santos EC, Fletcher JE. Long chain fatty acid binding to human plasma albumin. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Siefermann D, Yamamoto HY. NADPH and oxygen-dependent epoxidation of zeaxanthin in isolated chloroplasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 62:456-61. [PMID: 234228 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(75)80160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Abstract
The interaction of tolbutamide, glibenclamide, chlorpropamide and tolazamide with serum albumin has been examined. Glibenclamide, the most strongly bound of the four compounds, is bound to only one class of sites. The other three compounds are bound to at least two. The interaction between glibenclamide and albumin was independent of pH and increased markedly with decreasing temperature suggesting that a non-ionic mechanism is involved. In contrast, the overall interaction of tolbutamide with albumin showed little temperature dependence and, in addition, binding of both tolbutamide and chlorpropamide decreased with pH. These findings imply that the predominantly bound species is the anion. Binding parameters corrected for electrostatic effects were found to fit binding data for tolbutamide, chlorpropamide and tolazamide better than uncorrected parameters. Electrostatic correction of binding of glibenclamide is unnecessary.
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Abstract
The oral administration of short (C(6)) and medium (C(8) and (C(10)) chain triglycerides produced no clinical or electroencephalographic changes in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Arterial ammonia levels were also monitored in these patients and showed no significant change after medium chain triglycerides. It was concluded that medium chain triglycerides, known to be of potential value in the treatment of malabsorption in patients with cirrhosis, are not clinically contraindicated, even in patients with evidence of hepatic encephalopathy.
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Bell GH. The action of monocarboxylic acids on Candida tropicalis growing on hydrocarbon substrates. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1971; 37:385-400. [PMID: 5316515 DOI: 10.1007/bf02218509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Viscometric studies on the interaction of sodium dodecyl sulphate with transfusion gelatin. Colloid Polym Sci 1970. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02086842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Johns WH, Bates TR. Quantification of the binding tendencies of cholestyramine. II. Mechanism of interaction with bile salt and fatty acid salt anions. J Pharm Sci 1970; 59:329-33. [PMID: 5416172 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600590311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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32
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Patel NK, Sheen PC, Taylor KE. Studies on protein binding. I. Interaction of para-hydroxybenzoic acid esters with bovine serum albumin. J Pharm Sci 1968; 57:1370-4. [PMID: 5692274 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600570820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Solomon HM, Schrogie JJ, Williams D. The displacement of phenylbutazone-14C and warfarin-14C from human albumin by various drugs and fatty acids. Biochem Pharmacol 1968; 17:143-51. [PMID: 5638549 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(68)90166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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34
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Ruhenstroth-Bauer G. [Mechanism and significance of the accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1966; 44:533-9. [PMID: 4870029 DOI: 10.1007/bf01726584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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35
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Immunochemical studies of human serum components obtained with urea-starch gel electrophoresis. Clin Chim Acta 1965; 11:523-9. [PMID: 4953775 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(65)90008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ito T, Johnson RM. Effects of a Nutritional Deficiency of Unsaturated Fats on Rat Liver Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1964. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)97705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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39
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ABILDGAARD U. ACCELERATION OF FIBRIN POLYMERIZATION BY ACETATE AND OTHER LOW MOLECULAR IONS. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1964; 16:521-30. [PMID: 14209212 DOI: 10.3109/00365516409060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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WOJTCZAK L, LEHNINGER AL. Formation and disappearance of an endogenous uncoupling factor during swelling and contraction of mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1961; 51:442-56. [PMID: 14007889 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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PRIEGNITZ A, WOJTCZAK L. Binding of modified serum albumins with the uncoupling factor (fatty acids) from insect mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1961; 48:585-7. [PMID: 13737996 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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44
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Helinski DR, Cooper C. Studies on the Action of Bovine Serum Albumin on Aged Rat Liver Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1960. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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45
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HAMM REINER, DEATHERAGE FE. CHANGES IN HYDRATION, SOLUBILITY AND CHARGES OF MUSCLE PROTEINS DURING HEATING OF MEAT. J Food Sci 1960. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1960.tb00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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50
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WESTPHAL U, STETS JF, PRIEST SG. Influence of fatty acids and related anions on the azorubin-binding capacity of serum albumin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1953; 43:463-73. [PMID: 13051196 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(53)90141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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